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Purpose: This study was to determine the mediator or moderator role of empowerment in the relationship between the head nurse’s transformational leadership and organizational commitment as perceived by staff nurses. Methods: Data was collected from 451 nurses in a tertiary hospital located in B city by means of structured questionnaires. Data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and hierarchial multiple regression using the SPSS program. Results: Empowerment showed mediating effects between the head nurse’s transformational leadership and organizational commitment as perceived by staff nurses. However, empowerment did not show moderating effects. Conclusion: Nurses’ perception of empowerment, the head nurse’s transformational leadership and organizational commitment have a strong relationship. This finding suggests the importance of empowering nurses to increase organizational commitment.

We report enhanced photorefractive sensitivity in Mn, Ce doped LiNbO3 at 514 nm and 633 nm under ultraviolet illumination at 365 nm. Without ultraviolet sensitization, the crystal showed very weak diffraction efficiency and self-erased behavior. The accumulation of charged states by ultraviolet light is observed even after the hologram is erased because of the asymmetric process of recording and reading. The concentrations of doped ions and the intensity ratio of ultraviolet and recording light are important factors to improve sensitivity in this material.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.