Search

Microsimulation traffic models are used to analyze and predict the functionality and safety of traffic networks, especially in critical areas such as intersections. These models have proven particularly useful in analyzing and comparing solutions in the early stages of design. In this paper, we compare the functional characteristics of an existing two-lane roundabout and a proposed replacement turbo roundabout. Our microsimulation modeling used the VISSIM traffic model, and we designed the conceptual turbo roundabout with AutoCAD and TORUS5 Roundabouts software., Mikrosimulacijski prometni modeli koriste se u analizi postojećih i predikciji budućih funkcionalnih i sigurnosnih karakteristika dijelova prometne mreže, osobito kritičnih dijelova poput raskrižja. Njihova primjena pokazala se osobito korisnom u analizi i ocjeni varijantnih rješenja u ranim projektnim fazama. U okviru ovoga rada pokazni su rezultati analize i usporedbe postojećeg dvotračnog kružnog raskrižja primarne funkcionalne razine i potencijalne rekonstrukcije u turbo kružno raskrižje. Za mikrosimulacijsko modeliranje korišten je mikrosimulacijski prometni model VISSIM, a idejno rješenje turbo raskrižja napravljeno je primjenom programa AutoCAD i TORUS 5 Roundabouts.

Dalmatian pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium (TREVIR.) SCH.BIP.) is a plant species endemic to the east Adriatic coast. The bioactive substance of Dalmatian pyrethrum is a natural insecticide, pyrethrin, a mixture of six active components (pyrethrins I and II, cinerins I and II, and jasmolins I and II). The insecticidal potential of pyrethrin was recognized decades ago, and dried and ground flowers have traditionally been used in Croatian agriculture and households. A total of 25 Dalmatian pyrethrum populations from Croatia were studied to determine the pyrethrin content and composition, and to identify distinct chemotypes. The total pyrethrin content ranged from 0.36 to 1.30% (dry flower weight; DW) and the pyrethrin I/pyrethrin II ratio ranged from 0.64 to 3.33%. The statistical analyses revealed that the correlations between the percentage of pyrethrin I and of all the other components were significant and negative. The total pyrethrin content was positively correlated with the percentage of pyrethrin I and negatively correlated with cinerin II. The multivariate analysis of the chemical variability enabled the identification of five chemotypes among 25 Dalmatian pyrethrum populations. The chemical characterization of indigenous Dalmatian pyrethrum populations may serve as a good background for future breeding and agricultural exploitation.

Twenty-seven Ocimum basilicum cultivars were subjected to a chemical characterization of essential oil components by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and a genetic characterization using the amplified fragment-length polymorphism (AFLP) technique. Since the same 27 accessions had previously been classified into six morphotypes, these analyses allowed us to make detailed comparisons of chemistry, genetics, and morphology. The chemical composition and morphology of the studied cultivars appeared to have a strong genetic component. The AFLP analysis revealed a distinction between the green and purple morphotypes. The green morphotypes predominantly utilized the terpene biosynthetic pathway, while most purple morphotypes primarily utilized the phenylpropene biosynthetic pathway. The GC/MS analysis led to identification of 87 volatiles. Among the 27 cultivars, five chemotypes were identified. A detailed characterization of the essential oil constituents indicated the existence of both specific combinations of compounds and ‘private’ compounds with the potential to be used in many aspects of human life. The established relationship between a genetic profile, chemical composition, and morphology represents an important step in future breeding programs and in the cultivation of this species.

GC/MS was used to identify compounds of essential oils from seven Ocimum taxa (O. americanum L., O. basilicum L., O. campechianum Mill., O. x citriodorum Vis., O. kilimandscharicum Baker ex Gurke and three botanical varieties and cultivars of Ocimum basilicum L.: ‘Genovese’, var. difforme and var. purpurascens). Preliminary screening of their antibacterial activity was done against a number of common pathogens (Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococus faecium, Escherichia coli 0157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Listeria ivanovii, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermis) using the filter paper disc agar diffusion technique, while further analyses were done by modification of the disc diffusion method. A broad variation in the antibacterial properties of investigated essential oils was observed. E. coli 0157:H7 was inhibited by O. basilicum ‘Genovese’ essential oil, while Ocimum americanum and Ocimum x citriodorum essential oils were the most effective against Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, P. vulgaris, S. aureus and S. epidermis.

Dalmatian pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium Trevir. /Sch./ Bip.) is an outcrossing, perennial insecticidal plant, restricted to the eastern Adriatic coast (Mediterranean). Amplified fragment-length polymorphisms (AFLP) were used to investigate the genetic diversity and structure within and among 20 natural plant populations. The highest level of gene diversity, the number of private alleles and the frequency down-weighted marker values (DW) were found in northern Adriatic populations and gradually decreased towards the southern boundary of the species range. Genetic impoverishment of these southern populations is most likely the result of human-related activities. An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that most of the genetic diversity was attributed to differences among individuals within populations (85.78%), which are expected due to the outcrossing nature of the species. A Bayesian analysis of the population structure identified two dominant genetic clusters. A spatial analysis of the genetic diversity indicated that 5.6% of the genetic differentiation resulted from isolation by distance (IBD), while 12.3% of the genetic differentiation among populations followed the pattern of isolation by environmental distance (IBED). Knowledge of the genetic diversity patterns of the natural populations and the mechanism behind these patterns is required for the exploitation and possible conservation management of this endemic and economically important species.

The use of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAP) in Croatia has a very long tradition. Commercial gathering was economically important source of income in many Croatian regions. However, gathering in the wildness has a negative impact on biodiversity, collected plant material is not uniform and its price is significantly lower. Current production of medicinal and aromatic crops in Croatia is very limited. The MAP cultivation on family farms is usually marginal activity. MAP producers and processors generally agree that marketing opportunities do exist in case of a number of species. Natural MAP populations in Croatia show great biodiversity in morphological, biochemical and genetic level. The assessment of biodiversity is a starting point for efficient conservation of plant genetic resources and its use in plant breeding programmes. The main aim of the management of plant genetic resources is conservation, characterization, evaluation and documentation of the existing genetic biodiversity. For the purpose of conservation of these valuable genetic resources, The Collection of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants has been established at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Croatia. Characterization and evaluation of accessions in plant genebanks is traditionally based on morphological traits. Currently, the analysis of target species including Dalmatian sage (Salvia officinalis L.), Dalmatian pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium/Trevir./Sch. Bip.) and basils (Ocimum spp.) has been carried out on morphological, biochemical and genetic level.

Most commercial basil cultivars belong to the species Ocimum basilicum L. Moreover, within O. basilicum species there are six main botanical varieties and cultivars (var. basilicum 'Genovese', var. basilicum 'Sweet Basil', var. difforme Benth., var. purpurascens Benth., 'Dark Opal' and var. thyrsiflorum /L./ Benth.) which are mainly found on the market. High levels of both morphological and chemical variability exist within the species due to the intra- and interspecific hybridization and long-term uses throughout the world. The aim of this work was to study the resolving power of morphological traits for reliable identification of basil accessions. Phenotypic dissimilarities between pairs of accessions were calculated and the UPGMA dendrogram was constructed. Six clearly defined clusters have been detected, giving a good representation of traditional taxonomic relationships. To compare the efficiency of the morphological traits in accession identification, confusion probability and discriminating power of each trait was calculated. Our results show that with a careful analysis and stringent selection of traits, morphological markers provide an inexpensive and reliable method for routine screening of a large number of accessions, in order to monitor and manage germplasm collections.

DNA fingerprinting (AFLP) and chemical analyses of essential oils were utilized to define the extent of variation existing in the genus Ocimum. Research was carried out on 22 Ocimum accessions representing seven species. Concerning the essential oil composition of all investigated accessions, 115 compounds were identified. UPGMA cluster analysis, based on Euclidian distances of essential oil constituents between all pairs of accessions, showed four well-supported clusters (O. tenuiflorum, O. basilicum/O. africanum, O. basilicum, and O. americanum/O. africanum). Relating to the essential oil composition of all of the investigated accessions, 17 compounds were identified as the main ones, and according to them 13 chemotypes were determined. AFLP relationships were determined by neighbor-joining (NJ) cluster analysis based on Dice’s distance matrix and by maximum parsimony (MP) analysis. O. basilicum, O. americanum/O. africanum, O. tenuiflorum, and O. gratissimum represented four clusters supported with high bootstrap values. A neighbor-net diagram allowed the visualization of apparently conflicting data by revealing relationships between genotypes and chemotypes. Concerning the O. africanum species, two distinct chemotypes, geranial/neral (accession 11) and estragol (accession 10), have been established, while all the studied O. americanum accessions belong to the geranial/neral chemotype. This could be additional evidence that O. americanum is one of the parents of O. africanum. Furthermore, the fact that the O. africanum accession (10) as well as O. basilicum ‘Purpurascens’ and O. basilicum ‘Erevanskii’ accessions belong to the estragol chemotype supports the theory that O. africanum is one of the parents of these two O. basilicum accessions.

Ocimum basilicum L. je najraširenija vrsta roda Ocimum, a unutar vrste postoji šest glavnih botaničkih varijeteta i kultivara: var. basilicum ‘Genovese’, var. difforme, var. minimum, var. purpurascens, ‘Dark Opal’ i var. thyrsiflorum. Primjena mikroelemenata, kao dodataka makroelementima, značajno djeluje na prinos biljne mase i sastav eteričnog ulja kod mnogih ljekovitih i aromatičnih biljnih vrsta. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi utjecaj različitih tretmana folijarne gnojidbe na prinos pet kultivara O. basilicum (var. basilicum ‘Genovese’, var. difforme, var. minimum ‘Bush Basil’, var. purpurascens i ‘Dark Opal’). Pokus je proveden po split-plot dizajnu u tri ponavljanja s četiri folijarna gnojidbena tretmana: kontrola, Drin (2 x 1 ml/l), bor (2 x 1,75 g/l) i cink (2 x 1,25 g/l). Tretmani su primijenjeni 15 i 5 dana prije pune cvatnje. Utvrđene su statistički značajne razlike između kultivara u visini biljaka, broju grana i prinosu (svježe i suhe tvari). Međutim, nije utvrđena statistički značajna razlika između gnojidbenih tretmana. U tijeku je komparativna analiza utjecaja različitih gnojidbenih tretmana na prinos i sastav eteričnog ulja sorata bosiljka., Ocimum basilicum L. is the most commercial species in the genus Ocimum and within the species there are six main botanical varieties and cultivars: var. basilicum ‘Genovese’, var. difforme, var. minimum, var. purpurascens, ‘Dark Opal’ and var. thyrsiflorum. Application of micronutrients, as supplements to macroelements, has been reported to have significant effects on herb yield and oil contents on a wide range of medicinal and aromatic plants. The aim of the current study was to determine the influence of different foliar fertilization treatments on yield of five O. basilicum cultivars (var. basilicum ‘Genovese’, var. difforme, var. minimum ‘Bush Basil’, var. purpurascens and ‘Dark Opal’). The field trial was carried out using a split-plot design with three replications. Four treatments included: control, Drin (2 x 1 ml/l), Boron (2 x 1.75 g/l) and Zinc (2 x 1.25 g/l). The treatments were applied at both 15 and 5 days before full bloom. As expected, cultivars showed significant differences in plant height, number of branches and yield (fresh and dry matter). However, no significant differences were observed among fertilization treatments in any of analyzed traits. Comparative analyses concerning influences of different treatments on essential oil yield and composition of basil cultivars are in progress.

U poljski pokus uključeno je deset primki rupičaste pljuskavice (Hypericum perforatum L.) iz Kolekcije ljekovitog i aromatičnog bilja Hrvatske banke biljnih gena podrijetlom iz Hrvatske (9) i Bosne i Hercegovine (1). Tijekom pokusa na deset slučajno odabranih biljaka po parceli analizirana su sljedeća kvantitativna svojstva: visina stabljike (cm), broj grana, broj cvjetnih grana, masa svježe i suhe stabljike s listovima (g), te masa svježeg i suhog korijena (g). Primke rupičaste pljuskavice signifikantno su se razlikovale u svim analiziranim svojstvima. Primka HBG00602 koja predstavlja populaciju iz Doljana, Metković, kao i primka HBG00896 iz Nerezina, otok Lošinj, pokazale su više vrijednosti u većini analiziranih svojstava., Ten St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) accessions from the Collection of medicinal and aromatic plants of the Croatian Bank of Plant Genes originating from Croatia (9) and Bosnia and Herzegovina (1) were included in the field experiment. On ten randomly chosen plants per plot the following quantitative traits were scored: plant height (cm), number of branches, number of flowering branches, weight of the fresh and dried stems with leaves (g), and weight of the fresh and dried roots (g). St. John's Wort accessions differed significantly in all the analysed quantitative traits. The accession HBG00602 representing the population from Doljani, Metković and the accession HBG00896 from Nerezine, island of Lošinj showed higher values for the most of the analyzed traits.

Šest primki ljekovitog matičnjaka (Melissa officinalis L.) iz Kolekcije ljekovitog i aromatičnog bilja Hrvatske banke biljnih gena podrijetlom iz Austrije (2), Hrvatske (1), Nizozemske (1) i Njemačke (2) uključeno je u poljski pokus. Tijekom pokusa praćena su osnovna razlikovna morfološka svojstva (boja lista, veličina lista, oblik cvata, boja cvata), a na slučajno odabranim biljkama po pokusnoj parcelici analizirana su sljedeća kvantitativna svojstva: visina stabljike, broj grana, te masa svježe i suhe stabljike, korijena i lista. Varijabilnost kvalitativnih svojstava primki ljekovitog matičnjaka nije primijećena, za razliku od kvantitativnih svojstava gdje je između i unutar primki ljekovitog matičnjaka primijećena velika varijabilnost. Iako nisu dobivene statistički signifikantne razlike između primki za dva najvažnija agronomska svojstva (masa svježeg i suhih listova), primka HBG00147 iz Austrije je pokazala najveće vrijednosti za navedena svojstva., Six lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) accessions from the Collection of medicinal and aromatic plants of the Croatian bank of plant genes originating form Austria (2), Croatia (1), Germany (2) and the Netherlands were included in the field experiment. Main qualitative morphological traits as leaf colour, leaf shape, inflorescence form and inflorescence colour were analysed. On ten randomly chosen plants per plot the following quantitative traits were scored: plant height and number of branches as well as the fresh and dried weight of stems, roots and leaves. No variation in qualitative traits has been found among and within accessions while all the quantitative traits showed a great variation within as well as among accessions. No statistically significant differences were found in two agronomically most important traits: the weight of fresh and dried leaves per plant. The accession HBG00147 from Austria showed the highest values of fresh and dried leaves weight per plant.

U svrhu ispitivanja optimalnog sklopa kod četiri kultivara soje: Aura, Ronda, Gordana i Dora postavljen je pokus na pokušalištu Zavoda za sjemenarstvo, Agronomskog fakulteta u Zagrebu. Pokus je postavljen u četiri repeticije po slučajnom bloknom rasporedu, a mjerena su sljedeća svojstva: visina stabljike (cm), visina do prve plodne mahune (cm), broj etaža, broj grana, broj mahuna po biljci, broj zrna po biljci, masa zrna po biljci (g), broj zrna po mahuni, masa 1000 zrna (g). Temeljem rezultata analize utjecaja tri različita sklopa (40, 60 i 80 biljaka/m2) na prinos i sastavnice prinosa utvrđeno je da je sklop kao izvor varijabilnosti nesignifikantan kod svih ispitivanih svojstava. Interakcija kultivar x sklop kao izvor varijabilnosti pokazala se visokosignifikantnom za sljedeća svojstva: visina stabljike, masa zrna po biljci i masa 1000 zrna. Za svojstva visina do prve mahune, broj etaža, broj grana, broj mahuna i broj zrna interakcija se pokazala nesignifikantnom. Prinosi postignuti u sklopovima 60 i 80 signifikantno su bili veći od prinosa dobivenog u sklopu 40 biljaka/m2., In purpose of finding an optimal crop density for four cultivars of soybean: Aura, Ronda, Gordana and Dora on field of Agricultural Faculty, University of Zagreb an experiment were conducted. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used. The traits included in the analysis were the following: plant height, height of the first pod-bearing node, number of nodes, number of branches, number of pods, number of seeds, number of seeds per pod, seed weight per plant and 1000-seed weight. On the basis of the results of effect of three different crop density (40, 60 and 80 plants/ m2) on yield and yield components we found out that crop density was not significant as source of variability for analysed traits. Interaction cultivar x crop density was significant as source of variability for traits: plant height, seed weight per plant and 1000-seed weight. For traits height of the first pod-bearing node number of nodes, number of branches, number of pods and number of seeds the interaction was not significant. Yields achieved in crop density of 60 and 80 plants per m2 differed significantly from one in crop density of 40 plants per m2.

Brojne autohtone vrste imaju potencijala za primjenu kao ukrasne vrste u krajobrazu. Dobro su prilagođene staništu čime se smanjuje cijena njihovog održavanja i njege. Njihovom uporabom doprinosi se očuvanju ambijentalne vrijednosti prostora te očuvanju bioraznolikosti. Flora Mediterana obiluje endemskim vrstama, a rod Salvia bogat je vrstama s ukrasnom vrijednošću. Vrsta Salvia officinalis L., mirisava kadulja, žalfija, kuš; do 50 cm je visoki i vrlo raširen polugrm naših primorskih kamenjara, a dekorativna je i u cvjetnom i u bescvjetnom stanju. Morfološka svojstva kao što su: visina grma, broj i visina grana, duljina cvata, broj listova po izboju i cvjetova u cvatu, važna su za procjenu ukrasne vrijednosti neke biljne vrste, a mjerena su na 10 populacija, na biljkama kadulje porijeklom s područja Republike Hrvatske i Republike Bosne i Hercegovine. Populacije su se razlikovale s obzirom na morfološka svojstva što upućuje, Many wild species have a potential to be used as ornamentals in the landscape. They are well adapted to the site conditions and that brings to the lower price of maintenance and care. The use of wild species contributes to the protection of area’s ambient value and biodiversity. Mediterranean flora is rich on endemic species, and genus Salvia has many species with ornamental value. Species Salvia officinalis L., sage, is 50 cm high subshrub that is very common on rocky sites along seaside. It has ornamental value in the time of flowering but it’s also attractive when not in flower. Morphological characters, such as: plant height, number and height of branches, inflorescence height, number of leaves per shoot and flowers per inflorescence, are important to estimate the ornamental value of plant species. These characters were measured on the plants from 10 different populations originating from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Populations varied on the basis of morphological characters showing that the sage can be useful for different purposes in a landscape design.

Provedena je usporedba 21 oplemenjivačke linije soje kreirane na Zavodu za sjemenarstvo Agronomskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu s četiri standardna kultivara (Sabina, Dubravka, Gordana i Aura) na temelju prinosa i njegovih sastavnica. Poljski je pokus postavljen po slučajnom bloknom rasporedu u tri ponavljanja, a praćena su sljedeća svojstva: visina stabljike, visina do prve plodne etaže, broj etaža, broj grana, broj mahuna, broj zrna, masa zrna po biljci, broj zrna po mahuni, masa 1000 zrna, te prinos (dt/ha). Utvrđeno je postojanje signifikantnih razlika između genotipova u svim ispitivanim sastavnicama prinosa, ali ne i u prinosu. Dvije su se linije (SK2*3/87 i IK(Hr)1-2) isticale većim brojem mahuna i zrna po biljci kao i većom masom sjemena po biljci dok je kod linije IK12*9/87-10-18 uočen veći broj zrna po mahuni., Yield and yield components of 21 soybean breeding lines developed at the Department of Seed Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb were compared to those of four standard soybean cultivars (Sabina, Dubravka, Gordana and Aura). A randomized complete block design with tree replications was used. The traits included in the analysis were the following: plant height, height of the first pod-bearing node, number of nodes, number of branches, number of pods, number of seeds, 1000-seed weight, number of seeds per pod, and grain yield (dt/ha). Soybean genotypes differed significantly in all the yield components in the study, but not in yield per se. Two lines (SK2*3/87 and IK(Hr)1-2) had a higher number of pods and seeds per plant as well as the higher seed weight per plant while in the line IK12*9/87-10-18 a higher number of seeds per pod was detected.

U poljski pokus je uključeno osam primki običnog mravinca (Origanum vulgare L.) iz Kolekcije ljekovitog i aromatičnog bilja Hrvatske banke biljnih gena. Sjeme je dobiveno razmjenom s nacionalnim bankama biljnih gena (SAD, Rusija) kao i sakupljeno od domaćih prikupljača. Pokus je postavljen po slučajnom bloknom rasporedu. Uzorci za analizu uzeti su slučajnim odabirom, 10 biljaka od svake primke (osim kod člana pokusa HBG00410, 5 biljaka). Kod ukupno 75 biljaka analizirana su kvalitativna i kvantitativna svojstva. Od kvalitativnih svojstava analizirana je: boja lista, veličina i boja pricvjetnih listića (brakteja), te oblik i boja cvijeta. Od kvantitativnih svojstava analizirana je: visina stabljike (cm), dužina korijena (cm), broj grana po biljci, te svježa i suha masa (g) korijena, stabljike, lista i cvata, kao i suha i svježa masa cijele biljke. Visokosignifikantne razlike između primki uočene su kod tri ispitivana svojstva: broj grana, svježa i suha masa lista. Najveća varijabilnost je zabilježena kod svojstva suha masa lista, a najmanja kod svojstva visina stabljike. Primka HBG00350, podrijetlom iz Rusije pokazala se znatno boljom u većini agronomski važnih svojstava (svježa masa stabljike, lista i cijele biljke, te suha masa stabljike, lista i cijele biljke) od drugih članova pokusa., Eight Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) accessions from the Collection of medicinal and aromatic plants of the Croatian Bank of Plant Genes were included in the field trial. The seed was collected through exchange with other national Gene Banks (USA, Russia) or collected by domestic collectors. The field trial was set in random block design. Ten randomly chosen plants from each accession (except 5 plants from HGB00410) were analyzed (total of 75 plants) for important qualitative and quantitative agronomic traits. Analyzed qualitative traits included: colour of leaves, size and colour of bracts, shape of inflorescence and colour of flowers. Quantitative traits that were analyzed are: plant height (cm), root length (cm), number of branches, weight of dried and fresh root, stem, leaves and flowers as well as the weight of dried and fresh plant. Accessions of Oregano differed significantly in three analyzed traits: number of branches, dried leaf weight and fresh leaf weight. The highest variation was found in the mass of dried leaf and the lowest in the plant height. When compared to other accessions, accession HGB00350, representing the population from Russia showed the highest values for the most analyzed traits (fresh stem weight, fresh leaf weight, dried stem weight, dried leaf weight as well as dried and fresh plant weight).

Na području Županje tradicionalno se sjeme proizvodi i dorađuje u tvrtki Mednik d.d. sada Meretine d.o.o. Županja. Zadnjih 20-30 godina na ovim površinama proizvodilo se sjeme svih ratarskih kultura a danas je zbog nedostatka zemljišnih površina sjemenska proizvodnja svedena na: kukuruz, pšenicu, soju i nešto manje zob, raž, pšenoraž, lucernu i sl. Doradbeni kapacitet za sjeme u Bošnjacima znatno (pet puta) nadmašuje našu proizvodnju na 750 ha. Do pojave privatizacije imali smo oko 4,000 ha i uspješno smo proizvodili sjeme u plodoredu i izolaciji poštivajući sve zakonitosti agronomske znanosti i struke. U ovom radu osvrnut ćemo se na proizvodnju sjemena dvije najvažnije kulture u našem sjemenarstvu, pšenicu i soju. Proizvodnja sjemena varira po kultivarima ali i godinama. U zadnjih pet godina najniža proizvodnja sjemena ostvarena je 2003. godine i to 46.21 dt/ha a najviša 2004. godine 62.00 dt/ha. Najnižu proizvodnju sjemena soje ostvarili smo 2003. godine (suša) od 19.90 dt/ha a najveću 2004. godine 31.80 dt/ha. Proizvodnja sjemena pšenice i soje ostvaruje dobit, ali njihove merkantilne proizvodnje na granici su pozitivnog rezultata. Razlog za ovo je taj što su najbolje površine date seljacima, a nama je ostao "prsten" oko grada Županje, uglavnom neuređene ili slabo plodne površine gdje su nužni ozbiljniji agronomski zahvati., In Županja area seed is tradicionally producing and conditioning in Mednik d.d. now Meretine d.o.o., Županja. In the last 20-30 years seed of all field crops was produced, nowadays production is reduced to: corn, wheat, soybean, oat, rye, triticale, alfalfa etc. Conditioning capacity in Bošnjaci is five time bigger than our seed production on 750 ha. Until privatization we had about 4,000 ha and we had successful seed production in crop rotation and isolation. In this review data about our two most important species: wheat and soybean seed production are given. Seed production is variating according to cultivars and years. In last five years minimum seed production was in 2003 when it was produced 46.21 dt/ha and maximum was in 2004, 62 dt/ha. Minimum soybean seed production was in the year 2003 (drought) it was 19.90 dt/ha, and maximum was in year 2004 31.80 dt/ha. Seed production of wheat and soybean is bringing benefit but mercantile production is on the margin of the positive result. The reason for this is that the best fields are given to farmers and we have "ring" around Županja which is mostly low fertile and seriously agricultural operations are needed.

Proizvodnja sjemena u PP Orahovici varirala je posljednjih 20-30 godina od 500 do 1,500 ha a danas se u prosjeku organizira na približno 800 ha godišnje. Prije 20-30 godina sjemenarilo se na desetak kultura a danas je sjemenarstvo svedeno na četiri kulture i to: pšenica, ječam, kukuruz i soja te povremeno zob i pšenoraž. Sjemenske pšenice sijemo najviše, u prosjeku oko 400 ha a ostvarujemo dorađenog sjemena u prosjeku 5.5 t/ha. Sjemenskog kukuruza sijemo u prosjeku 130 ha i ostvarujemo prosječno 2.7 t/ha dorađenog sjemena. Poznati smo i kao proizvođači sjemenske soje koju sijemo prosječno na 130 ha a ostvarujemo u prosjeku 2.5 t/ha kvalitetnog dorađenog sjemena kultivara Dore. Sjemenski ječam sijemo na oko 40 ha godišnje i dorađujemo 5.5 t/ha kvalitetnog sjemena. Prosječna godišnja proizvodnja sjemena navedenih kultura je približno 3,100 t. Osim za vlastite potrebe više od polovine sjemena tržimo van tvrtke. Odabir kultivara radimo na temelju makro pokusa i pokusne proizvodnje te zahtjeva tržišta. Sve količine sjemena dorađujemo u vlastitom doradbenom kapacitetu., Seed production at the PP Orahovica was variating in last 20 – 30 years from 500 until 1,500 ha, and nowadays is organized on about 800 ha per year. Before 20 – 30 years seed production was based on 10 species and nowadays is based on four species: wheat, barley, corn and soybean, and occasionally oat and triticale. Seed production of wheat is going on about 400 ha, and average yield is 5.5 t/ha. Corn seed production is going on about 130 ha and average yields are 2.7 t/ha conditioned seed. We are known as a soybean seed producers, and we have about 130 ha of seed crops with 2.5 t/ha as an average yield of quality conditioned seed of cultivar Dora. Seed production of barley is going on about 40 ha per year and average yield is 5.5 t/ha. Average year production of seed is around 3,100 t. Except for our own needs more than half of produced seed is sold. Choosing of cultivars is based on experiments and market demands. All produced seed is conditioned in our own conditioning capacity.

Gorski pelin (Artemisia absinthium L.) višegodišnja je zeljasta biljka čija su ljekovita svojstva poznavali i prije 3000 godina. Na našim prostorima raste samoniklo, a kao samonikla ili kultivirana vrsta rasprostranjen je diljem Europe, Azije i Sjeverne Amerike. U ovom radu prikazujemo raznolikost pelina te mogućnosti uzgoja ove vrste sa specifičnostima tehnološkog postupka proizvodnje., Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L.) is a perennial plant and it has been used as a medicinal plant more than 3000 years. In our country it grows in a spontaneous populations, but as a spontaneous or cultivated plant it is distributed througout Europe, Asia and Northen America. The paper reviews the most important biological characteristics of wormwood, its chemical caracteristics as well as cultivation methods.

Sjeme i sadni materijal temelj su razvitka bilinogojstva i poljodjelstva svake države. Na našim prostorima stručno i znanstveno sjemenski program kontinuirano se razvija od 1893. godine. Razvitak vlastitog sjemena i sadnog materijala kroz povijest imao je svoje sjajne ali i loše trenutke. Proizvodnja i tržništvo sjemena i sadnog materijala tijekom 110 godina zadovoljavala je domaće potrebe ali je osiguravala i izvoz u okolne države, Europu i svijet. U pojedinim razdobljima npr. 1970-1990. god. više se sjemena kukuruza, pšenice, krmnih kultura izvozilo nego se trošilo u domaćoj proizvodnji. Privatizacija poljodjelstva (PlK-ova) imala je negativan trend na razvitak nacionalnog sjemenarstva i rasadničarstva. Nedostaju površine, izolacije, plodored, strategija, poticaji po ugledu na EZ, lokalne i nacionalne bilance za pojedine kulture i sl. pa se nepotrebno uvozi i sjeme i sadni materijal često upitne kakvoće (npr. krumpir, povrće, cvijeće, genetski modificirano sjeme kukuruza - 2004. godine). U radu su prikazani dosadašnji rezultati i moguće smjernice razvitka nacionalnog sjemenskog programa prilagođene vremenu ispred nas., Seed and seedlings are basis for developing plant production and agriculture in every country. The Croatian Seed Programme is continously developing from the year 1893. Development of the seed programme in Croatia through the past had its good, but also bad moments. Seed production through 110 years was enough for our own needs and for export in sourrounding countries. During some time periods, for example 1970-1990 export of corn and wheat seed was bigger than our own needs. Privatization in agriculture was negative for developing of national seed production and nowadays we have lack of good conditions for production, like they are in EU, and the result is import of seed and seedlings usually inadequate quality (e.g. GM corn seed in 2004). In this review present results and some guideline for the future are discussed.

Obični mravinac (Origanum vulgare L.) višegodišnja je vrsta iz porodice usnjača (Lamiaceae). Kao samoniklo bilje rasprostranjen je od mediteranskog dijela Europe do centralne Azije, a kao ljekovita i aromatična biljka upotrebljava se već stoljećima. Velike količine komercijalnog začina, za svjetsko tržište, dobivaju se prikupljanjem biljaka samoniklih populacija, a nekoliko vrsta iz roda Origanum kultivirano je i uzgaja se kao aromatično, ljekovito i ukrasno bilje. U ovom radu prikazujemo morfološku i kemijsku raznolikost običnog mravinca te mogućnosti uzgoja ove vrste sa specifičnostima tehnološkog postupka proizvodnje., Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) is a hardy perennial herb belonging to the Lamiaceae family. lt is widely distributed through Mediterranean area to central Asia and it has been known and used for centuries. Most of the commercial herb is harvested from its spontaneous populations but several Origanum species are nowadays cultivated as culinary herbs, as medicinal plants and as garden plants. The paper reviews the most important biological characteristics of oregano, its chemical caracteristics as well as cultivation methods.

Anis (Pimpinella anisum L.) je zeljasta, jednogodišnja biljka podrijelom iz Sredozemlja. Anis se kao ljekovita biljka koristi još od pradavnih vremena. Sjeme anisa kao i eterično ulje ekstrahirano iz sjemena i lišća se koriste u prehrambenoj industriji. U radu je dan pregled najvažnijih bioloških i kemijskih svojstava anisa kao i uzgojne metode.

Ljekovita anđelika (Angelica archangelica L.) je dvogodišnja ili kratkoživuća višegodišnja biljka iz familije štitarki (Apiaceae). Uzgaja se prvenstveno zbog korijena i podanaka a katkada i zbog listova i polodova. Biljka je podrijetlom iz sjeverne Europe, a raste i u Hrvatskoj uz potoke i rijeke. U mnogim se zemljama uzgaja većinom za dobivanje eteričnog ulja (Aetheroleum angelicae radix) koje se ekstrahira iz korijena. U radu je dan pregled najvažnijih bioloških i kemijskih svojstava ljekovite anđelike kao i uzgojne metode.

Prekomjerno prikupljanje mrazovca (Colchicum autumnale L.) u prirodi ima negativan učinak na očuvanje biljnih genetskih izvora i može dovesti do znatnog smanjenja genetske raznolikosti. Stoga je nužno organizirati oraničnu proizvodnju mrazovca u svrhu povećanja proizvodnje i kvalitete proizvoda. U radu je dan pregled najvažniji bioloških svojstava mrazovca, njegova kemijska svojstva i toksičnost kao i uzgojne metode.

Paprena metvica (Mentha piperita L.) se često koristi u modernoj medicini (lišće, suha herba i eterično ulje) kao i u kozmetičkoj i prehrambenoj industriji. Kultivira se u mnogim zemljama i ima znatnu gospodarsku važnost. Agroklimatski uvjeti u R. Hrvatskoj su vrlo povoljni za proizvodnju paparene metvice, te se mogu postići stabilni prinosi uz visok sadržaj eteričnih ulja. No, paprena metvica je u Hrvatskoj zapostavljena kultura. U ovom je radu dan pregled najvažnijih bioloških i kemijskih svojstava paprene metvice kao i metode uzgoja i prerade.