194 results on '"David Birch"'
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2. Introduction
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David Birch
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- 2023
3. Diary of Events
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David Birch
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- 2023
4. Supervision for organization consultants and the organizations they work with
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David Birch, Erik de Haan, Management and Organisation, and VU SBE Executive Education
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supervision ,Medical education ,SDG 17 - Partnerships for the Goals ,Social work ,Work (electrical) ,ComputingMilieux_THECOMPUTINGPROFESSION ,parallel process ,Intervention (counseling) ,OD supervision ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Psychology ,consulting supervision - Abstract
Supervision is a collaborative learning practice to continually build the capacity of anyone working in the helping professions, such as social workers, therapists, pastors, organization consultants, and coaches. The social-work profession claims a significant role in the development of supervision in the helping professions with arguably the most established tradition, which originates from the late 19th century. Supervision has become critical to the development, quality control, emotional processing, and competence enhancement of social workers, then therapists, then coaches. Supervision is now regarded as a foundation for sound and accountable professional practice among coaches, but growing numbers of organization consultants are also benefiting from the supervision of their organization consulting and design work. This applies both to those working as internal practitioners within large organizations and to those working independently or as part of a consultancy. In this contribution we look at the various forms of organization-consulting supervision, and we reflect on the pros and cons of different approaches. We argue that organization-consulting supervision is a distinctive field in its own right because of the way it can capture and observe organizational dynamics. We argue at the same time that the issues it faces are also of relevance to coaching and mentoring supervisors. We end with a few dilemmas that may arise for the supervisor and consider how supervision can also help to research and evaluate the consulting intervention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) What’s It Mean? Implications for Consulting Psychology—The value of supervision is increasingly recognized within all clinical and psychological applications. For example, within the helping professions, the application of supervision for executive and workplace coaching has grown considerably over the last decade. More recently, we are seeing new applications in (organizational) consulting psychology too. This contribution shows why supervision brings strong advantages in that domain through its uncanny ability to uncover and interpret interconsultant dynamics. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)
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- 2021
5. Establishing the prevalence of common tissue‐specific autoantibodies following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection
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Kerensa Ward, Adrian M Shields, David C. Wraith, Timothy Plant, David Birch, Lora Steadman, Alex G. Richter, Sian E Faustini, Adam F. Cunningham, Mark T. Drayson, Abid Karim, Gary M. Reynolds, and Tonny Veenith
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0301 basic medicine ,Adult ,Male ,autoantibodies ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Immunology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Severity of Illness Index ,SARS‐CoV‐2 ,Autoimmunity ,03 medical and health sciences ,Editors' Choice ,0302 clinical medicine ,COVID‐19 ,Antibody Specificity ,Severity of illness ,medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,Humans ,Clinical significance ,long COVID ,Coronavirus ,Aged ,biology ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,autoimmunity ,Autoantibody ,COVID-19 ,Middle Aged ,030104 developmental biology ,Organ Specificity ,biology.protein ,Original Article ,Female ,Antibody ,business ,030215 immunology - Abstract
Summary Coronavirus 19 (COVID‐19) has been associated with both transient and persistent systemic symptoms that do not appear to be a direct consequence of viral infection. The generation of autoantibodies has been proposed as a mechanism to explain these symptoms. To understand the prevalence of autoantibodies associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection, we investigated the frequency and specificity of clinically relevant autoantibodies in 84 individuals previously infected with SARS‐CoV‐2, suffering from COVID‐19 of varying severity in both the acute and convalescent setting. These were compared with results from 32 individuals who were on the intensive therapy unit (ITU) for non‐COVID reasons. We demonstrate a higher frequency of autoantibodies in the COVID‐19 ITU group compared with non‐COVID‐19 ITU disease control patients and that autoantibodies were also found in the serum 3–5 months post‐COVID‐19 infection. Non‐COVID patients displayed a diverse pattern of autoantibodies; in contrast, the COVID‐19 groups had a more restricted panel of autoantibodies including skin, skeletal muscle and cardiac antibodies. Our results demonstrate that respiratory viral infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 is associated with the detection of a limited profile of tissue‐specific autoantibodies, detectable using routine clinical immunology assays. Further studies are required to determine whether these autoantibodies are specific to SARS‐CoV‐2 or a phenomenon arising from severe viral infections and to determine the clinical significance of these autoantibodies., Acute infection with COVID is associated with a pattern of autoantibodies including a high proportion with epidermal antibodies. This autoantibody pattern is more common in severe COVID and is persistent up to 6 months.
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- 2021
6. Dynamic Compensation of Ultra-Low-Range Pressure Sensors
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Paul Nathan, Rebecca Manning, and David Birch
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Physics ,Angular acceleration ,Inertial frame of reference ,Acoustics ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Angular velocity ,01 natural sciences ,Pressure sensor ,0104 chemical sciences ,law.invention ,Compensation (engineering) ,Acceleration ,Pressure measurement ,law ,Inertial measurement unit ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Instrumentation - Abstract
A technique has been developed to compensate pressure readings from arrays of highly sensitive membrane-type pressure sensors for deflections caused by acceleration normal to the plane of the membrane using a single inertial measurement unit. By normalizing the fourth-order unsteady Kirchoff-Love equation, it can be shown that inertial body pseudoforces and applied surface pressure elicit a similar and additive response from the sensors. Inertial effects arising from linear and angular acceleration as well as angular velocity may therefore be converted to ‘pseudopressures’ and eliminated by means of a simple linear compensation process which can be calibrated using only gravity. To demonstrate, signals from a conventional six-axis inertial measurement unit (including three orthogonal components each of angular velocity and linear acceleration) are used to provide an approximation of the acceleration of the sensing dies within a seven-channel distributed array of ultra-low pressure sensors. Applying the proposed correction reduces the maximum full-scale uncertainty of the measurements by as much as 50%.
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- 2021
7. The landscape of submicroscopic structural variants at the
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Bernd, Wissinger, Britta, Baumann, Elena, Buena-Atienza, Zeinab, Ravesh, Artur V, Cideciyan, Katarina, Stingl, Isabelle, Audo, Isabelle, Meunier, Beatrice, Bocquet, Elias I, Traboulsi, Alison J, Hardcastle, Jessica C, Gardner, Michel, Michaelides, Kari E, Branham, Thomas, Rosenberg, Sten, Andreasson, Hélène, Dollfus, David, Birch, Andrea L, Vincent, Loreto, Martorell, Jaume, Català Mora, Ulrich, Kellner, Klaus, Rüther, Birgit, Lorenz, Markus N, Preising, Emanuela, Manfredini, Yuri A, Zarate, Raymon, Vijzelaar, Eberhart, Zrenner, Samuel G, Jacobson, and Susanne, Kohl
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Multigene Family ,Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells ,Rod Opsins ,Humans ,Color Vision Defects ,Gene Deletion - Abstract
Blue cone monochromacy (BCM) is an X-linked retinal disorder characterized by low vision, photoaversion, and poor color discrimination. BCM is due to the lack of long-wavelength-sensitive and middle-wavelength-sensitive cone photoreceptor function and caused by mutations in the
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- 2022
8. The landscape of submicroscopic structural variants at the OPN1LW/OPN1MW gene cluster on Xq28 underlying blue cone monochromacy
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Bernd Wissinger, Britta Baumann, Elena Buena-Atienza, Zeinab Ravesh, Artur V. Cideciyan, Katarina Stingl, Isabelle Audo, Isabelle Meunier, Beatrice Bocquet, Elias I. Traboulsi, Alison J. Hardcastle, Jessica C. Gardner, Michel Michaelides, Kari E. Branham, Thomas Rosenberg, Sten Andreasson, Hélène Dollfus, David Birch, Andrea L. Vincent, Loreto Martorell, Jaume Català Mora, Ulrich Kellner, Klaus Rüther, Birgit Lorenz, Markus N. Preising, Emanuela Manfredini, Yuri A. Zarate, Raymon Vijzelaar, Eberhart Zrenner, Samuel G. Jacobson, and Susanne Kohl
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Multidisciplinary - Abstract
Blue cone monochromacy (BCM) is an X-linked retinal disorder characterized by low vision, photoaversion, and poor color discrimination. BCM is due to the lack of long-wavelength-sensitive and middle-wavelength-sensitive cone photoreceptor function and caused by mutations in the OPN1LW/OPN1MW gene cluster on Xq28. Here, we investigated the prevalence and the landscape of submicroscopic structural variants (SVs) at single-base resolution in BCM patients. We found that about one-third ( n = 73) of the 213 molecularly confirmed BCM families carry an SV, most commonly deletions restricted to the OPN1LW/OPN1MW gene cluster. The structure and precise breakpoints of the SVs were resolved in all but one of the 73 families. Twenty-two families—all from the United States—showed the same SV, and we confirmed a common ancestry of this mutation. In total, 42 distinct SVs were identified, including 40 previously unreported SVs, thereby quadrupling the number of precisely mapped SVs underlying BCM. Notably, there was no “region of overlap” among these SVs. However, 90% of SVs encompass the upstream locus control region, an essential enhancer element. Its minimal functional extent based on deletion mapping in patients was refined to 358 bp. Breakpoint analyses suggest diverse mechanisms underlying SV formation as well as in one case the gene conversion-based exchange of a 142-bp deletion between opsin genes. Using parsimonious assumptions, we reconstructed the composition and copy number of the OPN1LW/OPN1MW gene cluster prior to the mutation event and found evidence that large gene arrays may be predisposed to the occurrence of SVs at this locus.
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- 2022
9. Comprehensive variant spectrum of the CNGA3 gene in patients affected by achromatopsia
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Maria Solaki, Britta Baumann, Peggy Reuter, Sten Andreasson, Isabelle Audo, Carmen Ayuso, Ghassan Balousha, Francesco Benedicenti, David Birch, Pierre Bitoun, Delphine Blain, Beatrice Bocquet, Kari Branham, Jaume Català‐Mora, Elfride De Baere, Helene Dollfus, Mohammed Falana, Roberto Giorda, Irina Golovleva, Irene Gottlob, John R. Heckenlively, Samuel G. Jacobson, Kaylie Jones, Herbert Jägle, Andreas R. Janecke, Ulrich Kellner, Petra Liskova, Birgit Lorenz, Loreto Martorell‐Sampol, André Messias, Isabelle Meunier, Fernanda Belga Ottoni Porto, Eleni Papageorgiou, Astrid S. Plomp, Thomy J. L. de Ravel, Charlotte M. Reiff, Agnes B. Renner, Thomas Rosenberg, Günther Rudolph, Roberto Salati, E. Cumhur Sener, Paul A. Sieving, Franco Stanzial, Elias I. Traboulsi, Stephen H. Tsang, Balázs Varsanyi, Richard G. Weleber, Ditta Zobor, Katarina Stingl, Bernd Wissinger, Susanne Kohl, Human genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D), Clinical sciences, and Medical Genetics
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NUCLEOTIDE-GATED CHANNELS ,JAPANESE ,analysis ,Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Channels ,Color Vision Defects ,TOTAL COLOURBLINDNESS ,PATIENT ,MOLECULAR-GENETICS ,variant spectrum ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Genetics ,in silico analysis ,Humans ,NONSENSE MUTATION ,PAKISTANI FAMILIES ,Color Vision Defects/genetics ,variant classification ,Genetics (clinical) ,Medicinsk genetik ,FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS ,UNFOLDED PROTEIN RESPONSE ,CNGA3 ,PHOTORECEPTOR DEGENERATION ,Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Channels/genetics ,in silico ,cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel ,Mutation ,Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells ,achromatopsia ,ALPHA-SUBUNIT ,Medical Genetics - Abstract
Achromatopsia (ACHM) is a congenital cone photoreceptor disorder characterized by impaired color discrimination, low visual acuity, photosensitivity, and nystagmus. To date, six genes have been associated with ACHM (CNGA3, CNGB3, GNAT2, PDE6C, PDE6H, and ATF6), the majority of these being implicated in the cone phototransduction cascade. CNGA3 encodes the CNGA3 subunit of the cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel in cone photoreceptors and is one of the major disease-associated genes for ACHM. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of the CNGA3 variant spectrum in a cohort of 1060 genetically confirmed ACHM patients, 385 (36.3%) of these carrying "likely disease-causing" variants in CNGA3. Compiling our own genetic data with those reported in the literature and in public databases, we further extend the CNGA3 variant spectrum to a total of 316 variants, 244 of which we interpreted as "likely disease-causing" according to ACMG/AMP criteria. We report 48 novel "likely disease-causing" variants, 24 of which are missense substitutions underlining the predominant role of this mutation class in the CNGA3 variant spectrum. In addition, we provide extensive in silico analyses and summarize reported functional data of previously analyzed missense, nonsense and splicing variants to further advance the pathogenicity assessment of the identified variants.
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- 2022
10. Faster Sensitivity Loss around Dense Scotomas than for Overall Macular Sensitivity in Stargardt Disease: ProgStar Report No. 14
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Etienne M. Schönbach, Rupert W. Strauss, Mohamed A. Ibrahim, Jessica L. Janes, David G. Birch, Artur V. Cideciyan, Janet S. Sunness, Beatriz Muñoz, Michael S. Ip, SriniVas R. Sadda, Hendrik P.N. Scholl, Yulia Wolfson, Millena Bittencourt, Syed Mahmood Shah, Mohamed Ahmed, Etienne Schönbach, Kaoru Fujinami, Elias Traboulsi, Justis Ehlers, Meghan Marino, Susan Crowe, Rachael Briggs, Angela Borer, Anne Pinter, Tami Fecko, Nikki Burgnoni, Carol Applegate, Leslie Russell, Michel Michaelides, Simona Degli Esposti, Anthony Moore, Andrew Webster, Sophie Connor, Jade Barnfield, Zaid Salchi, Clara Alfageme, Victoria McCudden, Maria Pefkianaki, Jonathan Aboshiha, Gerald Liew, Graham Holder, Anthony Robson, Alexa King, Daniela Ivanova Cajas Narvaez, Katy Barnard, Catherine Grigg, Hannah Dunbar, Yetunde Obadeyi, Karine Girard-Claudon, Hilary Swann, Avani Rughani, Charles Amoah, Dominic Carrington, Kanom Bibi, Emerson Ting, Mohamed Nafaz Illiyas, Hamida Begum, Andrew Carter, Anne Georgiou, Selma Lewism, Saddaf Shaheen, Harpreet Shinmar, Linda Burton, Paul Bernstein, Kimberley Wegner, Briana Lauren Sawyer, Bonnie Carlstrom, Kellian Farnsworth, Cyrie Fry, Melissa Chandler, Glen Jenkins, Donnel Creel, David Birch, Yi-Zhong Wang, Luis Rodriguez, Kirsten Locke, Martin Klein, Paulina Mejia, Samuel G. Jacobson, Sharon B. Schwartz, Rodrigo Matsui, Michaela Gruzensky, Jason Charng, Alejandro J. Roman, Eberhart Zrenner, Fadi Nasser, Gesa Astrid Hahn, Barbara Wilhelm, Tobias Peters, Benjamin Beier, Tilman Koenig, Susanne Kramer, José-Alain Sahel, Saddek Mohand-Said, Isabelle Audo, Caroline Laurent-Coriat, Ieva Sliesoraityte, Christina Zeitz, Fiona Boyard, Minh Ha Tran, Mathias Chapon, Céline Chaumette, Juliette Amaudruz, Victoria Ganem, Serge Sancho, Aurore Girmens, Robert Wojciechowski, Shazia Khan, David G. Emmert, Dennis Cain, Mark Herring, Jennifer Bassinger, Lisa Liberto, Sheila West, Ann-Margret Ervin, Beatriz Munoz, Xiangrong Kong, Kurt Dreger, Jennifer Jones, Srinivas Sadda, Anamika Jha, Alex Ho, Brendan Kramer, Ngoc Lam, Rita Tawdros, Yong Dong Zhou, Johana Carmona, Akihito Uji, Amirhossein Hariri, Amy Lock, Anthony Elshafei, Anushika Ganegoda, Christine Petrossian, Dennis Jenkins, Edward Strnad, Elmira Baghdasaryan, Eric Ito, Feliz Samson, Gloria Blanquel, Handan Akil, Jhanisus Melendez, Jianqin Lei, Jianyan Huang, Jonathan Chau, Khalil G. Falavarjani, Kristina Espino, Manfred Li, Maria Mendoza, Muneeswar Gupta Nittala, Netali Roded, Nizar Saleh, Ping Huang, Sean Pitetta, Siva Balasubramanian, Sophie Leahy, Sowmya J. Srinivas, Swetha B. Velaga, Teresa Margaryan, Tudor Tepelus, Tyler Brown, Wenying Fan, Yamileth Murillo, Yue Shi, Katherine Aguilar, Cynthia Chan, Lisa Santos, Brian Seo, Christopher Sison, Silvia Perez, Stephanie Chao, Kelly Miyasato, Julia Higgins, Zoila Luna, Anita Menchaca, Norma Gonzalez, Vicky Robledo, Karen Carig, Kirstie Baker, David Ellenbogen, Daniel Bluemel, Theo Sanford, Daisy Linares, Mei Tran, Lorane Nava, Michelle Oberoi, Mark Romero, Vivian Chiguil, Grantley Bynum-Bain, Monica Kim, Carolina Mendiguren, Xiwen Huang, Monika Smith, and Natalie Sarreal
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Visual acuity ,Adolescent ,genetic structures ,Visual Acuity ,ABCA4 ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Retina ,Young Adult ,Ophthalmology ,Humans ,Stargardt Disease ,Medicine ,Prospective Studies ,Fluorescein Angiography ,Scotoma ,Prospective cohort study ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,biology ,business.industry ,Blind spot ,Middle Aged ,Fluorescein angiography ,medicine.disease ,eye diseases ,Clinical trial ,Stargardt disease ,biology.protein ,Visual Field Tests ,ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters ,Female ,Visual Fields ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Microperimetry ,Tomography, Optical Coherence - Abstract
Mean sensitivity (MS) derived from a standard test grid using microperimetry is a sensitive outcome measure in clinical trials investigating new treatments for degenerative retinal diseases. This study hypothesizes that the functional decline is faster at the edge of the dense scotoma (eMS) than by using the overall MS.Multicenter, international, prospective cohort study: ProgStar Study.Stargardt disease type 1 patients (carrying at least 1 mutation in the ABCA4 gene) were followed over 12 months using microperimetry with a Humphrey 10-2 test grid. Customized software was developed to automatically define and selectively follow the test points directly adjacent to the dense scotoma points and to calculate their mean sensitivity (eMS).Among 361 eyes (185 patients), the mean age was 32.9 ± 15.1 years old. At baseline, MS was 10.4 ± 5.2 dB (n = 361), and the eMS was 9.3 ± 3.3 dB (n = 335). The yearly progression rate of MS (1.5 ± 2.1 dB/year) was significantly lower (β = -1.33; P.001) than that for eMS (2.9 ± 2.9 dB/year). There were no differences between progression rates using automated grading and those using manual grading (β = .09; P = .461).In Stargardt disease type 1, macular sensitivity declines significantly faster at the edge of the dense scotoma than in the overall test grid. An automated, time-efficient approach for extracting and grading eMS is possible and appears valid. Thus, eMS offers a valuable tool and sensitive outcome parameter with which to follow Stargardt patients in clinical trials, allowing clinical trial designs with shorter duration and/or smaller cohorts.
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- 2020
11. Neural-Network-Based Sensor Data Fusion for Multi-Hole Fluid Velocity Probes
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Olaf Marxen, David Birch, and Anindya Ghosh
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Artificial neural network ,Computer science ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Velocimetry ,Sensor fusion ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Flow velocity ,Curve fitting ,Calibration ,Unsupervised learning ,Measurement uncertainty ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Instrumentation ,Algorithm - Abstract
For measuring three components of velocity in unknown flow fields, multi-hole pressure probes possess a significant advantage. Unlike methods such as hot-wire anemometry, laser-Doppler velocimetry and particle-image velocimetry, multi-hole pressure probes can provide not only the three components of local velocity, but also static and stagnation pressures. However, multi-hole probes do require exhaustive calibration. The traditional technique for calibrating these probes is based on either look-up tables or polynomial curve fitting, but with the low cost and easy availability of powerful computing resources, neural networks are increasingly being used. Here, we explore the possibility to further reduce measurement uncertainty by implementing neural-network-based methods that have not been previously used for probe calibration, including supervised and unsupervised learning neural networks, regression models and elastic-map methods. We demonstrate that calibrating probes in this way can reduce the uncertainty in flow angularity by as much as 50% compared to conventional techniques.
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- 2020
12. Delineating the Clinical Phenotype of Patients With the c.629C>G, p.Pro210Arg Mutation in Peripherin-2
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Shannon M, Conley, Cynthia K, McClard, Maggie L, Mwoyosvi, Niyaf, Alkadhem, Bojana, Radojevic, Martin, Klein, David, Birch, Ashley, Ellis, Sonny W, Icks, Tejesh, Guddanti, and Lea D, Bennett
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Phenotype ,Retinal Diseases ,Mutation ,Electroretinography ,Peripherins ,Humans ,General Medicine ,Atrophy ,Scotoma ,Tomography, Optical Coherence - Abstract
More than 200 different mutations in peripherin-2 (PRPH2) are associated with multiple subtypes of inherited retinal diseases (IRDs), including retinitis pigmentosa and cone or macular diseases. Our goal was to understand how the poorly characterized PRPH2 mutation p.Pro210Arg (P210R) affects visual function and retinal structure as well as gain insight into the mechanism driving the clinical pathology.Eleven patients had clinical assessments including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), full field and multifocal electroretinography (ERG), static (spot size V) and kinetic perimetry (Octopus 900), and dark-adapted chromatic (DAC; Medmont; spot size V) perimetry. Images were acquired with the Optos ultra-wide field camera and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Molecular characteristics of the P210R mutant protein were evaluated in vitro.Patients with the P210R mutation had BCVA (Snellen) ranging from 20/15 to 20/80. Perimetry showed a reduction in sensitivity, while ERG findings suggested that cone function was more impaired than rod function. Scotomas were identified corresponding to atrophic retinal lesions. Imaging revealed heterogeneous outer retinal changes such as hyperfluorescent flecks, hypo-autofluorescence (AF) regions of atrophy, and thinning of the photoreceptor layer on SD-OCT. In vitro findings suggested that P210R-Prph2 retains the ability to interact with binding partner Rom1 but abnormally accumulates in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), suggesting the protein does not fold properly.Rod and cone sensitivities were decreased in subjects with the P210R mutation in PRPH2. There was scotomatous vision loss that occurred within the macula, likely due to atrophy that occurs after drusen have formed and have begun to resolve. This suggests that although rod and cone photoreceptors are dependent on PRPH2, preventing blindness in this specific subgroup of patients could involve therapeutics that impede the formation or lifecycle of drusen.
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- 2022
13. Network‐based visualisation reveals new insights into transposable element diversity
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Yike Guo, David Birch, Lisa Schneider, and Peter Sarkies
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Transposable element ,Medicine (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Biology ,Network topology ,Genome ,Chromatin, Epigenetics, Genomics & Functional Genomics ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Article ,Evolution, Molecular ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,R5-920 ,evolution ,RNA, Small Interfering ,Biology (General) ,Gene ,Phylogeny ,030304 developmental biology ,Sequence (medicine) ,0303 health sciences ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,Phylogenetic tree ,Ecology ,epigenetics ,Applied Mathematics ,Computational Biology ,food and beverages ,Articles ,Computational Theory and Mathematics ,Evolutionary biology ,piRNAs ,networks ,Horizontal gene transfer ,DNA Transposable Elements ,transposable elements ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Information Systems ,Network analysis - Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) are widespread across eukaryotic genomes, yet their content varies widely between different species. Factors shaping the diversity of TEs are poorly understood. Understanding the evolution of TEs is difficult because their sequences diversify rapidly and TEs are often transferred through non‐conventional means such as horizontal gene transfer. We developed a method to track TE evolution using network analysis to visualise TE sequence and TE content across different genomes. We illustrate our method by first using a monopartite network to study the sequence evolution of Tc1/mariner elements across focal species. We identify a connection between two subfamilies associated with convergent acquisition of a domain from a protein‐coding gene. Second, we use a bipartite network to study how TE content across species is shaped by epigenetic silencing mechanisms. We show that the presence of Piwi‐interacting RNAs is associated with differences in network topology after controlling for phylogenetic effects. Together, our method demonstrates how a network‐based approach can identify hitherto unknown properties of TE evolution across species., A novel network‐based method is used to study transposable element (TE) evolution, revealing new insights into how epigenetic silencing mechanisms affect TE content across species.
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- 2021
14. Diagnostic accuracy of whole-body MRI versus standard imaging pathways for metastatic disease in newly diagnosed colorectal cancer: the prospective Streamline C trial
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Vicky Goh, Alistair Rienhardt, Priya Limbu, Veronica A. Morgan, Beth Shepherd, David J. Breen, Kayleigh Gilbert, Paul Nichols, Lisa Woodrow, Neal Navani, Sophia Hans, Stephen Karp, Ruth E.C. Evans, Chris Everitt, Andrew Gogbashian, Elizabeth Chang, Nina Tunariu, Amelia Daniel, Elizabeth Hadley, Tina Mills-Baldock, Clare Collins, Ibiyemi Olaleye, Shraddha Weir, Martha Handousa, Rob Glynne-Jones, Steve Halligan, Antony Higginson, Uday Patel, Azmina Verjee, Aji Kavidasan, Sarah Howling, Andrew Bateman, Priscilla Phiri, Imogen Locke, Lyn Blakeway, Joanne Kellaway, Abel Jalloh, Elizabeth Green, Helen Pardoe, Simon Ball, Reyes Lauigan, Jonathan Wilson, Dominic Blunt, U. Ekeowa, Amy Davis, Jon Robinson, S. Burke, Prital Patel, Marian Duggan, Harbir S. Sidhu, Farzana Rahman, Sofia Gourtsoyianni, Shaki Balogun, Pippa Riddle, Peter Boavida, Colin Elton, Stefania Stegner, Daniel J. Smith, Zoltan Nagy, Suzanne Chukundah, Jenna Couture, Laura L. Quinn, Terry O'Shaughnessy, Revanth Jannapureddy, Heather Hughes, Shonit Punwani, Subramanian Ramesh, Anne Miles, Sajid A. Khan, Michelle Saull, Stuart A. Taylor, Tanjil Nawaz, Khawaja Shahabuddin, Andy Lowe, Gauraang Bhatnagar, James Crosbie, Thida Win, Rashidat Adeniba, Helen Beedham, Sahar Naaseri, Nicola Lucas, Fiona McKirdy, Abby Sharp, Lorraine Hurl, Nicola Gibbons, Laura Hughes, Alison Morton, William Partridge, Amy Smith, Krystyna Reczko, Rudi Borgstein, Ann O'Callaghan, Davide Prezzi, Ayshea Hameeduddin, Nelesh Jeyadevan, Matthew Train, John O'Donohue, Teresa Light, Shahanara Ferdous, Austen Obichere, Caroline S. Clarke, Wivijin Piga, Anita Rhodes, Ian C Simcock, Meena Reddi, Shanna Wilson, John Bridgewater, Keyury Desai, Anwar R. Padhani, Maureen Furneaux, Raj Srirajaskanthan, Kishor Barhate, Anita Amadi, Sandy Beare, Dorothee Boisfer, Ferrial Syeed, Elizabeth Isaac, Amjad Mohammed, Katie Prior, Mohamed A. Thaha, Jonathan McCullogh, Kara Sargus, Andrea Rockall, Clive Kay, David Chao, Eleni Ntala, J. James Stirling, Dow-Mu Koh, David Birch, Adrian Green, Marie Jackson, Sanjaya Wijeyekoon, Girija Anand, Hameed Rafiee, Ali Mohammed, Richard Beable, William Ricketts, Liane Davis, Shafi Ahmed, Tina Stoycheva, Sally O'Connor, Jamila Roehrig, Steve Ellis, Catherine Norman, Balinder Hans, Nishat Bharwani, Peter Russell, Kitrick Perry, Ellice Marwood, Alfred Oliver, Stephen Morris, Veronica Conteh, Eleni Karapanagiotou, Saba Mahmud, Sidra Tulmuntaha, Christian Kelly-Morland, Alice Johnson, Sasithar Maheswaran, Farid Bazari, Yvonne Campbell, Rajapandian Ilangovan, Adnam Alam, Tuck-Kay Loke, Susan Mallett, G. Atkin, Nicola H. Strickland, Dominic Yu, Ashley M. Groves, Chloe van Someren, Ian Jenkins, Kai-Keen Shiu, Colm Prendergast, Sherif Raouf, Jagadish Kalasthry, David Snell, Nathalie Rich, Louise Lim, Michael Long, Edward W. Johnston, Kathryn Tarver, Sam M. Janes, Laletha Agoramoorthy, Rommel Butawan, Pooja Datt, Jonathan Teague, Christopher Wanstall, Jane De Los, Sara Lock, Adoracion Jayme, Alec Engledow, Janet McGowan, Andre Nunes, Akosa Aboagye, Howard Curtis, Teresita Beeston, Angshu Bhowmik, Gule Hanid, E. Scurr, Payal Julka, Lesley Honeyfield, Aileen Austria, Celia Simeon, Katherine van Ree, Adesewa Onajobi, Lara Curry, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust- BRC Funding, and Department of Health
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Technology Assessment, Biomedical ,Colorectal cancer ,Population ,Streamline investigators ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Article ,law.invention ,Metastasis ,psyc ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Whole Body Imaging ,Prospective Studies ,Neoplasm Metastasis ,Adverse effect ,education ,Prospective cohort study ,Aged ,Neoplasm Staging ,education.field_of_study ,Pregnancy ,Hepatology ,business.industry ,Gastroenterology ,Cancer ,Neoplasms, Second Primary ,Middle Aged ,Reference Standards ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,3. Good health ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Critical Pathways ,Female ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Colorectal Neoplasms ,business - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Whole-body MRI (WB-MRI) could be an alternative to multimodality staging of colorectal cancer, but its diagnostic accuracy, effect on staging times, number of tests needed, cost, and effect on treatment decisions are unknown. We aimed to prospectively compare the diagnostic accuracy and efficiency of WB-MRI-based staging pathways with standard pathways in colorectal cancer.METHODS: The Streamline C trial was a prospective, multicentre trial done in 16 hospitals in England. Eligible patients were 18 years or older, with newly diagnosed colorectal cancer. Exclusion criteria were severe systemic disease, pregnancy, contraindications to MRI, or polyp cancer. Patients underwent WB-MRI, the result of which was withheld until standard staging investigations were complete and the first treatment decision made. The multidisciplinary team recorded its treatment decision based on standard investigations, then on the WB-MRI staging pathway (WB-MRI plus additional tests generated), and finally on all tests. The primary outcome was difference in per-patient sensitivity for metastases between standard and WB-MRI staging pathways against a consensus reference standard at 12 months, in the per-protocol population. Secondary outcomes were difference in per-patient specificity for metastatic disease detection between standard and WB-MRI staging pathways, differences in treatment decisions, staging efficiency (time taken, test number, and costs), and per-organ sensitivity and specificity for metastases and per-patient agreement for local T and N stage. This trial is registered with the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial registry, number ISRCTN43958015, and is complete.FINDINGS: Between March 26, 2013, and Aug 19, 2016, 1020 patients were screened for eligibility. 370 patients were recruited, 299 of whom completed the trial; 68 (23%) had metastasis at baseline. Pathway sensitivity was 67% (95% CI 56 to 78) for WB-MRI and 63% (51 to 74) for standard pathways, a difference in sensitivity of 4% (-5 to 13, p=0·51). No adverse events related to imaging were reported. Specificity did not differ between WB-MRI (95% [95% CI 92-97]) and standard pathways (93% [90-96], p=0·48). Agreement with the multidisciplinary team's final treatment decision was 96% for WB-MRI and 95% for the standard pathway. Time to complete staging was shorter for WB-MRI (median, 8 days [IQR 6-9]) than for the standard pathway (13 days [11-15]); a 5-day (3-7) difference. WB-MRI required fewer tests (median, one [95% CI 1 to 1]) than did standard pathways (two [2 to 2]), a difference of one (1 to 1). Mean per-patient staging costs were £216 (95% CI 211-221) for WB-MRI and £285 (260-310) for standard pathways.INTERPRETATION: WB-MRI staging pathways have similar accuracy to standard pathways and reduce the number of tests needed, staging time, and cost.FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research.
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- 2019
15. Fabrication and Calibration of Directionally-Resolved Micropillars Using Off-the-Shelf Piezoresistive Dies
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Paul Nathan, David Birch, Xiaozhi Kong, and Arthur Poulain
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business.product_category ,Fabrication ,Materials science ,Silicon ,business.industry ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Doping ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Aerodynamics ,01 natural sciences ,Piezoresistive effect ,0104 chemical sciences ,Flow control (fluid) ,Boundary layer ,chemistry ,Die (manufacturing) ,Optoelectronics ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Instrumentation - Abstract
A two-component micropillar system has been developed for use in flow characterization and control applications. It is shown that the piezoresistive elements in a conventional pressure sensing die can be used to measure moments directly applied to the die with reasonable sensitivity. The concept is then demonstrated by bonding a small, rigid pillar to the centre of a commercially-available, off-the-shelf doped silicon pressure sensing membrane with integrated piezoresistive bridge elements. The signal response of the system is then calibrated against aerodynamic loading, and a typical sensitivity of 70 mV/ ${\mu }$ Nm is demonstrated. The functionality of the micropillars in flow control applications is verified by recessing the pillar below a flat surface on which a model boundary layer is developed. By processing the signals through the membrane bridge-arms independently, directionally-resolved forces may also be obtained.
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- 2019
16. Open Visualization Environment (OVE): A web framework for scalable rendering of data visualizations
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Ovidiu Serban, Miguel Molina-Solana, Yike Guo, Thomas Heinis, David Birch, David Akroyd, Senaka Fernando, James Scott-Brown, European Commission, and European Commission Directorate-General for Research and Innovation
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Computer Networks and Communications ,Computer science ,02 engineering and technology ,0805 Distributed Computing ,computer.software_genre ,Rendering (computer graphics) ,Data visualization ,User experience design ,Human–computer interaction ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Architecture ,business.industry ,Web application framework ,0803 Computer Software ,020206 networking & telecommunications ,Modular design ,Visualization ,Hardware and Architecture ,Middleware ,0806 Information Systems ,Scalability ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,business ,Distributed Computing ,computer ,Software - Abstract
Scalable resolution display environments, including immersive data observatories, are emerging as equitable and socially engaging platforms for collaborative data exploration and decision making. These environments require specialized middleware to drive them, but, due to various limitations, there is still a gap in frameworks capable of scalable rendering of data visualizations. To overcome these limitations, we introduce a new modular open-source middleware, the Open Visualization Environment (OVE). This framework uses web technologies to provide an ecosystem for visualizing data using web browsers that span hundreds of displays. In this paper, we discuss the key design features and architecture of our framework as well as its limitations. This is followed by an extensive study on performance and scalability, which validates its design and compares it to the popular SAGE2 middleware. We show how our framework solves three key limitations in SAGE2. Thereafter, we present two of our projects that used OVE and show how it can extend SAGE2 to overcome limitations and simplify the user experience for common data visualization use-cases.
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- 2020
17. Longitudinal Changes of Fixation Location and Stability Within 12 Months in Stargardt Disease: ProgStar Report No. 12
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Etienne M. Schönbach, Rupert W. Strauss, Xiangrong Kong, Beatriz Muñoz, Mohamed A. Ibrahim, Janet S. Sunness, David G. Birch, Gesa-Astrid Hahn, Fadi Nasser, Eberhart Zrenner, SriniVas R. Sadda, Sheila K. West, Hendrik P.N. Scholl, Yulia Wolfson, Millena Bittencourt, Syed Mahmood Shah, Mohamed Ahmed, Etienne Schönbach, Kaoru Fujinami, Elias Traboulsi, Justis Ehlers, Meghan Marino, Susan Crowe, Rachael Briggs, Angela Borer, Anne Pinter, Tami Fecko, Nikki Burgnoni, Carol Applegate, Leslie Russell, Michel Michaelides, Simona Degli Esposti, Anthony Moore, Andrew Webster, Sophie Connor, Jade Barnfield, Zaid Salchi, Clara Alfageme, Victoria McCudden, Maria Pefkianaki, Jonathan Aboshiha, Gerald Liew, Graham Holder, Anthony Robson, Alexa King, Daniela Ivanova Cajas Narvaez, Katy Barnard, Catherine Grigg, Hannah Dunbar, Yetunde Obadeyi, Karine Girard-Claudon, Hilary Swann, Avani Rughani, Charles Amoah, Dominic Carrington, Kanom Bibi, Emerson Ting Co, Mohamed Nafaz Illiyas, Hamida Begum, Andrew Carter, Anne Georgiou, Selma Lewism, Saddaf Shaheen, Harpreet Shinmar, Linda Burton, Paul Bernstein, Kimberley Wegner, Briana Lauren Sawyer, Bonnie Carlstrom, Kellian Farnsworth, Cyrie Fry, Melissa Chandler, Glen Jenkins, Donnel Creel, David Birch, Yi-Zhong Wang, Luis Rodriguez, Kirsten Locke, Martin Klein, Paulina Mejia, Artur V. Cideciyan, Samuel G. Jacobson, Sharon B. Schwartz, Rodrigo Matsui, Michaela Gruzensky, Jason Charng, Alejandro J. Roman, Gesa Astrid Hahn, Barbara Wilhelm, Tobias Peters, Benjamin Beier, Tilman Koenig, Susanne Kramer, José-Alain Sahel, Saddek Mohand-Said, Isabelle Audo, Caroline Laurent-Coriat, Ieva Sliesoraityte, Christina Zeitz, Fiona Boyard, Minh Ha Tran, Mathias Chapon, Céline Chaumette, Juliette Amaudruz, Victoria Ganem, Serge Sancho, Aurore Girmens, Robert Wojciechowski, Shazia Khan, David G. Emmert, Dennis Cain, Mark Herring, Jennifer Bassinger, Lisa Liberto, Sheila West, Ann-Margret Ervin, Beatriz Munoz, Kurt Dreger, Jennifer Jones, Srinivas Sadda, Michael S. Ip, Anamika Jha, Alex Ho, Brendan Kramer, Ngoc Lam, Rita Tawdros, Yong Dong Zhou, Johana Carmona, Akihito Uji, Amirhossein Hariri, Amy Lock, Anthony Elshafei, Anushika Ganegoda, Christine Petrossian, Dennis Jenkins, Edward Strnad, Elmira Baghdasaryan, Eric Ito, Feliz Samson, Gloria Blanquel, Handan Akil, Jhanisus Melendez, Jianqin Lei, Jianyan Huang, Jonathan Chau, Khalil G. Falavarjani, Kristina Espino, Manfred Li, Maria Mendoza, Muneeswar Gupta Nittala, Netali Roded, Nizar Saleh, Ping Huang, Sean Pitetta, Siva Balasubramanian, Sophie Leahy, Sowmya J. Srinivas, Swetha B. Velaga, Teresa Margaryan, Tudor Tepelus, Tyler Brown, Wenying Fan, Yamileth Murillo, Yue Shi, Katherine Aguilar, Cynthia Chan, Lisa Santos, Brian Seo, Christopher Sison, Silvia Perez, Stephanie Chao, Kelly Miyasato, Julia Higgins, Zoila Luna, Anita Menchaca, Norma Gonzalez, Vicky Robledo, Karen Carig, Kirstie Baker, David Ellenbogen, Daniel Bluemel, Theo Sanford, Daisy Linares, Mei Tran, Lorane Nava, Michelle Oberoi, Mark Romero, Vivian Chiguil, Grantley Bynum-Bain, Monica Kim, Carolina Mendiguren, Xiwen Huang, Monika Smith, and Natalie Sarreal
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Adult ,Male ,Fixation stability ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Visual Acuity ,Fixation, Ocular ,Retina ,Article ,Standard deviation ,Macular Degeneration ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Ophthalmology ,medicine ,Humans ,Stargardt Disease ,Prospective Studies ,Young adult ,Child ,Prospective cohort study ,Aged ,business.industry ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Confidence interval ,Stargardt disease ,Fixation (visual) ,030221 ophthalmology & optometry ,Visual Field Tests ,Female ,Visual Fields ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Natural history study ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Purpose To investigate the natural history of Stargardt disease (STGD1) using fixation location and fixation stability. Design Multicenter, international, prospective cohort study. Methods Fixation testing was performed using the Nidek MP-1 microperimeter as part of the prospective, multicenter, natural history study on the Prog ression of Star gardt disease (ProgStar). A total of 238 patients with ABCA4-related STGD1 were enrolled at baseline (bilateral enrollment in 86.6%) and underwent repeat testing at months 6 and 12. Results Outcome measures included the distance of the preferred retinal locus from the fovea (PRL) and the bivariate contour ellipse area (BCEA). After 12 months of follow-up, the change in the eccentricity of the PRL from the anatomic fovea was −0.0014 degrees (95% confidence interval [CI], −0.27 degrees, 0.27 degrees; P = .99). The deterioration in the stability of fixation as expressed by a larger BCEA encompassing 1 standard deviation of all fixation points was 1.21 degrees squared (deg2) (95% CI, −1.23 deg2, 3.65 deg2; P = .33). Eyes with increases and decreases in PRL eccentricity and/or BCEA values were observed. Conclusions Our observations point to the complexity of fixation parameters. The association of increasingly eccentric and unstable fixation with longer disease duration that is typically found in cross-sectional studies may be countered within individual patients by poorly understood processes like neuronal adaptation. Nevertheless, fixation parameters may serve as useful secondary outcome parameters in selected cases and for counseling patients to explain changes to their visual functionality.
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- 2018
18. Compositional Microservices for Immersive Social Visual Analytics
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Douglas McIlwraith, David Birch, Yike Guo, Miguel Molina-Solana, and Senaka Fernando
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Visual analytics ,Data visualization ,business.industry ,Analytics ,Human–computer interaction ,Computer science ,Big data ,Microservices ,business ,Raw data ,Rendering (computer graphics) ,Visualization - Abstract
As humans, we have developed to process highly complex visual data from our surroundings. This is why data visualization and interaction is one of the quickest ways to facilitate investigation and communicate understanding. To perform visual analytics effectively at the \textit{big data} scale it is crucial that we develop an integrated processing and visualization ecosystem. However, to date, in Large High-Resolution Display (LHRD) environments the worlds of data processing and visualization remain largely disconnected. In this paper, we propose a common architectural approach to enable integrated data processing and distributed visualization via the composition of discrete microservices. Each of these microservices provides a very specific clearly-defined function, such as analyzing data, creating a visualization, sharding data or providing a synchronization source. By defining common transport, data and API formats we enable the composition of these microservices from processing raw data through to analytics, visualization and rendering. This compositionality, inspired by successful data-driven visualization frameworks provides a common platform for immersive social visual analytics.
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- 2019
19. Experimental and Computational Investigation for In-Line Boundary Layer Ingestion
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Lucas L. Kob, John Doherty, and David Birch
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Flow separation ,Boundary layer ,Materials science ,business.industry ,Line (geometry) ,Boundary value problem ,Aerodynamics ,Mechanics ,Propulsion ,Computational fluid dynamics ,Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations ,business - Abstract
The aerodynamic characteristics of an aft-body, in-line mounted, boundary layer ingesting, electric ducted fan, propulsion installation system has been investigated through experimental and computational analysis. A modular wind-tunnel model allows variation in the geometry of the propulsion installation system to be assessed, in combination with fan speed. Various experimental measurement techniques, including LDA, seven-hole-probe and surface pressures are employed. The propulsion installation system has also been investigated using RANS CFD and comparison with experimental data is presented. An investigation of the boundary conditions for efficiently representing the fan in CFD is described. Initial results show reasonably good agreement between CFD and experiment, in terms of velocity profiles and surface pressures, but highlight remaining differences for cases exhibiting flow separation.
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- 2019
20. Gazelles
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David Birch and James Medoff
- Published
- 2019
21. Attempts on the Reduction of Leakage Flow Through the Stator Well in an Axial Compressor
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Yuxin Liu, David Birch, Gaowen Liu, Xiaozhi Kong, and Longxi Zheng
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Materials science ,Stator ,Mechanical Engineering ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Aerospace Engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Aerodynamics ,Mechanics ,Labyrinth seal ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,law.invention ,Impeller ,020303 mechanical engineering & transports ,Fuel Technology ,Axial compressor ,0203 mechanical engineering ,Nuclear Energy and Engineering ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,Gas compressor ,Pressure gradient ,Leakage (electronics) - Abstract
As performance improvements of compressors become more difficult to obtain, the optimization of stator well structure to control the reverse leakage flow is a more important research subject. Normally, the stator well can be considered as two rotor–stator cavities linked by the labyrinth seal. The flow with high tangential velocity and high total temperature exited from the stator well interacts with the main flow, which can affect the compressor aerodynamic performance. Based on the flow mechanisms in the basic stator well, four geometries were proposed and studied. For geometry a and geometry b, seal lips were attached to the rotor and stator inside downstream rim seal while impellers were positioned in the cavities for geometry c and geometry d. Leakage flow rates, tangential velocities, and pressure distributions in the cavities were analyzed using validated method of computational fluid dynamics. In the current study, where ω = 8000 rpm, π = 1.05–1.30, the maximum reductions of leakage flow rate for geometry a and geometry b are 7.9% and 15.9%, respectively, compared to the baseline model. In addition, the rotating impellers in the downstream cavity for geometry c contribute to a more significant pressure gradient along radial direction, reducing the leakage flow as much as 46%. Although the stationary impellers in the upstream cavity for geometry d appear to have little effect upon the leakage, these impellers can be used to adjust the tangential velocity of ejected flow from the stator well to the mainstream.
- Published
- 2019
22. Diagnostic accuracy of whole-body MRI versus standard imaging pathways for metastatic disease in newly diagnosed non-small-cell lung cancer: the prospective Streamline L trial
- Author
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Helen Pardoe, Teresa Light, Sherif Raouf, Lara Curry, Alison Morton, Keyury Desai, Colin Elton, Anita Rhodes, Anita Amadi, Shraddha Weir, Tanjil Nawaz, David Chao, Ian C Simcock, U. Ekeowa, Louise Lim, S. Burke, Peter Boavida, Subramanian Ramesh, Reyes Lauigan, Prital Patel, Ann O'Callaghan, Ayshea Hameeduddin, John O'Donohue, Marie Jackson, Anwar R. Padhani, Hameed Rafiee, Ferrial Syeed, Amjad Mohammed, Sally O'Connor, Simon Ball, Elizabeth Isaac, Elizabeth Chang, Nina Tunariu, Jon Robinson, Pippa Riddle, Martha Handousa, Jonathan Wilson, Thida Win, Rashidat Adeniba, Rob Glynne-Jones, Steve Halligan, Aji Kavidasan, Kara Sargus, Amelia Daniel, Amy Smith, Adnam Alam, Tuck-Kay Loke, Amy Davis, Harbir S. Sidhu, Shahanara Ferdous, Sarah Howling, Michael Long, Gauraang Bhatnagar, Antony Higginson, Uday Patel, Pooja Datt, Christopher Wanstall, Terry O'Shaughnessy, Susan Mallett, Ashley M. Groves, Tina Mills-Baldock, James Crosbie, Shonit Punwani, Sam M. Janes, Aileen Austria, Anne Miles, Michelle Saull, Shanna Wilson, Raj Srirajaskanthan, Ibiyemi Olaleye, Kayleigh Gilbert, Heather Hughes, Fiona McKirdy, Adrian Green, Vicky Goh, Chloe van Someren, Kishor Barhate, Sandy Beare, Shaki Balogun, Adoracion Jayme, Khawaja Shahabuddin, Sajid A. Khan, Matthew Train, Austen Obichere, Azmina Verjee, Wivijin Piga, Janet McGowan, Sanjaya Wijeyekoon, E. Scurr, Jonathan McCullogh, Andrea Rockall, David J. Breen, Andy Lowe, Nicola Lucas, Alistair Rienhardt, Dow-Mu Koh, Lesley Honeyfield, John Bridgewater, Edward W. Johnston, Meena Reddi, Eleni Ntala, Colm Prendergast, Priya Limbu, Veronica A. Morgan, Laletha Agoramoorthy, William Partridge, Maureen Furneaux, Helen Beedham, Abby Sharp, Balinder Hans, Katie Prior, David Birch, Mohamed A. Thaha, Dorothee Boisfer, Clive Kay, Jagadish Kalasthry, Rudi Borgstein, Adesewa Onajobi, David Snell, Stuart A. Taylor, Nicola Gibbons, Christian Kelly-Morland, Sasithar Maheswaran, Angshu Bhowmik, Jane De Los, Ali Mohammed, Richard Beable, Tina Stoycheva, Paul Nichols, Beth Shepherd, Alec Engledow, Laura Hughes, Lyn Blakeway, Gule Hanid, Lisa Woodrow, Andre Nunes, Neal Navani, Sophia Hans, Stephen Karp, Nishat Bharwani, Kitrick Perry, Kathryn Tarver, Howard Curtis, Sahar Naaseri, Ian Jenkins, Teresita Beeston, J. James Stirling, Krystyna Reczko, Chris Everitt, Rommel Butawan, Stephen Morris, Eleni Karapanagiotou, Jonathan Teague, Priscilla Phiri, Andrew Gogbashian, Imogen Locke, Payal Julka, Sara Lock, Caroline S. Clarke, Yvonne Campbell, Rajapandian Ilangovan, Akosa Aboagye, Celia Simeon, William Ricketts, Marian Duggan, Ellice Marwood, Lorraine Hurl, Katherine van Ree, Daniel J. Smith, Elizabeth Hadley, Kai-Keen Shiu, Saba Mahmud, Clare Collins, David Prezzi, Revanth Jannapureddy, Andrew Bateman, Steve Ellis, Peter Russell, Veronica Conteh, Abel Jalloh, Elizabeth Green, Sidra Tulmuntaha, Dominic Blunt, Sofia Gourtsoyianni, Alice Johnson, Stefania Stegner, Alfred Oliver, Nathalie Rich, Joanne Kellaway, Farzana Rahman, Zoltan Nagy, Suzanne Chukundah, Ruth E.C. Evans, Jenna Couture, Laura L. Quinn, Girija Anand, Liane Davis, Catherine Norman, Nelesh Jeyadevan, Farid Bazari, G. Atkin, Nicola H. Strickland, Dominic Yu, Shafi Ahmed, Jamila Roehrig, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust- BRC Funding, and Department of Health
- Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Lung Neoplasms ,Population ,Disease ,Streamline investigators ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,Metastasis ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ,medicine ,Humans ,Whole Body Imaging ,Prospective Studies ,Neoplasm Metastasis ,education ,Lung cancer ,Adverse effect ,Lung ,Aged ,education.field_of_study ,Pregnancy ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,3. Good health ,England ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Female ,Radiology ,business ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed - Abstract
Summary Background Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) could be an alternative to multi-modality staging of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but its diagnostic accuracy, effect on staging times, number of tests needed, cost, and effect on treatment decisions are unknown. We aimed to prospectively compare the diagnostic accuracy and efficiency of WB-MRI-based staging pathways with standard pathways in NSCLC. Methods The Streamline L trial was a prospective, multicentre trial done in 16 hospitals in England. Eligible patients were 18 years or older, with newly diagnosed NSCLC that was potentially radically treatable on diagnostic chest CT (defined as stage IIIb or less). Exclusion criteria were severe systemic disease, pregnancy, contraindications to MRI, or histologies other than NSCLC. Patients underwent WB-MRI, the result of which was withheld until standard staging investigations were complete and the first treatment decision made. The multidisciplinary team recorded its treatment decision based on standard investigations, then on the WB-MRI staging pathway (WB-MRI plus additional tests generated), and finally on all tests. The primary outcome was difference in per-patient sensitivity for metastases between standard and WB-MRI staging pathways against a consensus reference standard at 12 months, in the per-protocol population. Secondary outcomes were difference in per-patient specificity for metastatic disease detection between standard and WB-MRI staging pathways, differences in treatment decisions, staging efficiency (time taken, test number, and costs) and per-organ sensitivity and specificity for metastases and per-patient agreement for local T and N stage. This trial is registered with the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial registry, number ISRCTN50436483, and is complete. Findings Between Feb 26, 2013, and Sept 5, 2016, 976 patients were screened for eligibility. 353 patients were recruited, 187 of whom completed the trial; 52 (28%) had metastasis at baseline. Pathway sensitivity was 50% (95% CI 37–63) for WB-MRI and 54% (41–67) for standard pathways, a difference of 4% (−7 to 15, p=0·73). No adverse events related to imaging were reported. Specificity did not differ between WB-MRI (93% [88–96]) and standard pathways (95% [91–98], p=0·45). Agreement with the multidisciplinary team's final treatment decision was 98% for WB-MRI and 99% for the standard pathway. Time to complete staging was shorter for WB-MRI (13 days [12–14]) than for the standard pathway (19 days [17–21]); a 6-day (4–8) difference. The number of tests required was similar WB-MRI (one [1–1]) and standard pathways (one [1–2]). Mean per-patient costs were £317 (273–361) for WBI-MRI and £620 (574–666) for standard pathways. Interpretation WB-MRI staging pathways have similar accuracy to standard pathways, and reduce the staging time and costs. Funding UK National Institute for Health Research.
- Published
- 2019
23. Computational Design Synergy: Stimulation Through Simulation
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David Birch and Alvise Simondetti
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Urban Studies ,Transport engineering ,Crowds ,Visual Arts and Performing Arts ,Computer science ,Architecture ,Computational design ,Stock (geology) - Abstract
Figure 1. (Previous page). Crowds of commuters at Admiralty Station on the Mass Transit Railway in Hong Kong. (Photo credit: Paul Springett 07 / Alamy Stock Photo.)In complex decision-making such a...
- Published
- 2017
24. Crowdsourcing with online quantitative design analysis
- Author
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David Birch, Alvise Simondetti, Yike Guo, Engineering & Physical Science Research Council (EPSRC), EPSRC, and Ove Arup and Partners International Ltd
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08 Information And Computing Sciences ,Quantitative design ,business.industry ,Computer science ,05 social sciences ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,050801 communication & media studies ,021107 urban & regional planning ,Cloud computing ,02 engineering and technology ,Crowdsourcing ,Data science ,Design team ,Design Practice & Management ,09 Engineering ,Visualization ,Participatory approach ,0508 media and communications ,Artificial Intelligence ,Sustainability ,business ,Engineering design process ,Information Systems - Abstract
Design is a balancing act between people’s competing concerns, design options and design performance. Recently collecting data on such concerns such as sustainability or aesthetics has become possible through online crowdsourcing, particularly in 3d. However, such systems rarely present more than a single design alternative or allow users to change the design and seldom provide quantitative design analysis to gauge design performance. This precludes a more participatory approach including a wider audience and their insight in the design process. To improve the design process we propose a system to assist the design team in exploring the balance of concerns, design options and their performance. We augment a 3d visualisation crowdsourcing environment with quantitative on-demand assessment of design variants run in the cloud. This enables crowdsourced exploration of the design space and its performance. Automated participant tracking and explicit submitted feedback on design options are collated and presented to aid the design team in balancing the demands of urban master planning. We report application of this system to an urban masterplan with Arup.
- Published
- 2018
25. Wake vortex mechanisms behind semi-porous cylinders
- Author
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Joao Aguiar Aguiar Oliveira Rosa, Manuel Pelacci, and David Birch
- Subjects
Shear (sheet metal) ,Materials science ,Flow (psychology) ,Aerodynamics ,Mechanics ,Vorticity ,Wake ,Wake turbulence ,Vortex shedding ,Scaling - Abstract
There has been much recent interest in the combined structural and aerodynamic properties of porous metal foams, but there does not yet appear to be a consensus on the aerodynamic behaviour of these foam materials. A comprehensive analytical and experimental study with special attention to scaling was carried out in order to examine the flow around cylinders coated with porous metal foam and characterize the effects upon the mechanisms governing shear layer separation, vortex shedding and wake formation. Results have yielded a correlation between the distance separating the detaching shear layers and the vorticity losses in the near-wake. It seems that it is the coating configuration, rather than geometry, that influences vortex shedding, and therefore foams affect the flow in a similar way as shrouds or bleeding systems.
- Published
- 2018
26. Natural ventilation in cities: the implications of fluid mechanics
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Roderic L. Jones, C. A. Short, Helen ApSimon, Michael Herzog, Jiyun Song, Shiwei Fan, Paul Linden, Laetitia Mottet, M.S. Davies Wykes, Elsa Aristodemou, Matteo Carpentieri, Christopher C. Pain, Rossella Arcucci, David Birch, Huw Woodward, D. Xiao, J.-E. Debay, William E. Lin, Alan Robins, Fangxin Fang, Gary R. Hunt, and Dimitrios Pavlidis
- Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Meteorology ,Urban climatology ,Airflow ,Natural ventilation ,Building and Construction ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,External flow ,law ,Ventilation (architecture) ,Environmental science ,Roof ,Air quality index ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Civil and Structural Engineering ,Wind tunnel - Abstract
Research under the Managing Air for Green Inner Cities (MAGIC) project uses measurements and modelling to investigate the connections between external and internal conditions: the impact of urban airflow on the natural ventilation of a building. The test site was chosen so that under different environmental conditions the levels of external pollutants entering the building, from either a polluted road or a relatively clean courtyard, would be significantly different. Measurements included temperature, relative humidity, local wind and solar radiation, together with levels of carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) both inside and outside the building to assess the indoor–outdoor exchange flows. Building ventilation took place through windows on two sides, allowing for single-sided and crosswind-driven ventilation, and also stack-driven ventilation in low wind conditions. The external flow around the test site was modelled in an urban boundary layer in a wind tunnel. The wind tunnel results were incorporated in a large-eddy-simulation model, Fluidity, and the results compared with monitoring data taken both within the building and from the surrounding area. In particular, the effects of street layout and associated street canyons, of roof geometry and the wakes of nearby tall buildings were examined.
- Published
- 2018
27. Calibration and Use of n-Hole Velocity Probes
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Alex Titchmarsh, Samantha Shaw-Ward, and David Birch
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Physics ,business.industry ,Angle of attack ,Diagonal ,Aerospace Engineering ,Static pressure ,Wake ,Pressure coefficient ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Optics ,Calibration ,Sensitivity (control systems) ,business ,Wind tunnel - Abstract
A generalized calibration process is presented for multi-hole, pressure-based velocity probes which is independent of the number of holes and probe geometry, allowing the use of probes with large numbers of holes. The calibration algorithm is demonstrated at low speeds with a conventional seven-hole pressure probe and a novel nineteen-hole pressure probe. Because the calibration algorithm is independent of probe configuration, it is very tolerant of data corruption and imperfections in the probe tip geometry. The advantages of using probes with large numbers of holes is demonstrated in a conventional wing wake survey. The nineteen-hole probe offers a higher angular sensitivity than a conventional seven-hole probe, and can accurately measure velocity components even when an analytical calibration scheme is used. The probe can also provide local estimates of the diagonal components of the cross-flow velocity gradient tensor in highly vortical flows.
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- 2015
28. Corporate Citizenship
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David Birch
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ComputingMilieux_THECOMPUTINGPROFESSION ,business.industry ,Corporate governance ,Accountability ,Stakeholder ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDSOCIETY ,Corporate social responsibility ,Public relations ,Creating shared value ,Corporate communication ,business ,Transparency (behavior) ,Corporate security - Abstract
This chapter explores some of key issues, and their relevance for contemporary business. The social and environmental have to be incorporated, then, not as add-ons to a company's economic activities but as essential, integral, redefinitions of that company in order to better reflect the rapidly changing post-industrial economy. The sort of holistic, systemic, understanding of corporate citizenship currently being developed within BP in Australia clearly requires greater conceptual awareness of some foundational principles and processes of corporate citizenship. Corporate citizenship seeks to ensure that every person associated with an organisation is empowered to be able to contribute creatively. Corporate citizenship is about transparency. Corporate citizenship is about improved accountability and shared programmes, which bring benefit to all. The chapter concludes with a conceptual framework of corporate citizenship worked out in consultation with BP in Australia as a systemic, holistic approach that goes well beyond the externalities of corporate social responsibility.
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- 2017
29. ‘Working and Fighting for Progress, for Prosperity, for Society’
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David Birch
- Subjects
Law ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Corporate social responsibility ,Environmental ethics ,Sociology ,Prosperity ,Soul ,Transparency (behavior) ,media_common - Abstract
One of the things that many of us working in corporate citizenship tend to do is to assume that we are actually creating new agendas. Sometimes we do but, more often than not, other thinkers have been there before us. One such man worth revisiting in his extensive writings of over 60 years ago is Aldous Huxley, probably most famous to many for his novel Brave New World. This paper looks briefly at some of the things Huxley had to say that are relevant to our current thinking about the 'soul' of business and its relations to CSR and corporate citizenship.
- Published
- 2017
30. Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration secondary to ovarian carcinosarcoma: a cerebellar conundrum
- Author
-
Julian David Birch, Katherine Rowland, Arup Sen, and Tatyana Viner
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Neurology ,Unusual Association of Diseases/Symptoms ,Malignancy ,Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Degeneration ,Adnexal mass ,Diagnosis, Differential ,Treatment Refusal ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Carcinosarcoma ,Vertigo ,medicine ,Humans ,Ovarian Carcinosarcoma ,Stroke ,Aged ,Ovarian Neoplasms ,biology ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,CA-125 Antigen ,Abdomen ,Female ,Radiology ,business - Abstract
We present a case of an elderly female patient who presented with a 6-month history of progressive slurred speech, vertigo, unsteadiness and falls. She underwent an extensive battery of neurological and cardiovascular investigations, none of which demonstrated a diagnostic cause for her symptoms. She was referred to the stroke and neurology teams and was started on treatment for presumed anxiety. As her symptoms continued to progress, she was referred to the falls service. Following a multidisciplinary team discussion, she was reviewed by the consultant geriatrician who felt this may be due to a malignancy so the consultant geriatrician arranged blood testsand CT scan of her chest, abdomen and pelvis. These demonstrated a large left adnexal mass and a raised Ca-125 level. The patient was diagnosed with an ovarian tumour, which was treated surgically. A provisional diagnosis of paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration, secondary to ovarian carcinosarcoma, was made.
- Published
- 2017
31. Cervical shock: a complication of incomplete abortion
- Author
-
Sachin S Mandalia, Julian David Birch, and Divyansh Gulati
- Subjects
Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cervix Uteri ,Abortion ,Article ,Dilatation and Curettage ,Diagnosis, Differential ,03 medical and health sciences ,Incomplete Abortion ,0302 clinical medicine ,Obstetrics and gynaecology ,Pregnancy ,medicine ,Humans ,Vaginal bleeding ,030212 general & internal medicine ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,business.industry ,Obstetrics ,General Medicine ,Emergency department ,medicine.disease ,Abortion, Incomplete ,Shock, Septic ,Pregnancy Trimester, First ,Blood pressure ,Shock (circulatory) ,Anesthesia ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
A case of a 37-year-old female primagravida who attended the emergency department (ED) via ambulance in hypotensive shock. She was 10 weeks pregnant, but had an inevitable miscarriage confirmed in the local Early Pregnancy Unit 3 weeks previously. She was hypotension (90/60 mm Hg), bradycardic (45 bpm) and was peripherally shut down. A provisional diagnosis of haemorrhagic shock was made, but despite intravenous fluid challenges, she appeared to be deteriorating, so a major haemorrhage protocol was activated. On examination, there was some vaginal bleeding and a protruding sac noted. The gynaecology registrar was informed and performed an Evacuation of the Retained Products of Conception in the ED. This gave instant relief to the patient and her blood pressure and heart rate became normal over a few minutes. She went on to make a full recovery. This case provides useful learning points for doctors working in the ED and other urgent care settings.
- Published
- 2017
32. Digital Identity Management
- Author
-
David Birch
- Subjects
business.industry ,Sociology ,Public relations ,business ,Digital identity - Published
- 2017
33. Concinnity: A Generic Platform for Big Sensor Data Applications
- Author
-
Yike Guo, Dilshan Silva, Orestis Tsinalis, David Birch, Chao Wu, and Chun-Hsiang Lee
- Subjects
Computer Networks and Communications ,business.industry ,Visual sensor network ,Computer science ,Distributed computing ,Big data ,Cloud computing ,Information repository ,Sensor fusion ,Sensor web ,Computer Science Applications ,Data modeling ,Workflow ,Embedded system ,Computer Science (miscellaneous) ,business ,Software - Abstract
The drive toward smart cities alongside the increasing adoption of personal sensors is leading to big sensor data, which is so large and complex that traditional methods for utilizing it are inadequate. Although systems exist for storing and managing large-scale sensor data, the real value of such data are the insights it could enable. However, no current platforms enable sensor data to be taken from collection through use in models to produce useful data products. This article explores key challenges and introduces the Concinnity sensor data platform. Concinnity takes sensor data from collection to final product via a cloud-based data repository and easy-to-use workflow system. It supports rapid development of applications built on sensor data using data fusion and the integration and composition of models to form novel workflows. These key features enable value to be efficiently derived from sensor data.
- Published
- 2014
34. Improving data exploration in graphs with fuzzy logic and large-scale visualisation
- Author
-
Yike Guo, Miguel Molina-Solana, and David Birch
- Subjects
Graph sensemaking ,Computer science ,Data exploration ,0801 Artificial Intelligence And Image Processing ,02 engineering and technology ,Machine learning ,computer.software_genre ,Fuzzy logic ,Human–computer interaction ,0102 Applied Mathematics ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Large-scale visualisation ,business.industry ,Graph visualisation ,020207 software engineering ,Sensemaking ,Graph ,Visualization ,0806 Information Systems ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,computer ,Database transaction ,Software - Abstract
Graphical abstractDisplay Omitted HighlightsBetter graph-sensemaking through fuzzy queries and large-scale visualisation.Fuzzy logic to identify interesting nodes.Illustrative examples of such data exploration provided. This work presents three case-studies of how fuzzy logic can be combined with large-scale immersive visualisation to enhance the process of graph sensemaking, enabling interactive fuzzy filtering of large global views of graphs. The aim is to provide users a mechanism to quickly identify interesting nodes for further analysis. Fuzzy logic allows a flexible framework to ask human-like curiosity-driven questions over the data, and visualisation allows its communication and understanding. Together, these two technologies successfully empower novices and experts to a faster and deeper understanding of the underlying patterns in big datasets compared to traditional means in a desktop screen with crisp queries. Among other examples, we provide evidence of how these two technologies successfully enable the identification of relevant transaction patterns in the Bitcoin network.
- Published
- 2016
35. Talking 'Bout Your Reputation
- Author
-
David Birch
- Subjects
business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Data_MISCELLANEOUS ,Internet privacy ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDSOCIETY ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Cognitive reframing ,Sociology ,business ,General Environmental Science ,Anonymity ,Reputation ,media_common - Abstract
People think they want anonymity, but actually desire privacy. But how do we reframe the debate surrounding privacy and security? Perhaps technology is the answer.
- Published
- 2013
36. Effectiveness of UK and international A-level assessment in predicting performance in engineering
- Author
-
David Birch and Bart Rienties
- Subjects
Value (ethics) ,Medical education ,Higher education ,Process (engineering) ,business.industry ,Academic achievement ,computer.software_genre ,Education ,Engineering education ,Order (exchange) ,Educational assessment ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION ,Mathematics education ,Predicting performance ,business ,computer - Abstract
In many universities, admissions decisions are made based upon the advanced-level (A-Level) results. The purpose of this study was to assess the value of A-level and international equivalents as a predictor of early achievement in higher education. About 135 UK and 92 international undergraduate engineering students from 35 countries were assessed at different stages of their instruction. The results show that the key predictor for academic performance is whether or not the students received a British education. The implications are that more policies and awareness are needed in order to effectively support international students in engineering during their transitional process.
- Published
- 2013
37. Tracer particle momentum effects in vortex flows
- Author
-
David Birch and Nicholas Martin
- Subjects
Physics ,020301 aerospace & aeronautics ,Mechanical Engineering ,Rotational symmetry ,02 engineering and technology ,Mechanics ,Velocimetry ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Vortex ,Physics::Fluid Dynamics ,Momentum ,Classical mechanics ,0203 mechanical engineering ,Mechanics of Materials ,Particle tracking velocimetry ,0103 physical sciences ,Particle ,Particle size ,Stokes number - Abstract
The measurement of vortex flows with particle-image velocimetry (PIV) is particularly susceptible to error arising from the finite mass of the tracer particles, owing to the high velocities and accelerations typically experienced. A classical model of Stokes-flow particle transport is adopted, and an approximate solution for the case of particle transport within an axisymmetric, quasi-two-dimensional Batchelor $q$-vortex is presented. A generalized expression for the maximum particle tracking error is proposed for each of the velocity components, and the importance of finite particle size distributions is discussed. The results indicate that the tangential velocity component is significantly less sensitive to tracking error than the radial component, and that the conventional particle selection criterion (based on the particle Stokes number) may result in either over- or under-sized particles for a specified allowable error bound. Results were demonstrated by means of PIV measurements carried out in air and water using particles with very different properties.
- Published
- 2013
38. Executive coaching outcome research: The contribution of common factors such as relationship, personality match, and self-efficacy
- Author
-
Claire Jones, Anna Duckworth, David Birch, and Erik de Haan
- Subjects
Self-efficacy ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Coaching ,Outcome (game theory) ,Interpersonal relationship ,Argument ,Perception ,Personality ,Pharmacology (medical) ,business ,Organizational effectiveness ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,media_common - Abstract
This article argues for a new way of studying executive-coaching outcomes, which is illustrated with a study based on data from 156 client– coach pairs. The argument accepts that we are unlikely to get robust data on coaching outcomes in the near future but assumes that we can expect similar effectiveness for coaching as that demonstrated in rigorous psychotherapy outcome research. Therefore, it is argued that it is more important now to (a) identify the “active ingredients” that predict the effectiveness of executive coaching, and (b) to determine the difference in predictive value of these active ingredients on coaching effectiveness. The outcome study examined some of these active ingredients, such as the working alliance between coach and client, the self-efficacy of the client, the personality of the client, and the “personality match” between client and coach. The results show that client perceptions of coaching outcome were significantly related to their perceptions of the working alliance, client self-efficacy, and to client perceptions of the range of techniques of the coach. The client– coach relationship mediated the impact of self-efficacy and range of techniques on coaching outcomes, suggesting that this relationship is the key factor in determining how clients perceive the outcome of coaching.
- Published
- 2013
39. Opportunities and considerations for visualising neuroimaging data on very large displays [version 1; referees: 2 approved]
- Author
-
Matthew B. Wall, David Birch, and May Y. Yong
- Subjects
lcsh:R ,lcsh:Medicine ,Neuroimaging ,lcsh:Q ,lcsh:Science - Abstract
Neuroimaging experiments can generate impressive volumes of data and many images of the results. This is particularly true of multi-modal imaging studies that use more than one imaging technique, or when imaging is combined with other assessments. A challenge for these studies is appropriate visualisation of results in order to drive insights and guide accurate interpretations. Next-generation visualisation technology therefore has much to offer the neuroimaging community. One example is the Imperial College London Data Observatory; a high-resolution (132 megapixel) arrangement of 64 monitors, arranged in a 313 degree arc, with a 6 metre diameter, powered by 32 rendering nodes. This system has the potential for high-resolution, large-scale display of disparate data types in a space designed to promote collaborative discussion by multiple researchers and/or clinicians. Opportunities for the use of the Data Observatory are discussed, with particular reference to applications in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) research and clinical practice. Technical issues and current work designed to optimise the use of the Data Observatory for neuroimaging are also discussed, as well as possible future research that could be enabled by the use of the system in combination with eye-tracking technology.
- Published
- 2016
40. Visual Acuity Loss and Associated Risk Factors in the Retrospective Progression of Stargardt Disease Study (ProgStar Report No. 2)
- Author
-
Xiangrong Kong, Rupert W. Strauss, Michel Michaelides, Artur V. Cideciyan, José-Alain Sahel, Beatriz Muñoz, Sheila West, Hendrik P.N. Scholl, Yulia Wolfson, Millena Bittencourt, Syed Mahmood Shah, Mohammed Ahmed, Etienne Schonbach, Kaoru Fujinami, Elias Traboulsi, Justis Ehlers, Meghan Marino, Susan Crowe, Rachael Briggs, Angela Borer, Anne Pinter, Tami Fecko, Nikki Brugnoni, Janet S. Sunness, Carol Applegate, Leslie Russell, Anthony Moore, Andrew Webster, Sophie Connor, Victoria McCudden, Maria Pefkianaki, Jonathan Aboshiha, Gerald Liew, Graham Holder, Anthony Robson, Alexa King, Daniela Ivanova Cajas Narvaez, Katy Barnard, Catherine Grigg, Hannah Dunbar, Yetunde Obadeyi, Karine Girard-Claudon, Hilary Swann, Avani Rughani, Charles Amoah, Dominic Carrington, Kanom Bibi, Emerson Ting Co, Andrew Carter, Anne Georgiou, Selma Lewis, Saddaf Shaheen, Harpreet Shinmar, Linda Burton, Paul Bernstein, Kimberley Wegner, Briana Lauren Sawyer, Bonnie Carlstrom, Kellian Farnsworth, Cyrie Fry, Melissa Chandler, Glen Jenkins, Donnel Creel, David Birch, Yi-Zhong Wang, Luis Rodriguez, Kirsten Locke, Martin Klein, Paulina Mejia, Samuel G. Jacobson, Sharon B. Schwartz, Rodrigo Matsui, Michaela Gruzensky, Alejandro J. Roman, Eberhart Zrenner, Fadi Nasser, Gesa Astrid Hahn, Barbara Wilhelm, Tobias Peters, Benjamin Beier, Tilman Koenig, Susanne Kramer, Saddek Mohand-Said, Isabelle Audo, Caroline Laurent-Coriat, Ieva Sliesoraityte, Christina Zeitz, Fiona Boyard, Minh Ha Tran, Mathias Chapon, Céline Chaumette, Juliette Amaudruz, Victoria Ganem, Serge Sancho, Aurore Girmens, Robert Wojciechowski, Shazia Khan, David G. Emmert, Dennis Cain, Mark Herring, Jennifer Bassinger, Lisa Liberto, Ann-Margret Ervin, Beatriz Munoz, Kurt Dreger, Jennifer Jones, Srinivas Sadda, Anamika Jha, Alex Ho, Brendan Kramer, Amirhossein Hariri, Gloria Rebecca Blanquel, Ngoc Lam, Sean Pitetta, Yue Shi, Rita Tawdros, Christine Petrossian, Dennis Jenkins, Muneeswar Gupta, Yong Dong Zhou, Katherine Aguilar, Cynthia Chan, Lisa Santos, Brian Seo, Christopher Sison, Silvia Perez, Stephanie Chao, Kelly Miyasato, Julia Higgins, Zoila Luna, Anita Menchaca, Norma Gonzalez, Vicky Robledo, Karen Carig, Kirstie Baker, David Ellenbogen, James Russell, Daniel Bluemel, Alex Moreno, Royal Pham, Theo Sanford, Daisy Linares, and Mei Tran
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Adult ,Male ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Visual acuity ,Adolescent ,Cross-sectional study ,Vision Disorders ,Visual Acuity ,03 medical and health sciences ,Macular Degeneration ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,medicine ,Humans ,Stargardt Disease ,Age of Onset ,Prospective cohort study ,Child ,Generalized estimating equation ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,business.industry ,Retrospective cohort study ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,United States ,Stargardt disease ,Europe ,Ophthalmology ,030104 developmental biology ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,030221 ophthalmology & optometry ,Physical therapy ,Disease Progression ,Linear Models ,Age of onset ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Cohort study - Abstract
To examine the association between characteristics of Stargardt disease and visual acuity (VA), to estimate the longitudinal rate of VA loss, and to identify risk factors for VA loss.Retrospective, multicenter cohort study.A total of 176 patients (332 eyes) with molecularly and clinically confirmed Stargardt disease enrolled from the United States and Europe.Standardized data report forms were used to collect retrospective data on participants' characteristics and best-corrected or presenting VA from medical charts. Linear models with generalized estimating equations were used to estimate the cross-sectional associations, and linear mixed effects models were used to estimate the longitudinal VA loss.Yearly change in VA.The median duration of observation was 3.6 years. At baseline, older age of symptom onset was associated with better VA, and a longer duration of symptoms was associated with worse VA. Longitudinal analysis estimated an average of 0.3 lines loss (P0.0001) per year overall, but the rate varied according to baseline VA: (1) eyes with baseline VA ≥20/25 (N = 53) declined at a rate of approximately 1.0 line per year; (2) eyes with VA between 20/25 and 20/70 (N = 65) declined at a rate of approximately 0.9 lines per year; (3) eyes with VA between 20/70 and 20/200 (N = 163) declined at a rate of 0.2 lines per year; and (4) eyes with VA worse than 20/200 (n = 49) improved at a rate of 0.5 lines per year. Older age of onset was associated with slower VA loss: Patients with onset age30 years showed 0.4 lines slower change of VA per year (P = 0.01) compared with patients with onset age ≤14 years.Given the overall slow rate of VA loss, VA is unlikely to be a sensitive outcome measure for treatment trials of Stargardt disease. However, given the faster decline in younger patients and those with no or mild visual impairment, VA may be a potential outcome measure for trials targeting such subgroups of patients. These observations will need to be assessed in a prospective study bearing in mind the inherent limitations of retrospective datasets.
- Published
- 2016
41. The value of C-reactive protein in elucidating postoperative complications and anastomotic leaks in colorectal cancer patients undergoing elective resection
- Author
-
Hannah Maple, Olatokunbo Oke, David Birch, Paolo Sorelli, Wenona Barnieh, and Michelle J. Wilkinson
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,biology ,Colorectal cancer ,business.industry ,General surgery ,C-reactive protein ,General Medicine ,Elective resection ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,Oncology ,Anastomotic leaks ,medicine ,biology.protein ,business ,Value (mathematics) - Published
- 2017
42. The dynamics of the stream of behavior
- Author
-
David Birch
- Subjects
Theoretical computer science ,Series (mathematics) ,Conceptualization ,Test data generation ,Process (engineering) ,business.industry ,Applied Mathematics ,Transition (fiction) ,Data set ,Action (philosophy) ,Dynamics (music) ,Artificial intelligence ,Psychology ,business ,General Psychology - Abstract
Motivational psychology and ethology conceive of behavior as a continuous stream of activities, a conceptualization that is taken up formally in the present paper. Modeling the stream of behavior, unlike modeling an individual activity selected out of the stream, requires processes of data generation that govern the repeated overt appearances of activities through time. To this end the motivation theory of the dynamics of action, with its self-contained data generating process, is employed as a mathematical framework. The resulting theory, modeled as a continuous succession of mutually exclusive and exhaustive activities driven by the countdown of activation times, yields expectations for the relative frequencies of transitions and the distributions of transition times in a stream segment. Results supporting the theory were obtained in a series of critical tests using a unique data set provided by the artist Morgan O’Hara who has made extensive recordings of her stream of behavior.
- Published
- 2009
43. Ten principles of corporate citizenship
- Author
-
David Birch
- Subjects
Value (ethics) ,Basic premise ,business.industry ,Corporate governance ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Public relations ,General Business, Management and Accounting ,Originality ,Corporate social responsibility ,Sociology ,Organizational theory ,Corporate communication ,business ,Citizenship ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) ,media_common - Abstract
PurposeThis paper aims to reflect briefly on some of the major principles that have emerged from the developing policies, practices and debates about corporate citizenship in the last ten years or so.Design/methodology/approachConsiderable scholarly work has been conducted on corporate citizenship in the past, and will continue to be done in the future. This paper is deliberately written for a non‐scholarly audience.FindingsTen principles are outlined, all of them focusing on developing a cultural aspect of corporate citizenship as good business.Originality/valueThe basic premise of this paper is that significant cultural change, through corporate citizenship will only take place by business implementing policies, and practices based on the sort of sound (but basic) principles presented here. These ten principles, in this format, are original to this paper.
- Published
- 2008
44. Working and Fighting for Progress, for Prosperity, for Society
- Author
-
David Birch
- Subjects
media_common.quotation_subject ,Political science ,Development economics ,Prosperity ,media_common - Published
- 2008
45. ‘Working and Fighting for Progress, for Prosperity, for Society’ Brave New Business Worlds before and beyond Corporate Citizenship
- Author
-
David Birch
- Published
- 2015
46. Measurement Science and Technology at 2015
- Author
-
David Birch
- Subjects
Applied Mathematics ,Instrumentation ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,QC - Published
- 2015
47. Sharing water: engineering the Indus Water Treaty
- Author
-
Iftikhar Drabu, Aslam Rasheed, and David Birch
- Subjects
business.industry ,Hydraulic engineering ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Indus ,Water supply ,International trade ,International law ,Independence ,Negotiation ,Geography ,State (polity) ,Environmental protection ,Treaty ,business ,Civil and Structural Engineering ,media_common - Abstract
When Pakistan and India achieved independence in 1947, their boundaries and the disputed state of Kashmir lay directly across the vast and vital Indus river basin. This quickly led to a still-simmering row over territorial rights and a similarly entrenched but more resolved conflict on water rights. During ten years of negotiations, which involved engineers rather than politicians and using the World Bank as mediator, the two countries finally concluded the Indus Water Treaty in 1960. This paper describes how the treaty was arrived at, its provisions for separate management and water sharing, the many, often massive, control schemes that have been built or attempted since and the lessons learned for future cross-border water disputes.
- Published
- 2006
48. High-resolution millimeter-wave radar systems for visualization of unstructured outdoor environments
- Author
-
Graham Brooker, Hugh Durrant-Whyte, David Birch, C. Lobsey, Mark Bishop, and Ross Hennessey
- Subjects
Computer science ,Fire-control radar ,Radar lock-on ,Computer Science Applications ,law.invention ,Continuous-wave radar ,Bistatic radar ,Radar engineering details ,Control and Systems Engineering ,law ,Radar imaging ,3D radar ,Radar ,Remote sensing - Abstract
This paper examines the use of millimeter-wave radar systems for visualization and navigation in unstructured outdoor environments. Three types of radar systems are described. The first is a long range, 94 GHz, frequency modulated interrupted continuous wave radar which is capable of producing two-dimensional (2D) reflectivity images to a range of more than 3 km. This is intended for use in long-range path planning. The second is a class of medium range 77 GHz frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar with two axis mirror scanners which is capable of producing high resolution threedimensional (3D) imagery out to 500 m at a reasonably slow frame rate. The final class also operates using the FMCW principle, but at 94 GHz, to produce high resolution 2D and 3D images out to about 50 m at a much higher update rate. These shorter range sensors may be used to determine the traversability of the local terrain. The outputs produced by the different classes of radar are examined and the paper considers their advantages when compared to other sensors such as vision and scanning laser. Using radar images, the final section compiles rules for interpreting radar reflectivity images from a path-planning perspective. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
- Published
- 2006
49. Tip Vortex Behind a Wing Undergoing Deep-Stall Oscillation
- Author
-
David Birch and Tim Lee
- Subjects
Physics ,Boundary layer ,Lift coefficient ,Classical mechanics ,Lift-induced drag ,Condensed matter physics ,Computer Science::Sound ,Drag ,Aerospace Engineering ,Stall (fluid mechanics) ,Wake ,Vorticity ,Vortex - Abstract
The flow structure of a tip vortex in the near field of a NACA 0015 wing with an effective aspect ratio of 5.04 undergoing a deep-stall oscillation with a(t) = 18 deg + 6 deg sin ωt at Re = 1.86 × 10 5 was investigated. The wing oscillation imposed a strong discrepancy in contour shapes and magnitudes between the pitch-up and pitch-down phases of the oscillation cycle. The vortex was more organized and nearly axisymmetric for x/c > 0.5 during pitch-up than during pitch-down. The peak tangential velocity and vorticity and the strength and size of the vortex increased with a(t), except in the vicinity of α max , and had higher values during pitch-up than during pitch-down. The axial flow was always wake like and the velocity deficit decreased with α(t), while exhibiting a sharp increase and decrease on the upstroke and downstroke in the vicinity of α max , respectively. The tangential velocity decreased slightly with the downstream distance. The vortex size increased rather significantly with x/c during pitch-down while remaining virtually unchanged during pitch-up. The inner region of the vortex exhibited a self-similar structure, similar to that of a stationary wing. The induced drag increased with a(t) and had a local maximum at 20 deg during pitch-up.
- Published
- 2005
50. Tip Vortex Behind a Wing Oscillated with Small Amplitude
- Author
-
Tim Lee and David Birch
- Subjects
Reduced frequency ,Physics ,animal structures ,Lift-induced drag ,business.industry ,Aerospace Engineering ,Mechanics ,Starting vortex ,Vorticity ,Vortex ring ,Vortex ,Optics ,Horseshoe vortex ,Wingtip vortices ,business - Abstract
The effect of reduced frequency on the tip vortex in the near field behind a NACA 0015 wing oscillated sinusoidally within the static-stall angle (= 14 deg) was investigated at Re = 1.86 × × 10 5 . The nearly symmetric vortex was observed at 0.5 to 1.5 chords downstream of the trailing edge similar to the case of a stationary wing. The oscillating wing produced a less concentrated vortex of similar diameter and had a larger radial gradient in circulation strength, compared to that of a stationary wing, for reduced frequency less than about 0.1. The axial-flow velocity was always wake-like, with its minimum value increasing with the reduced frequency. The peak value of the vorticity and the vortex strength and the lift-induced drag were higher during pitch-down than during pitch-up. The normalized circulation in the inner part of the axisymmetric vortex also exhibited a self-similar structure, which was insensitive to the reduced frequency. The induced drag increased with the reduced frequency.
- Published
- 2005
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