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This paper aims to explore the relationship between the Big Five model of personality traits and social media usage in a Swedish context. The paper consists of three representative studies of the Swedish population in the age range 16 to 85. In Study 1 (N = 6542), the Big Five personality factors were measured by HP5i. In Study 2 (N = 3322) and Study 3 (N = 3302), the Big Five personality factors were measured by BFI-10. Different personality inventories and time periods for data collection were the basis for the breakdown of the studies. In all three studies, social media usage was measured by a self-reported estimation of frequencies. For each study, correlation matrixes between the study variables were first presented, followed by hierarchical regression analyses to test if personality factors predicted internet users’ social media usage. Gender and age were control variables. Over and above the effects of gender and age, all three studies found that social media usage is positively associated with extraversion. The first two studies also found that social media usage is associated with a high degree of openness to experiences and a low degree of conscientiousness. The reliability of the findings is strengthened through different personality inventories, large-scale representative samples of the Swedish population, and replications over time. However, since personality and social media usage vary between different cultures and time periods, caution should be taken in generalizing the results.

Informed Consent Statement: EC-KMITL_65_095. Data Availability Statement: Not applicable. Copyright © 2023 by the authors.. This article aims to review and identify key challenges and opportunities in the interrelationship between cultural tourism, inclusive design, and digital storytelling fields.. The literature review included searching Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar for three main field keywords, drawing 421 articles between 1990 and 2022. Content analysis was applied to literature findings and five categories with twenty-three themes emerged accordingly: (1) issues in cultural tourism; (2) diversity in museums; (3) inclusive design in museums; (4) motivation in museums; and (5) digital storytelling in museums. The article further discusses the nuanced relationship between these three fields and proposes an initial framework to help future growth of cultural tourism through increasing visitors’ motivation and diversity. As such, the work aims to facilitate cultural tourism as an activity that better reflects the diversity of its potential audiences and proactively addresses their needs, requirements and interests. National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT), grant number N42A650227.

This paper aims to explore forms and types of space in vertical housing in order to support the creation of inclusive living environments for children, through observing children’s activities and the available spaces and facilities. The field observation was carried out in vertical housing and their surrounding environments in Indonesia and Japan. Housing is currently in high demand in Indonesia, but land availability in cities is limited whereas children population in Indonesia has reached about one third of total population. Vertical buildings, thus, become one of feasible solution. Meanwhile Japan, as a developed country, has implemented vertical housing for a long time to meet society’s needs in various places and forms. Housing as a living environment which is suitable for children sometimes receives little attention, especially when there are challenges of limited resources. Therefore there are not many spaces that designated to accommodate various children activities. On the other hand, spaces in vertical housing have their potential to support a child-inclusive living environments. In this study, the qualitative method was employed to explore vertical housing living environments and spaces for children. The results indicated there are three scales of spaces that need to receive attention to the creation of inclusive living environment for children in vertical housing, namely micro, meso, and macro spaces.

V magistrskem delu obravnavam območje Centra IRIS - Centra za izobraževanje, rehabilitacijo, inkluzijo in svetovanje za slepe in slabovidne v Ljubljani. Stavbno tkivo na območju je potrebno prenove, saj zaradi dotrajanosti predstavlja nevarnost za uporabnike in obiskovalce. Stara stavba je pod kulturno zaščito in je del historičnega tkiva vil na območju Mirja, ki ga je potrebno ohranjati. Novejši objekt pa je delo Božidarja Gvardjančiča in je tipičen primer modernistične arhitekture. Obe stavbi ovrednotim kot pomembni arhitekturi, ju ohranim in prenovim. Obstoječa vsebina Centra IRIS je programsko ločena na dva dela, bivalni in izobraževalni del. Vendar pa so se zaradi prostorske stiske in reorganizacije programa vsebine začele prepletati. V zadnjih letih Center IRIS ni le ustanova namenjena slepim in slabovidnim otrokom, ampak tudi otrokom z drugimi težavami v razvoju. Razlog za manjše število slepih in slabovidnih otrok je, da se vse večje število staršev odloča za inkluzijo. Kljub temu nekateri otroci ob vključitvi v redne šole nazadujejo, zato so ustanove kot je obravnavana, zaenkrat še nujno potrebne. Zaradi novih vsebin je za nadaljnji razvoj ustanove potrebna prenova in reorganizacija programa v starih objektih ter zasnova novih prostorov. Snovanje novega objekta temelji na potrebah uporabnikov. Zato je pri načrtovanju poudarek na preprosti orientaciji v prostoru, ki temelji na zaznavanju prostora z vsemi čuti. Težnja po ravnovesju med obstoječim tkivom in novo zasnovo je eno glavnih vodil skozi celotno nalogo, s katero želim ustvariti kvalitetno arhitekturno rešitev. In this thesis, a proposal for the renovation and the extension of IRIS Center - Center for Education, Rehabilitation, Inclusion and Counselling for the Blind and Visually Impaired in Ljubljana will be made. The existing buildings are in need of renovation, as they pose a danger to users and visitors due to their dilapidation. The old building is under cultural protection and is part of the historical fabric of villas in the Mirje area. The newer building is the work of Božidar Gvardjančič and is a typical example of modernist architecture. Both buildings are quality examples of architecture from their time period which is why I have decided to preserve and renovate them. The existing content of the IRIS Center is programmatically divided into two parts, residential and educational. However, due to space constraints and the reorganization of the program, the contents began to overlap. In recent years, the IRIS Center has not only been an institution dedicated to blind and partially sighted children but also to children with other developmental problems. The reason for the reduced number of blind and partially sighted children in the Center is that an increasing number of parents choose inclusive education for their children. Nevertheless, some children regress when enrolled in regular schools, which is why institutions such as the one discussed are still vital. Due to the new content, the further development of the institution requires the renovation and reorganization of the program in the old facilities and the design of new spaces. The proposed extension is based on the needs of the users. Therefore, the emphasis is on simple orientation in space, which is based on the perception of space with all the senses. The balance between old and new is one of the main guidelines throughout the entire task, with which I want to create a quality architectural solution.

Inclusive design research and practice seeks to make tasks of everyday living more accessible for everyone. Identifying Performance Shaping Factors (PSFs) and assessing their impact on performance is central to estimating difficulty and potential exclusion from everyday tasks. The analysis of human characteristics in this context is challenging because much of the existing capability data is fragmented and limited regarding how it can be validly used to predict exclusion. This dissertation presents an exploratory framework for examining the extent to which task demands, age and capability PSFs impact performance and difficulty undertaking everyday tasks. This research involved a physical hand-based task demand-capability framework which is important because the hands are often a central feature for performing a broad range of everyday tasks. An initial study involved developing a Hand Action Framework (HAF) to categorize hand actions used and explain performance using a proposed “strength x dexterity” capability approach. The task demands PSF was found to drive hand actions used across tasks and the level of Task Quality (TQ) achieved. That said, the impact of the Age PSF was not significant for these submaximal task demands. Study 2 included an evolving HAF which now incorporated a dimension of “user cost” which was decomposed into measures of task difficulty and task exertion which informed the analysis of difficulty associated with task performance. Task demand continued to drive hand actions used and although the PSF of age was not significant in shaping performance there was an emerging impact in this study for age on user cost with older participants reporting increased user cost difficulty handling heavier objects suggesting they were approaching the boundary of their performance capability. Increasing task demands (i.e., object weight) in a third study resulted in significant additional PSF impacts of age and capability on performance achieved and difficulty experienced with a disproportionately higher impact on older participants. Encouragingly, the Hand Action Framework (HAF) accounted for all hand actions used by all participants across a range of lifting and pouring tasks. A fourth study incorporated improvements including an increased number of people over 60 years and narrower age categories enabling a more robust analysis of older age. Six additional precision tasks were included to provide a broader range of everyday tasks. Results demonstrated the HAF captured a range of hand actions used with PSF of task demands, age and capability having a significant impact on hand actions used, performance achieved and user cost experienced. An important development involved an exploration of how Ergonomic Assessment Methods (EAMs) and Rehabilitation Assessment Methods (RAMs) could be applied from different contexts of use to explain performance achieved and difficulty experienced for the current research which provided a profound insight into how these EAMs and RAMs could be integrated into the assessment of performance and difficulty for everyday tasks context of use.

Universal Design (UD) is promoted internationally for the design of public playgrounds that support outdoor play, social participation, and inclusion. Despite this international recognition of UD, there is a lack of research evidence concerning the applicability of UD for playground design. Instead, municipalities need to rely on best practice guidelines to inform the design of public playgrounds for inclusion. Internationally, numerous grey literature guidelines have been produced for designing public playgrounds for inclusion, resulting in a lack of consensus on core principles for applying UD. Thus, this scoping review study aimed to synthesise findings from a review of international grey literature guidelines to strengthen the knowledgebase for designing public playgrounds for inclusion. Three themes were identified that characterise core considerations for good design: (1) design approaches, (2) design principles and (3) design recommendations. Although UD is recognised as having potential to support the design of public playgrounds, inconsistent design approaches, principles, and recommendations, were communicated within these guideline documents. Still, the core concept of inclusion underpinned all guideline documents and a tailored application of UD dominated. Consequently, to fully realise the design of public playgrounds for inclusion, UD may need to be tailored for play; however, further research is required.

Inclusive design (ID) is a design process that ensures that all people, particularly marginalized groups, can use the environment. Inclusive design (ID) in architecture is based on accurate data related to user experiences where the users’ perception of the built environment demonstrates the optimal facilitation of their expectations, needs, and demands. Despite this, in studies about inclusive design and multisensory architecture, the perspective of visually impaired people (VIP) is still lacking, especially in accessing public spaces. To address this gap, this study aims to investigate how sighted and visually impaired people perceive an oasis settlement urban park’s physical environment and verify the similarities and differences between these two categories. The research was conducted by applying two approaches, one qualitative based on a series of field surveys and the other quantitative relying on in situ measurements of the physical dimensions of the environment. The main findings of this study show that visually impaired people deserve special consideration due to their varying abilities to perceive the surrounding environment. Furthermore, the results indicate that auditory environments are more perceptible to the visually impaired than the sighted. In contrast, findings from the analysis of the perceived restorativeness scale (PRS-11) show that sighted users of the park have a slightly higher average score than visually impaired users regarding its components of Fascination, Being-Away, Coherence, and Scope. According to the Semantic Differential Scale of Multi-Variable Evaluation of the Park Environment, there are no significant differences between park users’ perceptions of the park’s nature and the thermal environment. The conclusion suggests that to ensure users’ well-being, it is crucial to understand the different individual needs among groups of users and come up with innovative and all-inclusive solutions.

Dissertação de mestrado em Design de Produto e Serviços, A sexualidade das pessoas com deficiências motoras é um tema ainda pouco abordado, mas carregado de oportunidades para intervenções que atendam a necessidades físicas, psicológicas, e sociais de prazer e bem-estar. Este trabalho procura perceber as necessidades de mulheres com deficiências motoras relativas à sua sexualidade, com vista a explorar como o Design pode intervir nesta área de forma apropriada, desejável, e em prol dos seus direitos e bem-estar sexual. As mulheres ainda são muito julgadas pela sua sexualidade, o que sugere que a liberdade sexual de mulheres com deficiência pode ser ainda mais difícil de atingir, sendo este trabalho mais um contributo nessa luta. Decidiu-se focar em mulheres com deficiência motora nesta pesquisa, optando por uma abordagem que permitisse uma aproximação maior às suas realidades e aos seus desejos. Para tal, fez-se uma revisão da literatura sobre as pessoas com deficiência e a sua sexualidade, complementada por várias vertentes do Design que beneficiam com a máxima de Design Centrado no Utilizador. O trabalho de campo, de carácter qualitativo, constou na realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas a seis mulheres com deficiência motora. Uma análise temática dos dados através de diagrama de afinidades resultou em 13 temas, com um total de 54 subtemas, agrupados em fatores contextuais e fatores individuais. Os resultados confirmam a existência de falsas ideias de que as pessoas com deficiência são assexuadas, incapazes de ter relações, infantilizadas e vistas à margem de uma vida dita normal; a sua sexualidade é também muitas vezes negligenciada por profissionais médicos e outras pessoas dentro do contexto. Mas as participantes neste estudo referem que gostam de sexo e que pretendem continuar a explorar esta área, mesmo tendo algumas capacidades afetadas e alterações na sensibilidade. Especificamente, elas realçaram a falta de informação apropriada e de soluções adequadas. Com base nalguns requisitos mencionados pelas participantes, desenvolveu-se uma proposta concetual direcionada a estas mulheres com deficiência motoras: um kit de três brinquedos sexuais para ajudar na exploração de várias áreas do corpo e um serviço de informação, participação, e personalização associado. Esta dissertação defende que o Design pode ter um papel importante nesta área, tanto para proporcionar soluções adequadas como para auscultar e responder às necessidades de mulheres com deficiência motora., The sexuality of people with motor disabilities remains an underexplored topic, although it is ripe with opportunities for interventions that meet physical, psychological, and social needs for pleasure and well-being. This project seeks to understand the needs of women with motor disabilities in relation to their sexuality, to explore how Design can intervene in this area in appropriate and desirable ways that uphold their sexual rights and wellbeing. Women are still harshly judged for their sexuality, which suggests that the sexual freedom of women with disabilities may be even more difficult to achieve, and this work is yet another contribution to this fight. The choice of focus for this research was on women with motor disabilities, with care taken to select an approach that would allow a rich understanding of their realities and desires. To this end, a review of the literature on people with disabilities and their sexuality was carried out and supplemented with various fields of Design that benefit from the User Centred Design principle. The qualitative fieldwork comprised semi-structured interviews with six women with motor disabilities. A thematic analysis of the data through an affinity diagram resulted in 13 themes, with a total of 54 sub-themes, grouped into contextual factors and individual factors. The results confirm the existence of false ideas that people with disabilities are asexual, incapable of having sex, infantilized and seen as being on the fringes of a so-called normal life; their sexuality is also often overlooked by medical professionals and other actors in this context. But the participants in this study said that they enjoy sex and that they intend to continue exploring this area, even with different abilities and changes in sensitivity. Specifically, they highlighted the lack of appropriate information and adequate solutions. Based on some requirements mentioned by the participants, a concept was developed for women with motor disabilities: a kit containing three sex toys to encourage exploration of various areas of the body and an associated information, participation, and personalization service. This dissertation argues that Design can play an important role in this area, to provide adequate solutions but also to listen and respond to the needs of women with motor disabilities.

The design of the built environment of a healthcare setting impacts all users. As a result, it is becoming common practice to design and create healthcare environments that are inclusive of the needs of patients, staff and visitors. Trans- lating how people interact with the environment into design requires a theoretical, methodological level of understanding the dynamics within the built environment. There are a number of social science concepts, methods and frameworks that demonstrate how individuals interact with environments. The aim of this chapter is to establish human geography, with a focus on indoor mobility and the con- cept of activity space, as a theoretical concept to explore the spatial and temporal movements of users of indoor healthcare environments. This new knowledge of spatial behavior can provide valuable insights into how indoor healthcare facilities work in practice and inform future design solutions based on users’ needs.

Η παρούσα εργασία αφορά μια έρευνα γύρω από τη δημόσια αρχιτεκτονική και πως αυτή επηρεάζει την ψυχική και σωματική υγεία των γυναικών, ΑμΕΑ, παιδιών και ηλικιωμένων. Η παρούσα ερευνητική εργασία ερευνά το πως οι δημόσιοι χώροι επηρεάζουν την ψυχική και σωματική υγεία των χρηστών τους. Συγκεκριμένα επικεντρώνεται σε τέσσερις κατηγορίες χρηστών οι οποίες δεν λαμβάνονται υπόψιν στον σχεδιασμό των δημοσίων χώρων. Οι κατηγορίες αυτές είναι οι γυναίκες, τα παιδιά , τα ΑμΕΑ και οι ηλικιωμένοι. Οι δημόσιοι χώροι κατασκευάζονται πλέον εντελώς εμπορικά και με πρότυπο σχεδιασμού έναν μεσήλικα λευκό καλοστεκούμενο άντρα. Συνεπώς οι γυναίκες, αρχικά, δε βρίσκουν συνήθως δημόσια μέρη να ξεκουραστούν και να χαλαρώσουν οποιαδήποτε ώρα της ημέρας χωρίς να έχουν μονίμως μια ανησυχία στο μυαλό τους, εάν θα τους επιτεθεί κάποιος που πιθανώς μπορεί να κρύβεται πίσω από τους πυκνό-φυτεμένους θάμνους και στο κακοφωτισμένο πάρκο. Επιπλέον οι δημόσιοι χώροι υγιεινής αλλά και φροντίδας βρεφών δεν ανταποκρίνονται στις ανάγκες της καθημερινότητας τους. Δεύτερον, όσον αφορά τα παιδιά, η κλίμακα αλλάζει, μικραίνει. Αυτό όμως είναι κάτι το οποίο δε λαμβάνεται ιδιαίτερα υπόψιν στον σχεδιασμό παιδικών χαρών, ή άλλων δημόσιων χώρων που αφορούν τη παιδική ηλικία. Αυτό που παρατηρείται είναι κακοφτιαγμένα παιχνίδια και καθίσματα τα οποία δεν ανταποκρίνονται στην κλίμακα των παιδιών. Επιπλέον οι δρόμοι δεν κλείνουν ορισμένες ώρες για δημόσιο παιχνίδι. Κάτι το οποίο είναι αρκετά προβληματικό για τα παιδιά καθώς μπορεί να υπάρχουν αρκετά ατυχήματα με μακροπρόθεσμο αποτέλεσμα οι γονείς να μην τα ενθαρρύνουν να βγουν να παίξουν έξω με τους φίλους τους εφόσον θεωρούν επικίνδυνους τους δημόσιους χώρους. Τρίτον, περνώντας στα ΑμΕΑ, παρατηρείται έντονα η έλλειψη συμπεριληπτικού σχεδιασμού στους δημόσιους χώρους, κατάλληλου για άτομα με κινητικά, νοητικά, οπτικοακουστικά προβλήματα. Παράλληλα μπορεί κανείς να παρατηρήσει και την έλλειψη καλοφτιαγμένων πεζοδρομίων, και τα τραπεζάκια από μαγαζιά σε δημόσια πεζοδρόμια τα οποία δεν διευκολύνουν τη διέλευση ατόμων με ειδικές ανάγκες. Τέταρτον, οι ηλικιωμένοι αποτελούν κυριολεκτικά τη λιγότερο συμπεριλαμβανόμενη, έως ανύπαρκτη, κατηγορία στον σχεδιασμό δημόσιων χώρων, καθώς δεν υπάρχουν υποδομές στους δημόσιους χώρους για δραστηριότητες ηλικιωμένων ατόμων. Τέλος, στην παρούσα ερευνητική εργασία αναφέρονται επιτυχημένα παραδείγματα του εξωτερικού στους δημόσιους χώρους για τις τέσσερις αυτές κατηγορίες ανθρώπων. This thesis investigates how public spaces affect the mental and physical health of their users. Specifically, it focuses on four categories of users that are not considered taken into consideration as much as needed in the design the planning of public spaces. These categories are women, children, the disabled and the elderly. Public spaces are now constructed entirely commercially and with a middle-aged white well-to-do male as the design model. Therefore women, in the first place, do not usually find public places to rest and relax at any hour of the day without having a constant worry in their minds, whether they will be attacked by someone who may possibly be hiding behind the thickly-planted bushes and in the poorly-lit park. In addition, the public hygiene and baby care areas do not meet the needs of their daily life. Second, when it comes to children, the scale is changing, it gets smaller. But this is something that is not particularly taken into account in the design of playgrounds, or other public spaces that concern childhood. Rather we observe poorly made toys and benches which do not correspond to the scale of the children. In addition, the streets are not closed at certain times for public play. Which is quite problematic for children as there may be accidents with the long term effect of parents not encouraging them to go out and play with their friends as they consider public places to be dangerous. Thirdly, regarding the disabled, the lack of inclusive planning in public spaces, suitable for people with mobility, mental, audio-visual problems, is strongly observed. At the same time, one can also notice the lack of well-made sidewalks, and the tables from shops on public sidewalks which do not facilitate the passage of people with special needs. Fourth, elderly is literally the least included category in the design of public spaces, to the point of non-existence. There is no infrastructure in public spaces for activities of older people. Finally, in this thesis analyses successful, well-designed examples in public spaces for these four categories of people from European and other cities worldwide. 1. ΕΙΣΑΓΩΓΗ 1.1 Αφορμή - Αντικείμενο της εργασίας 2. ΜΕΡΟΣ Ι 2.1. Ορισμός - Εισαγωγή στην έννοια των δημόσιων χώρων - Γιατί είναι σημαντικοί; - Πως λειτουργούν; 2.2. : Οι χρήστες των δημόσιων χώρων και ποια η ψυχολογική και σωματική επίδραση των ανοιχτών δημόσιων χώρων σε όλες τις παρακάτω κατηγορίες χρηστών. 2.3 : Γυναικείο φύλο 2.4 : ΑμΕΑ 2.5 : Παιδιά 2.6 : Ηλικιωμένοι 3. ΜΕΡΟΣ ΙΙ 3.1. : Επιτυχημένα παραδείγματα ανοιχτών δημόσιων χώρων σε πόλεις του εξωτερικού. 4. ΜΕΡΟΣ ΙΙΙ 4.1. : Επιτυχημένα παραδείγματα ανοιχτών δημόσιων χώρων σε πόλεις της Ελλάδας. - Γιατί θεωρούνται επιτυχημένα για γυναίκες, ΑΜΕΑ, την 3η ηλικακή ομάδα και τα παιδιά ; 4.2. : Η Ελληνική Περίπτωση 5. ΣΥΜΠΕΡΑΣΜΑΤΑ 6. ΒΙΒΛΙΟΓΡΑΦΙΑ 72 σ.

Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is one of the most prevalent cardiac diseases in the world. How might we design patient journeys improving quality of life using wearable cardiac devices for continuous out of hospital monitoring and support? Most of the studies to date have emphasised the technical aspects of implementing such devices with less focus on human factors. As such, remote cardiac monitoring appears to be burdened by poor patient adherence. This research study proposed a journey map based on Roger’s technology adoption model to understand the challenges faced by AF patients and non/asymptomatic patients in using wearable devices to monitor their health. Data from semi-structured interviews conducted in Denmark with 12 participants aged 24 to 65 years was used. Interview results show that citizens prefer tracking heart activity only in conjunction with other measures such as steps or sleep and do not feel motivated to track their heart activity on a daily basis. Patients view wearables as a valuable tool to check if their health is all right, although apprehension that devices can cause unnecessary worry can lead to their rejection. Finally, recommendations for the design of patient journeys when using wearables were made.

This work deals with the design of an indoor environment dedicated to autistic individuals, who may suffer from hypersensitivity to acoustic stimuli. Specifically, in this volume customized pieces of furniture are included, containing smart sensors, designed to help people with cognitive deficits to live an independent life. Among the indoor comfort aspects, the acoustic requirements have been investigated, in order to guarantee both the optimal functioning of the acoustic sensors and the acoustic occupants’ well-being. The optimal indoor acoustic levels are based on a literature review. Measurements are performed in order to calibrate a 3D acoustic model. Then diverse scenarios are analysed, and an optimized configuration is proposed and realized. The model is then validated with the final acoustic measurements, which confirm the designed results.

Several studies have indicated that children who grow up in green environments enjoy beneficial impacts on their development. However, to date, very little attention has been paid to the types and characteristics of dedicated public open green space for children. In addition, studies on biophilic design that could help landscape architects to design open spaces for children are limited. In order to fill this gap, this perspective examines the scientific literature on the relationship between open spaces and children. The authors specifically discuss and analyze the following points: (1) pathways to and effects on children’s health and well-being; (2) types and characteristics of open spaces for child-dedicated facilities (e.g., schools, hospitals, fitness camps, playgrounds, etc.), as well as for child-friendly urban open spaces. Finally, the authors provide inspiring examples and case studies of biophilic design for children’s health and well-being. Conclusions from this perspective show that biophilic design could benefit both the physical and mental health of children, as well as improve children’s overall resilience to pandemics and other diseases. This perspective provides, for the first time, new insights for designing biophilic and child-friendly cities, and explores areas of future research.

Objectives:The presented work arises in the context of designing for individuals with visual impairment, specifically we refer to a target group of children from two to seven years of age. The study was conducted with the contribution of the XXX research group within the XXX project funded by the European Community (2020-2023), with the aim of creating a specific curriculum for training the profession of a visual rehabilitator for children. In this perspective, the paper shows a practical case study carried out through the simulation technique at XXX.The approach that would be applied to this course is innovative, as it involves the immersive and experiential participation of students and the adoption of the most advanced training technologies in the field of simulation.In order to proceed with the implementation of the experiment, the contribution of multiple figures, such as expert designers, doctors, ophthalmologists, psychologists, and visual rehabilitators, was planned, creating a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary study. The ultimate goal is to provide students with standardized criteria for assessing and intervening appropriately within the living spaces of the child with visual impairment.Methods:The preliminary phase involved the simulation of a typical home environment for the considered target, specifically the set-up of a children's bedroom. The set-up of XXX is based on a movie set. Equipped with the most advanced technologies, it allows for the recording and creation of digital content (real-time recordings) and the configuration of environments, such as the arrangement and number of furnishings and the variation of ambient brightness, which are fundamental elements to ensure the autonomy of actions such as eating, playing, washing and orienting oneself, planned in each educational module.Specifically, the bedroom was set up with basic and standard elements, trying to recreate a real context in the most realistic way. The furniture included a bed, a bedside table, a small table for playing, a small chair, a bookshelf, a desk, various soft toys and games, two closets with sliding doors, and a desk chair.The entrance door and a window were also simulated in the room.The placement of the various elements within the room was designed based on the needs of visually impaired and blind children and the experimentation was divided into two moments characterized by two different setups. The first set-up involved a glaring light setting and the selection of objects that were difficult to distinguish, then the environment was modified through the use of contrasting elements, visual markers, and appropriate lighting through dimmable lights.Results:The experiment, which took place as part of the activities of TWP4 - Task 4.2 Lesson Plan Development: guides and plans for teachers supporting the localization of the curriculum, was carried out by a series of students from various European countries who participated in both paths (first the one with the impediments and then the simplified one) wearing specific glasses capable of simulating visual impairment.During the experimentation, we asked the students to complete some tasks, such as writing their names on a sheet of paper, turning off the light, searching for some object and taking it to other places in the room.At the end of each path, and then once the tasks had been completed, the participants had to fill in an accessibility evaluation form through which define the level of difficulty of the tasks and give suggestions for improving the existing set-up in terms of placement or choice of furniture, materials, lighting, color contrasts, pathways, and tactility.Through this experimentation, the data collected enabled the research team to understand possible modifications to be made to the environment and to identify elements that could make the experiment reproducible in various domestic settings, in order to define a protocol for adapting the spaces to the needs of the target audience.

This thesis focuses on creating an interactive installation as immersive experience for hearing-impaired user. To date, little research has been conducted especially on interactive (sound) installation for impaired visitors, particularly these visitors with hearing impairments or who are hard-of hearing. Based on literature research and a case study, a new lighting design proposal was developed for Soundforest, an interactive musical installation at Scenkonstmuseet in Stockholm, Sweden. The audio-experience is enhanced ambient lighting, which alters in brightness depending on the interaction of visitors. For evaluation, a prototype was set up in the installation space and tested by one participant. The first testing leads to the assumption that the additional layer of ambient lighting can enhance the emotional experience of the visitors. The results show that the test person had great pleasure in interacting with the prototype. Still, to develop a full picture of the consequences and emotional effects, additional research is required.

Although accessibility benefits all users of the web, irrespective of their abilities and disabilities, many web applications fail to fulfill basic accessibility requirements. Designers and developers need to improve their work with accessibility in order for digital inclusion to be possible. This thesis investigated how a design system can support them in producing accessible applications. It used a design approach to formulate an accessibility methodology for creating and maintaining a design system. Interviews and ideation workshops were held to understand the problem and generate solutions. A methodology was put together and evaluated through expert reviews, focus grouping, and user testing. The thesis resulted in 10 guidelines for how to promote accessibility through a design system. Central to the guidelines was that companies adapt the work with accessibility to their specific situation, by setting their own goals and creating tools for the different stages of the employees' work processes. The thesis concluded a design system can help designers and developers not feel overwhelmed by accessibility requirements, and focus on what is relevant to the task they are currently performing. A design system that is merely a storage for components can only assist designers and developers with a fraction of the accessibility requirements. Greater potential is held by a design system that is made into a platform for accessibility, by providing guidance on how to use components and being referenced in testing procedures. Trots att tillgänglighet gynnar alla användare, oavsett förmåga eller funktionsnedsättning, uppfyller många webbapplikationer inte grundläggande tillgänglighetskrav. För att digital inkludering ska vara möjlig, behöver designers och utvecklare förbättra sitt arbete med tillgänglighet. Detta examensarbete undersökte hur ett designsystem kan stötta dem med att producera tillgängliga applikationer. Med ett angreppssätt vanligt för design, tog det fram en tillgänglighetsmetodik för att skapa och underhålla designsystem. Intervjuer och idéworkshops hölls för att förstå problemet och generera lösningar. En metodik sammanställdes och utvärderades genom expertutvärderingar, fokusgrupp och användartester. Examensarbetet resulterade i 10 riktlinjer kring att främja tillgänglighet genom ett designsystem. Centralt för riktlinjerna var att företag ska anpassa tillgängligh-etsarbetet till deras specifika situation, genom att sätta egna mål och skapa verktyg för de olika stadierna av medarbetarnas arbetsprocess. Examensarbetet kom till slutsatsen att ett designsystem kan hjälpa designers och utvecklare undvika att överväldigas av tillgänglighetskrav, och fokusera på vad som är relevant för den aktuella uppgiften de utför. Ett designsystem som enbart är ett förvar för komponenter kan bara stötta designers och utvecklare med en bråkdel av tillgänglighetskraven. Ett designsystem som blir en plattform för tillgänglighet, genom att ge handledning för hur komponenter ska användas och genom att refereras till i testrutiner, har högre potential.

The contribution presents the results of a design driven research about the topic of co-evolution between space, nature and society, focusing on a Milanese fringe, in which human activities and natural capital co-exist with no dialogue. The project assumes the new European Bauhaus as a framework, reflecting upon the spatialization of theoretical instances aimed at the physical impacts of a co-evolutionary transformation. The output of the research is the promotion of design actions for a resilient landscape prototype, linking productive activities to natural and social capital, through circular and Nature-based solutions. Thus, attention is given to spatial configurations that aim to increase biodiversity in human settlement, through the design of ecological corridors, and to inclusiveness, in the redesign of former industrial facilities and local community habitats.

Det är ungefär 1 300 000 personer i Sverige som är diagnostiserade med någon form av neuropsykiatrisk funktionsnedsättning, som autism, adhd, dyslexi m.m. Det innebär svårigheter med bl.a. att prioritera, planera, minnas och koncentrera sig, vilket kan leda till stress, svårigheter att utföra uppgifter och att viktiga saker glöms bort. Dagens planeringsverktyg uppfyller inte heller den här gruppens behov eftersom kalendrar, listor och påminnelser vanligen är komplicerade att använda och utspridda i flera appar eller även enheter. De har också ofta för mycket text, dålig översikt och otillräckliga påminnelser. Detta examensarbete handlar om att skapa ett tydlig och visuellt planeringsverktyg för adhd och autistiska personer. Vi som gjort projektet är två Teknisk designstudenter på Luleå Tekniska Universitet och vi är också del av målgruppen. Vi har båda svårigheter med planering m.m. vilket ger oss insikt i ämnet och vi tycker också att det finns flera problem med de nuvarande planeringsverktygen som gör dem ineffektiva och frustrerande att använda. Informationen om målgruppen är baserad på intervjuer, efterforskning samt egna upplevelser. I det här arbetet har vi också haft deltagande design-workshops tillsammans med flera av de vi intervjuat för att ge målgruppen mer inflytande över resultatet och ge dem något de vill ha. Workshoparna har involverat brainstorming, skissning, feedback och flera användartest under hela arbetet. En delvis interaktiv digital prototyp av det slutliga konceptet har också sammanställts som visar exakt hur allt ska se ut och fungera. Resultatet av projektet är Clearly Calendar, ett planeringsverktyg utvecklat för neuroatypiska personer som har behov av struktur och påminnelser. Det är en app som ger en tydlig överblick över kommande aktiviteter och är som snabb att använda tack vare sitt förhandsgjorda prioriteringssystem och sin genomgående enkelhet. Till skillnad från exempelvis Google Calendar har Clearly Calendar en visualisering av tid och aktiviteter, och till skillnad från en vanlig almanacka har den påminnelser. Dessutom inkluderar den både kalender, alarm och listor som samverkar. Clearly Calendar är utformad för att stödja inom dessa områden genom att vara visuellt tydlig, smidig att använda, och ge användaren ett enkelt sätt att prioritera aktiviteter och se vad som är viktigast just nu. There are about 1.3 million people in Sweden who are diagnosed with some form of neuropsychiatric disability like autism, adhd, dyslexia etc. It involves difficulties with for example prioritizing, planning, remembering and concentration which can lead to stress, difficulties performing tasks and important things being forgotten. The current planning tools are also not fulfilling this group's needs because calendars, lists and reminders usually are complex to use and spread out over multiple apps or even units. They also often have too much text, bad overview and inadequate reminders. This examination project is about creating a clear and visual planning tool for adhd and autistic people. We who have done the project are two Industrial design engineering students at Luleå Technical University and we are also part of the target group. We both have our struggles with planning etc. which gives insight into the subject and we also think there are many problems with the current planning tools which makes them inefficient and frustrating to use. The information about the target group is based on interviews, research and our own experience. In this project we have also had co-design workshops together with some of the people we have interviewed to give the target group more input over the final design and give them something they want. The workshops have included brainstorming, sketching, feedback and multiple user tests throughout the project. A semi- functional digital prototype of the final concept has also been made that shows exactly how everything is supposed to look and function. The result of the project is Clearly Calendar, a planning tool developed for neurodivergent people who need structure and reminders. It is an app that gives a clear overview of upcoming activities and is quick to use thanks to its pre-made priority system and its overall simplicity. Unlike for example Google Calendar, Clearly Calendar has a visualization for time and activities, and unlike a paper calendar it includes reminders. It also includes a calendar, alarms and to-do lists that are integrated with each other. Clearly Calendar is designed to help in these areas by being visually clear and easy to use, and give the user an easy way to prioritize activities and see what is most important right now.

Designing effective products and services requires a sensitive understanding of the people for whom you are designing. There are a number of established approaches for achieving this, all of which are predicated on notions of community participation in research and development work. However, such participatory approaches are often deemed to be too specialized and time-consuming to be used at scale. Taking the opportunity generated by four concurrent RiseWise secondments in Guimarães, Portugal, we developed, trialled, and evaluated a framework for working together across disciplines and levels of experience, and with a local community of older adults. This chapter details this work and makes two key contributions. In describing our approach to engaging with a diverse group of older people through their local community association, we first provide a framework for inclusive and efficient community involvement. Secondly, we reflect on the experience of consolidating approaches and knowledge across disciplines within the research team, and on the impact that working closely with the community had on the research team., RiseWise (Marie Skłodowska-Curie Research and Innovation Staff Exchange under grant agreement 690874)

Çocuk bahçeleri kent içerisindeki konumları, erişilebilirlikleri ve her mahallede bulunma sıklıkları göz önünde alındığında hem hitap ettikleri kullanıcı grupları hem de kullanıcı gruplarına refakat eden yetişkinler için önemli kamusal alanlardandır. Kullanıcı gruplarının eşit şartlarda sosyalleşebilmeleri için bu alanların engelli, geçici engelli ve engelsiz tüm bireyler için ortaklaşa ve ayırım gözetilmeden kullanabilecekleri şekilde tasarlanması amacıyla belirlenen evrensel tasarım kriterlerine göre düzenlenmiş olmaları gerekmektedir. Çalışma kapsamında evrensel tasarım kriterleri ve ana hatları çocuk bahçelerinin kamusal alan olma durumları perspektifinden irdelenmiştir. Çocuk bahçelerinin evrensel tasarım kriterlerine uygun tasarlanma prensipleri bir örnek üzerinden incelenmiştir. Aynı örnek üzerinde evrensel tasarım kriterlerini bütünleyici özellikteki sosyalleşme doygunluğunu arttıracak ve daha nitelikli kamusal mekân üretimini sağlayacak ilave prensipler irdelenmiştir. Bu şekilde evrensel tasarım kriterleri çatısı altında düzenlenen çocuk bahçelerinin tüm çocuk kullanıcıların saygınlıklarını güvence altına alan ve sağlıklı sosyalleşmeyi sağlayan alanlar olabileceği vurgulanmıştır. Children's playgrounds are critical public spaces for both the user groups they address and the adults accompanying the user groups, considering their location in the city, their accessibility, and the frequency of their presence in each neighborhood. For user groups to socialize under similar conditions, these areas should be arranged according to the universal design criteria designed so that they can be used jointly and without discrimination for all disabled, temporarily disabled, and non-disabled individuals. Within the scope of the study, universal design criteria and outlines were examined from the perspective of the status of children's gardens as public spaces. The principles of designing children's gardens by universal design criteria were reviewed through an example. In the same standard, additional guides complement the universal design criteria, increase the saturation of socialization, and produce more qualified public spaces are examined. In this way, it has been emphasized that children's gardens, which are organized under the umbrella of universal design criteria, can be areas that ensure the dignity of all child users and provide healthy socialization.

The number of blind older adults is gradually increasing with the aging of world’s population, and their needs and perception of sound are specific. This study investigated the behavioral activities of blind older adults and the dominant sound sources through on-site observation of an all-blind nursing home in China, and it used semi-structured interviews to obtain the sound perceptions of blind older adults. The findings showed that the daily behavioral activities can be categorized into basic living activity, leisure activity, social activity; and physical activity. The dominant sound sources included human, equipment, informational, and environmental sounds. This study developed a sound perception model of blind older adults in nursing homes, which takes three levels: sound requirements, acoustic environment, and sound cognition. Firstly, the blind older adults have a basic understanding of sound from the perspective of their living needs, then they feel the sound environment from the perspective of the living environment, and finally, they perceive the acoustic environment from the dimension of sound cognition in conjunction with contextual memory. This study sheds a light on the aural diversity of older adults, which is expected to support the inclusive design of nursing homes for older adults with visual impairments.

We report on the results of the second-year study of an interdisciplinary, international collaboration among students and instructors at one European and two US universities. The purpose of the study was to examine whether our changing four pedagogical elements from Year 1 to Year 2 affected the students’ perceptions of learning. The primary purpose of the pedagogical collaboration itself was to involve students in authentic collaborative learning activities intended to support them in developing an understanding of disability and accessibility concepts in a business context. Students in a business English course proposed start-up companies and created business plans for their ventures. Students in an introductory professional writing course designed websites for the planned businesses, while students in a gateway technical communication course served as advisors to the other two classes regarding how to make the proposed businesses and websites accessible to people with disabilities. We collected quantitative and qualitative data through pre- and post-project surveys. These data were supplemented with qualitative data from student interactions, student submissions (work products), video conference meeting minutes, and instructors’ notes. The analysis revealed that students reported increased awareness of disability and openness to finding solutions for accessibility issues.

Background Despite substantial investment in step-free access at UK railway stations, persons with reduced mobility (PRMs) continue to travel less than their able-bodied counterparts and little is known about the value of step-free access. This research examines the benefits of step-free access and its relationship with rail usage among PRMs, and the wider benefits of railway station accessibility. Methods These issues are explored through a mixed methods approach. Semi-structured interviews with ten key organisations were undertaken, as was an analysis of Senior/Disabled Persons Railcard data from 17 railway stations in Buckinghamshire, each with varying levels of step-free accessibility. Results The results show that the benefits of step-free access extend beyond benefits at the individual level typically associated with those limited to PRMs, and demonstrate the potential to positively affect the society at large economically, environmentally, and socially. The findings also show a positive correlation between the level of step-free accessibility at a railway station and the percentage of PRMs using it. Conclusions This research argues that government and interested stakeholders should commit to expanding the number and coverage of step-free stations throughout the UK. They should ensure that the appraisal process for investment in step-free accessibility appropriately captures both user and non-user benefits.

Handing over objects is a collaborative task that requires participants to synchronize their actions in terms of space and time, as well as their adherence to social standards. If one participant is a social robot and the other a visually impaired human, actions should favorably be coordinated by voice. User requirements for such a Voice-User Interface (VUI), as well as its required structure and content, are unknown so far. In our study, we applied the user-centered design process to develop a VUI for visually impaired humans and humans with full sight. Iterative development was conducted with interviews, workshops, and user tests to derive VUI requirements, dialog structure, and content. A final VUI prototype was evaluated in a standardized experiment with 60 subjects who were visually impaired or fully sighted. Results show that the VUI enabled all subjects to successfully receive objects with an error rate of only 1.8%. Likeability and accuracy were evaluated best, while habitability and speed of interaction were shown to need improvement. Qualitative feedback supported and detailed results, e.g., how to shorten some dialogs. To conclude, we recommend that inclusive VUI design for social robots should give precise information for handover processes and pay attention to social manners.

Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Blood pressure (BP) dysregulation is a known risk factor, and home-based BP monitoring is increasingly used, but the usability of digital health devices to measure BP among glaucoma patients is not well studied. There may be particular usability challenges among this group, given that glaucoma disproportionately affects the elderly and can cause visual impairment. Therefore, the goal of this mixed-methods study was to assess the usability of a smart watch digital health device for home BP monitoring among glaucoma patients. Adult participants were recruited and given a smartwatch blood pressure monitor for at-home use. The eHEALS questionnaire was used to determine baseline digital health literacy. After a week of use, participants assessed the usability of the BP monitor and related mobile app using the Post-study System Usability Questionnaire (PSSUQ) and the System Usability Scale (SUS), standardized instruments to measure usability in health information technology interventions. Variations in scores were evaluated using ANOVA and open-ended responses about participants’ experience were analyzed thematically. Overall, usability scores corresponded to the 80th–84th percentile, although older patients endorsed significantly worse usability based on quantitative scores and additionally provided qualitative feedback describing some difficulty using the device. Usability for older patients should be considered in the design of digital health devices for glaucoma given their disproportionate burden of disease and challenges in navigating digital health technologies, although the overall high usability scores for the device demonstrates promise for future clinical applications in glaucoma risk stratification.

Fiction can stimulate empathy toward others by deepening sensitivity to difference. Pragmatist philosophers like Richard Rorty and John Dewey consider imaginative capacity the root of empathy and promote fiction as a source of ethical insight. Understanding others who are different is fundamental to designing more inclusive spaces. Based on these connections, we explore how The Shape of Water illuminates the current discourse on inclusive design, particularly how design practices influence encounters between and among diverse bodies and environments. The Shape of Water is a non-trivial, award-winning, commercial film about the inter-species romance between a mute janitor, Elisa Esposito, who works in a top-secret, 1960s military research facility, and her love interest, the captive Amphibian Man, a tall, green, biped, bi-respiratory humanoid. We explore the film’s ethos as a speculative (even magic) ‘realm’ in which excluded individuals find agency and power in their very marginalisation and exclusion. This is most evident in its depictions of mutism and non-normative communication, which inspire fundamental reformulations of the nature of otherness and disability in relation to the material environment. We address both the film’s narrative action and its scenography, with interest in how production design embodies the protagonists’ exclusion and agency. The Shape of Water illuminates the discourse on inclusive design in multiple respects. First, through narrative depiction of individuals’ interactions and lives, it demonstrates how divisions between ‘us’ and ‘them’ materialise in objects and spaces, and how differences considered a deficit in one context may manifest as an advantage in another. Second, through the agency of magical realism, the film invites us to explore the potential of spaces that accommodate such a/symmetry through environmental hybridity. Finally, while social and material environments are known to disable or enable, The Shape of Water represents how they interact, highlighting the role of everyday design(ers) in making spaces more inclusive. ispartof: IDEA Journal pages:75-92 status: Published online

Seamless integration of air segment in the overall multimodal mobility chain is a key challenge to provide more efficient and sustainable transport services. Technology advances offer a unique opportunity to build a new generation of transport services able to match the evolving expectations and needs of society as a whole. In this context, the passenger-centric approach represents a method to inform the design of future mobility services, supporting quality of life, security and services to citizens traveling across Europe. Relying on the concepts of inclusive design, context of use and task analysis, in this article, we present a comprehensive methodological framework for the analysis of passenger characteristics to elicit features and requirements for future multimodal mobility services, including air leg, that are relevant from the perspective of passengers. The proposed methodology was applied to a series of specific use cases envisaged for three time horizons, 2025, 2035 and 2050, in the context of a European research project. Then, passenger-focused key performance indicators and related metrics were derived to be included in a validation step, with the aim of assessing the extent of benefit for passengers that can be achieved in the forecasted scenarios. The results of the study demonstrate the relevance of human variability in the design of public services, as well as the feasibility of personalized performance assessment of mobility services.

This paper discusses the prerequisites of inclusive housing development based on the learnings from Ars Longa, a block of flats for artists, designers and authors in Helsinki, Finland, that was initiated by a group of elderly persons. The study draws from research on co-design and universal design in housing. Post Occupancy Evaluation is used as method of investigation. Interviews with four key actors trace the barriers and enabling factors in the housing development process and assess the final design outcome. The results highlight the role of public institutions in supporting resident-driven projects, the financing of projects as major barrier to laypeople, and the potential of concept design in integrating the needs of stakeholders. Joint design with adjacent plots made extensive shared spaces feasible and clever design moves enabled spatial flexibility, whereas the connection of co-design activities to building design was deemed weak. The study shows that continuous management and community building are needed for negotiating the use of spaces and for fostering agency and belonging among residents. The paper contributes to research on inclusive housing development through an empirical case.

The paper deals with the issue of social inclusion in the scholastic environment where children begin to learn the set of rules that manage social life. The design of the spaces impact on people and becomes crucial to address a community behavioural change in terms of social inclusion. In line with Universal Design strategy, the paper presents a method developed for evaluating the degree of inclusion of primary schools’ spaces, which consists of the definition of an evaluation matrix. The matrix makes possible to analyse quantitative-qualitative characteristics for each school and compare them objectively. It asses the level of accessibility and inclusion of the schools through four main categories (Outdoor space, Orientation, Movement, Spatial quality) and related criteria and indicators. The reliability of the evaluation matrix has been verified through its application in seven case studies (Italian and EU), and the analysis of one of them is described in the results. The present study proposes a basis to introduce a method able to support designing educational spaces that satisfy the needs of a wide range of users according to Universal Design strategy.

Digital mobility services have great potential to increase passengers’ transportation options, improve their experiences and reduce exclusion. However, these advantages are only available to those who can access and use these services effectively. To facilitate the development of inclusive services, information is needed on the range of potential users’ technology access, use, attitudes and capabilities. A population-representative survey examining these characteristics was carried out with 1010 participants in Germany in 2020. The results are examined for groups and intersections of groups identified in previous work as particularly vulnerable to either digital or mobility exclusion. Older people, people with disabilities and people with low education levels had particularly low levels of all technology variables. Caution is thus required when rolling out digital mobility services. Non-digital alternatives are needed to ensure an inclusive service and any digital interfaces need to be designed carefully to be usable by and reassuring to digital novices.

Inclusive fashion has been gaining prominence in Brazil since the creation of the Inclusive Fashion Contest in 2009, which exposed the market potential in the fashion industry involving people with disabilities. This is a business model with great potential, considering that 23.9% of the Brazilian population has some type of disability, with 18.8% having some type of visual impairment, according to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Thus, the present study aims to identify the state of the art of assistive technologies for people with visual impairments in the field of fashion. As a method, the researchers adapted the Systematic Bibliographic Review Roadmap, identifying 19 relevant articles for analysis and interpretation. As a result of RBS, 30 assistive technology solutions were mapped with a focus on clothing and visual PwD (textile labels in Braille, color codes, smart applications, among others). In addition, the study provides an in-depth look at the barriers, preferences and relationships of the visually impaired with clothing in everyday life, demonstrating that many solutions proposed for this audience do not provide a universal and/or inclusive design. A moda inclusiva vem ganhando destaque no Brasil desde a criação do Concurso de Moda Inclusiva em 2009, que expôs o potencial de mercado na indústria da moda envolvendo as pessoas com deficiência. Trata-se de um modelo de negócios com grande potencial, considerando que 23,9% da população brasileira apresenta algum tipo de deficiência, sendo 18,8% com algum tipo de deficiência visual de acordo com o Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Assim, o presente estudo tem como objetivo identificar o estado da arte das tecnologias assistivas para pessoas com deficiência visual no âmbito da moda. Como método, os pesquisadores adaptaram a Revisão Bibliográfica Sistemática Roadmap, identificando 19 artigos relevantes para análise e interpretação. Como resultado da RBS, foram mapeadas 30 soluções de tecnologias assistivas com foco no vestuário e nas PcD visual (etiquetas têxteis em Braille, códigos de cores, aplicativos inteligentes entre outras). Além disso, o estudo traz um aprofundamento sobre as barreiras, preferências e as relações dos deficientes visuais com o vestuário no cotidiano, demonstrando que muitas soluções propostas para este público não proporcionam um design universal e/ou inclusivo.

In this paper, we outline a framework for justice in design practice that escape the paradox inclusive design seems to be trapped in and introduces three tools to meet the demands it raises: Rawls’s idea of the original position, cognitive empathy, and public deliberation. We suggest that applying these tools to the design process makes sense of inclusive design as an effective design stance and allows meeting the demands for equitable use it raises. Questo paper delinea un quadro di riferimento per la giustizia nella pratica progettuale che sfugga al paradosso in cui il design inclusivo sembra essere intrappolato e introduce tre strumenti per rispondere alle questioni che esso solleva: l’idea di posizione originale di Rawls, l'empatia cognitiva e la deliberazione pubblica. Viene suggerito come l'applicazione di questi strumenti al processo di progettazione conferisca al design inclusivo il significato di strategia progettuale efficace permettendo di soddisfare le richieste di fruizione equa che esso solleva.

[ES] Creación de la interfaz y experiencia de usuario de Afalac, una web recopilatoria de actividades para niños y niñas menores de 12 años con diversidad funcional. Esta web va dirigida a los familiares y profesionales encargados de su educación y/o cuidado. El Trabajo Final de Grado abarca todo el proceso para el diseño de la web, pasando por distintas fases, desde la recopilación y clasificación de actividades, hasta el diseño web y creación del prototipo siguiendo la metodología centrada en el usuario (DCU). Este trabajo incluye también un estudio de usuarios y su evaluación., [EN] Creation of the user interface and user experience of Afalac, a website that gathers a compilation of activities activities for children under 12 years old with functional diversity. This website is aimed at family members and professionals in charge of their education and/or care. The Final Degree Project covers the entire process for the website design, going through different phases, from the compilation and classification of activities, to the website design and creation of the prototype following the user-centered methodology (UCD). This project also includes a study of users and their evaluation.

In the PAsCAL project, 5 pilots around CAV (Autonomous and Connected Vehicle) technologies were carried out, one of them had an emphasis on the experience and acceptance of vulnerable people (such as blind, elderly or with personal mobility constraints). This pilot was composed of four distinct activities, which allow a better understanding of the potential of CAVs on the mobility of people with disabilities, but also their risks and dangers: Testing of a connected and accessible public transport application (Apertum) in Madrid; Focus Discussion Groups with blind persons; UI/UX testing of the Apertum application with elderly people; Interview with stakeholders. This paper presents our findings and resulting recommendations for making connected transport environments more suitable for vulnerable travellers and how they can even support them in the future., This paper was published within the context of the EU-funded PAsCAL Project (H2020 GA Number 815098) and the proceedings of the 2022 SELF Congrès in Geneva, Switzerland on 06-08 July 2022., {"references":["Chapireau, F. (2001). La classification interational edu fonctionnement, du handicap et de la santé. Gérontologie et Societe, 99(4), 37–56. https://doi.org/10.3917/gs.099.0037.","FOT-NET, CARTRE. (n.d.). Festa Handbook Version 7 - connected automated driving. Retrieved July 2021, from https://www.connectedautomateddriving.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/FESTA-Handbook-Version-7.pdf.","Hwang, W., Salvendy, G. (2010). Number of people required for usability evaluation. Communications of the ACM, 53(5), 130–133. https://doi.org/10.1145/1735223.1735255","Kacperski, C., Giel, S., Van Egmond, P., Gronier, G., & Chen, H. (2020). D7.2 - Impact indicators. PAsCAL Project (H2020 GA No. 815098). Retrieved July 2021, from https://www.pascal-project.eu/sites/default/files/2020-02/PAsCAL_D7.2_Impact%20indicators_SubmittedVersion_310120_LIST.pdf.","Kirakowski, J., Claridge, N. (2020). Home. WAMMI - A professional analytics service to measure and analyse website user experience assisting online business goal delivery. Retrieved November 18, 2021, from http://www.wammi.com/.","Lhuilier, D., & Gaudart, C. (2014). Vivre au travail : vulnérabilité, créativité, normativité. Perspectives Interdisciplinaires Sur Le Travail et La Santé, 16(1), 0–4.","Papí, J.F., Aletta, F., Díaz-Guardamino, I., Kühl, F.L. (2021). D6.1- Pilot handbook for pilot managers (H2020 GA No. 815098). Retrieved July 2021, from https://www.pascal-project.eu/sites/default/files/2021-10/D6.1.pdf.","Six, J. M., Macefield, R. (2016, January 4). How to determine the right number of participants for Usability Studies. UXmatters. Retrieved July 2021, from https://www.uxmatters.com/mt/archives/2016/01/how-to-determine-the-right-number-of-participants-for-usability-studies.php.","Sperandio, J.-C. (2007). Concevoir des objets techniques pour une population normale, c'est-à-dire comprenant aussi des personnes handicapées ou très âgées. PISTES, 9(2).","Tattegrain, H., Maincent, A., Bruyas, M.-P., & Bonnard, A. (2012). Développement d'un système d'assistance à la détection des usagers vulnérables pour véhicules industriels en milieu urbain. Le Travail Humain, 75(3), 307. https://doi.org/10.3917/th.753.0307."]}

The design and development of technological solutions based on software for all types of people, including people with disabilities, is still a pending issue in most software application development projects today. Situations like the 2020 pandemic drastically reflect how people with disabilities tend to be left outside the application design and construction guidelines. There are multiple initiatives and previous works that advocate user involvement from the beginning of the project; however, in this work, we go a step further by presenting a model for designing and constructing software applications (RiD—Responsive inclusive Design) defined for inclusive software. RiD extends the involvement of the user with disabilities to the entire software life cycle, in different roles, and taking into account the changing nature of the user profile in the evolution of the product. This article also presents the EDICO case study, an accessible and inclusive scientific editor for the Spanish National Organization of the Blind (ONCE), which was successfully implemented applying the RiD principles.

Assistive Devices (AD) aim to enhance the autonomy of their users, among whom are older adults. However, older adults often have negative feelings towards these products, such as the fear of dependence, which in turn influence their acceptance and use. These feelings can result from the use of design approaches that focus merely on users’ physical abilities. This article argues for the importance of rethinking approaches to the design of AD by focusing on a holistic and empathic view of older people. It also seeks to contribute to a richer understanding of what independence and dependence means to older people. This article describes an exploratory study with eleven older women, living in two distinct contexts in the north of Portugal – rural and urban. The qualitative data that emerged from this research were used to develop five empirical personas, to provide a readily usable and useful tool for design.

V magistrskem delu želim raziskati vpliv inkluzivnega oblikovanja na snovanje različnih produktov in storitev ter kako ti vplivajo na življenja marginaliziranih skupin. Prav tako se bom v delu osredotočala na različne procese oblikovanja in raziskovala načine, kako vanje vključiti raznolike metode inkluzivnega oblikovanja ter kako nadgraditi metode oblikovanja, osredotočenega na uporabnika. Glavni namen dela je demistificirati inkluzivno oblikovanje ter tako spodbuditi oblikovalce, da začnejo posegati po njegovih metodah. V teoretičnem delu se bom najprej osredotočila na raziskavo obstoječih metod inkluzivnega oblikovanja in predstavila tri glavna načela tovrstnega oblikovanja. Prav tako bom analizirala različne metode oblikovanja, osredotočenega na uporabnika, ter jih poskušala med seboj dopolnjevati. Predstavila bom tudi različne primere dobrih praks na področju inkluzivnosti ter raziskala njen ekonomski pomen. V praktičnem delu bom opisala kvalitativne metode, ki so vplivale na fazo načrtovanja ter kasneje konceptualizacije in implementacije končnega projekta magistrske naloge. To je priročnik Figma za inkluzivno oblikovanje, ki uporabnike spozna z osnovami takšnega oblikovanja ter jim s pomočjo različnih vaj pomaga vključevati metode inkluzivnega oblikovanja v njihove obstoječe procese oblikovanja. Poleg tega bom v praktičnem delu opisala tudi postavitev spletne strani, ki predstavlja, poleg programa Figma, vstopno točko do priročnika za inkluzivno oblikovanje. This master thesis aims to explore the influence of inclusive design when designing various products or services and how these influence the lives of underrepresented and marginalized groups of people. I will also be focusing on different design processes and methods of user centered design and how they can be improved with the use of inclusive design principles. The main goal of the thesis is to demystify inclusive design and encourage different designers to start infusing their work with it. The first part of the thesis will consist of analyzing existing methods of inclusive design, mainly focusing on its three main principles. In the theoretical part, I will explore different methods of user-centered design and present different cases of use of inclusive design and how inclusivity influences our society. The empirical part of the thesis aims to present different qualitative methods that influenced the conceptualisation and implementation of the final thesis project – an inclusive design Figma toolkit that mainly acts as an introduction to inclusive design and presents a learning opportunity for designers through various inclusivity exercises. That way, designers can implement inclusive design principles and methods to their existing design process more seamlessly. In the last part of the masters thesis, I will also be presenting the inclusive design website which, additionally to Figma, presents an entry point to the inclusive design toolkit.

Background A recent dialogue in the field of play, learn, and teach outdoors (referred to as “PLaTO” hereafter) demonstrated the need for developing harmonized and consensus-based terminology, taxonomy, and ontology for PLaTO. This is important as the field evolves and diversifies in its approaches, contents, and contexts over time and in different countries, cultures, and settings. Within this paper, we report the systematic and iterative processes undertaken to achieve this objective, which has built on the creation of the global PLaTO-Network (PLaTO-Net). Methods This project comprised of four major methodological phases. First, a systematic scoping review was conducted to identify common terms and definitions used pertaining to PLaTO. Second, based on the results of the scoping review, a draft set of key terms, taxonomy, and ontology were developed, and shared with PLaTO members, who provided feedback via four rounds of consultation. Third, PLaTO terminology, taxonomy, and ontology were then finalized based on the feedback received from 50 international PLaTO member participants who responded to ≥ 3 rounds of the consultation survey and dialogue. Finally, efforts to share and disseminate project outcomes were made through different online platforms. Results This paper presents the final definitions and taxonomy of 31 PLaTO terms along with the PLaTO-Net ontology model. The model incorporates other relevant concepts in recognition that all the aspects of the model are interrelated and interconnected. The final terminology, taxonomy, and ontology are intended to be applicable to, and relevant for, all people encompassing various identities (e.g., age, gender, culture, ethnicity, ability). Conclusions This project contributes to advancing PLaTO-based research and facilitating intersectoral and interdisciplinary collaboration, with the long-term goal of fostering and strengthening PLaTO’s synergistic linkages with healthy living, environmental stewardship, climate action, and planetary health agendas. Notably, PLaTO terminology, taxonomy and ontology will continue to evolve, and PLaTO-Net is committed to advancing and periodically updating harmonized knowledge and understanding in the vast and interrelated areas of PLaTO.

This article presents the result of a study that sought to identify conducts, techniques and good practices related to data privacy, which can be incorporated into the user-centered process, within the scope of service design and inclusive design, using the Internet of Things (IoT). It is important to identify new guidelines that can be incorporated into service design and inclusive design. This study was supported by a Systematic Bibliographic Review, covering 150 articles in a 5-year period (2017-2021), in the Web of Science databases, Scopus databases and the Periodic Journal Portal of CAPES. As a result, it brings a list of recommendations for good practices that can be adopted in design processes, especially to the Privacy by Design (PbD) framework. Este artículo presenta el resultado de un estudio que buscó identificar conductas, técnicas y buenas prácticas relacionadas con la privacidad de datos, que puedan ser incorporadas al proceso centrado en el usuario, en el ámbito del diseño de servicios y el diseño inclusivo, utilizando el Internet de las Cosas (IoT). Es importante identificar nuevas pautas que se puedan incorporar en el diseño de servicios y el diseño inclusivo. Este estudio fue apoyado por una Revisión Bibliográfica Sistemática, que abarcó 150 artículos en un período de 5 años (2017-2021), en las bases de datos Web of Science, bases de datos Scopus y el Portal de Revistas Periódicas de la CAPES. Como resultado, trae una lista de recomendaciones de buenas prácticas que se pueden adoptar en los procesos de diseño, especialmente al marco de Privacidad por Diseño (PbD). Este artigo apresenta o resultado de um estudo que buscou identificar condutas, técnicas e boas práticas relacionadas à privacidade de dados, que podem ser incorporadas ao processo de design centrado no usuário, no âmbito do design de serviços e design inclusivo, utilizando a Internet das Coisas (IoT). É importante identificar novas diretrizes que possam ser incorporadas ao design de serviços e ao design inclusivo em virtude das novas legislações. Este estudo foi apoiado por uma Revisão Bibliográfica Sistemática, abrangendo 150 artigos em um período de 5 anos (2017-2021), nas bases de dados Web of Science, Scopus e no Portal de Periódicos da CAPES. Como resultado, traz uma lista de recomendações de boas práticas que podem ser adotadas em processos de design, especialmente para o modelo de Privacidade por Definição ou Privacy by Design (PbD).

Encara que l’envelliment no és una discapacitat, sembla estar estigmatitzat. Les persones, conscient o inconscientment, empenyen als adults majors a la vora de la societat al no permetre’ls una veu activa i en fer-los sentir menys importants que els ciutadans més joves. Les persones grans poden experimentar estrès social i econòmic, així com ansietat, desesperança, aïllament i depressió. Gairebé totes les indústries se centren desproporcionadament a desenvolupar innovacions tecnològiques per als joves, no per als adults majors. Encara que hi ha una quantitat considerable de recerca pel que fa a l’envelliment de la població, la recerca dels problemes de disseny d’interiors que les persones majors troben tots els dies és escassa. Les compres són una bona oportunitat perquè s’involucrin en la comunitat, i és una àrea de recerca adequada, l’objectiu de la qual és prevenir les barreres arquitectòniques per als adults majors. Aquest estudi examina les falles en el disseny de compres en interiors que reflecteixen la discriminació per edat d’acord amb les experiències i requisits dels adults majors. Es va administrar un qüestionari a 198 participants sobre les seves experiències en els supermercats del districte de Kadıköy, a Istanbul. Els resultats van mostrar que a mesura que augmenta la necessitat d’àrees de descans i banys, disminueix el temps que els adults majors passen en els supermercats. A més, els taulells de pagament i els prestatges d’exhibició de productes mostren problemes de disseny que constitueixen problemes d’accessibilitat en interiors. Aquest estudi conclou analitzant els problemes en el disseny de l’àrea comercial interior que contribueixen a la discriminació per edat. Aging, although not a disability, appears to be stigmatized. People consciously or unconsciously push older adults to the edge of society by not allowing them an active voice and making them feel less important than younger citizens. Older people may experience social and economic stress as well as anxiety, hopelessness, isolation, and depression. Almost all industries are disproportionately focused on developing technological innovations for younger people, not for older adults. Although there is a considerable amount of research on aging populations, research on the indoor design problems that older people encounter every day is scarce. Shopping is a good opportunity for them to get involved in the community, and is an appropriate research area, the aim of which is to prevent architectural barriers to older adults. This study examines indoor shopping design failures that reflect ageism according to older adults’ experiences and requirements. A questionnaire was administered to 198 participants about their experiences in supermarkets in the district of Kadıköy, in Istanbul; Kadıköy is the district with the largest proportion of older adults (17,7%). The results showed that as the need for rest areas and toilets increases, the time spent by older adults in supermarkets declines. Additionally, checkout counters and product display shelves show design problems that constitute indoor accessibility issues. This study concludes by looking at issues in the design of indoor shopping area that contribute to ageist attitudes. We call for inclusive shopping environments to address spatial justice and to eliminate ageism. Aunque el envejecimiento no es una discapacidad, parece estar estigmatizado. Las personas, consciente o inconscientemente, empujan a los adultos mayores al borde de la sociedad al no permitirles una voz activa y al hacerlos sentir menos importantes que los ciudadanos más jóvenes. Las personas mayores pueden experimentar estrés social y económico, así como ansiedad, desesperanza, aislamiento y depresión. Casi todas las industrias se centran desproporcionadamente en desarrollar innovaciones tecnológicas para los jóvenes, no para los adultos mayores. Aunque hay una cantidad considerable de investigación sobre el envejecimiento de la población, la investigación sobre los problemas de diseño de interiores que las personas mayores encuentran todos los días es escasa. Las compras son una buena oportunidad para que se involucren en la comunidad, y es un área de investigación adecuada, cuyo objetivo es prevenir las barreras arquitectónicas para los adultos mayores. Este estudio examina las fallas en el diseño de compras en interiores que reflejan la discriminación por edad de acuerdo con las experiencias y requisitos de los adultos mayores. Se administró un cuestionario a 198 participantes sobre sus experiencias en los supermercados del distrito de Kadıköy, en Estambul. Los resultados mostraron que a medida que aumenta la necesidad de áreas de descanso y baños, disminuye el tiempo que los adultos mayores pasan en los supermercados. Además, los mostradores de pago y los estantes de exhibición de productos muestran problemas de diseño que constituyen problemas de accesibilidad en interiores. Este estudio concluye analizando los problemas en el diseño del área comercial interior que contribuyen a la discriminación por edad.

Children's playgrounds are important public spaces for both the user groups they address and the adults accompanying the user groups, considering their location in the city, their accessibility and the frequency of their presence in each neighborhood. In order for user groups to socialize under equal conditions, these areas should be arranged according to the universal design criteria determined in order to be designed in a way that they can be used jointly and without discrimination for all disabled, temporarily disabled and non-disabled individuals. Within the scope of the study, universal design criteria and outlines were examined from the perspective of the status of children's gardens as public spaces. The principles of designing children's gardens in accordance with universal design criteria were examined through an example. On the same example, additional principles that will complement the universal design criteria, increase the saturation of socialization and provide the production of more qualified public space are examined. In this way, it has been emphasized that children's gardens, which are organized under the umbrella of universal design criteria, can be areas that ensure the dignity of all child users and provide healthy socialization., Çocuk bahçeleri kent içerisindeki konumları, erişilebilirlikleri ve her mahallede bulunma sıklıkları göz önünde alındığında hem hitap ettikleri kullanıcı grupları hem de kullanıcı gruplarına refakat eden yetişkinler için önemli kamusal alanlardandır. Kullanıcı gruplarının eşit şartlarda sosyalleşebilmeleri için bu alanların engelli, geçici engelli ve engelsiz tüm bireyler için ortaklaşa ve ayırım gözetilmeden kullanabilecekleri şekilde tasarlanması amacıyla belirlenen evrensel tasarım kriterlerine göre düzenlenmiş olmaları gerekmektedir. Çalışma kapsamında evrensel tasarım kriterleri ve ana hatları çocuk bahçelerinin kamusal alan olma durumları perspektifinden irdelenmiştir. Çocuk bahçelerinin evrensel tasarım kriterlerine uygun tasarlanma prensipleri bir örnek üzerinden incelenmiştir. Aynı örnek üzerinde evrensel tasarım kriterlerini bütünleyici özellikteki sosyalleşme doygunluğunu arttıracak ve daha nitelikli kamusal mekân üretimini sağlayacak ilave prensipler irdelenmiştir. Bu şekilde evrensel tasarım kriterleri çatısı altında düzenlenen çocuk bahçelerinin tüm çocuk kullanıcıların saygınlıklarını güvence altına alan ve sağlıklı sosyalleşmeyi sağlayan alanlar olabileceği vurgulanmıştır.

The advance in digital technologies is placing increasingly high demands on users’ cognitive capabilities, resulting in ubiquitous cognitive challenges (e.g. memory overload) in everyday interaction with products. Such challenges can be attributed to the inadequate understanding of cognitive capability for informing design. The literature review further specifies that current research has largely ignored how user cognition is understood and implemented by designers. This study thus aims to advance the understanding of user cognition by adding the designers’ perspective. This research adopts a mixed method approach, which helps highlight and address the designerly ways of knowing as well as the implicit nature of cognition in design. The research framework consists of three phases. First, the language differences between design practise and cognitive research were confirmed by interviewing designers and analysing designers’ articles. Second, a review of design languages of cognition and ethnographic fieldwork were conducted to explore the designerly ways of understanding and implementing cognition. Finally, the findings were tested in a larger-scale survey. By explicating the related design languages, this research elucidates designers’ Micro, Meso, and Macro perspectives on user cognition, thereby expanding the current rational information-processing conception of cognition to a more context-based understand- ing. The multiple perspectives also add more embodied and situated considerations to the conventional focus on elementary information processing capacity, advancing the existing understanding of users’ cognitive capabilities. Hence, this study enhances the predominant way of conceptualising user cognition in design research and empirically supports the postulated situated nature of cognition in cognitive research. Furthermore, it recognises a specific application field within the broader landscape of cognitive research, suggesting that designing interactions has its own research agenda rather than relying on other established sub-areas., Trinity Hall Graduate Research Studentship

In childhood, play is critical to the successful development of children, and it can be regarded as the most important activity in their daily life, allowing interaction and discovery of the world around them. Consequently, it is important to ensure that this birthright is protected and accessible to every child, including those with special needs. Professionals, such as therapists, are often in a position where they can take advantage of the inclusion of toys in their therapies with children. Although, toys are not alike, and they must be carefully thought to be able to fulfil the child’s needs. This paper presents a proposal and the first validation of an inclusive toy, entitled “HugMe”, developed and designed with special attention for children who have cognitive and motor impairments and continue to be appealing to all children.

Design schools around the world often state that they offer instruction on topics such as sustainability, inclusive design, and responsible design. Fifty years ago, design scholar Victor Papanek had already begun teaching industrial designers that they were contributing to consumerism by designing unnecessary gadgets. Papanek urged them to offer more responsible solutions to the real difficulties that people face daily, difficulties that spanned a range of problems from physical challenges to societal ones. His works were not appreciated—at all—by his American industrial designer contemporaries, but still served as powerful inspiration to European design academics whose efforts comprise some of the first PhD work on design. Here I describe Papanek’s writing and inspiration, and note how long it took before influential design academics would seek to educate and inspire others based on his work. I have served as dean at three universities where his legacy lives on in teaching and research. I will reflect on some of the recent activities taking place under Papanek’s influence at these institutions, and offer a personal perspective of these developments, and some reflections on the progress in light of Papanek’s lessons overall.

Ontenna is a device that can be worn on the hair, earlobe, collar, or sleeve, and it transmits sound characteristics to the human body through vibration and light. It can serve as an auxiliary acoustic sensory device for hearing-impaired people, whereas for others, it can serve as a novel acoustic perception device. A condensermicrophone mounted on the main body of Ontenna acquires the sound pressure and drives the vibration motor and light emitting diode in real-time according to the input signal. This allows the user to perceive various sonic features such as the rhythm, pattern, and strength of sound. Furthermore, by simultaneously controlling several Ontenna devices through a controller, a rhythm can be transmitted to each user. In this paper, we present the inclusive design of Ontenna for hearing-impaired people, along with the design process of Ontenna, which was improved through digital fabrication. Additionally, in this paper, we present case studies regarding the usage of Ontenna in a hearing-impaired school and case studies on Ontenna ’s application in the field of entertainment for hearing-impaired people and others.

Purpose: To synthesize evidence regarding the physical design features and non-physical aspects of public playgrounds that facilitate/hinder outdoor play, social participation, and inclusion; identify design recommendations; and explore the current discourses and concepts around designing for outdoor play, social participation, and inclusion in public playgrounds in the context of Universal Design (UD). Methods: Published studies addressing public playgrounds, inclusion, and design, were identified via a systematic search of eleven databases from health, science, education, and humanities. Results: Fifteen documents met the inclusion criteria. Three main themes were identified concerning physical design features and non-physical aspects of public playgrounds that facilitate/hinder outdoor play, social participation, and inclusion, with associated design recommendations. Although UD is recognized to have the potential to support the design of public playgrounds, no studies examined UD solutions for playgrounds or tested them for effectiveness. Conclusion: We cannot yet determine whether UD can support outdoor play, social participation, and inclusion in public playgrounds. Research to date has mostly focused on understanding usersâ perspectives; future research should continue to be informed by diverse usersâ perspectives to address gaps in knowledge concerning childrenâ s voice from migrants, lower socioeconomic communities, and intergenerational users with disabilities alongside researching design solutions for play. Implications for rehabilitation: Children, particularly children with disabilities and their families, continue to experience marginalization and exclusion in public playgrounds, despite a commitment to inclusion in international treaties. Universal design is recognized to have the potential to support the design of public playgrounds, however, the evidence is currently very sparse. While accessibility is an important consideration for playground design, it does not ensure that play occupations can take place. Extending knowledge on universal design as it applies explicitly to playgrounds and play occupation requires multi- and trans-disciplinary collaboration that includes a play-centered perspective.

The world of design is moving beyond the physicality of experiences. The theory and practice of inclusive design, however, is still largely remains focused on consideration of physical aspects. This research is an attempt to fill the gap of understanding of psychosocial inclusivity in design by identifying a formal definition with constructs. Empirical investigations (ethnographic interviews, a creative workshop, and observations) were conducted within the chosen contexts of older individuals' supermarket shopping and assisted mobility service users. The outcomes were evaluated using expert surveys. A formal definition and evaluative constructs were described: cognitive, emotional, social, and value. The results provide first elements of an encompassing definition of psychosocial inclusivity, which in the future may serve as a guide for design.