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This exploratory work is concerned with generation of natural language descriptions that can be used for video retrieval applications. It is a step ahead of keyword-based tagging as it captures relations between keywords associated with videos. Firstly, we prepare hand annotations consisting of descriptions for video segments crafted from a TREC Video dataset. Analysis of this data presents insights into human’s interests on video contents. Secondly, we develop a framework for creating smooth and coherent description of video streams. It builds on conventional image processing techniques that extract high-level features from individual video frames. Natural language description is then produced based on high-level features. Although feature extraction processes are erroneous at various levels, we explore approaches to putting them together to produce a coherent, smooth and well-phrased description by incorporating spatial and temporal information. Evaluation is made by calculating ROUGE scores between human-annotated and machine-generated descriptions. Further, we introduce a task-based evaluation by human subjects which provides qualitative evaluation of generated descriptions.

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We report $^{31}$P- and $^{75}$As-NMR studies on (Ca$_4$Al$_2$O$_{6}$)Fe$_2$(As$_{1-x}$P$_x$)$_2$ with an isovalent substitution of P for As. We present the novel evolution of emergent phases that the nodeless superconductivity (SC) in 0$\le x \le$0.4 and the nodal one around $x$=1 are intimately separated by the onset of a commensurate stripe-type antiferromagnetic (AFM) order in 0.5$\le x \le$ 0.95, as an isovalent substitution of P for As decreases a pnictogen height $h_{Pn}$ measured from the Fe plane. It is demonstrated that the AFM order takes place under a condition of 1.32\AA$\le h_{Pn} \le$1.42\AA, which is also the case for other Fe-pnictides with the Fe$^{2+}$ state in (Fe$Pn$)$^{-}$ layers. This novel phase evolution with the variation in $h_{Pn}$ points to the importance of electron correlation for the emergence of SC as well as AFM order., Comment: 5pages, 4figures; accepted for publication as a Rapid Communication in Phys. Rev. B

股関節全置換術において,同種血輸血を回避する目的で,希釈式自己血輸血(Hct 24%)に低血圧麻酔(プロスタグランジンPGE1で収縮期圧75mmHgを約70分間維持)を併用した場合の安全性を検討するために,術後における血液検査ならびに臨床状態の面から非希釈式自己血輸血(貯血式・回収式,Hct 31%)に低血圧麻酔を併用した場合と比較した。両群とも同種血輸血は必要としなかった。貧血は希釈式群では術後4週目に,非希釈式群では3週目に正常下限域値に回復した。血液生化学における肝腎機能検査では,両群とも術後異常値を示さなかった。希釈式群において術後貧血のため創部治癒が遷延した例や血栓性静脈炎等の合併症のためにリハビリのスケジュールが遅延した例はなく,退院までの日数も両群で差はなかった。以上より,本法は同種血輸血を回避するための手段として臨床上有用と考えられる。

股関節全置換術において,中等度血液希釈下(Hct 23%)でプロスタグランディン(PGE1)による収縮期圧75mmHgの低血圧麻酔を約1時間併用した際の肝細胞および腎尿細管細胞機能に及ぼす影響を,動脈血中ケトン体比(AKBR)と尿中NAG排泄量(NAG-index)を指標として,軽度血液希釈下(Hct 31%)の場合と比較検討した。AKBRは血液希釈後,低血圧中・中止後,術後とも脱血前(対照値)および軽度希釈下と差はなかった。NAG-indexは低血圧中止後～術後で対照値より有意に増加し,術後は軽度希釈下との間にも差が認められた。術後の血液生化学検査では肝・腎機能とも異常値は示さなかった。以上より,中等度血液希釈下でPGE1による低血圧麻酔を併用した場合,術後一過性の腎尿細管細胞障害が出現し注意を要するが,肝・腎機能における臨床的な後遺症は残さなかった。

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腎機能障害のない予定手術患者149名を対象とした.NLAとGOE群に分け,回復室での尿中ノルエピネフリン(NE)とエピネフリン(Epi)を測定し,手術侵襲の大小について検討した.NLA下の尿NE, Epi濃度は対照値に比較してそれぞれ肝切除後8.6倍,20.8倍,大腸9.5倍,17.5倍,胃5.9倍,15.1倍,肺4.7倍,12.7倍,THRなどの整形外科手術4.5倍,10.0倍,胆嚢4.5倍,8.0倍,子宮2.4倍,7.3倍,甲状腺手術1.7倍,5.9倍の順に有意に増加した.一方,GOE下ではNE濃度の増加は著明ではなかった.回復室での鎮痛薬使用はNLAが5%に対してGOEは59%であった.以上より,(1)回復室での尿CA濃度から手術侵襲程度が比較できた.(2) NLAでは痛み刺激に無関係に副腎-交感神経系の活性亢進が示唆された.(3) GOEでは疼痛を訴えること,EpiがNEより高値を示したことから末梢神経線維の麻酔からの回復過程に差があると考えられる.

Systemic administration of selective NMDA antagonists, such as CPP, APH, ketamine and MK-801, increased spontaneous gastric motility of the rat in a dose-dependent manner, and they prevented the NMDA-evoked depression of gastric motility. On the other hand, a broad spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist, kynurenate, DNQX and CNQX decreased spontaneous gastric motility. Under the action of hexamethonium or chlorisondamine, CPP and MK-801 had little effect upon gastric motility. After the treatment with atropine, the motor responses to NMDA, CPP and MK-801 were hardly observed. Similar results were obtained after vagotomy.

In the first part of this paper we describe our experiments in the automatic and interactive search tasks of TRECVID 2006. We submitted five fully automatic runs, including a text baseline, two runs based on visual features, and two runs that combine textual and visual features in a graph model. For the interactive search, we have implemented a new video search interface with relevance feedback facilities, based on both textual and visual features.\ud The second part is concerned with our approach to the high-level feature extraction task, based on textual information extracted from speech recogniser and machine translation outputs. They were aligned with shots and associated with high-level feature references. A list of significant words was created for each feature, and it was in turn utilised for identification of a feature during the evaluation.

A new method for evaluating the tensile adhesive strength of thermal sprayed coatings has been developed using a test specimen that incorporates an artificially introduced circumferential crack to control the stress intensity factor at the crack tip along the interface between the coating and the substrate. FEM-analysis is carried out to calculate a correction factor and the stress intensity factor for the test specimen. When the results of tensile test are sorted out using the stress intensity factor at which failure occurred, constant values should be obtained regardless of changes in geometry such as crack length and the diameter of test specimen. The method was first applied to air plasma spray (APS) coatings and then to HVOF sprayed coatings. Effects of substrate preparation such as surface roughness and preheating temperature on the resultant coating adhesion were studied experimentally.

A chromosomal DNA fragment of Scytalidium lignicolum that encodes the mature enzyme region of acid protease B (Scytalido-pepsin B), was cloned and its nucleotides sequenced. The fragment contained a 76-bp intron at the middle of the mature enzyme-coding region. The mature enzyme was composed of 206 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 21,550. There were some discrepancies between the amino acid sequence deduced from these results and that previously established by protein sequencing.

We characterized autoreactive T-cell clones derived from (NZB x NZW)F1 (B/WF1) mice. These autoreactive T-cell clones are shown to be CD4+ by immunofluorescence staining and to belong to Th2 type by cytokine release assay. Specificity analysis revealed the existence of mixed haplotype A beta z/A alpha d major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecule-specific T-cell clones as well as A beta z/A alpha z- or A beta d/A alpha d-specific T-cell clones. Some but not all of the mixed haplotype A beta z/A alpha d-specific autoreactive T-cell clones showed strong activity to induce IgG anti-DNA antibody production upon transfer to young (4-month-old) B/WF1 mice, indicating that T cells with these specificities might be involved in B/WF1 autoimmunity.

The effects of the prolonged 3-hour and 6-hour controlled hypotension induced by prostaglandin E(1) (PGE(1)) on renal tubular function have been comparatively studied with trimethaphan (TMP; 3-hour hypotensive anesthesia) and enflurane deep anesthesia (6-hour hypotensive anesthesia), using the urine N-acetyl-Beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG index) and the serum and urine Beta(2)-microglobulin (fractional clearance of Beta(2)-m; Fc-Beta(2)-m) as markers. During 3-hour and 6-hour controlled hypotension PGE(1), NAG index and Fc-Beta(2)-m and urine volume could be maintained without remarkable changes. In the group with TPM, NAG index and Fc-Beta(2)-m significantly increased. The increasing trend was also noted over time in deep anesthesia with enflurane. On 1st postoperative day, Fc-Beta(2)-m significantly increased in PGE(1) group in both 3-hour and 6-hour hypotensive anesthesia, whereas it restored to normal on 2nd postoperative day. Also, in TMP and enflurane deep anesthesia, Fc-Beta(2)-m significantly increased on 1st postoperative day. With the latter, significant increase was also observed on 2nd postoperative day. These results suggest that, in 3-hour and 6-hour controlled hypotension induced by PGE(1), renal tubular function is normally maintained and that it is useful for prolonged controlled hypotensive anesthesia. However, further study is necessary because tubular dysfunction might appear on 1st postoperative day.

Kearns-Shy 症候群は, 外眼筋麻痺, 網膜色素性変性, 心筋症を3主徴とする多臓器疾患であるが, 麻酔管理に関する報告は見あたらない. 我々は本症候群不完全型と診断された42歳女性患者の乳房切断術の麻酔を経験した. 麻酔はNLA-II法にパンクロニウムを用いて導入維持し, 術中, 軽度の体温下降を認めたのみで, 安定した循環動態を示し, 術後も循環器系, 呼吸器系の合併症を認めなかった.

高力価第VIII因子抑制物質による著明な出血傾向を有した45歳女性で, Borrmann IV型の胃癌が原因と考えられたため, 胃全摘術を行なった. 内科的治療が試みられていたが, 根本治療として手術が予定された. 術前に同抑制物質力価が著しく上昇していたので, 手術直前に全身麻酔下で血漿交換の後, 第VIII因子製剤の補充を行ない, 引き続き手術を開始した. 術前処置によって第VIII因子活性は著明に上昇し, 術中に異常出血もなく無事手術を終了したが術後3日目にMOFを来し死亡した. その概要を考察を加えて報告する.

ブロマゼパム坐剤の麻酔前投薬としての効果を客観的に評価するために, 血漿および尿中カテコラミン (CA) 濃度を測定し, 麻酔前投薬非投与群 (C群), ジアゼパム前投薬群 (D群) と比較検討した. ブロマゼパム前投薬群 (B群) は, 3mgを手術前夜に投与し, D群は, 麻酔導入約1時間前に10mgを筋注した. 血漿CA濃度は, エピネフリンのみD群, B群で有意な低下傾向にあり, その低下度は, D群よりB群のほうが大きかった. 尿中CA濃度もB群, D群は, C群に比べ優位に低下していた. 以上より, ブロマゼパム坐剤の手術前夜の投与は, ジアゼパム筋注と同程度かそれ以上に麻酔導入前の副腎-交感神経系緊張を抑制すると考えられた.

General anaesthesia with Althesin was administered on two occasions to a patient who was identified as susceptible to malignant hyperthermia, in whom there was identified familial subclinical myopathy and once in another patient suffering from arthrogryposis multiplex congenita with a history of fever associated with two previous anaesthetics. In the first patient halothane was administered by accident in association with the Althesin, but no hyperpyrexia occurred. In the second instance nitrous oxide-oxygen and halothane were associated purposely with Althesin. In none of these cases was there any rise in temperature, muscle rigor or elevation of the serum CPK level. This experience corroborates the experimental evidence of Hall, et al.10 and Harrison, who reported that Althesin prevented the onset of hyperthermia, and the clinical reports of Page and Judelman. Althesin can be assumed to be an effective anaesthetic for malignant hyperthermia susceptible patients.

The purpose of the present study was to induce left ventricular failure in anesthetized dogs by repeated ventricular fibrillation and then to determine if amrinone is effective in circulatory support by comparing the effects of amrinone and dobutamine. After the repetitive ventricular fibrillation, mean arterial pressure and stroke volume index decreased, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) increased, and acute left ventricular failure occurred. Thereafter, dogs were divided into the following four groups. In Group C (n = 6), normal saline was administered; in Group D (n = 6), dobutamine was administered at 7 micrograms/kg/min; and in Groups A40 (n = 6) and A80 (n = 7), amrinone was administered at 40 micrograms/kg/min and 80 micrograms/kg/min, respectively. Stroke volume index increased by 78% in Group D and 46% in both Groups A40 and A80. Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure decreased by 44% in Group A40 and 38% in Group A80, but remained unchanged in Group D. Similarly, total peripheral resistance decreased by 32% in Group A40, 29% in Group A80, but remained unchanged in Group D. These results suggest that amrinone increased cardiac output and decreased both preload and afterload. In the coronary circulation, both drugs caused direct coronary vasodilation since they increased myocardial oxygen supply in excess of the increase in myocardial oxygen demand. Neither drug produced signs of myocardial ischemia, as indicated by myocardial lactate metabolism. Amrinone should be a useful drug after open heart surgery, especially in cases where significant adverse effects of catecholamines occur or where a low-output state with increased preload and afterload exists.

Slip patterns of copper whiskers with [001], [011], and [111] orientations subjected to tensile deformation have been observed with a differential interference-contrast microscope. In some whiskers, a slip line appears below or just below the yield stress and its step height increases with increasing strain. The yield drop occurs when the slip line is crossed by another slip line newly formed and the Luders band propagates from this crossing place. At the front of the Luders band, slip lines due to cross slips or double cross slips are observed. This fact means that the Luders band propagates by cross slip or double cross slip mechanisms.

An electron-microscopic study on a 15.6 at%V-Co single crystal annealed at 600℃ for 168 h is carried out to determine the crystal structure of the low-temperature f. c. c. phase in the Co-rich Co-V alloy system. From the diffraction patterns observed in various crystallographic orientations, it is found that this phase is of the Cu_3Au-type superlattice structure. The dark-field images formed with the superlattice reflections reveal that these extra reflections originate not from any special regions of the specimen, but from its whole area. Super-dislocations and antiphase boundaries which are characteristic of the imperfections in the ordered alloy are also observed.

We report on a detailed experimental study of multiexcitonic effects in the carrier dynamics in single GaAs/Al 0.3 Ga 0.7 As quantum dot (QD) obtained by means of molecular beam droplet epitaxy. The PL spectrum shows large modifications with the time delay and the excitation power density. During the early stages after pulse excitation the QD ground-state emission consists in a broad band. Increasing the delay time (or decreasing the excitation power) the low energy tail of the PL band rapidly decreases and the PL bandwidth is reduced, eventually collapsing with well-resolved sharp lines (FWHM < 0.5 meV). We attribute the different contributions to emissions from single exciton, few exciton and many exciton levels inside the QD.

Photoluminescence spectroscopy is used to analyze the effects of post-growth thermal annealing on the electronic properties and capture processes of self-assembled GaAs/AlGaAs quantum dots grown by modified droplet epitaxy. Post-growth annealing induces deep changes in the electronic structure of the quantum dots material, modifying both capture processes and photoluminescence quenching channels. The optical data, together with theoretical models, are used to quantify such structural and electronic modifications in the annealed materials.