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Eenvoudiger, sneller en goedkoper de luchtdichtheid en de luchtvolumestroom van woningen meten. ACIN instrumenten heeft hiervoor apparatuur ontwikkeld. Ook brengt het bedrijf de Ultragraphyx-methode op de markt. Daarmee kunnen met behulp van geluidsgolven al in de ruwbouwfase luchtlekken worden opgespoord.

Door TNO is in het kader van het ‘Brains4corona’ programma onderzocht welke rol ventilatie in gebouwen speelt in relatie tot de verspreiding van het SARS-CoV-2 virus. Dit is onderzocht op basis van literatuur en berekeningen met de Wells-Riley vergelijking van een aantal in de literatuur beschreven cases en varianten van kantoorruimten. In deze studie ligt de focus op kantoren. Hoewel er geen direct klinisch bewijs is dat op een afstand groter dan 1,5 m SARSCoV-2 besmetting via de lucht plaatsvindt, komt er een toenemend aantal wetenschappelijke artikelen beschikbaar die dit besmettingsmechanisme aannemelijk maken. Dit besmettingsmechanisme via de lucht over een afstand groter dan 1,5 m wordt onder andere geïllustreerd in een aantal gepubliceerde case studies. Deze case studies beschrijven besloten, slecht geventileerde ruimten met daarin meerdere personen waarbij aantoonbaar besmettingen zijn opgetreden over een afstand die substantieel groter is dan 1,5 meter. Het Duitse Robert Koch Institut en het European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) komen tot een vergelijkbare conclusie.

Maandag is de eerste steen van een serie NeroZerowoningen onthuld door wethouders Annette Groot en Monique Stam – de Nijs van Heerhugowaard. Achter de gevel van de nieuwe woningen gaan straks innovatieve technieken en oplossingen schuil die zorgen voor een comfortabele, energiezuinige en aardgasloze woning met een gezond binnenklimaat. Het is een uniek project waarin onderzoekers met bewoners zullen gaan samenwerken aan de energietransitie. De bewoners zullen gebruiksdata en ervaringen delen waarmee onderzoekers van TNO de energieprestaties van toekomstige gebouwen beter kunnen voorspellen.

Binnenluchtkwaliteit is nog een zwakke schakel in de realisatie van energie-efficiënte woningen. Veelal wordt bij nieuwbouw en renovatie volstaan met de Bouwbesluit minimum ventilatie eis van 75 m3/uur afvoer voor een keuken. Op basis van metingen en simulaties wordt een afzuigkap met minimaal 83 dm3/s (300 m3/uur) aanbevolen. Dergelijke debieten vereisen voldoende ruime afvoerkanalen die reeds in het ontwerp dienen te worden geïntegreerd. Dit artikel laat zien hoe kookafzuiging is gecombineerd met een balansventilatiesysteem in de NeroZero woning. Dit resulteerde in een zeer geluidarm systeem, 23 dB tijdens het koken.

Traditionally ventilation systems in the Netherlands are installed in new or retrofitted buildings by an installation fitter under the responsibility of a contractor. In some cases but certainly not all cases, it is checked by a consultant if the ventilation system performs according to the design. Studies in the Netherlands show that ventilation systems of dwellings often don’t meet the designated Standards. Deviations are found in airflow rates, noise from the ventilation system and malfunctioning due to lacking air tightness of the building envelope. Other European countries are struggling with similar quality issues. In offices and apartment buildings there are several initiatives to improve the performance of ventilation systems. For example by the use of Energy Performance Contracts. In these projects there is an increased attention for quality control in the installation and operational phases. Since a couple of years there are initiatives with performance contracts also in dwellings. An example is the energy efficient retrofitting of dwellings repaid via the energy bill in “Stroomversnelling”. As a result of this driver of performance contracting, several initiatives have sprung up to support quality control of ventilation systems in dwellings, through new test instruments, ICT solutions and training. In the SecureVent project easy to handle methods for installation fitters are being developed to check the performance of a ventilation system regarding air flow distribution, noise and airtightness with good accuracy. Instruments which will soon be on the market are presented. Within the Energy leap “Stroomversnelling” program an API (Application Programming Interface) has been developed allowing standardized communication between on the one hand an external database and on the other hand sensors and installation in a dwelling. This allows an easy check on performance of the Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) and Energy use, both for housing corporations and occupants. In the Horizon2020 Sphere project this kind of interfaces will be used to build a digital representation (Digital Twin) of a dwelling based on monitoring data. It will be used to check the performance on IEQ and Energy use during the lifespan of a dwelling. It is important that the craftsmen installing the ventilation system have ample knowledge and skills to check its performance during construction and commissioning. To this end, in the Newcom project a European training program is being developed to help the craftsmen involved to acquire the required skills to obtain better performing ventilation systems.

Longfonds, Philips, Royal Haskoning DHV en ABN Amro, willen de komende jaren samen werken aan meer bewustzijn voor het belang van een goed binnenmilieu. Ze willen er aan bijdragen dat steeds meer Nederlanders bekend zijn met welke maatregelen zijzelf kunnen nemen en of hoe zij hun gedrag kunnen aanpassen om thuis, op school of het werk de binnenlucht gezonder te maken. In het kader hiervan is TNO gevraagd om een literatuuronderzoek uit te voeren naar de kwaliteit van de binnenlucht in Nederlandse woningen en welke korte- en langetermijneffecten deze heeft op onze gezondheid (slaap, ziekte, productiviteit) en mogelijke maatregelen ter verbetering. Voor dit literatuuronderzoek is van het leading peer reviewed Engelstalige tijdschrift Indoor Air van de afgelopen twee jaar vrijwel 100% van de relevante artikelen in beschouwing genomen. Van de digitaal beschikbare peer reviewed literatuur (vanaf 2000) hebben zijn de belangrijkste beschouwd. Daarnaast bestaan er ook talloze conferentiebijdragen en rapporten. Ook is er nog veel niet Engelse literatuur, met name Fins, Chinees en Deens. Deze zijn niet beschouwd.

Cooking can be a major source of exposure to moisture, odours, particulate matter and contaminants resulting from cooking. Local exhaust can be used to capture these contaminants before they spread in the kitchen and living room space. For wall mounted range hoods several test methods have been set up. However for induction cooktops with integrated downdraft, which are becoming more and more popular, no test method exist. In this study we set up a test setup to determine the capture efficiency of these devices. This was done by measuring a number of downdraft units with different geometries. Further several pan positions, geometries and dry and boiling conditions have been tested. Results show that in case the exhaust is at cooktop level flow rates in excess of 425 m3/hour are required in order to capture boiling water fumes for more than 90%. Based on the physical measurements a CFD model will be set up. Both the measurements and CFD model simulations will be used to set up a future test method.

In de NeroZero meet- en demonstratiewoning in Heerhugowaard zijn technieken en oplossingen die zorgen voor een gezonde, comfortabele, energiezuinige en aardgasloze woning samengebracht. Geen huis van de toekomst, maar een woning die vandaag de dag gebouwd kan worden.

There is established evidence linking exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2 5) to adverse health effects. As people spend the majority of their time indoors, and with the trend towards increasing building air tightness, exposure to PM2 5 indoors is expected to increase, without additionalpurpose provided ventilation. Cooking has been identified as a key indoor source of PM2 5. Complete source removal is not feasible for cooking, as it is an activity that takes place in most homes, however, the use of cooker hoods which remove emitted pollutants at source can reduce indoor concentrations

Het innovatieprogramma Energiesprong is eind 2016 beëindigd en opgevolgd door de Stroomversnelling, een initiatief van bouwers en woningcorporaties om Nom-renovaties op gang te brengen. Met het afronden van de Energiesprong is de tijd gekomen om in de volle breedte de stand op te maken van wat we vanuit de woningmonitoring hebben geleerd van de Energiesprong-projecten. Gedurende een aantal jaar zijn de totstandkoming en resulta-ten — en in een enkel geval het uitblijven daarvan — van ruim twintig projecten op de voet gevolgd. Dit heeft een goed beeld gegeven van wat er goed gaat, wat er beter kan en wat veelbelovend is qua proces, techniek en resultaat voor bewoners en milieu.

Especially in airtight low energy dwellings exhaust systems are of utmost importance as cooking can be a major source of PM2.5 exposure. Dwellings should be designed including facilities enabling extraction of at least 83 dm3/s (300 m3/h) directly to outside. Residents should be able to select an effective hood

Recirculation hoods equipped with carbon and plasma filters are becoming more and more popular. The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of recirculation hoods with regard to PM2 5 and NOx removal in a 26 m3 lab kitchen with a gas furnace. With the carbon filter PM2 5 is reduced for about 30%. A fresh carbon filter removed about 60% of the NO2, dropping within a few weeks of cooking to 20%. With the plasma hood NO2concentrations were above the WHO 1-hour limit and the Dutch health council 15 minutes limit.For plasma hoods it is recommended to optimize odor and particulate matter reduction while minimizing the ozone production. As recirculation hoods have favorable propertjes in terms of applicability and energy conservation it is recommended to add a particulate filter to recirculation hoods and to apply them preferably in combination with electrical cooking

Fijnstof met een deeltjesgrootte tot en met 2,5 µm (PM2,5) veroorzaakt met afstand de grootste gezondheidslast in vergelijking met andere binnenmilieufactoren. TNO toont aan dat pieken aan fijnstofconcentratie rond het koken in huis verantwoordelijk zijn voor circa 30% van de totale blootstelling aan fijnstof, inclusief de blootstelling die in het verkeer wordt opgelopen. Dit vraagt om aandacht. Om de blootstelling aan fijnstof tijdens het koken inzichtelijk te maken, zijn laboratoriummetingen en modelonderzoek uitgevoerd, in combinatie met de energetische consequenties van de mogelijke maatregelen tot reductie van fijnstofconcentraties. Doel van dit artikel is om de effecten van kookafzuiging en spuiventilatie te laten zien, zowel ten aanzien van luchtkwaliteit, energie als thermisch comfort.

The AIVC Technical note 68 "Residential Ventilation and Health" summarises studies that prioritise pollutants in the indoor environment and presents a summary of pollutants driving the indoor health risks and their sources. It also describes methods to reduce exposures of contaminants using different control strategies with a special emphasis on the role of ventilation.

In dit document delen we de monitoringsresultaten

Laboratory tests with heating olive oil in kitchens suggest that the current building regulation in the Netherlands for kitchen exhaust is inadequate to directly address cooking fumes. Due to building traditions, for motor less cooker hoods often only 50% of the available capacity of the mechanical ventilation system is extracted via the hood. In the experiments a peak PM1 concentration of 826 and a hourly average concentration of 327 μg/m3 was measured. These concentrations are far higher than the average ambient value of PM2,5 which is 15 μg/m3 for the Netherlands. It is advised to provide information to building parties for the optimal design of kitchen exhaust systems and to conduct field measurements to verify the laboratory findings in real practice. These field measurements can be used as input for revision of building regulations with regard to kitchen exhaust.

Bouwers die kiezen voor ambities als Nul op de Meter

Cooking emissions have long been seen as an odour problem. However recent studies showed that Particulate Matter (PM) is the main health risk of indoor air and cooking can be a major source. A small field study within 9 Dutch dwellings indicates that depending on the conditions cooking can have a relatively large effect on the indoor exposure to PM2.5. Four determining variables have been identified. First the cooking method: lids on or off, cooking on gas or induction and the type of food has a large effect. In general meat frying seems to generate significant PM. Second the type of range hood and the exhaust flowrate. Based on this limited study the best are motorized hoods with a high exhaust flow, followed by recirculation hoods, motorless hoods with a high exhaust flow and lastly motorless hoods just complying with the Building Standard. The third parameter is the amount of ventilation compared to the volume of the kitchen / livingroom in relation to the exhaust flowrate. In some of the larger rooms the exposure was quite high even though the peak concentration wass not, due to the fact that it took several hours to reduce the concentration to acceptable levels. The fourth parameter is the infiltration of ambient PM2,5 by the ventilation system.

People spend more than 80% of their time indoors. In contrast to ambient air, no (legal) limits for indoor particulate matter exist, although there are WHO guidelines. In the Netherlands a measurement protocol to determine the PM2.5 in office buildings has been developed including 5 quality classes. However at the moment no simple guidelines or models are available which can support the design and in-use phases to predict the PM2.5 concentration in office buildings and schools. This paper describes the results of a mass balance model which predicts the effect of building and installation design parameters on PM2.5 concentration. Three experimental case studies are used to fit the parameters in the model and to validate the model. For Dutch buildings both air tightness in combination with the ventilation flow as the filter quality prove to be critical factors. In the US, due to high recirculation rates, increasing the ventilation flow or reducing the infiltration flow has only a minor effect. There it is more effective to increase the filter quality. The results of our model further indicate that it is well possible for modern offices equipped with F7 filters to be below the WHO air quality guideline for annual mean PM2.5 of less than 10 μg/m3. It would be interesting to further validate the model with regard to deposition losses in offices and to include PM10 in the model for schools.

Bouwers die kiezen voor energiezuinig en Nul op de Meter staan voor een aantal uitdagingen. Zowel op sociaal, economisch en technisch gebied is er werk aan de winkel. Er wordt al gepionierd en daar kunnen we van leren. Daarom delen wij, TNO, RIGO, Van Beek en Energiesprong | Platform 31, met plezier de lessen die we hebben getrokken uit de monitoring van een aantal energiezuinige renovatie- en nieuwbouwprojecten. In dit document draait het om de bewoner, een niet te onderschatten aspect dat komt kijken bij (ver)nieuwbouw. Hoe tevreden zijn bewoners met de renovatie en welke aspecten spelen daarbij een rol? We beginnen met de belangrijkste lessen en tips. Verderop in het document zoeken we de verdieping op. Behalve het inzichtelijk maken van onderzoeksresultaten, geven we ook tips. Dit kunnen zowel aanbevelingen voor bouwers als voor opdrachtgevers zijn. Dit document maakt deel uit van een serie van drie documenten, de andere documenten zijn gericht op prestatiegarantie en concepten.

Bouwers die kiezen voor energiezuinig en Nul op de Meter staan voor een aantal uitdagingen. Zowel op sociaal, economisch en technisch gebied is er werk aan de winkel. Er wordt al gepionierd en daar kunnen we van leren. Daarom delen wij, TNO, RIGO, Van Beek, Energiesprong | Platform 31, met plezier de lessen die we hebben getrokken uit het monitoren van een aantal energiezuinige renovatie- en nieuwbouwprojecten. In dit document gaan we in op de resultaten uit het monitoren van Nul op de Meter en 80% energiereductie-concepten We laten eerst de belangrijkste resultaten en lessen zien. Verderop in het document zoeken we de verdieping op. Behalve het inzichtelijk maken van onderzoeksresultaten, geven we ook tips. Dit document maakt deel uit van een serie van drie, de andere documenten zijn gericht op prestatiegarantie en bewonerstevredenheid.

A model based indoor climate control concept is developed which improves the indoor comfort while saving energy. The controller developed within the EU-FP7 HERB project will automatically quantify key parameters describing the thermal balance of the building using a limited number of sensors and an adaptive statistical model. Aiming at large scale integration, a combination of advanced control concepts with state of the art low cost hardware will be used. Various control concepts will be developed, implemented, tested and validated in renovation dwellings in different European climate regions. More precisely, this paper starts by presenting the desired “holistic” control concept, followed by a study of a first control concept employing Genetic Algorithms with hardware implementation considerations

Voor een integrale benadering van een duurzame gevel is het noodzakelijk modellen te ontwikkelen en enkele gevelconcepten te stimuleren om de eigenschappen daarvan nader te onderbouwen. De modellering is slechts een beperkte eerste opzet, maar kan uitstekend als voor beeld dienen voor de aanpak met modulaire simulatiemodules. De vele parameters die op de modellen van invloed zijn passeren de revue.

De resultaten van de modelvorming en de simulatie laten zien dat multi-functionele concepten mogelijkheden tot integratie van duurzame energieapplicaties bieden. Naast opwekking van elektriciteit is het mogelijk warmte op te slaan. PV-lamellenzonwering blijkt een positief energetisch effect op het gevraagde vermogen voor verwarming en koeling te hebben. De opgewekte elektriciteit kan ongeveer de vraag naar koeling in dekken.

In verband met de drempels om duurzame energie direct in gebouwontwerpen te integreren wordt die vaak achteraf toegevoegd. Dit is verre van optimaal en efficient, waardoor investeringen onnodig hoger worden. De oplossing Iijkt eenvoudig: houd bij het ontwerpen van een gebouw direct rekening met de toepassing van duurzame energie.Vanaf het allereerste beginstadium moet hierover worden nagedacht.

Within the present context of the Dutch Sustainable Building Practice it is hard for the different involved building design disciplines to give a good answer to sustainability. Especially this is the case for the application solar energy either in passive or active form. As traditional methods did not work out adequately a new approach within the building industry is proposed: Integral Design, a "thinking in levels" approach based on the use Morphological charts. Since year 2001 'integral approach' has been propagated within Dutch building design practice, through continuously developing 'learning by doing' workshops by the Royal Institute of Dutch Architects (BNA) and Technische Universiteit Eindhoven. The workshops renewable energy for multidisciplinary professional design-teams gave some interesting and valuable recommendations and conclusions. Some designs will be presented in the final paper. The workshops became part of the permanent professional educational program for BNA since 2006, in which some 200 professionals already participated. This research was part of the Knowledge Centre Building & Systems (KCBS), in which Eindhoven University of Technology and TNO Environment and Geosciences cooperate. The use of solar energy was stimulated by an Integral design approach for architects which is being tought in workshops for professionals. This lead to more generated possible solutions in the conceptual phase of the design process, thus increasing the application of solar energy. Copyright © (2009) by the International Solar Energy Society.

The application of photo-voltaic elements is the most economical on the roof. Still this often leads to severe problems due to poor coordination of all the design and practical aspects involved. This paper describes the research methodology, based on Methodical Design, as used in a design approach related to practice and the 6th European framework research project EURACTIVE ROOF-er. This research was part of the Knowledge Centre Building & Systems (KCBS), in which Eindhoven University of Technology and TNO Environment and Geosciences cooperate. The research methodology - as quasi-experimental design - uses the structuring method of Methodical Design to investigate how this specific design method and associated design tools can support the collaboration between designers and roofers when designing PV- roof applications. Based on the found and verified functionalities / needs for each abstraction lever an overview of the most successful support tools and scenario's can be generated as part of the developed methodology. More insight is generated in the necessary knowledge exchange between architect and roofers. Requirements for the design support tools become clear and can be modified stepwise. Final results of the research methodology is insight into the needed knowledge / skills of architects and roofers in designing Active Roofs, as part of the total building design. Copyright © (2009) by the International Solar Energy Society.

Traditionally, the installation of accessories on roofs is the domain of roofers, having the traditional knowledge and experience of successful mounting and integrating existing roof products in both new and renovated roofs. In the current roofing situation, many new products are added to the building design and building process. As a result many problems occurred, resulting in poor quality, unsafe working conditions and high repair costs. Today there is a need from the roofers for a more active role not only in the constructing process, but also in the design process; Collaborative Engineering. The active role for the roofer is therefore related to the several aspects of the context in which the roofer has to participate. The result should lead to innovative roofs, roofs that are producing sustainable energy and are active in the interaction with the thermal environment. First experiments to find a format for supporting Design Collaboration, started in 2004 with workshops for design- teams including participants with the same educational background. In 2005, a first set up was done for design teams with participants with different educational backgrounds. These workshops are coupling a concrete task from practice and research focusing on the roofs where there is a lack of innovative designs, caused by a sub-optimal interaction between solutions and application in design practice. The process where actors from different disciplines work together to develop a (new) product is called Collaborative Engineering (CE). Workshops are used to offer a collaborative context to professionals and to determine in steps an adaptive method to analyse and improve the design collaboration related to knowledge exchange. The project, as part of the European 6th framework research EURACTIVE ROOFer, resulted in a series of workshops for architects and roofers to develop active roofs for integral sustainable comfort (HVAC)- system design, engineering and installation. The workshops gave first insights into the knowledge exchange and knowledge development between the participants. This paper describes the methodical backgrounds, the set-up of the EURACTIVE ROOFer-workshop and first results related to the knowledge management aspects.

The roof is the part of building which normally gets minimal attention during the early stages of the building design process. This neglect of focus to the roof is strange as the roof can be used for integration with the energy system of buildings. The roof is an interesting possibility for integrating it with sustainable energy systems. A gap exists between theoretical possible solutions and practical application in design practice. Offering design teams and product developers an appropriate methodology will results in decision support. Within the 6th framework, this Pan-European EURACTIVE ROOFer project aims at development of methodology for supporting new opportunities for increased quality of roofs and the possible contribution of the roof to sustainability. An integral design methodology supportive within the design process of active roofs is developed. This integral design methodology acts as a "bridge" between the architect, who designs architectural roof elements, and the roofer engineer, who engineers sustainable energy application into the roof. By using case studies knowledge-skill profiles are generated for the main design team-participants in the collaborative setting; architect and roofer. These competence profiles will be validated in case studies from practice, master classes and workshops.

De bouwsector is fors in beweging. Nieuwe zakelijkheid en gewijzigde verhoudingen in combinatie met een nieuwe manier van werken, klantgericht denken, innovatie en automatisering moeten er toe leiden, dat de bouwkosten met 20 tot 25 procent omlaag gaan, aldus de voorzitter van de Regieraad voor de bouwsector. Het ‘lerend vermogen’ van de bouw staat daarbij centraal. Bouwbedrijven staan hierbij voor een flinke uitdaging. Aandacht voor klanten, maatschappelijke acceptatie, een professionele interne bedrijfsvoering en last but not least de bedrijfsresultaten, dienen voortdurend met elkaar in balans te zijn. Om op de langere termijn succesvol te zijn en te blijven wordt het ‘lerend vermogen’ van organisaties steeds belangrijker. Ook binnen de architectenbranche zijn er forse discussies over veranderende positie, kennis en kunde van de architect in dit geheel.

Normally the roof is the part of building which gets minimal attention to use for integration with the comfort system of the building. This is striking, as the roof is an important possible building component for containing sustainable energy systems. The sustainable energy possible options are often only considered in a final stage of the design project, when there are almost no possibilities left. Within the 6th framework Pan-European EUR-ACTIVE ROOFer projects aims are development of methodology for supporting new opportunities for increased sustainability. A new integral design methodology to support a collaborative design approach is presented.

Integral design shows high promises to reduce failure costs and to improve design quality. In the ongoing workshop series, in which already over 200 professionals from the Royal Institute of Dutch Architects (BNA) and the Dutch Association of Consulting Engineers (ONRI) participated, integral design methodology in the domain of sustainable comfort systems is currently developed and evaluated. The application of sustainable energy in the built environment is stimulated through morphological approach that enhances creation of new solutions for sustainable concepts. The results of the ‘Integral Design Methodology’ workshop series were implemented in a Master thesis on school ventilation and presented in this paper.

Er tikt er een ecologische tijdbom. De opwarming van de aarde leidt tot rampzalige veranderingen in het klimaat. Als er op dit moment geen strenge maatregelen worden genomen tegen de opwarming van de aarde, is het proces over tien jaar niet meer omkeerbaar.

A wide variety of new products, such as photovoltaic (PV) systems and solar collectors, roof lights, ventilation devices, insulation and safety devices, is finding its way into the roofing industry. As a result many problems occurred, resulting in poor quality, unsafe working conditions and high repair costs. The 6th framework Pan- European EUR-ACTIVE ROOFer project aims to improve roof quality and reduce failure costs. Application of a new design methodology for active roofs makes development and innovation of systems and products easier. As a result new concepts for energy generating, active roofs will be developed. In the paper the design methodology will be described and the first results of the collaborative approach will be presented.

A wide variety of new products, such as photovoltaic (PV) systems and solar collectors, roof lights, ventilation devices, insulation and safety devices, is finding its way into the roofing industry. As a result many problems occurred, resulting in poor quality, unsafe working conditions and high repair costs. The 6th framework Pan- European EUR-ACTIVE ROOFer project aims to improve roof quality and reduce failure costs. Application of a new design methodology for active roofs makes development and innovation of systems and products easier. As a result new concepts for energy generating, active roofs will be developed. In the paper the design methodology will be described and the first results of the collaborative approach will be presented.

Integral design shows high promises to reduce failure costs and to improve design quality. In the ongoing workshop series, in which already over 200 professionals from the Royal Institute of Dutch Architects (BNA) and the Dutch Association of Consulting Engineers (ONRI) participated, integral design methodology in the domain of sustainable comfort systems is currently developed and evaluated. The application of sustainable energy in the built environment is stimulated through morphological approach that enhances creation of new solutions for sustainable concepts. The results of the last ‘Integral Design Methodology’ workshop series, based on observations of both professionals and students, are presented in this paper.

It is more and more necessary to look for new ways to generate more sustainable energy. Integral design shows promise to lead to new opportunities. The Royal Institute of Dutch Architects (BNA), the Dutch Society for Building Services (TVVL) and Delft University of Technology (TUD) started a project on Integral Design in 2000. This project was succeeded in 2005 by new research within the Knowledge Centre Building & Systems (KCBS), in which Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e) and TNO Bouw & Ondergrond cooperated. The ongoing workshop series, in which already over 200 professionals from BNA and the Dutch Association of Consulting Engineers (ONRI) participated, was used for development and evaluation of integral design methodology in the domain of sustainable comfort systems. In current building practice sustainable energy systems intended for roof application are treated like add-on components to the already completed conceptual building design. The 6th framework Pan- European EUR-ACTIVE ROOFer project aims at development of a methodology for supporting not only the architect but the whole design team in the early phase of the design process on integrating active roofs, as energy generating integrated building components.

Integral design shows high promises to reduce failure costs and to improve design quality. In the ongoing workshop series, in which already over 200 professionals from the Royal Institute of Dutch Architects (BNA) and the Dutch Association of Consulting Engineers (ONRI) participated, integral design methodology in the domain of sustainable comfort systems is currently developed and evaluated. The application of sustainable energy in the built environment is stimulated through morphological approach that enhances creation of new solutions for sustainable concepts. The results of the 'Integral Design Methodology' workshop series were implemented in a Master thesis on school ventilation and presented in this paper.

In 2000, the Royal Institute of Dutch Architects (BNA), the Dutch Society for Building Services (TVVL) and Delft University of Technology (TUD) started a research project on Integral Design, resulting in a series of workshops for architects and HVAC consultants. This project was succeeded by new research within the Knowledge Centre Building & Systems (KCBS), in which Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e) and TNO Environment and Geosciences cooperate. The ongoing workshop series, in which already over 200 professionals from BNA and the Dutch Association of Consulting Engineers (ONRI) participated, is used for development and evaluation of integral design methodology in the domain of sustainable comfort systems. Besides its added value for building design, this integral design methodology directly stimulates application of sustainable energy in the built environment. Er is behoefte aan verbetering van de samenwerking tussen de ontwerpende disciplines die gezamenlijk verantwoordelijk zijn voor de totstandkoming van gebouwontwerpen. Optimaal lijkt hierbij Integraal Ontwerpen, waarbij alle disciplines vanaf een zo vroeg mogelijk moment in het ontwerpproces met elkaar samenwerken en de totale levenscyclus in beschouwing wordt genomen. Door de betere samenwerking ontstaan kwalitatief beter doordachte en innovatieve ontwerpen die efficiënter in goede gebouwen kunnen worden omgezet. Hierbij ligt de focus meer op kwalitatief hoogwaardige oplossingen / oplossingsrichtingen creëren dan op het sec oplossen van problemen. Door deze gecombineerde aanpak wordt het mogelijk om de hoge faalkosten in de bouw te vermijden, die volgens verschillende onderzoeken 5-10 % van de totale omzet bedragen.