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Funding Information: This work received financial support from PT national funds ( FCT/MCTES , Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior) through the project CIRCNA/BRB/0281/2019 . Funding Information: This work received financial support from PT national funds (FCT/MCTES, Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior) through the project CIRCNA/BRB/0281/2019.The authors further thank FCT/MCTES for supporting Research Units LAQV-REQUIMTE (UIDB/50006/2020), GHTM (UID/Multi/04413/2020). Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Authors Malaria, leishmaniasis and Chagas disease are vector-borne protozoal infections with a disproportionately high impact on the most fragile societies in the world, and despite malaria-focused research gained momentum in the past two decades, both trypanosomiases and leishmaniases remain neglected tropical diseases. Affordable effective drugs remain the mainstay of tackling this burden, but toxicicty, inneficiency against later stage disease, and drug resistance issues are serious shortcomings. One strategy to overcome these hurdles is to get new therapeutics or inspiration in nature. Indeed, snake venoms have been recognized as valuable sources of biomacromolecules, like peptides and proteins, with antiprotozoal activity. This review highlights major snake venom components active against at least one of the three aforementioned diseases, which include phospholipases A2, metalloproteases, L-amino acid oxidases, lectins, and oligopeptides. The relevance of this repertoire of biomacromolecules and the bottlenecks in their clinical translation are discussed considering approaches that should increase the success rate in this arduous task. Overall, this review underlines how venom-derived biomacromolecules could lead to pioneering antiprotozoal treatments and how the drug landscape for neglected diseases may be revolutionized by a closer look at venoms. Further investigations on poorly studied venoms is needed and could add new therapeutics to the pipeline. publishersversion published

The Pedagogical Residency Program is one of the actions that are part of the National Teacher Training Policy and aims to induce the improvement of practical training in undergraduate courses, promoting the immersion of graduates in primary education schools, from the second half of its course. The study aimed to report the experience of three students of the Full Degree course in Geography of the State University of Piauí-Torquato Neto campus in Teresina-Pi, during their participation in the first module of the Pedagogical Residency Program in a public school that operates in the EJA modality. The experience in the program contributed to a critical focus on the initiation of teachers in the face of the new reality of remote teaching imposed by the Covid-19 pandemic. Thus, residents were able to reconcile pedagogical theory with teaching practice and experience experiences and challenges of Brazilian education professionals. El Programa de Residencia Pedagógica es una de las acciones que forman parte de la Política Nacional de Formación Docente y tiene como objetivo inducir la mejora de la formación práctica en los cursos de pregrado, promoviendo la inmersión de los egresados en las escuelas de educación primaria, a partir de la segunda mitad de su curso. El estudio tuvo como objetivo relatar la experiencia de tres estudiantes del Curso de Licenciatura Completa en Geografía de la Universidad Estadual de Piauí-Torquato campus Neto en Teresina-Pi, durante su participación en el primer módulo del Programa de Residencia Pedagógica en una escuela pública que opera en la modalidad EJA. La experiencia en el programa contribuyó a un enfoque crítico en la iniciación de los docentes frente a la nueva realidad de la enseñanza a distancia impuesta por la pandemia del Covid-19. Por lo tanto, los residentes pudieron conciliar la teoría pedagógica con la práctica docente y experimentar las experiencias y desafíos de los profesionales de la educación brasileños. O Programa Residência Pedagógica (PRP) é uma das ações que integram a Política Nacional de Formação de Professores e tem como objetivo induzir o aperfeiçoamento da formação prática nos cursos de licenciatura, promovendo a imersão dos licenciados nas escolas de educação básica, a partir da segunda metade do seu curso. O estudo teve como objetivo relatar as possibilidades, desafios e experiências vivenciadas no módulo inicial do Programa Residência Pedagógica do Subprojeto de Geografia da Universidade Estadual do Piauí (UESPI) - Campus Torquato Neto, por meio de ações pedagógicas promovidas nas aulas de Geografia em uma turma de EJA de uma escola estadual de Teresina-PI, durante o ensino remoto. Assim, a metodologia empregada reuniu revisão bibliográfica de trabalhos científicos - referentes aos conceitos de formação docente, prática educativa, ensino remoto emergencial, educação a distância - e análise das três etapas presentes e vivenciadas no PRP, formações, planejamento e regência. A experiência no programa contribuiu para uma construção de um olhar crítico na iniciação à docência de professores frente a nova realidade do ensino remoto imposta pela pandemia do Covid-19. Dessa forma, os residentes puderam conciliar a teoria pedagógica com a prática docente e vivenciar experiências e desafios dos profissionais da educação brasileira.

A Síndrome Metabólica é um conjunto de alterações constituído por dislipidemia, intolerância à glicose, hipertensão arterial, obesidade e a hiperinsulinemia. O Telemonitoramento é uma estratégia de acompanhamento de pacientes a distância. O objetivo foi realizar o Telemonitoramento dos portadores de síndrome metabólica residentes em uma Ilha. O público alvo foi composto de adultos residentes na Ilha de Fernando de Noronha diagnosticados com Síndrome Metabólica pelos critérios de diagnóstico da IDF. Utilização dos recursos de telefonia e internet para comunicação com os pacientes. O Telemonitoramento de 22 pacientes desde 2014 através de ligações telefônicas e envio de material educativo. Construção de mensagens e vídeos educativos. Envolvimento de discentes do Curso de Enfermagem na estratégia. O acompanhamento a distância de pacientes com SM pode ser realizado através de recursos tecnológicos mínimos.

The sweeteners are chemical substances with the capacity to replace all or part of sugar, first formulated to meet the diabetic population, are currently being used to reduce and control calorie intake by the population. The objective of this study was to evaluate the perception of consumers about the consumption of sweeteners and to determine the daily intake values of this additive by the participants. The methodology of this study consisted of applying a questionnaire via Google Forms regarding demographic data and the profile of consumers of food with sweeteners, such as the reason for consumption, the presença of pathologies, products consumed, frequency of consumption, amount ingested, and body weight. The collected data were tabulated in Microsoft Office Excel 2013. It was found that the main reason for the consumption of diet/light products and liquid tabletop sweeteners and sachets is the concern with health, it was also observed that the majority(51%) claimed to know the sweetener used in formation of the products consumed and that the intake of diet/light products was directly proporcional to the education and income of the participants. Last but not least, it was also verified that none of the participants exceeded the acceptable daily intake index, thus the consumption of these products did not pose any toxicological risk to the group studied. Los edulcorantes, son sustancias químicas con la capacidad de sustituir total o parcialmente al azúcar, formulados por primera vez para satisfacer a la población diabética, actualmente se utilizan cada vez más para reducir y controlar la ingesta de calorías por parte de la población. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la percepción de los consumidores sobre el consumo de edulcorantes y determinar los valores de ingesta diaria de este aditivo por parte de los participantes. La metodología del trabajo consistió en la aplicación de un cuestionario a través de Google Forms con preguntas relativas a datos demográficos y al perfil del consumidor de alimentos con edulcorantes, como el motivo de consumo, la presencia de patología, los productos consumidos, la frecuencia de consumo, la cantidad ingerida y el peso corporal. Los datos recogidos se tabularon en Microsoft Office Excel 2013. Se comprobó que la principal razón para el consumo de productos dietéticos/light y edulcorantes líquidos de mesa y de sobremesa es la preocupación por la salud, también se observó que la mayoría (51%) afirmó conocer el edulcorante utilizado en la formulación de los productos consumidos y que la ingesta de productos dietéticos/light era directamente proporcional a la educación y los ingresos de los participantes. Por último, pero no menos importante, también se comprobó que ninguno de los participantes superó el índice de ingesta diaria aceptable, por lo que el consumo de estos productos no supuso ningún riesgo toxicológico para el grupo estudiado. Os adoçantes ou edulcorantes, são substâncias químicas com capacidade de substituir total ou parcialmente o açúcar, primeiramente formulados para atender a população diabética, atualmente estão sendo cada vez mais utilizados para reduzir e controlar o consumo de calorias pela população. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a percepção dos consumidores sobre o consumo de edulcorantes e determinar os valores de ingestão diária desse aditivo pelos participantes. A metodologia do trabalho consistiu na aplicação de um questionário via Google Forms com perguntas relativas a dados demográficos e sobre o perfil do consumidor de alimentos com edulcorantes, como o motivo do consumo, a presença de patologia, produtos consumidos, a frequência de consumo, a quantidade ingerida e o peso corpóreo. Os dados coletados foram tabulados no Microsoft Office Excel 2013. Verificou-se que o principal motivo do consumo de produtos diet/light e adoçantes de mesa líquidos e sachês é a preocupação com a saúde, também foi observado que a maioria (51%) alegou conhecer o adoçante utilizado na formulação dos produtos consumidos e que a ingestão de produtos diet/light foi diretamente proporcional à escolaridade e renda dos participantes. Por último e não menos importante, também foi verificado que nenhum dos participantes ultrapassou o índice de ingestão diária aceitável, sendo assim, o consumo desses produtos não representou risco toxicológico ao grupo estudado.

Supported by national funds through FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia by grants to Paula Gomes (SFRH / BD / 145118 / 2019) and Micaela Martins (SFRH / BD / 143869 / 2019).

O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar os aspectos geoambientais e os impactos socioambientais associados à expansão urbana da região Sul da cidade de Teresina/Piauí, subsidiando estudos para o planejamento ambiental e urbano. Metodologicamente, fez-se uso de leitura bibliográfica e teórico-conceitual, levantamento cartográfico e documental, verificação in loco, bem como técnicas de geoprocessamento e sensoriamento. Com base nos estudos foi verificado a variedade de interferências antrópicas, onde impactam as características geoambientais da área causando danos socioambientais à comunidade local. Os valores de uso, ocupação e cobertura da terra expressam essa pressão antrópica ao passo que, ao longo de 27 anos (1990-2017), a classe vegetação teve uma diminuição de 1.155,4ha e a classe áreas urbanas teve um aumento de 394,8ha e solo exposto aumentou 146,2ha. Os principais impactos identificados e relacionados à expansão urbana foram: esgoto e lixo a céu aberto, queimadas/fumaça, alagamento, desmatamento, geração de poeiras e ruídos além de ocupações irregulares e extração de recursos minerais. Dessa forma, considera-se que a área carece de estudos e ações acerca do planejamento urbano e ambiental de modo que propicie a mitigação dos impactos identificados.

Inspired by previous disclosure of room-temperature ionic liquids derived from primaquine and cinnamic acids, which displayed slightly enhanced blood-stage activity compared to the parent drug, we have now combined this emblematic antimalarial with natural fatty acids. This affords surface-active ionic liquids whose liver-stage antiplasmodial activity is either retained or slightly enhanced, while revealing blood-stage antiplasmodial activity at least one order of magnitude higher than that of the parent compound. These findings open new perspectives towards the cost-effective recycling of classical drugs that are either shelved or in decline, and which is not limited to antimalarial agents.

O presente trabalho propõe-se fazer uma reflexão sobre o maravilhoso na narrativa breve de Mia Couto, em especial sobre o papel central dos animais e a forma como estes interagem com os deuses e os antepassados, revelando-se os tradutores das suas palavras, das suas mensagens, junto dos vivos. Vagueando entre o real e o onírico, entre a vida e a morte, sofrem metamorfoses, indicam presságios, participam nos feitiços da comunidade, estabelecendo, assim, pontes entre a tradição e a modernidade. No primeiro capítulo, pretendemos apontar as diferentes fases da literatura moçambicana e as suas principais linhas, nela inserindo a obra de Mia Couto. No segundo capítulo, tentámos traçar o percurso de vida do escritor, desde a sua infância, passada na Beira até aos dias de hoje e abordámos, de forma breve, o percurso histórico-geográfico do conto e a sua importância no continente africano, onde o conto oral busca as suas raízes nas origens mais profundas das culturas africanas. No terceiro capítulo, partindo do conceito de “fantasia literária”, esboçámos uma aproximação teórica do maravilhoso, incidindo sobretudo na sua faceta de sobrenatural aceite e naturalizado e na sua articulação com o natural e o real. Refletimos sobre a importância do mito na construção da história e da identidade dos povos, concretamente no continente africano. Ainda neste capítulo, abordámos a importância e a simbologia dos animais neste continente. No capítulo quarto, analisámos o papel e a importância dos animais presentes nos contos, partindo da visão do mundo que o maravilhoso encerra e que nos remete para uma representação literária do imaginário tradicional dos vários povos que constituem o mosaico moçambicano. O maravilhoso torna-se assim um processo através do qual se afirma a identidade, se constrói a moçambicanidade, recuperando os ritos, as crenças e as conceções do mundo, marcados pelo mito e pelo sagrado. This work proposes to reflect on the marvellous in Mia Couto's short narrative, in particular on the central role of animals and the way they interact with Gods and ancestors, revealing themselves as the translators of their words, of their messages, to the living. Wandering between the real and the oneiric, between life and death, they undergo metamorphoses, indicate omens, participate in the community's spells, thus establishing bridges between tradition and modernity. In the first chapter, we intend to point out the different phases of Mozambican literature and its main lines, including the work of Mia Couto. In the second chapter, we tried to trace the writer's life path, from his childhood, spent in Beira to the present day, and briefly discussed the historical-geographic path of the short story and its importance in the African continent, where the oral tale seeks its roots in the deepest origins of African cultures. In the third chapter, starting from the concept of “literary fantasy”, we sketched a theoretical approach to the marvellous, focusing mainly on his dimension of the accepted and naturalised supernatural and articulation with the natural and the real. We reflect on the importance of myth in the construction of the history and identity of peoples, specifically on the African continent. Also in this chapter, we discussed the importance and symbolism of animals on this continent. In chapter four, we analyse the role and importance of animals present in the tales, starting from the vision of the world that the marvellous encloses and which leads us to a literary representation of the traditional imagination of the various peoples that make up the Mozambican mosaic. The marvellous thus becomes a process through which the identity is affirmed, the Mozambicanity is built, recovering the rites, beliefs and conceptions of the world, marked by myth and the sacred.

Objective: To understand the safety culture found in the operating room. Methodology: This is an integrative literature review that used the PRISMA methodology as a guide in publications over the last five years (2015 to 2020) in the MEDLINE, PUBMED, LILACS and BDENF - Nursing in English, Portuguese, Spanish and texts available in full. To extract data from the articles, an instrument was developed containing the following variants: title, author, year, database, crossing of descriptors, period, type of study, population, sample, study site, safety adherence, evaluation of patient safety, study contribution to the health team. Results: Five articles were selected after exclusion due to escape from the topic, unavailability of the full text and that answered the guiding question: “What is the safety culture present in the operating room?”. After careful analysis, it was observed that the safety culture in the surgical environment is considered a key element to reduce adverse events and aims to ensure that surgical teams develop safety protocols critically. Conclusion: Health institutions increasingly use the evaluation of the safety culture as a strategy to ensure quality care, with the absence of errors and adverse events. Objetivo: Comprender la cultura de seguridad que se encuentra en el quirófano. Metodología: Se trata de una revisión integradora de la literatura que utilizó la metodología PRISMA como guía en las publicaciones de los últimos cinco años (2015 a 2020) en MEDLINE, PUBMED, LILACS y BDENF - Enfermería en inglés, portugués, español y textos disponibles en su totalidad. Para extraer datos de los artículos, se desarrolló un instrumento que contiene las siguientes variantes: título, autor, año, base de datos, cruce de descriptores, período, tipo de estudio, población, muestra, sitio de estudio, adherencia a la seguridad, evaluación de la seguridad del paciente, estudio contribución al equipo de salud. Resultados: Se seleccionaron cinco artículos luego de la exclusión por escape del tema, falta de disponibilidad del texto completo y que respondieron a la pregunta orientadora: “¿Cuál es la cultura de seguridad presente en el quirófano?”. Después de un análisis cuidadoso, se observó que la cultura de seguridad en el entorno quirúrgico se considera un elemento clave para reducir los eventos adversos y tiene como objetivo garantizar que los equipos quirúrgicos desarrollen protocolos de seguridad de manera crítica. Conclusión: Las instituciones de salud utilizan cada vez más la evaluación de la cultura de seguridad como estrategia para asegurar una atención de calidad, sin errores y eventos adversos. Objetivo: Conhecer a cultura de segurança encontrada no centro cirúrgico. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura que utilizou como guia a metodologia PRISMA nas publicações no período dos últimos cinco anos (2015 a 2020) nas bases de dados MEDLINE, PUBMED, LILACS e BDENF - Enfermagem nos idiomas inglês, português, espanhol e textos disponíveis na íntegra. Para extração dos dados dos artigos elaborou-se um instrumento contendo as seguintes variantes: título, autor, ano, base de dados, cruzamento de descritores, período, tipo de estudo, população, amostra, local de estudo, adesão da segurança, avaliação da segurança do paciente, contribuição do estudo para equipe de saúde. Resultados: Foram selecionados 5 artigos após exclusão por fuga ao tema, indisponibilidade de texto na íntegra e que respondiam à questão norteadora: “Qual cultura de segurança presente no centro cirúrgico?”. Após análise criteriosa, observou-se que a cultura de segurança no ambiente cirúrgico é considerada um elemento chave para reduzir eventos adversos e visa garantir que equipes cirúrgicas desenvolvam os protocolos de segurança com criticidade. Conclusão: As Instituições de saúde cada vez mais utilizam como estratégia a avaliação da cultura de segurança, para garantir uma assistência de qualidade, com ausência de erros e eventos adversos.

Introduction: The diagnosis of chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (CHP) is based on relevant exposure, tomographic findings and, in some cases, pathological data. The role of bronchoscopy is uncertain, especially in the fibrotic form of CHP. Aim: To analyze the yield of transbronchial biopsy (TBBx) in patients with CHP according to tomographic findings and to evaluate the importance of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in the diagnostic approach. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed patients with CHP who underwent TBBx in São Paulo, Brazil. The TBBx findings were classified as characteristic (granulomas and/or multinucleated giant cells, associated or not with peribronchiolar infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells and bronchiolocentric distribution) and supportive (data indicative of small airway injury: peribronchiolar metaplasia, organizing pneumonia, and intra-alveolar foamy macrophages). Results: One hundred nine patients were included. The presence of characteristic findings of HP was seen in 16 patients (14.7%), and supportive findings were seen in 32 patients (29.4%), with a total yield of 44%. Pathological characteristic findings were more common in cases without fibrosis on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) (27.3% vs. 9.2%, p= 0.014), whereas the presence of supportive findings was more common in fibrotic HP (38.1% vs. 9.1%, p= 0.002). Fifty-two patients had differential cytology in BAL fluid. Lymphocytosis (> 20%) was present in 51.9% of the patients. There was no difference in the median lymphocyte count according to nonfibrotic and fibrotic tomographic findings on HRCT. Conclusion: TBBx and BAL fluid cytology have a role in CHP diagnosis.

Pérez, Carlos Daniel, Cordeiro, Ralf Tarciso Silva, Williams, Gary C., Gomes, Paula Braga (2021): Revised nomenclature of the sea pen genus Balticina Gray, 1870 (= Halipteris Kölliker, 1870) (Anthozoa: Octocorallia). Zootaxa 4966 (2): 237-244, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4966.2.10

Genus Balticina Gray, 1870 Halipteris K��lliker, 1870 Norticina Gray, 1870 Osteocella Gray, 1870 Pavonaria K��lliker, 1870 (invalid, preoccupied by Pavonaria Schweigger, 1819) Verrillia Stearns, 1873 Rakollikeria nom. nov. (substitute name for Pavonaria K��lliker, 1870 preoccupied by Pavonaria Schweigger, 1819), Published as part of P��rez, Carlos Daniel, Cordeiro, Ralf Tarciso Silva, Williams, Gary C. & Gomes, Paula Braga, 2021, Revised nomenclature of the sea pen genus Balticina Gray, 1870 (= Halipteris K��lliker, 1870) (Anthozoa: Octocorallia), pp. 237-244 in Zootaxa 4966 (2) on page 243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4966.2.10, http://zenodo.org/record/4736352, {"references":["Gray, J. E. (1870) Catalogue of the sea-pens or Pennatulariidae in the collection of the British Museum. British Museum, London, 40 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11307","Schweigger, A. F. (1819) Beobachtungen auf naturhistorischen Reisen. Anatomisch-Physiologische Untersuchungen uber Corallen. Reimer, Berlin, 188 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 14416"]}

Pavonaria (junior synonym of Funiculina) Cuvier (1817) referred to all the generic groups cited in his work by nomina vernacula. For already existing genera, he also specified the Latin name in parentheses together with an abbreviation of the author���s name [e.g. Les ��ponges (Spongia L.), Les Mill��pores (Millepora L.), Les Renilles (Renilla L.), Les Pennatules (Pennatula Cuv.)], but he did not devise scientific names for his newly proposed taxa (e.g. Les Pavonaires Cuv., Les Scirp��aires Cuv., Les Ombellulaires Cuv.). According to Article 12.3 of ICZN4, a vernacular name cannot serve as an ���indication��� to make available a name that lacks a description or definition. For this reason, the name ���Les Pavonaires��� proposed by Cuvier (1817) is unavailable. In fact, all of the new genus-level names proposed by Cuvier (1817) first became available later, in works using their Latin equivalents (e.g. Umbellula Gray, 1870 for Les Ombellulaires Cuv.). Oken (1817) published a study comparing Cuvier���s classification to his own, listing all genera of the Animal Kingdom and mentioning the name Pavonaria within the group ��� Pennatula ���. For reasons mentioned in above in the Introduction, this was a nomem nudum and Schweigger (1819) was the first to make the name Pavonaria available. Although several studies in the 19th century (Cuvier, 1836; Richiardi, 1869; Gray, 1870, and even Schweigger, 1819, 1820) attributed the authorship of Pavonaria to Cuvier, and publications in the 20th century attributed it to Schweigger (1820) (K��kenthal, 1915; Deichmann, 1936, Williams, 1995), the correct citation for this taxon is Pavonaria Schweigger, 1819., Published as part of P��rez, Carlos Daniel, Cordeiro, Ralf Tarciso Silva, Williams, Gary C. & Gomes, Paula Braga, 2021, Revised nomenclature of the sea pen genus Balticina Gray, 1870 (= Halipteris K��lliker, 1870) (Anthozoa: Octocorallia), pp. 237-244 in Zootaxa 4966 (2) on page 240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4966.2.10, http://zenodo.org/record/4736352, {"references":["Gray, J. E. (1870) Catalogue of the sea-pens or Pennatulariidae in the collection of the British Museum. British Museum, London, 40 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11307","Oken, L. (1817) Cuviers und Okens Zoologien neben einander gestellt. Isis oder Encyclopadische Zeitung von Oken, 1 (VIII, 144 - 148), 1145 - 1186.","Schweigger, A. F. (1819) Beobachtungen auf naturhistorischen Reisen. Anatomisch-Physiologische Untersuchungen uber Corallen. Reimer, Berlin, 188 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 14416","Richiardi, S. (1869) Monografia della famiglia dei Pennatularii. Archivio per la zoologia l'anatomia e la fisiologia, Series 2, 1, 1 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9116","Schweigger, A. F. (1820) Handbuch der Naturgeschichte der skelettlosen ungegliederten Thiere. Dyk'schen Buchhandlung, Leipzig, 776 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 59209","Kukenthal, W. (1915) Pennatularia. In: Das Tierreich. Vol. 43. Verlag von R. Friedlander, Berlin, pp. 1 - 132.","Williams, G. C. (1995) Living genera of sea pens (Coelenterata: Octocorallia: Pennatulacea): Illustrated key and synopses. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 113, 93 - 140. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1995. tb 00929. x"]}

Gomes, Paula Akeho de Albuquerque, Hermes, Marcel Gustavo, Macedo, Margarete Valverde, Frieiro-Costa, Fernando Antônio (2021): Natural history and population dynamics of the subsocial tortoise beetle Omaspides (Paromaspides) brunneosignata Boheman 1854 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae). Journal of Natural History 54 (31-32): 1973-1992, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1833997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2020.1833997

Introdução: O médico que atua em uma unidade de emergência se defronta com casos que exigem uma rápida decisão e intervenção. Tais situações implicam em na possibilidade de grande desgaste para o profissional, pois as suas decisões ter importantes repercussões para os pacientes e seus familiares. Alguns pacientes que buscam atendimento em emergência hospitalar já estão com doenças avançadas, inclusive podendo estar fora de possibilidades terapêuticas de cura. Estes pacientes podem ter tratamentos desproporcionais ao seu estado de saúde. Alguns destes pacientes já podem ter tomado decisões sobre tratamentos futuros, por meio de Diretivas Antecipadas de Vontade (DAV). Uma importante questão de investigação envolve os fatores que podem interferir na tomada de decisão dos médicos diante de Diretivas Antecipadas de Vontade de pacientes. Objetivos: avaliar o desenvolvimento psicológico-moral e o posicionamento dos médicos, que atuam em um serviço de emergência hospitalar, em termos de conhecimentos, sentimentos e valores associados a tomada de decisão envolvendo Diretivas Antecipadas de Vontade de pacientes. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo observacional transversal, no ano de 2018, envolvendo 43 médicos que atuam no Serviço de Emergência Adulto do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA). Foram utilizados dois instrumentos previamente utilizados em outra pesquisa semelhante, realizada em unidades de terapia intensiva. O primeiro questionário é composto por dados demográficos e características profissionais dos médicos, como idade; sexo; tempo de atividade em Emergência; assim como por questões envolvendo conhecimentos, sentimentos e valores associados. O segundo instrumento avalia o desenvolvimento psicológico-moral individual, por meio de uma escala já validada. Os dados foram avaliados por meio de métodos mistos, ou seja, de forma qualitativa e quantitativa. Resultados: Todos os médicos avaliados tem capacidade para tomar decisão e 75% deles já conheciam Diretivas Antecipadas de Vontade. Na opinião dos médicos a vontade do paciente deve ser determinante, mas com a validação dos familiares. Considerações Finais: a maioria dos médicos já tinha conhecimento prévio sobre Diretivas Antecipadas de Vontade e se posicionaram a favor da utilização deste tipo de documento mesmo em uma Emergência Hospitalar. Os médicos reconhecem a necessidade de amparo legal que permita maior segurança na sua utilização. Introduction: The physician acting in an emergency unit is faced with cases that require a quick decision and intervention. Such situations imply in the possibility of great distress for the professional, as their decisions have important repercussions for the patients and their families. Some patients who seek emergency hospital care are already suffering from advanced diseases, and may even be out of therapeutic possibilities of cure. These patients may have treatments disproportionate to their health. Some of these patients may already have made decisions about future treatments, through Living Wills. An important research question involves the factors that may interfere with doctors' decision making under patients' Living Wills. Objectives: to evaluate the psychological-moral development and positioning of doctors, who act in a hospital emergency service, in terms of knowledge, feelings and values associated with decision making involving patients’ Living Wills. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study in 2018, was conducted involving 43 physicians who work in the Adult Emergency at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA). Data was collected using two instruments, previously used in another similar research, carried out in intensive care units. One questionnaire to collect physicians’ demographic and professional characteristics data, such as age; sex; time of activity in Emergency; and questions involving knowledge, feelings and associated values. The second instrument evaluates the individual moral-psychological development, through a validated scale. The data were evaluated through mixed methods, that is, in a qualitative and quantitative approach. Results: All doctors evaluated have the capacity to make decisions and 75% of them already knew Living Wills. In the opinion of the doctors the will of the patient should be determinant, but with the validation of the relatives. Final Considerations: Most of the doctors already had previous knowledge about Living Wills and were in favor of using this type of document even in a Hospital Emergency. The doctors recognize the need for legal support that allows greater safety in its use.

In addition to the morphophysiological changes experienced by amphibians during metamorphosis, they must also deal with a different set of environmental constraints when they shift from the water to the land. We found that Pithecopus azureus secretes a single peptide ([M + H]+ = 658.38 Da) at the developmental stage that precedes the onset of terrestrial behaviour. De novo peptide and cDNA sequencing revealed that the peptide, named PaT-2, is expressed in tandem and is a member of the tryptophyllins family. In silico studies allowed us to identify the position of reactive sites and infer possible antioxidant mechanisms of the compounds. Cell-based assays confirmed the predicted antioxidant activity in mammalian microglia and neuroblast cells. The potential neuroprotective effect of PaT-2 was further corroborated in FRET-based live cell imaging assays, where the peptide prevented lipopolysaccharide-induced ROS production and glutamate release in human microglia. In summary, PaT-2 is the first peptide expressed during the ontogeny of P. azureus, right before the metamorphosing froglet leaves the aquatic environment to occupy terrestrial habitats. The antioxidant activity of PaT-2, predicted by in silico analyses and confirmed by cell-based assays, might be relevant for the protection of the skin of P. azureus adults against increased O2 levels and UV exposure on land compared with aquatic environments.

The membrane-active nature of phospholipase A2-derived peptides makes them potentialcandidates for antineoplastic and antibacterial therapies. Two short 13-mer C-terminal fragmentstaken from snake venom Lys49-PLA2toxins (p-AppK and p-Acl), differing by a leucine/phenylalaninesubstitution, were synthesized and their bioactivity was evaluated. Their capacity to interfere withthe survival of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as with solid and liquid tumorswas assessedin vitro. Toxicity to red blood cells was investigated via in silico andin vitrotechniques.The mode of action was mainly studied by molecular dynamics simulations and membrane permeabi-lization assays. Briefly, both peptides have dual activity, i.e., they act against both bacteria, includingmultidrug-resistant strains and tumor cells. All tested bacteria were susceptible to both peptides,Pseudomonas aeruginosabeing the most affected. RAMOS, K562, NB4, and CEM cells were the mainleukemic targets of the peptides. In general, p-Acl showed more significant activity, suggestingthat phenylalanine confers advantages to the antibacterial and antitumor mechanism, particularlyfor osteosarcoma lines (HOS and MG63). Peptide-based treatment increased the uptake of a DNA-intercalating dye by bacteria, suggesting membrane damage. Indeed, p-AppK and p-Acl did notdisrupt erythrocyte membranes, in agreement with in silico predictions. The latter revealed that thepeptides deform the membrane and increase its permeability by facilitating solvent penetration. Thisphenomenon is expected to catalyze the permeation of solutes that otherwise could not cross thehydrophobic membrane core. In conclusion, the present study highlights the role of a single aminoacid substitution present in natural sequences towards the development of dual-action agents. Inother words, dissecting and fine-tuning biomembrane remodeling proteins, such as snake venomphospholipase A2isoforms, is again demonstrated as a valuable source of therapeutic peptides.

Additional file of High-throughput sequencing and analysis of the gill tissue transcriptome from the deep-sea hydrothermal vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus

The search for foods with a different flavor and less use of additives makes the sourdough bread a promising technology. In addition, adding fruit to bread is a way of obtaining products with interesting technological, sensory, nutritional and functional aspects. Thus, the objective of this research was to make bread using natural fermentation (sourdough) and jaboticaba. Four sourdough were prepared, whole and refined, with and without the addition of jaboticaba. The doughs were fed for 16 days and used as an inoculum for the bread fermentation. Two standard formulations were also prepared, one integral and one refined, totaling six formulations. The sourdough was evaluated for pH and lactic bacteria and breads for specific volume, humidity, total acidity, pH, instrumental texture, water activity, image evaluation of slices, antioxidant capacity and sensory evaluation. The data obtained were submitted to ANOVA and the means to the Tukey t test. Breads with sourdough had lower specific volumes and greater acidity compared to standard formulations. The use of whole meal flour, sourdough and jaboticaba resulted in greater antioxidant capacities. The coloring of the breads with jaboticaba distanced itself a lot from the standard formulation, which caused a strangeness on the part of consumers, who evaluated these breads with lower grades for coloration, appearance, overall impression and purchase intention, although, from the grades obtained, can still be considered as well accepted. La búsqueda de alimentos con un sabor diferente y un menor uso de aditivos hace que la elaboración de pan a partir de masas ácidas sea una tecnología promisora. Además, añadir fruta al pan es una forma de obtener productos con interesantes aspectos tecnológicos, sensoriales, nutricionales y funcionales. Así, el objetivo de esta investigación fue producir pan mediante fermentación natural (masa ácida) y adición de jaboticaba. Fueron preparados cuatro masas ácidas, enteras y refinadas, con y sin adición de jaboticaba. Las masas se alimentaron durante 16 días y se utilizaron como inóculo para la fermentación del pan. También se prepararon dos formulaciones estándar, una integral y otra refinada, totalizando seis formulaciones. Las masas ácidas obtenidas fueron evaluadas para pH y recuento de bacterias lácticas y los panes para volumen específico, humedad, acidez total, pH, textura instrumental, actividad de agua, evaluación de imagen de rodajas, capacidad antioxidante y evaluación sensorial. Los datos obtenidos se sometieron a ANOVA y las medias a la prueba t de Tukey. Los panes con masa ácida tuvieron volúmenes específicos más bajos y mayor acidez en comparación con las formulaciones estándar. El uso de harina integral, masa ácida y jaboticaba resultó en mayores capacidades antioxidantes. La coloración de los panes con jaboticaba se distanció mucho de la formulación estándar, lo que provocó una extrañeza por parte de los consumidores, que evaluaron estos panes con calificaciones inferiores en coloración, apariencia, impresión general e intención de compra, aunque, a partir de las calificaciones obtenidas, todavía puede considerarse como bien aceptado. A busca por alimentos com sabor diferenciado e menor utilização de aditivos torna a elaboração de pães a partir de massas ácidas uma tecnologia pomissora. Somado a isso, a adição de frutos ao pão é uma forma de obtenção de produtos com interessantes aspectos tecnológicos, sensoriais, nutricionais e funcionais. Assim, objetivou-se nessa pesquisa, a elaboração de pães com a utilização de fermentação natural (massa ácida) e adição jabuticaba. Foram preparadas quatro massas ácidas, integral e refinada, com e sem adição de jabuticaba. As massas foram alimentadas durante 16 dias e utilizadas como inóculo para a fermentação de pães. Foram preparadas também duas formulações padrão, uma integral e outra refinada, totalizando seis formulações. As massas ácidas obtidas foram avaliadas quanto ao pH e contagem de bactérias lácticas e os pães quanto ao volume específico, umidade, acidez total, pH, textura instrumental, atividade de água, avaliação de imagem das fatias, capacidade antioxidante e avaliação sensorial. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à ANOVA e as médias ao teste t de Tukey. Os pães com massa ácida apresentaram menores volumes específicos e maior acidez em relação às formulações padrão. A utilização de farinha integral, massa ácida e jabuticaba resultou em maiores capacidades antioxidantes. A coloração dos pães acrescidos de jabuticaba se distanciou muito da formulação padrão, o que causou um estranhamento por parte dos consumidores, que avaliaram esses pães com notas menores para coloração, aparência, impressão global e intenção de compra, embora, a partir das notas obtidas, ainda possam ser considerados como bem aceitos.

The concern of consumers for healthier food products grows more and more. Therefore, it is extremely challenging for the food industry to find ways to satisfy this new market niche through new processes and products that use less or anyone chemical additives and at the same time have better nutritional characteristics. Breads are among the most consumed bakery products worldwide. Originally, they were produced by natural fermentation, a process capable of providing more flavor and increasing its shelf life. The aim of this work was to evaluate the production of sourdough breads with a Brazilian natural fruit pulp, called araticum. Natural starter was evaluated for lactic acid bacteria count and pH. The breads were evaluated regarding specific volume, instrumental color, water activity, moisture content, instrumental texture, antioxidant capacity, pH and total titratable acidity, slices images and sensory properties. The results were statistically evaluated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and comparison of means (HSD Tukey test) with 95 % of confidence. The sourdough breads with araticum fruit pulp showed a lower specific volume and higher crumb firmness, antioxidant activity and acceptance by the consumers, when compared to the standard formulation. These results suggest that natural fermentation is a promising technology to be used, resulting in a commercially viable product. Con la creciente preocupación de los consumidores en obtener productos saludables, la industria debe encontrar formas de satisfacer este nuevo nicho de mercado por medio de nuevos procesos y productos que utilizan menos aditivos y tengan mejores características nutricionales. Los panes son uno de los productos más consumidos en todo el mundo, producidos originalmente con la fermentación natural, un proceso capaz de proporcionar más sabor y aroma al producto y aumentar su vida útil. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la producción y aplicación de fermentación natural en la preparación de panes con la adición de pulpa de araticum. La levadura natural fue evaluada por la puntuación de las bacterias lácticas y el pH. Los panes fueron evaluados por volumen específico, color instrumental, actividad del agua, humedad, textura instrumental, pH y acidez titulable total, capacidad antioxidante, los cortes fueran evaluados por imagen y fue realizada la evaluación sensorial. Los resultados se evaluaron estadísticamente mediante análisis de varianza (ANOVA) y comparación de medias (prueba de Tukey) con un 95% de fiabilidad. Se demostró que los panes con fermentación natural y adición de pulpa de fruta tienen menor volumen, mayor firmeza, mayor actividad antioxidante y la aceptación del consumidor fue similar a la formulación estándar. Estos resultados sugieren que esta es una tecnología prometedora para ser utilizada y un producto comercialmente viable. A preocupação dos consumidores por produtos alimentícios mais saudáveis cresce cada dia mais. Sendo assim, é extremamente desafiador para a indústria de alimentos encontrar maneiras de satisfazer esse novo nicho de mercado, por meio de novos processos e produtos que utilizem menos ou eliminam os aditivos químicos e que ao mesmo tempo possuam melhores características nutricionais. Os pães estão entre os produtos de panificação mais consumidos mundialmente. Originalmente eram produzidos por fermentação natural, um processo capaz de fornecer mais sabor e aroma ao produto e aumentar o tempo de conservação. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a produção e aplicação da fermentação natural na elaboração de pães de forma com adição de polpa de araticum. O fermento natural foi avaliado quanto à contagem de bactérias láticas e pH. Os pães foram avaliados em relação ao volume específico, à cor instrumental, à atividade de água, à umidade, à textura instrumental, ao pH e acidez total titulável, à capacidade antioxidante, à avaliação de imagem das fatias e às propriedades sensoriais. Os resultados foram avaliados estatisticamente por análise de variância (ANOVA) e comparação de médias (teste de Tukey HSD) com confiabilidade de 95 %. Os pães com fermentação natural e adição de polpa de araticum demonstraram ter menor volume específico e maiores firmeza, capacidade antioxidante e aceitação sensorial pelos consumidores, quando comparados à formulação padrão. Os resultados sugerem que a fermentação natural é uma tecnologia promissora para ser utilizada resultando em um produto comercialmente viável.

Introduction: Whipple’s disease is a rare, chronic, systemic disease caused by the actinomycete Tropheryma whipplei. Clinical manifestations vary widely depending on the affected system, the most common being the digestive tract. Case Presentation: The authors report the case of a 52-year-old man with malabsorption syndrome, diarrhea, marked weight loss, melanoderma, and visual and proprioception disorders. Periodic acid-Schiff staining of a proximal small bowel biopsy and peripheral-blood PCR identification of T. whipplei confirmed the disease. The patient was initially treated with intravenous ceftriaxone, followed by oral trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole with significant clinical improvement. Conclusions: This case is reported due to its rarity and the diagnostic challenge it presents. Although uncommon, Whipple’s disease should be considered as a differential diagnosis of malabsorption syndrome due to its systemic impact and possible treatment with targeted antibiotic therapy.

O artigo investiga três filmes do diretor brasileiro Kleber Mendonça Filho, Vinil Verde (2004), O Som ao Redor (2012) e Aquarius (2016), buscando identificar, por meio da análise fílmica, o uso de elementos característicos do gênero cinematográfico do horror em diferentes momentos destas três obras. A recorrência destes elementos nos filmes do diretor e o modo como eles se relacionam com outros regimes de representação localizam essa produção dentro de uma tendência cinematográfica contemporânea já apontada por pesquisadores como Cánepa (2013). This article uses film analysis to investigate three films by Brazilian director Kleber Mendonça Filho, Vinil Verde (2004), O Som ao Redor (2012) and Aquarius (2016), in order to identify the use of elements characteristic of the horror genre. The recurrence of these elements in the director’s films and the way they relate to other representation regimes situates this production within a contemporary cinematographic trend already pointed out by researchers such as Cánepa (2013).

RESUMO Considerando que a participação das mulheres no esporte tem evidenciado desigualdade e assimetria de gênero nas várias funções e âmbitos de atuação, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar como a hegemonia dos homens na função de treinador é negociada e contestada por mulheres que ocupam esta posição. Para tanto, foram entrevistadas 37 treinadoras portuguesas que atuam em esporte individuais e coletivos. Os resultados indicam que a presença no cargo de treinadora não garante uma contestação a esta hegemonia. O caráter generificado atribuído à esta ocupação promove situações discriminatórias que exigem das mulheres ações de empoderamento e agência para que possam modificar estruturas que tendem a perpetuar sua sub-representação. ABSTRACT The participation of women in sports is the subject of analysis of several studies that continuously evidence inequality and asymmetry in relation to men in the different spheres of activity within this field. The objective of this study is to comprehend male hegemony as coaches and how it is accepted and/or contested in the sports environment by identifying attitudes that incorporate this male dominance or that contradict and resist it. The sample of this study is composed of interviews with 37 Portuguese female coaches in both individual and team sports. The results indicate that the presence of women in leadership positions in sports, such as of head coach, does not ensure in itself an objection to male hegemony. It becomes necessary that women incorporate the concept of “agency” in order to identify and implement strategies that resist and consequently change the patriarchal structures that perpetuate the underrepresentation of women in coaching sports.

Genus Paraphelliactis Carlgren, 1928 Diagnosis (after Carlgren 1949 and Li & Xu 2016; modifications in italics) Hormathiidae with well-developed pedal disc. Column divisible into scapus and scapulus, the former strongly tuberculated and provided with a thick cuticle. Sphincter mesogleal, alveolar. Tentacles arranged in five or more cycles, more than or almost equal to mesenteries at the limbus, with or without mesogleal thickenings on the aboral side. Longitudinal muscles of tentacles ectodermal, radial muscles of oral disc ectodermal or more or less mesogleal. Two well developed siphonoglyphs. Mesenteries hexamerously arranged in five cycles, usually six pairs perfect and sterile, last cycle incomplete or complete. Retractors of mesenteries diffuse and weak. Parietobasilar muscles weak. Acontia well developed. No cinclides. Cnidom: Robust and gracile spirocysts, basitrichs, and microbasic p -mastigophores. Type species: Paraphelliactis spinosa Carlgren, 1928, Published as part of De Melo, Yago A., Targino, Alessandra K. G. & Gomes, Paula B., 2020, New records of family Hormathiidae (Cnidaria: Actiniaria) from Brazilian coast with description of Paraphelliactis labiata n. sp., pp. 557-574 in Zootaxa 4766 (4) on page 560, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4766.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3765725, {"references":["Carlgren, O. (1928) Actiniaria der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer \" Valdivia \" 1898 - 1899, 22, 125 - 266. [reprint 1 - 144]","Carlgren, O. (1949) A survey of the Ptychodactiaria, Corallimorpharia and Actiniaria. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, 1, 1 - 121.","Li, Y. & Xu, K. (2016) Paraphelliactis tangi n. sp. and Phelliactis yapensis n. sp., two new deep-sea species of Hormathiidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) from a seamount in the tropical Western Pacific. Zootaxa, 4072 (3), 358 - 372. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4072.3.5"]}

Phelliactis sp. (Fig. 2D, 6A,E-F, Table 6) Material examined: MNRJ 9094. (one specimen), South Atlantic Ocean, Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT 83-2 (04° 27.0256’S, 036° 25.6086’W), May 21, 2011, 1896–1931 m. Description. Tall, cylindrical, cream-colored body, somewhat asymmetrical, 13.5 cm high by 6.5 cm width on its longest axis. A big manganese nodule was retained almost completely inside the body, forming a distinct cavity at the base with half the height of the sea anemone (Fig. 6A). The pedal disc was very damaged and mesenteries and associated structures at the aboral side printed on the rock when it was removed for further observation. Column divisible into a smooth, light pink scapulus, withdrawn due to contraction of the oral disc, and a thick, tuberculated scapus. Between 150 and 160 flat to conical tubercles, some with pointed tips, forming longitudinal and transverse rows (Fig. 6E). Oral disc large, bilobed. Approximately 140 short, thin, threadlike tentacles distributed in two marginal cycles. Deep actinopharynx, about two-thirds the length of the body. Two large siphonoglyphs, each attached to a pair of directive mesenteries. Five cycles of mesenteries at the mid-column. Mesenteries are less numerous at the oral side, where four cycles are observed near the oral disc. First and second cycles perfect, including directives, other cycles imperfect. Retractor muscles weak and diffuse (Fig. 6F). Longitudinal muscle of tentacles ectodermal. Radial muscles of the oral disc meso-ectodermal, stronger over the exocoels than over the endocoels. Mesogleal marginal sphincter, alveolar, weak, stratified in the upper portion of the column, where it forms a broader band but abruptly tapering downwards showing scattered and elongated alveoli in longitudinal rows. Acontia rare and small. No gametogenic tissue observed. Cnidom. Spirocysts, Basitrichs, Microbasic p -mastigophores (Table 6). Remarks. Seven species of Phelliactis are registered in the South Atlantic Ocean (data from Ocean Biogeographic Information System- https://obis.org/), but only three of them are known from Brazil: Ph. capricornis, Ph. pelophila, and Ph. robusta (present study). The correct identification of species for this genus requires caution and a minute analysis (Doumenc 1975), which was not possible with the material at hand. Nonetheless, we find it to be distinct from the other Phelliactis species found in the studied area. For example, Ph. robusta, possesses strictly six pairs of perfect mesenteries and also differs from Phelliactis sp. in coloration and thickness of the column., Published as part of De Melo, Yago A., Targino, Alessandra K. G. & Gomes, Paula B., 2020, New records of family Hormathiidae (Cnidaria: Actiniaria) from Brazilian coast with description of Paraphelliactis labiata n. sp., pp. 557-574 in Zootaxa 4766 (4) on pages 568-570, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4766.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3765725, {"references":["Doumenc, D. (1975) Actinies bathyales et abyssales de l'ocean Atlantique nord. Familles des Hormathiidae (genres Paracalliactis et Phelliactis) et des Actinostolidae (genres Actinoscyphia et Sicyonis). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 197, 157 - 204."]}

Phelliactis robusta Carlgren, 1928 (Fig. 2C, 6D, Table 5) Phelliactis robusta Carlgren 1928; 1942; Riemann-Zürneck 1973; Doumenc, 1975; Fautin et al. 2005. Material examined. MNRJ 9093 (one specimen), South Atlantic Ocean, Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT 82-2 (04° 33.1742’S, 036° 15.0847’W), May 20, 2011, 2030–2074 m. MOUFPE-CNI 867 (one specimen), South Atlantic Ocean, Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT 82-2 (04° 33.1742’S, 036° 15.0847’W), May 20, 2011, 2030–2074 m. LC 152 (three specimens), South Atlantic Ocean, Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT 82-2 (04° 33.1742’S, 036° 15.0847’W), May 20, 2011, 2030–2074 m. Description. Large sea anemones, with specimens reaching 111.6 mm high and 33.7 to 59.4 mm wide. Pedal disc well developed, wrapping rocks or glass sponge threads (Fig. 6D). Column very thick, divided into scapus and scapulus. Scapus provided with very thick, polyhedric, sometimes flat tubercles, that form well-marked furrows where the thin cuticle can be seen. Scapulus strongly tuberculated, with tubercles irregularly arranged and decreasing in size towards the oral disc. No cinclides. Oral disc large, bilobed and asymmetrical. Tentacles large and threadlike, with mesogleal thickenings at the base, measuring approximately 11 mm in length. Tentacles nearly 130 in number, arranged in five marginal cycles. Two siphonoglyphs, each attached to a pair of directive mesenteries. Mesenteries hexamerously arranged in five cycles (6+6+12+24+48), more numerous at the base, where they are approximately 150 in number. First cycle perfect and sterile, other cycles imperfect. Gametogenic tissue from the second to fourth cycle of mesenteries. Marginal sphincter mesogleal, alveolar, positioned near the endodermal side. Retractor muscles weak and diffuse. Longitudinal musculature of tentacles ectodermal. Parietobasilar muscles poorly developed. Acontia present. Cnidom. Spirocysts, Basitrichs, Microbasic p -mastigophores (Table 5). Remarks. The specimens in this study were collected at depths greater than 2000 meters, which is consistent with the bathymetry known for the species, which may reach over 2400 m depth (Molodtsova et al. 2008). The largest individual was attached to a rock and a smaller one was attached to branches of a hexactinellid sponge (Fig. 6D). Several foraminifera species, as well as Diacria sp. shells and sponge spicules, were found inside the gastric cavity of these specimens. Riemann-Zürneck (1973) was the first author to present the cnidom of the column for the species, reporting the absence of microbasic p -mastigophores, often found in other Phelliactis species. We also did not find such cnidae in the column of our specimens and the description of our samples perfectly matches those of Riemann-Zürneck (1973) and Doumenc (1975) for specimens from the North Atlantic. Geographic distribution. Phelliactis robusta is in the Eastern North Atlantic Ocean from depths as great as 2100m (Van Praet et al. 1990). We register the species for the first time in the South Atlantic Ocean (Potiguar Basin, RN, Brazil)., Published as part of De Melo, Yago A., Targino, Alessandra K. G. & Gomes, Paula B., 2020, New records of family Hormathiidae (Cnidaria: Actiniaria) from Brazilian coast with description of Paraphelliactis labiata n. sp., pp. 557-574 in Zootaxa 4766 (4) on pages 567-568, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4766.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3765725, {"references":["Carlgren, O. (1928) Actiniaria der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer \" Valdivia \" 1898 - 1899, 22, 125 - 266. [reprint 1 - 144]","Carlgren, O. (1942) Actiniaria II. Danish Ingolf - Expedition, 5 (12), 1 - 92","Riemann-Zurneck, K. (1973) Actiniaria des Sudwestatlantik I. Hormathiidae. Helgolander wiss. Meeresunters, 25, 273 - 325. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 01611200","Doumenc, D. (1975) Actinies bathyales et abyssales de l'ocean Atlantique nord. Familles des Hormathiidae (genres Paracalliactis et Phelliactis) et des Actinostolidae (genres Actinoscyphia et Sicyonis). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 197, 157 - 204.","Fautin, D. G., Daly, M. & Cappola, V. (2005) Sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria) of the Faroe Islands: a preliminary list and biogeographic context. BIOFAR Proceedings, 2005, 77 - 87.","Molodtsova, T. N., Sanamyan, N. P. & Keller, N. B. (2008) Anthozoa from the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge and Charlie-Gibbs fracture zone. Marine Biology Research, 4 (1 - 2), 112 - 130. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000701821744","Van Praet, M., Rice, A. L. & Thurston, M. H. (1990) Reproduction in two deep-sea anemones (Actiniaria); Phelliactis hertwigi and P. robusta. Progress in Oceanography, 24 (1 - 4), 207 - 222. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0079 - 6611 (90) 90031 - V"]}

Paraphelliactis labiata n. sp. (Figs. 2A, 3–5, Tables 1–3) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 72B664B0-6E14-4610-99FF-42374AD8B8F1 Material examined. Holotype: MNRJ 9095 (one specimen), South Atlantic Ocean, Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT84 (04° 25.8308’ S, 036° 37.3678’ W), May 6, 2011, 1964-2045m. Paratypes: MOUFPE- CNI 868 (one specimen), South Atlantic Ocean, Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT 85 (04° 21.3580’S, 036° 44.2730’W), May 4, 2011, 2025–2057m. LC 141 (one specimen), South Atlantic Ocean, Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT 85 (04° 21.3580’S, 036° 44.2730’W), May 4, 2011, 2025–2057m Description. External morphology (Figs. 2A, 3). Column 11 mm to 84 mm in height and 12 mm to 99 mm in width (Figs. 2A, 3 A–B). Body cylindrical, wider than tall. Color a pure white in most of the column, abruptly changing to pale pink towards the aboral side. Base spreads beyond a tapered end but never exceeds the maximum diameter of the animal, hence the body takes a very singular cup shape no matter its size. Column divisible into a strongly tuberculated scapus and a short, smooth scapulus, without cinclides. Tubercles of the scapus conical, pointed, some with very flat with tips withdrawn and longitudinal grooves, not ordered in rows (Fig. 3 A–B). Tubercles are larger at midcolumn and towards the upper scapus, although smaller tubercles are also present near the limbus and at the scapus-scapulus boundary (Fig. 3C). A yellowish cuticle visible between the tubercles in some places. Scapulus thin and concealed due to the retraction of the oral disc. Endocoelic and exocoelic spaces visible as rays running from scapulus to mouth. Oral disc bilobed and broad, with a central oval mouth; mouth remains wide open. Lobes of oral disc unequal in size, usually overlapping (Fig. 3B). Tentacles slender, short, about 140 in number, without basal mesogleal thickenings, arranged in five peripheral cycles hidden inside the terminal fold of the scapus. Those of the inner cycles longer than those of the outer cycles. In the smaller individual, tentacles number approximately 90, with some clearly missing. Internal anatomy (Fig. 4). Two deep siphonoglyphs each attached to a pair of directives (Fig. 4C). Slender mesenteries, hexamerously arranged in five cycles (6+6+12+n+n). First three cycles complete, with all mesenteries present. In counterpart, fourth and fifth cycles incomplete, with the number of mesenteries varying among individuals, but always fewer than expected for a regular hexamerous arrangement. More mesenteries distally than proxi- mally. In the smaller individual, there are 80 near the margin, and 72 at the base level and in the larger individual there are approximately 100 at the margin and 78 to 81 at the limbus. Mesenterial filaments more developed on the older mesenteries than on younger ones. The incomplete fourth and fifth cycles have very small mesenteries. The last one is visible as tiny, unpaired projections, merely breaking through the mesoglea and present throughout the column (Fig. 4 D-E). Mesoglea of equal thickness in both endocoelic and exocoelic spaces at the oral disc region. Sphincter mesogleal, weak, restricted to the central part of the mesoglea where it occupies about a quarter of its space at the upper portion but abruptly tapers downwards (Fig. 4A). Muscular processes of the sphincter form somewhat sparse, not very marked bands, tending to align vertically. Longitudinal muscles of the tentacles weak, ectodermal (Fig. 4B). Retractor weak, diffuse, stronger at the distal part of the mesenteries (Fig. 4D). Parietobasilar muscles weak. Radial musculature of the oral disc ectodermal. Acontia present but rare, probably associated with the second cycle of mesenteries. No gametogenic tissues found. Cnidom. Spirocysts, Basitrichs, Microbasic p -mastigophores (Fig. 5, Table 2). Type locality. Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Biological characteristics. Individuals originally attached to manganese nodules or slivers of wood (Fig. 3D). Etymology. The specific epithet “labiata” (from Latin: lips) alludes to the bilobed appearance of the oral disc, resembling a set of lips. Taxonomic remarks. The presence of a thick cuticle covering most of the body wall has been reported from all species of Paraphelliactis. Although small fragments of a yellowish cuticle were observed in our specimens, these fragments were few and restricted to the limbus and some cracks between the tubercles. The almost complete lack of cuticle could be explained by high abrasion from sediment, due to the method of collection. Carlgren (1949) stated that Paraphelliactis probably possess more tentacles than mesenteries at the base. An interesting feature not mentioned by Carlgren’s key (1949) but reported for most of Paraphelliactis species is the occurrence of an incomplete fifth cycle of mesenteries (except for Pa. tangi Li & Xu, 2016, which exhibits all five cycles complete). Li & Xu (2016) describe a small paratype for Pa. tangi, with only four cycles of mesenteries. However, this last cycle is fully complete, corroborating the distinct pattern of mesenterial development for the species and showing that the total numbers of such structures may vary according to the individual life stages. Although all our specimens differ in size and development, they have identical body shapes and share the same mesenterial arrangement pattern (five cycles with the last two incomplete), due to this is very unlikely that Pa. labiata is a juvenile of another species of the genus. Comparison of Pa. labiata n. sp. with other species of Paraphelliactis The type species of Paraphelliactis, Pa. spinosa Carlgren, 1928, and the later-described Pa. michaelsarsi Carlgren, 1934, were originally recorded for the North Atlantic Ocean. Two more species were registered from the Pacific Ocean, Pa. pabista Dunn, 1982 from the west coast of North America and Pa. tangi, collected near the Yap Trench at the western Pacific, totaling four valid species within the genus. This newly described species differs from its congeners in having the last two cycles of mesenteries incomplete, rather than just the fifth. In addition, the number of tentacles combined with the arrangement of the tubercles, and also the absence of basal thickenings in the tentacles differentiates the new species from its congeners (see Table 3). Paraphelliactis labiata n. sp. does not exhibit the characteristic hooked tubercles of Pa. spinosa. Although well detailed, the original description of Pa. michaelsarsi was of a single specimen in very poor preservation, and is therefore limited in some aspects, as pointed by the author himself (Carlgren, 1934). Nonetheless, Pa. labiata n. sp. differs from Pa. michaelsarsi by the presence of a smaller category of nematocysts (basitrichs) in the actinopharynx and tentacles and by possessing a very clear differentiation between the scapus and scapulus region vs. indistinct differentiation of the column in Pa. michaelsarsi. Paraphelliactis labiata n. sp. can be easily distinguished from Pa. pabista on the arrangement of the tubercles (not arranged in rows vs. arranged in rows in the latter). Our new species share a few characters with the lately described Pa. tangi (e.g. the absence of mesogleal thickenings at the base of the tentacles), but the latter is distinct from all the other species of Paraphelliactis, including Pa. labiata, in having an equal number of mesenteries throughout the column and a complete fifth cycle of mesenteries.

Monactis vestita (Gravier, 1918) (Figs. 2B, 6 B-C, Table 4) Paractis vestita Gravier, 1918 Monactis vestita: Riemann-Zürneck 1986; Zamponi & Acuña 1992; White et al. 1999; Deserti et al. 2012 Material examined. MNRJ 9082 (one specimen), South Atlantic Ocean, Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station Teste1000 (04° 9.3700’S, 036° 50.5998’W), April 30, 2011, 890– 900 m. MNRJ 9090 (two specimens), South Atlantic Ocean, Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT 62 (04° 44.1888’S, 036° 24.9309’W), May 7, 2011, 425– 448 m. MOUFPE-CNI 869 (ten specimens), South Atlantic Ocean, Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station Teste1000 (04° 9.3700’S, 036° 50.5998’W), April 30, 2011, 890– 900 m. MOUFPE-CNI 870 (eleven specimens), South Atlantic Ocean, Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT 62 (04° 44.1888’S, 036° 24.9309’W), May 7, 2011, 425– 448 m. MOUFPE-CNI 871 (four specimens), South Atlantic Ocean, Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT 84 (04° 25.8308’S, 036° 37.3678’W), May 6, 2011, 1964–2045 m. MOUFPE-CNI 872 (three specimens), South Atlantic Ocean, Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT 72 (04° 40.1817’S, 036° 23.8647’W), May 7, 2011, 897– 908 m. MOUFPE-CNI 873 (two specimens), South Atlantic Ocean, Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT 83 (04° 28.3642’S, 036° 24.7602’W), May 4, 2011, 1880–1950 m. LC 142 (eight specimens), South Atlantic Ocean, Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station Teste1000 (04° 9.3700’S, 036° 50.5998’W), April 30, 2011, 890– 900 m. LC 143 (eleven specimens), South Atlantic Ocean, Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT 62 (04° 44.1888’S, 036° 24.9309’W), May 7, 2011, 425– 448 m. LC 144 (eleven specimens), South Atlantic Ocean, Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT 63 (04° 41.7490’S, 036° 31.1670’W), May 8, 2011, 375– 383 m. LC 145 (two specimens), South Atlantic Ocean, Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT 72 (04° 40.1817’S, 036° 23.8647’W), May 7, 2011, 897– 908 m. LC 146 (four specimens), South Atlantic Ocean, Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT 74 (04° 34.1484’S, 036° 41.6035’W), May 7, 2011, 902– 1073 m. LC 147 (one specimen), South Atlantic Ocean, Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT 81 (04° 39.3740’S, 036° 4.6810’W), May 6, 2011, 1960–2003 m. LC 148 (two specimens), South Atlantic Ocean, Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT 83 (04° 28.3642’S, 036° 24.7602’W), May 4, 2011, 1880–1950 m. LC 149 (one specimen), South Atlantic Ocean, Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT 83-2 (04° 27.0256’S, 036° 25.6086’W), May 21, 2011, 1896–1931 m. LC 150 (two specimens), South Atlantic Ocean, Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT 84 (04° 25.8308’S, 036° 37.3678’W), May 6, 2011, 1964– 2045 m. LC 151 (one specimen), South Atlantic Ocean, Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT 85 (04° 21.3580’S, 036° 44.2730’W), May 4, 2011, 2025–2057 m. Description. Column cylindrical and smooth, without any projections and not divided into regions. Body often very short and broad due to the distension of the pedal disc (Fig. 6B). Polyps ranging from 2 mm to 9 mm in height and exceeding 40 mm in diameter. Oral disc withdrawn, visible only in cross sections. Thirty-two tentacles, conical, not very long, tapering to a pointed tip and arranged in two regular cycles (16+16). Tentacles of the inner cycle lon- ger than those of the outer one. No cinclides. Two siphonoglyphs, each attached to a pair of directives. Mesenteries, gametogenic tissue and other inner structures perfectly visible through the thin, distended column. Mesenteries hexamerously arranged in four cycles (6 + 6 + 12 + 24) (Fig. 6C). Only the first cycle perfect and bearing acontia. Acontia small and rare, paler than the mesenterial filaments, lacking completely in some specimens. Specimens with only male or female gametogenic tissue. Sphincter strong, mesogleal, alveolar. Longitudinal muscle of the tentacles ectodermal. Retractor strong and diffuse. Individuals attached to octocoral branches, rocks, or mollusk shells. Cnidom. Spirocysts, Basitrichs, Microbasic p -mastigophores (Table 4). Remarks. Some individuals have the column remarkably distended, especially those attached to big rocks, where the pedal disc sometimes extends beyond its borders, contracting the rest of the column considerably (Fig. 6B). White et al. (1999) indicated high variability of the polyp appearance corresponding to the type of substrata where it is found. In this study, the authors hypothesized that M. vestita is only associated with snails shells in the Pacific Ocean, since previous records in the Atlantic Ocean found it only attached to stones. However, the species have been collected by-catch in Uruguay associated with banks of bivalves (Deserti et al. 2012), and we register for the first time M. vestita on Fissidentalium meridionale scaphopod shells, as well as on those of Drillia sp. (empty shells), supporting the high adaptability of this species to different benthic communities. Regarding the cnidom, we also found two types of spirocysts on tentacles (gracile and robust) similar to White et al. (1999), but unlike them we found three size classes of basitrichs in the tentacles, similar to Riemann-Zürneck (1986). We give the first comprehensive cnidom for specimens from Atlantic Ocean. M. vestita has a large bathymetric range from 200m (recorded in Argentina) to more than 5000m (in northeastern Atlantic Ocean). Geographic distribution. Atlantic Ocean: northeastern Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, Venezuela, Uruguay and Argentina (Gravier 1918; Riemann-Zürneck 1986;, Zamponi & Acuña 1992; Deserti et al. 2012). Pacific Ocean: Oregon (White et al. 1999). This study registers M. vestita for the first time in the Brazilian coast (Bacia Potiguar, RN)., Published as part of De Melo, Yago A., Targino, Alessandra K. G. & Gomes, Paula B., 2020, New records of family Hormathiidae (Cnidaria: Actiniaria) from Brazilian coast with description of Paraphelliactis labiata n. sp., pp. 557-574 in Zootaxa 4766 (4) on pages 565-567, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4766.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3765725, {"references":["Gravier, C. (1918) Note preliminaire sur les hexactiniaires recueillis au cours des croisieres de la Princesse-Alice et de l'Hirondelle de 1888 a 1913 inclusivement. Bulletin de l'Institut Oceanographique, Monaco, 346, 1 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 8664","Riemann-Zurneck, K. (1986) Zur Biogeographie des Sudwestatlantik mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der Seeanemonen (Coelenterata: Actiniaria). Helgolalander Meeresuntersuchungen, 40, 91 - 149. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 01987291","Zamponi, M. O. & Acuna, F. H. (1992) Sobre las caracteristicas gonadales de Monactis vestita (Gravier, 1918), Sensu Riemann- Zurneck, 1986 (Actiniaria, Hormathiidae). Iheringia, Serie Zoology, 72, 151 - 152.","White, T. R., Wakefield Pagels, A. K. & Fautin, D. G. (1999) Abyssal sea anemones (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) of the northeast Pacific symbiotic with molluscs: Anthosactis nomados, a new species, and Monactis vestita (Gravier, 1918). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 112 (4), 637 - 651.","Deserti, M. I., Zamponi, M. O. & Riestra, G. (2012) Las anemonas de mar (Cnidaria; Anthozoa; Actiniaria) de la plataforma continental uruguaya. Revista Real Academia Galega de Ciencias, 31, 115 - 136."]}

Genus Monactis Riemann-Zürneck, 1986 Diagnosis (see Riemann-Zürneck, 1986) Type species: Paractis vestita Gravier, 1918, Published as part of De Melo, Yago A., Targino, Alessandra K. G. & Gomes, Paula B., 2020, New records of family Hormathiidae (Cnidaria: Actiniaria) from Brazilian coast with description of Paraphelliactis labiata n. sp., pp. 557-574 in Zootaxa 4766 (4) on page 565, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4766.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3765725, {"references":["Riemann-Zurneck, K. (1986) Zur Biogeographie des Sudwestatlantik mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der Seeanemonen (Coelenterata: Actiniaria). Helgolalander Meeresuntersuchungen, 40, 91 - 149. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 01987291","Gravier, C. (1918) Note preliminaire sur les hexactiniaires recueillis au cours des croisieres de la Princesse-Alice et de l'Hirondelle de 1888 a 1913 inclusivement. Bulletin de l'Institut Oceanographique, Monaco, 346, 1 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 8664"]}

Paraphelliactis labiata n. sp. (Figs. 2A, 3–5, Tables 1–3) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 72B664B0-6E14-4610-99FF-42374AD8B8F1 Material examined. Holotype: MNRJ 9095 (one specimen), South Atlantic Ocean, Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT84 (04° 25.8308’ S, 036° 37.3678’ W), May 6, 2011, 1964-2045m. Paratypes: MOUFPE- CNI 868 (one specimen), South Atlantic Ocean, Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT 85 (04° 21.3580’S, 036° 44.2730’W), May 4, 2011, 2025–2057m. LC 141 (one specimen), South Atlantic Ocean, Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT 85 (04° 21.3580’S, 036° 44.2730’W), May 4, 2011, 2025–2057m Description. External morphology (Figs. 2A, 3). Column 11 mm to 84 mm in height and 12 mm to 99 mm in width (Figs. 2A, 3 A–B). Body cylindrical, wider than tall. Color a pure white in most of the column, abruptly changing to pale pink towards the aboral side. Base spreads beyond a tapered end but never exceeds the maximum diameter of the animal, hence the body takes a very singular cup shape no matter its size. Column divisible into a strongly tuberculated scapus and a short, smooth scapulus, without cinclides. Tubercles of the scapus conical, pointed, some with very flat with tips withdrawn and longitudinal grooves, not ordered in rows (Fig. 3 A–B). Tubercles are larger at midcolumn and towards the upper scapus, although smaller tubercles are also present near the limbus and at the scapus-scapulus boundary (Fig. 3C). A yellowish cuticle visible between the tubercles in some places. Scapulus thin and concealed due to the retraction of the oral disc. Endocoelic and exocoelic spaces visible as rays running from scapulus to mouth. Oral disc bilobed and broad, with a central oval mouth; mouth remains wide open. Lobes of oral disc unequal in size, usually overlapping (Fig. 3B). Tentacles slender, short, about 140 in number, without basal mesogleal thickenings, arranged in five peripheral cycles hidden inside the terminal fold of the scapus. Those of the inner cycles longer than those of the outer cycles. In the smaller individual, tentacles number approximately 90, with some clearly missing. Internal anatomy (Fig. 4). Two deep siphonoglyphs each attached to a pair of directives (Fig. 4C). Slender mesenteries, hexamerously arranged in five cycles (6+6+12+n+n). First three cycles complete, with all mesenteries present. In counterpart, fourth and fifth cycles incomplete, with the number of mesenteries varying among individuals, but always fewer than expected for a regular hexamerous arrangement. More mesenteries distally than proxi- mally. In the smaller individual, there are 80 near the margin, and 72 at the base level and in the larger individual there are approximately 100 at the margin and 78 to 81 at the limbus. Mesenterial filaments more developed on the older mesenteries than on younger ones. The incomplete fourth and fifth cycles have very small mesenteries. The last one is visible as tiny, unpaired projections, merely breaking through the mesoglea and present throughout the column (Fig. 4 D-E). Mesoglea of equal thickness in both endocoelic and exocoelic spaces at the oral disc region. Sphincter mesogleal, weak, restricted to the central part of the mesoglea where it occupies about a quarter of its space at the upper portion but abruptly tapers downwards (Fig. 4A). Muscular processes of the sphincter form somewhat sparse, not very marked bands, tending to align vertically. Longitudinal muscles of the tentacles weak, ectodermal (Fig. 4B). Retractor weak, diffuse, stronger at the distal part of the mesenteries (Fig. 4D). Parietobasilar muscles weak. Radial musculature of the oral disc ectodermal. Acontia present but rare, probably associated with the second cycle of mesenteries. No gametogenic tissues found. Cnidom. Spirocysts, Basitrichs, Microbasic p -mastigophores (Fig. 5, Table 2). Type locality. Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Biological characteristics. Individuals originally attached to manganese nodules or slivers of wood (Fig. 3D). Etymology. The specific epithet “labiata” (from Latin: lips) alludes to the bilobed appearance of the oral disc, resembling a set of lips. Taxonomic remarks. The presence of a thick cuticle covering most of the body wall has been reported from all species of Paraphelliactis. Although small fragments of a yellowish cuticle were observed in our specimens, these fragments were few and restricted to the limbus and some cracks between the tubercles. The almost complete lack of cuticle could be explained by high abrasion from sediment, due to the method of collection. Carlgren (1949) stated that Paraphelliactis probably possess more tentacles than mesenteries at the base. An interesting feature not mentioned by Carlgren’s key (1949) but reported for most of Paraphelliactis species is the occurrence of an incomplete fifth cycle of mesenteries (except for Pa. tangi Li & Xu, 2016, which exhibits all five cycles complete). Li & Xu (2016) describe a small paratype for Pa. tangi, with only four cycles of mesenteries. However, this last cycle is fully complete, corroborating the distinct pattern of mesenterial development for the species and showing that the total numbers of such structures may vary according to the individual life stages. Although all our specimens differ in size and development, they have identical body shapes and share the same mesenterial arrangement pattern (five cycles with the last two incomplete), due to this is very unlikely that Pa. labiata is a juvenile of another species of the genus. Comparison of Pa. labiata n. sp. with other species of Paraphelliactis The type species of Paraphelliactis, Pa. spinosa Carlgren, 1928, and the later-described Pa. michaelsarsi Carlgren, 1934, were originally recorded for the North Atlantic Ocean. Two more species were registered from the Pacific Ocean, Pa. pabista Dunn, 1982 from the west coast of North America and Pa. tangi, collected near the Yap Trench at the western Pacific, totaling four valid species within the genus. This newly described species differs from its congeners in having the last two cycles of mesenteries incomplete, rather than just the fifth. In addition, the number of tentacles combined with the arrangement of the tubercles, and also the absence of basal thickenings in the tentacles differentiates the new species from its congeners (see Table 3). Paraphelliactis labiata n. sp. does not exhibit the characteristic hooked tubercles of Pa. spinosa. Although well detailed, the original description of Pa. michaelsarsi was of a single specimen in very poor preservation, and is therefore limited in some aspects, as pointed by the author himself (Carlgren, 1934). Nonetheless, Pa. labiata n. sp. differs from Pa. michaelsarsi by the presence of a smaller category of nematocysts (basitrichs) in the actinopharynx and tentacles and by possessing a very clear differentiation between the scapus and scapulus region vs. indistinct differentiation of the column in Pa. michaelsarsi. Paraphelliactis labiata n. sp. can be easily distinguished from Pa. pabista on the arrangement of the tubercles (not arranged in rows vs. arranged in rows in the latter). Our new species share a few characters with the lately described Pa. tangi (e.g. the absence of mesogleal thickenings at the base of the tentacles), but the latter is distinct from all the other species of Paraphelliactis, including Pa. labiata, in having an equal number of mesenteries throughout the column and a complete fifth cycle of mesenteries., Published as part of De Melo, Yago A., Targino, Alessandra K. G. & Gomes, Paula B., 2020, New records of family Hormathiidae (Cnidaria: Actiniaria) from Brazilian coast with description of Paraphelliactis labiata n. sp., pp. 557-574 in Zootaxa 4766 (4) on pages 560-563, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4766.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3765725, {"references":["Carlgren, O. (1949) A survey of the Ptychodactiaria, Corallimorpharia and Actiniaria. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, 1, 1 - 121.","Li, Y. & Xu, K. (2016) Paraphelliactis tangi n. sp. and Phelliactis yapensis n. sp., two new deep-sea species of Hormathiidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) from a seamount in the tropical Western Pacific. Zootaxa, 4072 (3), 358 - 372. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4072.3.5","Carlgren, O. (1928) Actiniaria der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer \" Valdivia \" 1898 - 1899, 22, 125 - 266. [reprint 1 - 144]","Carlgren, O. (1934) Ceriantharia, Zoantharia and Actiniaria from the \" Michael Sars \" North Atlantic Deep-sea Expedition 1910. Report on the Scientific Results of the \" Michael Sars \" North Atlantic Deep - Sea Expedition 1910, 5 (6), 1 - 27.","Dunn, D. F. (1982) Paraphelliactis pabista, a new species of hormathiid sea anemone from abyssal northeastern Pacific waters (Coelenterata: Actiniaria). Syesis, 15, 51 - 56."]}

The objective of this literature review is to highlight the main aspects of the fish's innate immune system, demonstrating the need for new alternatives for disease control, respecting the premise of sustainability, with the use of biologically active immunostimulants. In fish there is no presence of myeloid tissues or organs, the components of your immune system are classified only as lymphoids, and innate immunity is considered the organism's first line of defense against the pathogen. Thus, the use of food additives and immunostimulants help to improve the natural immune system of these animals. They can be synthetic, chemical or biological substances that induce the activation or increase of components of the immune system, thus providing early defense against diseases, and can be used as preventive treatment. Vegetable compounds, essential oils and bioactive plant strata have great potential, as they have proven antimicrobial and antiparasitic functions. Among them, garlic is considered one of the most effective, as it acts as a growth promoter, appetite stimulator, antimicrobial, antioxidant and immune stimulant, it also helps with hematological parameters and increases the well-being of fish, as well as the ability to improve meat quality and extend shelf life. El objetivo de esta revisión de la literatura es resaltar los aspectos principales del sistema inmune innato de los peces, demostrando la necesidad de nuevas alternativas para el control de enfermedades, respetando la premisa de sostenibilidad, con el uso de inmunoestimulantes biológicamente activos. En los peces no hay presencia de tejidos u órganos mieloides, los componentes de su sistema inmunitario se clasifican solo como linfoides, es decir, la inmunidad innata, se considera la primera línea de defensa del organismo contra el patógeno. Por lo tanto, el uso de aditivos alimentarios e inmunoestimulantes ayuda a mejorar el sistema inmunológico natural de estos animales. Pueden ser sustancias sintéticas, químicas o biológicas que inducen la activación o el aumento de los componentes del sistema inmune, proporcionando así una defensa temprana contra enfermedades, y pueden usarse como tratamiento preventivo. Los compuestos vegetales, los aceites esenciales y los estratos de plantas bioactivas tienen un gran potencial, ya que tienen funciones antimicrobianas y antiparasitarias comprobadas. Entre ellos, el ajo se considera uno de los más efectivos, ya que actúa como un promotor del crecimiento, estimulador del apetito, antimicrobiano, antioxidante e inmunoestimulante, también ayuda con los parámetros hematológicos y aumenta el bienestar de los peces, así como la capacidad de mejorar la calidad de la carne y extender la vida útil. O objetivo desta revisão de literatura é evidenciar os principais aspectos do sistema imune inato dos peixes demonstrando a necessidade de novas alternativas para controle de enfermidades, respeitando a premissa da sustentabilidade, com o uso de imunoestimulantes biologicamente ativos. Nos peixes não há presença de tecidos ou órgãos mieloides, os componentes do seu sistema imune são classificados apenas como linfoides, ou seja, a imunidade inata, é considerada a primeira linha de defesa do organismo frente ao patógeno. Dessa forma, o uso de aditivos alimentares e imunoestimulantes auxiliam a melhorar o sistema imune natural desses animais. Podem ser substâncias sintéticas, químicas ou biológicas que induzem a ativação ou aumento de componentes do sistema imune, proporcionando assim defesa precoce contra enfermidades, podendo ser utilizado como tratamento preventivo. Os compostos vegetais, óleos essenciais e estrato de plantas bioativas tem grande potencial, pois possuem funções antimicrobianas e antiparasitária comprovadas. Dentre eles, o alho é apontado como um dos mais eficazes, por atuar como promotor de crescimento, estimulador de apetite, antimicrobiano, antioxidante e imune estimulante, ajuda ainda em parâmetros hematológicos e aumentando o bem-estar dos peixes, bem como, capacidade de melhorar a qualidade da carne e estender o tempo de prateleira.

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Breakthroughs in Medicinal Chemistry: New Targets and Mechanisms, New Drugs, New Hopes is a series of editorials which is published on a biannual basis by the Editorial Board of the Medicinal Chemistry section of the journal Molecules. In these editorials, we highlight in brief reports (of about one hundred words) a number of recently published articles that describe crucial findings, such as the discovery of novel drug targets and mechanisms of action or novel classes of drugs, which may inspire future medicinal chemistry endeavors devoted to addressing prime unmet medical needs.

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2021-03-04T18:55:35Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) paula_thamara_goecking_gomes.pdf: 2298066 bytes, checksum: d407d877ff5bec2863346d892b654e18 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2021-03-04T18:55:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) paula_thamara_goecking_gomes.pdf: 2298066 bytes, checksum: d407d877ff5bec2863346d892b654e18 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-03-04T18:55:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) paula_thamara_goecking_gomes.pdf: 2298066 bytes, checksum: d407d877ff5bec2863346d892b654e18 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) O amido ? o ingrediente alimentar mais utilizado na ind?stria de alimento, principalmente pelas caracter?sticas de ser natural, abundante e de baixo custo. O amido resistente n?o ? digerido no trato gastrointestinal superior por ser resistente a hidr?lise pelas enzimas amilol?ticas, sendo fermentado no c?lon, liberando ?cidos graxos de cadeias curtas. Esse comportamento durante a digest?o caracteriza o amido resistente como fibra alimentar sol?vel, despertando o interesse por sua utiliza??o devido aos benef?cios ? sa?de. O amido resistente nativo ? inst?vel ?s condi??es de processamento como varia??es de temperatura e pH, umidade, press?o e for?a cisalhante. A extrus?o termopl?stica tem as vantagens de ser um processo r?pido e n?o gerar efluentes, funcionando como um reator para as rea??es f?sico-qu?micas, operando a baixa umidade e altas temperaturas. Os diferentes m?todos e processamentos alteram as propriedades funcionais do amido resistente sendo muito importante o estudo para definir as propriedades f?sico-qu?micas e o comportamento na matriz alimentar. Fibras alimentares tradicionais n?o s?o bem aceitas sensorialmente por tornar os produtos coesos, densos, menos saborosos e resultar em uma apar?ncia escura. Por outro lado, o amido resistente n?o altera o sabor, tem cor branca e part?culas pequenas, sendo capaz de melhorar a textura do produto e melhorando a sensa??o na boca. Produtos sem gl?ten s?o conhecidos por apresentarem baixa aceitabilidade sensorial e perfil nutricional deficiente, influenciando na qualidade de vida de cel?acos. O uso do amido resistente pode aumentar a ingest?o de fibras por esses indiv?duos e melhorar a qualidade dos produtos sem gl?ten. Para desenvolver alimentos sem gl?ten ? necess?rio ? utiliza??o de ingredientes capazes de promover as caracter?sticas da rede de gl?ten. Os hidrocoloides s?o capazes de melhorar a coes?o e o comportamento viscoel?stico de massas sem gl?ten atrav?s da forma??o de g?is. Dos produtos de panifica??o o mais consumido pelos cel?acos ? o biscoito, representando a maior fonte de carboidratos. Visto os desafios da ind?stria, o objetivo deste trabalho foi produzir amido resistente tipo misto, e avaliar a sua aplica??o em biscoitos cream cracker sem gl?ten e sua intera??o com outros hidrocoloides. Foi realizada a produ??o de amido resistente misto pelo processo de extrus?o termopl?stica utilizando um Planejamento de Misturas Simplex Centroide com tr?s vari?veis independentes (?cidos but?rico, l?urico e este?rico). As vari?veis dependentes avaliadas foram propriedades de pasta e propriedades f?sico-qu?micas. A extrus?o termopl?stica demonstrou ser capaz de realizar a dextriniza??o das cadeias de amido, facilitando a forma??o dos amidos resistentes de diferentes tipos. A aus?ncia de cruz de malta no amido extrusado indica a total gelatiniza??o do amido e com isso, a poss?vel forma??o de amido resistente retrogradado (tipo 3). A espectroscopia no infravermelho mostra que ocorreu esterifica??o entre o amido e os ?cidos, formando amido resistente do tipo 4. A difra??o de raio-x mostrou que ocorreu a forma??o do amido resistente do tipo 5 atrav?s da altera??o na cristalinidade do tipo A para o tipo V. O ponto otimizado foi definido para produzir o maior teor de amido resistente, determinado em n?veis codificados em 0,44 de ?cido but?rico e 0,56 de ?cido este?rico com um rendimento de 27,40 % de amido resistente misto. Para avaliar o comportamento de hidrocoloides para produ??o de biscoitos cream cracker sem gl?ten foi realizado um Planejamento de Misturas Simplex Centroide com tr?s vari?veis independentes (amido resistente misto, goma xantana e ?gar) em substitui??o ? farinha de arroz. As vari?veis dependentes analisadas foram atividade de ?gua, umidade, volume espec?fico, dureza e fraturabilidade, cor instrumental e medidas das dimens?es dos biscoitos. O ponto otimizado foi definido para produzir biscoitos de qualidade, determinado em n?veis codificados em 0,86 de amido resistente e 0,14 de goma xantana. O biscoito elaborado apresentou aumento no volume espec?fico e na presen?a de fibras alimentares. Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-gradua??o em Ci?ncia e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2020. Starch is the most widely used food ingredient in the food industry, mainly due to its characteristics of being natural, abundant and low cost. Resistant starch is not digested in the upper gastrointestinal tract because it is resistant to hydrolysis by amylolytic enzymes, being fermented in the colon, releasing short-chain fatty acids. This behavior during digestion characterizes resistant starch as soluble dietary fiber, arousing interest in its use due to its health benefits. Native resistant starch is unstable under processing conditions such as temperature and pH changes, moisture content, pressure and shear force. Thermoplastic extrusion has the advantages of being a fast process and does not generate effluents, working as a reactor for physicochemical reactions, operating at low moisture and high temperatures. The different methods and processes alter the functional properties of the resistant starch and the study is very important to define the physical-chemical properties and the behavior in the food matrix. Traditional dietary fibers are not well accepted sensorially because they make the products cohesive, dense, less tasty and result in a dark appearance. On the other hand, the resistant starch does not alter the flavor, has a white color and small particles, being able to improve the texture of the product and improving the sensation in the mouth. Gluten-free products are known to have low sensory acceptability and deficient nutritional profile, influencing the quality of celiac life. The use of resistant starch can increase fiber intake by these individuals and improve the quality of gluten-free products. To develop gluten-free foods it is necessary to use ingredients capable of promoting the characteristics of the gluten network. Hydrocolloids can improve the cohesion and viscoelastic behavior of gluten-free doughs through the formation of gels. Of the bakery products, the most consumed by celiacs is the biscuit, representing the largest source of carbohydrates. In view of the industry challenges, the objective of this work was to produce multi-type resistant starch, and to evaluate its application in gluten-free cream crackers and its interaction with other hydrocolloids. Multi-type resistant starch was produced by the thermoplastic extrusion process using a Simplex Centroid Mixture Design with three independent variables (butyric, lauric and stearic acids). The dependent variables evaluated were pulp properties and physicochemical properties. Thermoplastic extrusion proved to be capable of dextrinizing starch chains, facilitating the formation of resistant starches of different types. The absence of a malta cross in the extruded starch indicates the total gelatinization of the starch and, therefore, the possible formation of retrograded resistant starch (type 3). Infrared spectroscopy shows that esterification occurred between starch and acids, forming resistant type 4 starch. X-ray diffraction showed that the formation of resistant type 5 starch succeeds through the change in type A crystallinity to type V. The optimal point was defined to produce the highest content of resistant starch, determined at levels encoded in 0.44 of butyric acid and 0.56 of stearic acid with a yield of 27.40 % of multi-type resistant starch. To evaluate the behavior of hydrocolloids to produce gluten-free cream cracker biscuits, a Simplex Centroid Mixture Design was carried out with three independent variables (multi-type resistant starch, xanthan gum and agar), replacing the rice flour. The dependent variables analyzed were water activity, moisture content, specific volume, hardness and fracturability, instrumental color and measurements of the biscuit?s dimensions. The optimal point was defined to produce biscuits with adequate quality, determined at encoded levels of 0.86 resistant starch and 0.14 xanthan gum. The prepared biscuit showed an increase in a specific volume and the presence of dietary fibers.

During the 2014–2016 Ebola outbreak in West Africa, over 850 healthcare workers contracted Ebola, and over 500 died. These tragic numbers underscore the need for strict adherence to infection control precautions when caring for patients with Ebola and other diseases that are both highly infectious and potentially fatal. In addition to the use of personal protection equipment (PPE), such measures include source isolation of infected patients. In the process of confining infectious pathogens, however, it is essential that health systems do not overlook the psychological needs of patients nor that of the medical staff who care for them. This chapter is divided into two sections. The first explores the experiences of patients cared for in source isolation, highlighting the possible iatrogenic psychological consequences of treatment in a biocontainment unit. Strategies for mitigating the potentially harmful psychological effects of isolation are reviewed, including considerations for children. The second section considers the experiences of healthcare workers. The discussion outlines the psychological impact of treating patients with infectious diseases, risk factors for emotional distress, and strategies to promote psychological well-being and resilience.

Objetivo: Conhecer a cultura de segurança encontrada no centro cirúrgico. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura que utilizou como guia a metodologia PRISMA nas publicações no período dos últimos cinco anos (2015 a 2020) nas bases de dados MEDLINE, PUBMED, LILACS e BDENF - Enfermagem nos idiomas inglês, português, espanhol e textos disponíveis na íntegra. Para extração dos dados dos artigos elaborou-se um instrumento contendo as seguintes variantes: título, autor, ano, base de dados, cruzamento de descritores, período, tipo de estudo, população, amostra, local de estudo, adesão da segurança, avaliação da segurança do paciente, contribuição do estudo para equipe de saúde. Resultados: Foram selecionados 5 artigos após exclusão por fuga ao tema, indisponibilidade de texto na íntegra e que respondiam à questão norteadora: “Qual cultura de segurança presente no centro cirúrgico?”. Após análise criteriosa, observou-se que a cultura de segurança no ambiente cirúrgico é considerada um elemento chave para reduzir eventos adversos e visa garantir que equipes cirúrgicas desenvolvam os protocolos de segurança com criticidade. Conclusão: As Instituições de saúde cada vez mais utilizam como estratégia a avaliação da cultura de segurança, para garantir uma assistência de qualidade, com ausência de erros e eventos adversos.

The characteristics and work challenges of elderly caregivers are still little studied in Brazil. This article aims to explore the perceptions of elderly caregivers about their work from the perspective of the care economy. Through qualitative research, ten interviews were conducted with caregivers who offer their services to the elderly population in the person’s home. The interviews were conducted based on a semi-structured script and analyzed through content analysis. The study proposes four categories related to characteristics and challenges of this work: a) the job is presented to caregivers as a need to complement income; b) the job is a source of physical and mental suffering; c) caregivers criticize the commodification of care; and d) it points out difficulties in adjusting relationships of intimacy, affective involvement, and work compensation. The results allow exploring the subjectivity of this work and point out interventions to train workers, offering better conditions to caregivers. As características e os desafios do trabalho dos cuidadores de idosos ainda são pouco investigados no Brasil. O presente artigo tem por objetivo explorar as percepções de cuidadores de idosos sobre seu trabalho a partir da perspectiva da Economia do Care. Por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa, foram realizadas dez entrevistas com cuidadores que atendem no próprio domicílio do idoso. As entrevistas foram realizadas com base em um roteiro semiestruturado e analisadas por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Dessa análise emergiram quatro categorias sobre as características e desafios desse trabalho: a) apresenta-se aos cuidadores como necessidade para complementar a renda; b) é fonte geradora de sofrimento físico e psíquico; c) os cuidadores criticam a mercantilização do cuidado; e, d) apontam dificuldades para ajustar relações de intimidade, envolvimento afetivo e remuneração do trabalho. Os resultados permitem explorar as subjetividades envolvidas nesse trabalho e apontar intervenções para sua qualificação, oferecendo melhores condições aos cuidadores no ato de cuidar.

Global citizenship puts itself as a challenge in the context of the globalization. With the elements of historicity, we have the conceptual theoretical contours of citizenship. Modernity covers the individual as value and the Nation-State delineates conditions for the emergence of the citizen. Social inequality spreads along the process of economic globalization in the world. The guarantees of social rights and identities, worldwide, delimit the process of social participation consolidating groups and international institutions for the defense of human rights. In Raízes do Brasil, we have the personalism and the taste of the distinction, typical of the cordial man, as obstacles to the consolidation of citizen social interactions. Social participation and the guarantee of human rights face national and transnational dilemmas. Citizenship faces both local and global challenges in com- plex society., La ciudadanía global se plantea como un reto en el contexto de la globalización. Con los elementos de la historicidad, tenemos los contornos teóricos conceptuales de la ciudadanía. La modernidad cubre al individuo como valor y el Estado-Nación delinea las condiciones para el surgimiento del ciudadano. La desigualdad social se extiende a lo largo del proceso de globalización económica en el mundo. Las garantías de derechos sociales e identidades, a nivel mundial, delimitan el proceso de participación social consolidando grupos e instituciones internacionales para la defensa de los derechos humanos. En Raízes do Brasil, tenemos el personalismo y el gusto de la distinción, típica del hombre cordial, como obstáculos para la consolidación de las interacciones sociales ciudadanas. La participación social y la garantía de los derechos humanos se enfrentan a dilemas nacionales y transnacionales. La ciudadanía se enfrenta a retos tanto locales como globales en una sociedad compleja., A cidadania global coloca-se como desafio no contexto da globalização. Com os elementos da historicidade, temos os contornos teóricos conceituais da cidadania. A modernidade abrange o indivíduo como valor e o Estado-Nação delineia condições para o surgimento do cidadão. A desigualdade social espraia-se acompanhando o processo de globalização econômica do mundo. As garantias de direitos sociais e identitários, em alcance mundial, delimitam o processo de participação social, consolidando grupos e instituições internacionais de defesa dos direitos humanos. Em Raízes do Brasil, temos o personalismo e o gosto da distinção, típicos do homem cordial, como entraves para a consolidação de interações sociais cidadãs. A participação social e a garantia dos direitos humanos enfrentam dilemas nacionais e transnacionais. A cidadania enfrenta desafios simultaneamente locais e globais na sociedade complexa.

Esta obra enquadra-se nas comemorações do Ano Europeu da Igualdade de Oportunidade para Todos pela centralidade que confere à questão da igualdade e pelas reflexões que apresenta em torno da persistência dos fenómenos de discriminação em função de diversos factores, entre os quais o sexo e, a partir deles, da reprodução e manutenção das desigualdades sociais, nomeadamente as que afectam as relações entre homens e mulheres, na diversidade das respectivas identidades de pertença e de contextos de vivência, individuais e colectivas.

Notas introdutórias Em resposta ao convite para participar na publicação Género, Diversidade e Cidadania, organizada pela Universidade de Évora, e face ao tema a versar no presente texto  o papel dos manuais escolares na educação para a diversidade , orientámos o nosso pensamento pelas seguintes posições: desporto é um fenómeno antropológico, social e global, que nos remete para a sua humanidade e para a necessidade de ser “educado” e cuidado, pois ele não tem vida para além da que lhe conf...

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Civil apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia Prestressed reinforced structures had rooted early on in Portuguese national construction market, either due to its adaptability to the most diverse shapes or for its relatively lower cost, in general.However, the choice of composite structures when compared with the traditional reinforced concrete or prestressed reinforced concrete structures, had reveal itself, more frequently, in the last years, as the most competitive for some types of constructions. The most relevant features of composite structures derive from its high relation resistance/weight of steel material and from the circumstance that a large part of the structure can be entirely pre-fabricated. These two factors combined allow a simple, and fast constructive processes to be adopted. On the particular case of flyovers executed over a full operating roadway, the advantages of a composite structure are much increased, namely on what concerns the fastness of the construction works, since a potential traffic interruption or severe restrictions on the lower track will cause great disturbance and consequently higher costs for the users and the concessionaire authority.The evaluation and comparison of the different options available, whether it refers to construction’s costs or to the costs of traffic disturbance, is essential to understand which one is the most feasible. In fact, it is a fundamental management tool. Within this framework, all the studies and analysis were developed having in mind the final goal of comparing the costs of a composite deck with the costs of another deck having the same geometry and the same constructive limitations, designed in prestressed reinforced concrete. A hybrid solution will be studied as well, which intends to combine the best advantages of both solutions.Therefore, three decks were designed, with the quantification of the construction costs as well as those that arise from traffic interruptions or restrictions on the underneath roadway. A construção de estruturas em betão armado disseminou-se, desde cedo, pelo mercado nacional, quer devido à sua simples adaptação às mais diversas formas de edificações, quer pelo seu custo ser, em geral, mais competitivo do que das restantes hipóteses disponíveis. Contudo, a opção por estruturas mistas aço-betão, quando comparada com as tradicionais soluções em betão armado ou betão armado pré-esforçado, tem vindo a revelar-se, mais frequentemente, como a mais competitiva para algumas tipologias de construções. Os atributos mais relevantes das estruturas mistas resultam da elevada relação resistência/peso do material aço e da circunstância de grande parte da estrutura poder ser integralmente pré-fabricada, o que reduz ao mínimo os trabalhos a efetuar in-situ. Estes dois fatores conjugados possibilitam a adoção de processos construtivos industrializados, simples e rápidos. No caso particular das passagens superiores rodoviárias executadas sobre vias em exploração, as vantagens duma estrutura mista aço-betão adquirem uma maior importância, nomeadamente no que à rapidez de execução em obra diz respeito, visto que eventuais interrupções de tráfego na via inferior causam enorme perturbação e, consequentemente, custos acrescidos para os utentes e entidades concessionárias.A avaliação e a comparação dos custos das diversas opções construtivas disponíveis, tanto no que se refere às parcelas correspondentes ao custo da empreitada como das perturbações por ela causadas, é imprescindível para que se possa fundamentar a escolha por uma dessas opções. Trata-se, na verdade, de um instrumento de gestão essencial. Neste enquadramento, o objetivo da presente dissertação é comparar o custo de um tabuleiro projetado em betão armado pré-esforçado com o de outro, de igual geometria e sujeitos aos mesmos condicionamentos, cuja estrutura é mista. Estuda-se ainda uma solução híbrida, com a qual se pretende potenciar as principais vantagens de ambas as soluções e eliminar, ou minimizar, os inconvenientes de cada uma delas.São dimensionados os tabuleiros das três diferentes alternativas e quantificados os respetivos custos de construção, bem como os que resultam das interrupções ou condicionamentos que restringem o tráfego que circula na via subjacente.