Search

The interest in tourism to increase economic benefits at any cost, has caused for years a negative impact on natural environments, cities and their anthropology. Numerous investigations have referred to the need to achieve a practical implementation of sustainability in tourism to mitigate these damages, and although there are models and methodologies in the literature that theoretically present how to achieve it, it is in the precepts of the Intelligent Tourism Destinations (ITD) where a greater approach and development of sustainability with an innovative approach is achieved. Cuban tourist destinations, especially Guardalavaca, located in the eastern part of the island, is an example of the relevance of this problem. The objective of this study is to achieve an approach to the existing scientific production on sustainability in tourism, with emphasis on the need for a real implementation, as well as the analysis of the precepts of the STD aligned to tourism sustainability. Finally, a diagnosis carried out in the year 2022 at the Guardalavaca Pole is presented, which evaluates the state of this construct in practice. The information was obtained through documentary review, bibliometric studies, a search was made in the Scopus Database, and tools such as Ednote X19, Microsoft Office Excel 2019, BibExcel and VosViewer were used for data processing. The results show that the need for practical implementation of tourism sustainability is explicit in the literature and that the DTI model offers an approach to sustainability that positively impacts its scope., El interés en el turismo por incrementar beneficios económicos a cualquier costo ha provocado por años un impacto negativo en ambientes naturales, en ciudades y su antropología. Numerosas investigaciones han referido la necesidad de lograr una implementación práctica de la sostenibilidad en el turismo para mitigar estos daños, y aunque existe en la literatura modelos y metodologías que presentan teóricamente cómo lograrlo, es en los preceptos de los Destinos Turísticos Inteligentes (DTI) donde se logra un mayor acercamiento y desarrollo de la sostenibilidad con un enfoque innovador. Los destinos turísticos cubanos, en especial el destino Guardalavaca ubicado en la zona oriental de la Isla, es una muestra de la pertinencia de esta problemática. El objetivo del estudio es lograr un acercamiento a la producción científica existente sobre la sostenibilidad en el turismo, con énfasis en la necesidad de una implementación real, así como el análisis de los preceptos de los DTI alineados a la sostenibilidad turística. Finalmente se presenta un diagnóstico realizado por García Rondón en el año 2022 al destino Guardalavaca, que evalúa el estado de este constructo en la práctica. La información se obtuvo mediante revisión documental, estudios bibliométricos, y se realizó una búsqueda en Base de Datos Scopus. Se emplearon además herramientas como Ednote X19, Microsoft Office Excel 2019, BibExcel y VosViewer para el procesamiento de datos. Los resultados muestran que en la literatura está explícita la necesidad de una implementación práctica de la sostenibilidad turística, y que el modelo DTI ofrece un enfoque para la sostenibilidad que impacta positivamente en su alcance.

The interest in tourism to increase economic benefits at any cost, has caused for years a negative impact on natural environments, cities and their anthropology. Numerous investigations have referred to the need to achieve a practical implementation of sustainability in tourism to mitigate these damages, and although there are models and methodologies in the literature that theoretically present how to achieve it, it is in the precepts of the Intelligent Tourism Destinations (ITD) where a greater approach and development of sustainability with an innovative approach is achieved. Cuban tourist destinations, especially Guardalavaca, located in the eastern part of the island, is an example of the relevance of this problem. The objective of this study is to achieve an approach to the existing scientific production on sustainability in tourism, with emphasis on the need for a real implementation, as well as the analysis of the precepts of the STD aligned to tourism sustainability. Finally, a diagnosis carried out in the year 2022 at the Guardalavaca Pole is presented, which evaluates the state of this construct in practice. The information was obtained through documentary review, bibliometric studies, a search was made in the Scopus Database, and tools such as Ednote X19, Microsoft Office Excel 2019, BibExcel and VosViewer were used for data processing. The results show that the need for practical implementation of tourism sustainability is explicit in the literature and that the DTI model offers an approach to sustainability that positively impacts its scope., El interés en el turismo por incrementar beneficios económicos a cualquier costo ha provocado por años un impacto negativo en ambientes naturales, en ciudades y su antropología. Numerosas investigaciones han referido la necesidad de lograr una implementación práctica de la sostenibilidad en el turismo para mitigar estos daños, y aunque existe en la literatura modelos y metodologías que presentan teóricamente cómo lograrlo, es en los preceptos de los Destinos Turísticos Inteligentes (DTI) donde se logra un mayor acercamiento y desarrollo de la sostenibilidad con un enfoque innovador. Los destinos turísticos cubanos, en especial el destino Guardalavaca ubicado en la zona oriental de la Isla, es una muestra de la pertinencia de esta problemática. El objetivo del estudio es lograr un acercamiento a la producción científica existente sobre la sostenibilidad en el turismo, con énfasis en la necesidad de una implementación real, así como el análisis de los preceptos de los DTI alineados a la sostenibilidad turística. Finalmente se presenta un diagnóstico realizado por García Rondón en el año 2022 al destino Guardalavaca, que evalúa el estado de este constructo en la práctica. La información se obtuvo mediante revisión documental, estudios bibliométricos, y se realizó una búsqueda en Base de Datos Scopus. Se emplearon además herramientas como Ednote X19, Microsoft Office Excel 2019, BibExcel y VosViewer para el procesamiento de datos. Los resultados muestran que en la literatura está explícita la necesidad de una implementación práctica de la sostenibilidad turística, y que el modelo DTI ofrece un enfoque para la sostenibilidad que impacta positivamente en su alcance.

In the publication, Narcis Bassols Gardella is misspelled as Narcis Bassols Bardella

Purpose This research finds out to what extent companies’ names are influenced by the place’s attributes versus the official branding policies of a place and, consequently, whether and how local companies “buy into” the place’s strategies put forth by official bodies. Design/methodology/approach This paper is both conceptual and empirical, as a mixed quantitative and interpretive approach is used. The companies’ names of a tourist industry (the tour and guiding companies) in three destinations are compared and pitched against the branding of these cities. The companies' names are classified into categories to ascertain whether they reflect (or diverge from) the official strategies. Finally, a conceptual model is developed to explain the findings: the strategic naming model (SNM). Findings Our main finding is that the overall business features of a place being stronger determinants to the naming strategies than tourist destination branding initiatives. The intrinsic features of a place seem thus to be “above” destination branding policies. The researched features account for different naming strategies, such as highly original names, flat names or non-strategic names. Research limitations/implications As the work is based on a convenience sample, it cannot claim strong representativity. The fact that each of the three data sets was processed by a different researcher might bring up personal biases. Practical implications This work is a call for a more intensive use of naming strategies to the companies’ advantages, as naming is found out to be strategy used to a very low degree. Thanks to this research, companies will understand the different naming possibilities and be able to apply them to their strategies by choosing names which express “uniqueness” or “belonging”. Practitioners will also be aware of whether they are communicating towards the industry or towards the market. Originality/value No works were found that empirically pursue our research goals. Therefore

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to widen the understanding of the shifts the tourism industry experienced as it went though the Covid-19 pandemic. To contribute to this question, an empirical comparison is made between the supply of guided tours and sights at an urban destination in the pre- and postpandemic eras, thus gauging the changes in the guiding tours industry after the pandemic. Design/methodology/approach By conducting a convenience data gathering and a double-level analysis (tours analysis and sights analysis) on the tours and attractions supply at an urban destination, underlying trends come to light, related to the changes in the postpandemic era. This empirical comparison (2019 vs 2022) allows the authors to assess what has and has not changed in the postpandemic context. Findings Guided tours and attractions supply are evolving in the researched destination, but at a slow pace. Therefore, we conclude that long-term processes in destinations prevail over short-term disruptions, no matter how strong these disturbances are. Practical implications The results are of interest to practitioners as they facilitate a better assessment of the impacts of a crisis and greater awareness of the evolution of attractions in urban tourism. While the “staple tours” in a destination are always there, practitioners should keep an eye on new spaces in the city which the sector is opening up and also new touring trends. Originality/value This study is one of the few to empirically compare a pre- and postpandemic situation, as far as city-guided tours are concerned. It helps practitioners and authorities in urban destinations to assess the new trends that have emerged in the postpandemic era, and offers a two-level tool for tour analysis that could be applied to any urban destination.

This article presents a narrative perspective review of the state-of-the-art of destination marketing and management. The past 15 years of developments, stretching from technological advances enabling methodological progress and new consumer behavior to climate, health, and financial crises, require a reassessment of previous academic contributions and current practices. Referring back to the social origins of destinations, this article conceptualizes destinations as a heterogeneous space of flows and proposes future research linked to tourist demand and tourism supply, sustainability and resilience, technological shifts, and institutions. Finally, six broader streams of conversations suggest how to advance the marketing and management of destinations related to a destination ontology grounded in flows, with a focus on processes and action, stewardship and collaboration, resilient destinations, transient and permanent residents, as well as new instrumental technologies and augmented experiences.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to widen the understanding of the shifts the tourism industry experienced as it went though the Covid-19 pandemic. To contribute to this question, an empirical comparison is made between the supply of guided tours and sights at an urban destination in the pre- and postpandemic eras, thus gauging the changes in the guiding tours industry after the pandemic. Design/methodology/approach By conducting a convenience data gathering and a double-level analysis (tours analysis and sights analysis) on the tours and attractions supply at an urban destination, underlying trends come to light, related to the changes in the postpandemic era. This empirical comparison (2019 vs 2022) allows the authors to assess what has and has not changed in the postpandemic context. Findings Guided tours and attractions supply are evolving in the researched destination, but at a slow pace. Therefore, we conclude that long-term processes in destinations prevail over short-term disruptions, no matter how strong these disturbances are. Practical implications The results are of interest to practitioners as they facilitate a better assessment of the impacts of a crisis and greater awareness of the evolution of attractions in urban tourism. While the “staple tours” in a destination are always there, practitioners should keep an eye on new spaces in the city which the sector is opening up and also new touring trends. Originality/value This study is one of the few to empirically compare a pre- and postpandemic situation, as far as city-guided tours are concerned. It helps practitioners and authorities in urban destinations to assess the new trends that have emerged in the postpandemic era, and offers a two-level tool for tour analysis that could be applied to any urban destination.

Purpose This research finds out to what extent companies’ names are influenced by the place’s attributes versus the official branding policies of a place and, consequently, whether and how local companies “buy into” the place’s strategies put forth by official bodies. Design/methodology/approach This paper is both conceptual and empirical, as a mixed quantitative and interpretive approach is used. The companies’ names of a tourist industry (the tour and guiding companies) in three destinations are compared and pitched against the branding of these cities. The companies' names are classified into categories to ascertain whether they reflect (or diverge from) the official strategies. Finally, a conceptual model is developed to explain the findings: the strategic naming model (SNM). Findings Our main finding is that the overall business features of a place being stronger determinants to the naming strategies than tourist destination branding initiatives. The intrinsic features of a place seem thus to be “above” destination branding policies. The researched features account for different naming strategies, such as highly original names, flat names or non-strategic names. Research limitations/implications As the work is based on a convenience sample, it cannot claim strong representativity. The fact that each of the three data sets was processed by a different researcher might bring up personal biases. Practical implications This work is a call for a more intensive use of naming strategies to the companies’ advantages, as naming is found out to be strategy used to a very low degree. Thanks to this research, companies will understand the different naming possibilities and be able to apply them to their strategies by choosing names which express “uniqueness” or “belonging”. Practitioners will also be aware of whether they are communicating towards the industry or towards the market. Originality/value No works were found that empirically pursue our research goals. Therefore

This article presents the 2022 Consensus on Advances in Destination Management, a research agenda for destination marketing and management. Like its predecessors, this agenda is grounded in the collaborative consensus discourse methodology. To identify relevant avenues for future research, the consensus draws on three days of structured interactions among scholarly and industry experts invested in advancing the research and practice of destination marketing and management for sustainable development of tourist destinations at the 5th Advances in Destination Management Forum in Kalmar, Sweden. The consensus details avenues for further research in five key areas that relate to (1) the role and future of DMOs, (2) tourism policy and governance issues, (3) advancing destination resilience and sustainability, (4) the measurement and tracking of visitor flows, and (5) destination development in emergent destinations.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to widen the understanding of the shifts the tourism industry experienced as it went though the Covid-19 pandemic. To contribute to this question, an empirical comparison is made between the supply of guided tours and sights at an urban destination in the pre- and postpandemic eras, thus gauging the changes in the guiding tours industry after the pandemic. Design/methodology/approach By conducting a convenience data gathering and a double-level analysis (tours analysis and sights analysis) on the tours and attractions supply at an urban destination, underlying trends come to light, related to the changes in the postpandemic era. This empirical comparison (2019 vs 2022) allows the authors to assess what has and has not changed in the postpandemic context. Findings Guided tours and attractions supply are evolving in the researched destination, but at a slow pace. Therefore, we conclude that long-term processes in destinations prevail over short-term disruptions, no matter how strong these disturbances are. Practical implications The results are of interest to practitioners as they facilitate a better assessment of the impacts of a crisis and greater awareness of the evolution of attractions in urban tourism. While the “staple tours” in a destination are always there, practitioners should keep an eye on new spaces in the city which the sector is opening up and also new touring trends. Originality/value This study is one of the few to empirically compare a pre- and postpandemic situation, as far as city-guided tours are concerned. It helps practitioners and authorities in urban destinations to assess the new trends that have emerged in the postpandemic era, and offers a two-level tool for tour analysis that could be applied to any urban destination.

Purpose This research finds out to what extent companies’ names are influenced by the place’s attributes versus the official branding policies of a place and, consequently, whether and how local companies “buy into” the place’s strategies put forth by official bodies. Design/methodology/approach This paper is both conceptual and empirical, as a mixed quantitative and interpretive approach is used. The companies’ names of a tourist industry (the tour and guiding companies) in three destinations are compared and pitched against the branding of these cities. The companies' names are classified into categories to ascertain whether they reflect (or diverge from) the official strategies. Finally, a conceptual model is developed to explain the findings: the strategic naming model (SNM). Findings Our main finding is that the overall business features of a place being stronger determinants to the naming strategies than tourist destination branding initiatives. The intrinsic features of a place seem thus to be “above” destination branding policies. The researched features account for different naming strategies, such as highly original names, flat names or non-strategic names. Research limitations/implications As the work is based on a convenience sample, it cannot claim strong representativity. The fact that each of the three data sets was processed by a different researcher might bring up personal biases. Practical implications This work is a call for a more intensive use of naming strategies to the companies’ advantages, as naming is found out to be strategy used to a very low degree. Thanks to this research, companies will understand the different naming possibilities and be able to apply them to their strategies by choosing names which express “uniqueness” or “belonging”. Practitioners will also be aware of whether they are communicating towards the industry or towards the market. Originality/value No works were found that empirically pursue our research goals. Therefore

This article presents a narrative perspective review of the state-of-the-art of destination marketing and management. The past 15 years of developments, stretching from technological advances enabling methodological progress and new consumer behavior to climate, health, and financial crises, require a reassessment of previous academic contributions and current practices. Referring back to the social origins of destinations, this article conceptualizes destinations as a heterogeneous space of flows and proposes future research linked to tourist demand and tourism supply, sustainability and resilience, technological shifts, and institutions. Finally, six broader streams of conversations suggest how to advance the marketing and management of destinations related to a destination ontology grounded in flows, with a focus on processes and action, stewardship and collaboration, resilient destinations, transient and permanent residents, as well as new instrumental technologies and augmented experiences.

Purpose This research finds out to what extent companies’ names are influenced by the place’s attributes versus the official branding policies of a place and, consequently, whether and how local companies “buy into” the place’s strategies put forth by official bodies. Design/methodology/approach This paper is both conceptual and empirical, as a mixed quantitative and interpretive approach is used. The companies’ names of a tourist industry (the tour and guiding companies) in three destinations are compared and pitched against the branding of these cities. The companies' names are classified into categories to ascertain whether they reflect (or diverge from) the official strategies. Finally, a conceptual model is developed to explain the findings: the strategic naming model (SNM). Findings Our main finding is that the overall business features of a place being stronger determinants to the naming strategies than tourist destination branding initiatives. The intrinsic features of a place seem thus to be “above” destination branding policies. The researched features account for different naming strategies, such as highly original names, flat names or non-strategic names. Research limitations/implications As the work is based on a convenience sample, it cannot claim strong representativity. The fact that each of the three data sets was processed by a different researcher might bring up personal biases. Practical implications This work is a call for a more intensive use of naming strategies to the companies’ advantages, as naming is found out to be strategy used to a very low degree. Thanks to this research, companies will understand the different naming possibilities and be able to apply them to their strategies by choosing names which express “uniqueness” or “belonging”. Practitioners will also be aware of whether they are communicating towards the industry or towards the market. Originality/value No works were found that empirically pursue our research goals. Therefore

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to widen the understanding of the shifts the tourism industry experienced as it went though the Covid-19 pandemic. To contribute to this question, an empirical comparison is made between the supply of guided tours and sights at an urban destination in the pre- and postpandemic eras, thus gauging the changes in the guiding tours industry after the pandemic. Design/methodology/approach By conducting a convenience data gathering and a double-level analysis (tours analysis and sights analysis) on the tours and attractions supply at an urban destination, underlying trends come to light, related to the changes in the postpandemic era. This empirical comparison (2019 vs 2022) allows the authors to assess what has and has not changed in the postpandemic context. Findings Guided tours and attractions supply are evolving in the researched destination, but at a slow pace. Therefore, we conclude that long-term processes in destinations prevail over short-term disruptions, no matter how strong these disturbances are. Practical implications The results are of interest to practitioners as they facilitate a better assessment of the impacts of a crisis and greater awareness of the evolution of attractions in urban tourism. While the “staple tours” in a destination are always there, practitioners should keep an eye on new spaces in the city which the sector is opening up and also new touring trends. Originality/value This study is one of the few to empirically compare a pre- and postpandemic situation, as far as city-guided tours are concerned. It helps practitioners and authorities in urban destinations to assess the new trends that have emerged in the postpandemic era, and offers a two-level tool for tour analysis that could be applied to any urban destination.

This article presents the 2022 Consensus on Advances in Destination Management, a research agenda for destination marketing and management. Like its predecessors, this agenda is grounded in the collaborative consensus discourse methodology. To identify relevant avenues for future research, the consensus draws on three days of structured interactions among scholarly and industry experts invested in advancing the research and practice of destination marketing and management for sustainable development of tourist destinations at the 5th Advances in Destination Management Forum in Kalmar, Sweden. The consensus details avenues for further research in five key areas that relate to (1) the role and future of DMOs, (2) tourism policy and governance issues, (3) advancing destination resilience and sustainability, (4) the measurement and tracking of visitor flows, and (5) destination development in emergent destinations.

This article presents a narrative perspective review of the state-of-the-art of destination marketing and management. The past 15 years of developments, stretching from technological advances enabling methodological progress and new consumer behavior to climate, health, and financial crises, require a reassessment of previous academic contributions and current practices. Referring back to the social origins of destinations, this article conceptualizes destinations as a heterogeneous space of flows and proposes future research linked to tourist demand and tourism supply, sustainability and resilience, technological shifts, and institutions. Finally, six broader streams of conversations suggest how to advance the marketing and management of destinations related to a destination ontology grounded in flows, with a focus on processes and action, stewardship and collaboration, resilient destinations, transient and permanent residents, as well as new instrumental technologies and augmented experiences.

Tourism offers a means of promoting a local development strategy capable of harnessing the resources available within a territory. In order to do this, we must know the potential for tourism development in each territory, as well as the factors that would condition it. In this article, a methodology (based on the design of a system of indicators, the construction of composite indexes, and segmentation by means of cluster analysis) is proposed to measure tourism development within an emerging country and segment its different territories. The case study chosen to validate this methodology is Ecuador, a country with interesting tourist potential, where individual cities have very different levels of tourism development. The results highlight the factors that drive or constrain the degree of tourism development presented by the cities analysed, thereby facilitating decision-making for major stakeholders in each of them

Creative tourism entrepreneurs play an essential role in the com-petitiveness and innovation of a tourist destination. Moreover, they are more likely to find sustainable practices in their small-scale business than in large companies. However, despite this impor-tance, the study of these entrepreneurs needs more attention, in particular knowledge about the factors that attract and retain them in a given destination. Thus, this research aims to identify the factors that are most valued by creative tourism entrepreneurs in relation to the characteristics of the destination. Based on a sample of 115 creative tourism entrepreneurs, we ran a two-step cluster analysis. The results showed that the most important factors were entrepreneurial culture, access to the market (tourists, visitors etc.), creative atmosphere, quality of life and level of cooperation. The results also allowed us to identify two different segments of entrepreneurs: balanced and prospectors, which show different attitudes regarding the attraction factors and the willingness to stay in the destination. In the conclusion, the practical implications for destination management are discussed.

Creative tourism has been approached from several points of view: products and processes, enabling elements, marketing, sustainabil- ity, etc. However, to our best knowledge, there is no integrative model that brings together all its dimensions and enables a ‘bird’s eye’ perspective of creative destination competitiveness. As such, this article aims to present a competitiveness model for a creative tourism destination. The model presents four essential dimensions: core elements (products and processes, travellers and entrepre- neurs), enablers (community engagement, stakeholders compe- tences, and creative atmosphere), and developers (marketing and communication). Avenues for future research are presented based on the identification of areas to expand existing knowledge on creative tourism research, mainly by proposing measurement instruments which may contribute to operationalize the proposed model.

This chapter examines the organising of a destination and the challenges of enabling sustainable visits. The purpose of the chapter is to discuss the prerequisites of an assigned DMO so as to take on the responsibility of enabling a sustainable destination by applying the concept of meta organisation. The recommendations by the UNWTO for how destinations should be governed, and its strategic view, are discussed and an alternative view of meta-organisations is presented. Through a case study of a destination, the challenges of organising and managing a destination with multiple and heterogeneous organisations are illustrated. Based on the discussion on organising, the chapter contributes by elaborating on factors enabling sustainable visits.

This article presents the 2022 Consensus on Advances in Destination Management, a research agenda for destination marketing and management. Like its predecessors, this agenda is grounded in the collaborative consensus discourse methodology. To identify relevant avenues for future research, the consensus draws on three days of structured interactions among scholarly and industry experts invested in advancing the research and practice of destination marketing and management for sustainable development of tourist destinations at the 5th Advances in Destination Management Forum in Kalmar, Sweden. The consensus details avenues for further research in five key areas that relate to (1) the role and future of DMOs, (2) tourism policy and governance issues, (3) advancing destination resilience and sustainability, (4) the measurement and tracking of visitor flows, and (5) destination development in emergent destinations.

This article presents a narrative perspective review of the state-of-the-art of destination marketing and management. The past 15 years of developments, stretching from technological advances enabling methodological progress and new consumer behavior to climate, health, and financial crises, require a reassessment of previous academic contributions and current practices. Referring back to the social origins of destinations, this article conceptualizes destinations as a heterogeneous space of flows and proposes future research linked to tourist demand and tourism supply, sustainability and resilience, technological shifts, and institutions. Finally, six broader streams of conversations suggest how to advance the marketing and management of destinations related to a destination ontology grounded in flows, with a focus on processes and action, stewardship and collaboration, resilient destinations, transient and permanent residents, as well as new instrumental technologies and augmented experiences.

This article presents a narrative perspective review of the state-of-the-art of destination marketing and management. The past 15 years of developments, stretching from technological advances enabling methodological progress and new consumer behavior to climate, health, and financial crises, require a reassessment of previous academic contributions and current practices. Referring back to the social origins of destinations, this article conceptualizes destinations as a heterogeneous space of flows and proposes future research linked to tourist demand and tourism supply, sustainability and resilience, technological shifts, and institutions. Finally, six broader streams of conversations suggest how to advance the marketing and management of destinations related to a destination ontology grounded in flows, with a focus on processes and action, stewardship and collaboration, resilient destinations, transient and permanent residents, as well as new instrumental technologies and augmented experiences.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to widen the understanding of the shifts the tourism industry experienced as it went though the Covid-19 pandemic. To contribute to this question, an empirical comparison is made between the supply of guided tours and sights at an urban destination in the pre- and postpandemic eras, thus gauging the changes in the guiding tours industry after the pandemic. Design/methodology/approach By conducting a convenience data gathering and a double-level analysis (tours analysis and sights analysis) on the tours and attractions supply at an urban destination, underlying trends come to light, related to the changes in the postpandemic era. This empirical comparison (2019 vs 2022) allows the authors to assess what has and has not changed in the postpandemic context. Findings Guided tours and attractions supply are evolving in the researched destination, but at a slow pace. Therefore, we conclude that long-term processes in destinations prevail over short-term disruptions, no matter how strong these disturbances are. Practical implications The results are of interest to practitioners as they facilitate a better assessment of the impacts of a crisis and greater awareness of the evolution of attractions in urban tourism. While the “staple tours” in a destination are always there, practitioners should keep an eye on new spaces in the city which the sector is opening up and also new touring trends. Originality/value This study is one of the few to empirically compare a pre- and postpandemic situation, as far as city-guided tours are concerned. It helps practitioners and authorities in urban destinations to assess the new trends that have emerged in the postpandemic era, and offers a two-level tool for tour analysis that could be applied to any urban destination.

Purpose This research finds out to what extent companies’ names are influenced by the place’s attributes versus the official branding policies of a place and, consequently, whether and how local companies “buy into” the place’s strategies put forth by official bodies. Design/methodology/approach This paper is both conceptual and empirical, as a mixed quantitative and interpretive approach is used. The companies’ names of a tourist industry (the tour and guiding companies) in three destinations are compared and pitched against the branding of these cities. The companies' names are classified into categories to ascertain whether they reflect (or diverge from) the official strategies. Finally, a conceptual model is developed to explain the findings: the strategic naming model (SNM). Findings Our main finding is that the overall business features of a place being stronger determinants to the naming strategies than tourist destination branding initiatives. The intrinsic features of a place seem thus to be “above” destination branding policies. The researched features account for different naming strategies, such as highly original names, flat names or non-strategic names. Research limitations/implications As the work is based on a convenience sample, it cannot claim strong representativity. The fact that each of the three data sets was processed by a different researcher might bring up personal biases. Practical implications This work is a call for a more intensive use of naming strategies to the companies’ advantages, as naming is found out to be strategy used to a very low degree. Thanks to this research, companies will understand the different naming possibilities and be able to apply them to their strategies by choosing names which express “uniqueness” or “belonging”. Practitioners will also be aware of whether they are communicating towards the industry or towards the market. Originality/value No works were found that empirically pursue our research goals. Therefore

This article presents the 2022 Consensus on Advances in Destination Management, a research agenda for destination marketing and management. Like its predecessors, this agenda is grounded in the collaborative consensus discourse methodology. To identify relevant avenues for future research, the consensus draws on three days of structured interactions among scholarly and industry experts invested in advancing the research and practice of destination marketing and management for sustainable development of tourist destinations at the 5th Advances in Destination Management Forum in Kalmar, Sweden. The consensus details avenues for further research in five key areas that relate to (1) the role and future of DMOs, (2) tourism policy and governance issues, (3) advancing destination resilience and sustainability, (4) the measurement and tracking of visitor flows, and (5) destination development in emergent destinations.

Tourism needs to reduce emissions in line with other economic sectors, if the international community's objective of staying global warming at 1.5 degrees-2.0 degrees C is to be achieved. This will require the industry to half emissions to 2030, and to reach net-zero by mid-century. Mitigation requires consideration of four dimensions, the Scales, Scopes, Stakeholders and Strategies of carbon management. The paper provides a systematic review of these dimensions and their interrelationships, with a focus on emission inventory comprehensiveness; allocation principles at different scales; clearly defined responsibilities for decarbonization; and the identification of significant mitigation strategies. The paper concludes that without mitigation efforts, tourism will deplete 40% of the world's remaining carbon budget to 1.5 degrees C. Yet, the most powerful decarbonization measures face major corporate, political and technical barriers. Without worldwide policy efforts at the national scale to manage the sector's emissions, tourism will turn into one of the major drivers of climate change.

This article presents the 2022 Consensus on Advances in Destination Management, a research agenda for destination marketing and management. Like its predecessors, this agenda is grounded in the collaborative consensus discourse methodology. To identify relevant avenues for future research, the consensus draws on three days of structured interactions among scholarly and industry experts invested in advancing the research and practice of destination marketing and management for sustainable development of tourist destinations at the 5th Advances in Destination Management Forum in Kalmar, Sweden. The consensus details avenues for further research in five key areas that relate to (1) the role and future of DMOs, (2) tourism policy and governance issues, (3) advancing destination resilience and sustainability, (4) the measurement and tracking of visitor flows, and (5) destination development in emergent destinations.

Despite the growing popularity of outdoor recreation, nature is not equally accessible to everyone. In the case of persons with disabilities, access to nature remains a largely under-researched area, especially in terms of the role of private and public providers of products and facilities for a diverse range of visitors. This study investigates the challenges and opportunities for developing inclusive forms of accessible nature-based tourism in three different natural settings in Sweden. By focusing on the supply-side of nature-based tourism, we examine views and practices in providing inclusive activities and environments. Despite growing stakeholder interest in accessible nature-based tourism, our findings reveal several challenges, including limited knowledge about the consumers, lack of financial resources and long-term planning, and the absence of a holistic accessibility perspective. We discuss these challenges and propose that they can be collectively met through increased stakeholder collaboration for creating accessible nature-based tourism., Accessible and Inclusive Nature-Based Tourism: Promising Practices of Universal Design in Sweden, Accessible and inclusive nature environments in Östersund municipality

Schutzgebiete verzeichnen steigende Besucher:innenzahlen. Gleichzeitig werden Outdoor-Aktivitäten, damit verbundene Nutzungsansprüche und Besucher:innenprofile immer diverser. Folglich kommt es vermehrt zu Konflikten mit der lokalen Bevölkerung, mit anderen Erholungssuchenden oder zu negativen Auswirkungen auf die Flora und Fauna. Für die nachhaltige Entwicklung einer Region ist es jedoch notwendig, die komplexen Stakeholderinteressen in Einklang zu bringen und Konflikte zu minimieren. In dieser Arbeit werden verschiedene Konflikte mit Besucher:innen aus der Perspektive von Key-Stakeholdern eines Schutzgebiets beschrieben. Dazu wurden Interviews (n = 14) mit Akteuren aus den Bereichen Land-/Forstwirtschaft, Naturschutz, Gemeinden, Tourismus, Natursport und Schutzgebietsverwaltung des Nationalparks Kalkalpen (Oberösterreich) geführt. Mit einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse konnten verschiedene Konfliktmerkmale und die Wahrnehmung folgender Konfliktarten abgebildet werden: Naturschutzkonflikte, zwischenmenschliche/wertebezogene Freizeitkonflikte, Mensch-Wildtier-Konflikte, Landnutzungskonflikte, Konflikte aufgrund von Zugangsbeschränkung, ungerechter Nutzenverteilung oder der Missachtung von Rechten/Werten der Einheimischen sowie Konflikte aufgrund politischer/gesetzlicher Bestimmungen. Die Erkenntnisse zeigen, dass Konflikte häufig auf Unwissenheit, fehlendem Natur-/Kulturbezug sowie mangelnder Akzeptanz bezüglich der Zielsetzungen des Schutzgebiets beruhen. Zur Konfliktlösung arbeiten lokale Stakeholder häufig erst dann zusammen, wenn Konflikte bereits eskalieren. Eine vorausschauende Konfliktprävention ist nur sporadisch erkennbar. Zudem wird deutlich, dass es vor allem in Bezug auf die Zielgruppe der Tagestouristen und Naherholungssuchenden eine erhöhte Aufmerksamkeit des Managements bedarf., Protected areas are recording rising visitor numbers. At the same time, outdoor activities, the associated usage requirements and visitor profiles are becoming more diverse. As a result, conflicts with other recreationists, the local community and negative impacts on flora and fauna are increasing. However, for the sustainable development of a region it is necessary to harmonize the complex stakeholder interests and minimize conflicts. This study describes various conflicts with visitors from the perspective of the main stakeholders of a protected area. For this purpose, interviews (n = 14) were conducted with stakeholders from the fields of agriculture, forestry, nature conservation, municipalities, tourism, nature sports and protected area administration of the Kalkalpen National Park (Upper Austria). A qualitative content analysis was used to map multiple conflict characteristics and the perception of the following types of conflict: nature conservation conflicts, interpersonal/value-related recreational conflicts, human-wildlife conflicts, land use conflicts, conflicts due to access restrictions, unfair distribution of benefits or disregard for the rights/values of locals as well as conflicts due to political regulations and laws. The findings show that conflicts are often based on a lack of knowledge, a lack of connection to nature/culture and a lack of acceptance of the protected area objectives. Local actors often only work together to resolve conflicts once they have already escalated. In addition, forward-looking conflict prevention can only be observed sporadically. Furthermore, increased management attention is required regarding the target group of day tourists and local recreationists., Arabella Wolf, Ein Abstract in englischer Sprache, Masterarbeit Universität Innsbruck 2023

This article explores and discusses community-based tourism (CBT) and proposes a model intended to be exemplary for CBT cases throughout most of the world’s emerging countries. Further, this paper aims at establishing a connection between competitiveness and local CBT development, calling therefore the proposed model C-CBT. The authors try to establish the motivations to develop this type of tourism, as well as the drawbacks, grouping them into the C-CBT model. This model is then used as a comparative tool and applied to two territories in Colombia which have suffered from conflict in the last decades and have subsequently developed CBT. As for the field work in the two locales, it is based on interviews and observation carried out in the context of tourism development projects in both areas. The outcome is a clearer understanding of the factors that favor CBT initiatives and connects these with competitiveness frameworks, with the added interest that the presented cases come from a severely conflict-burdened country.

This article explores and discusses community-based tourism (CBT) and proposes a model intended to be exemplary for CBT cases throughout most of the world’s emerging countries. Further, this paper aims at establishing a connection between competitiveness and local CBT development, calling therefore the proposed model C-CBT. The authors try to establish the motivations to develop this type of tourism, as well as the drawbacks, grouping them into the C-CBT model. This model is then used as a comparative tool and applied to two territories in Colombia which have suffered from conflict in the last decades and have subsequently developed CBT. As for the field work in the two locales, it is based on interviews and observation carried out in the context of tourism development projects in both areas. The outcome is a clearer understanding of the factors that favor CBT initiatives and connects these with competitiveness frameworks, with the added interest that the presented cases come from a severely conflict-burdened country.

This article explores and discusses community-based tourism (CBT) and proposes a model intended to be exemplary for CBT cases throughout most of the world’s emerging countries. Further, this paper aims at establishing a connection between competitiveness and local CBT development, calling therefore the proposed model C-CBT. The authors try to establish the motivations to develop this type of tourism, as well as the drawbacks, grouping them into the C-CBT model. This model is then used as a comparative tool and applied to two territories in Colombia which have suffered from conflict in the last decades and have subsequently developed CBT. As for the field work in the two locales, it is based on interviews and observation carried out in the context of tourism development projects in both areas. The outcome is a clearer understanding of the factors that favor CBT initiatives and connects these with competitiveness frameworks, with the added interest that the presented cases come from a severely conflict-burdened country.

Tourism is not only one of the world's fastest growing industries but also verycompetitive. To be able to run a competitive and attractive tourist destination, itis extremely important that the cooperation between all actors works. Manyresearchers claim that a functioning destination management is the cornerstoneof a successful and sustainable tourist destination. However, this cooperationbetween different actors, whether it is the private or the official sector can bemore difficult if a destination is divided by administrative boundaries. As many tourist destinations around the world are divided by administrativeboundaries, it is important to gain a better understanding of how theseadministrative areas and borders can affect tourism planning and destinationdevelopment. Already in the 20th century, researchers recognized thatcooperation between different municipal levels is of great importance, as this isthe only way to achieve a competitive tourist destination. Now that tourism is oneof the world's fastest growing industries and often also people's only source ofincome, it is even more important that the collaboration between different actorswithin a destination works. Collaboration is the foundation of a long-termattractive and competitive tourist destination.Despite a well-functioning destination management, this does not mean thateverything works as it should. Tourism is a complex phenomenon that requiressignificantly more understanding than just a functioning destination management.Tourism is part of an entire form of society that requires a deep understanding,which many actors often fail to do.

This article explores and discusses community-based tourism (CBT) and proposes a model intended to be exemplary for CBT cases throughout most of the world’s emerging countries. Further, this paper aims at establishing a connection between competitiveness and local CBT development, calling therefore the proposed model C-CBT. The authors try to establish the motivations to develop this type of tourism, as well as the drawbacks, grouping them into the C-CBT model. This model is then used as a comparative tool and applied to two territories in Colombia which have suffered from conflict in the last decades and have subsequently developed CBT. As for the field work in the two locales, it is based on interviews and observation carried out in the context of tourism development projects in both areas. The outcome is a clearer understanding of the factors that favor CBT initiatives and connects these with competitiveness frameworks, with the added interest that the presented cases come from a severely conflict-burdened country.

The Tourism Destination Saturation Index (ISDT, for its acronym in Spanish) is an instrument that allows to understand the socio-spatial consequences of touristic activity in a territory, in order to improve its territorial management. It is a tool that allows each local government to visualize those aspects in which it’s necessary to focus management and investment (health services, HSW collection, etc.) to promote its sustainability and therefore wellness, for both residents and visitors. It aims to cement public-private alliances in order to avoid saturation situations, and, incentives industry formalization. At the national level, it improves understanding of the impact of tourism on the territory, which, combined with economic indicators, guides investment and allows prioritization of economic programs for this sector. Three aspects of ISDT are addressed: 1) Conceptual definitions and calculation formula; 2) Discussion of results in different destinations; 3) Roadmapping as a management and integration tool between agents., El Índice de Saturación de Destinos Turísticos (ISDT) es un instrumento que permite comprender las consecuencias socio-espaciales de la actividad turística en un territorio, con el objetivo de mejorar su gestión territorial. La herramienta es de interés para los municipios dado que permite visualizar aquellos aspectos en los cuales es necesario enfocar la gestión e inversión (salud, recolección de RSD, etc.) teniendo en perspectiva la sustentabilidad del destino y el bienestar de la población tanto residente como visitante. Los resultados de la aplicación del ISDT, a su vez, logran visibilizar potenciales alianzas público-privadas de interés para evitar situaciones de saturación e incentiva la formalización de la industria. A nivel nacional, el ISDT busca mejorar la comprensión del impacto del turismo en el territorio, lo que cruzado con indicadores económicos, permite orientar la inversión y priorizar programas de apoyo a este sector de la economía. Se abordan 3 aspectos del ISDT: 1) Definiciones conceptuales y fórmula de cálculo; 2) Discusión de resultados en distintos destinos; 3) Las Hojas de Ruta como instrumento de gestión e integración entre agentes., Peer Reviewed

The Paris Agreement suggests that all countries engage in significant emission reductions. To stay within safe guardrails, usually defined as a maximum warming of 1.5 degrees C compared to pre-industrial times, this will mean decarbonisation within less than 30 years. This significant challenge is complicated because of growth in some sectors, such as tourism. This paper analyses emissions and economic output in Norway, considering national Tourism Satellite Accounts. Novel aspects of this paper include a longitudinal perspective covering 12 years through which critical developments and progress on emission reduction pathways can be assessed. Findings suggest that the carbon intensity of tourism (emissions per NOK) is more than twice the Norwegian economy average. Aviation in particular is a major barrier to emission reductions, as it generates 17% of national tourism revenue and 75% of direct tourism emissions. Trend extrapolation shows that tourism will be the largest emission sub-sector of the Norwegian economy by 2030. The Norwegian economy will have to decarbonise at a rate more than 30 times faster than its current rate, if it is to decarbonise to mid-century, while continuing on its observed economic growth trajectory.

La investigación ha sido desarrollada en la cabecera parroquial de Crucita (Portoviejo). El objetivo es identificar las principales limitaciones y potencialidades turísticas de la playa de Crucita, además de explorar el alcance de las prácticas de desarrollo local sostenible por parte de las administraciones públicas y privadas. La investigación se plantea si el modelo de turismo de masas implantado en Crucita podría haberse agotado y si sería necesaria una transformación. Para abordar lo mencionado, se han empleado los métodos de análisis-síntesis, deductivo-inductivo, histórico-lógico y el estadístico. Los resultados demuestran que la cabecera parroquial de Crucita posee gran capacidad de alojamiento y un potencial de empleabilidad de carácter local. Este destino ha reportado un fuerte crecimiento en flujos de visitas en los últimos años que, acompañado de las acciones administrativas adecuadas, podrían hacer del turismo un importante activo para el desarrollo local sostenible., This research has been developed in the parish of Crucita (Portoviejo). The objective is to identify the main limitations and tourism potentialities of Crucita beach, in addition to exploring the scope of the local sustainable development practices by public and private administrations. The research asks whether the mass tourism model implemented in Crucita could have been exhausted and whether a transformation is needed. To address the above, analysis-synthesis, deductive-inductive, historical-logical and statistical methods have been used. The results show that the parish of Crucita has a great housing capacity and local employability. This destination has reported a strong growth in visitor flows in recent years which, accompanied by appropriate administrative actions, could make tourism an important asset for sustainable local development.

Tourism is not only one of the world's fastest growing industries but also verycompetitive. To be able to run a competitive and attractive tourist destination, itis extremely important that the cooperation between all actors works. Manyresearchers claim that a functioning destination management is the cornerstoneof a successful and sustainable tourist destination. However, this cooperationbetween different actors, whether it is the private or the official sector can bemore difficult if a destination is divided by administrative boundaries. As many tourist destinations around the world are divided by administrativeboundaries, it is important to gain a better understanding of how theseadministrative areas and borders can affect tourism planning and destinationdevelopment. Already in the 20th century, researchers recognized thatcooperation between different municipal levels is of great importance, as this isthe only way to achieve a competitive tourist destination. Now that tourism is oneof the world's fastest growing industries and often also people's only source ofincome, it is even more important that the collaboration between different actorswithin a destination works. Collaboration is the foundation of a long-termattractive and competitive tourist destination.Despite a well-functioning destination management, this does not mean thateverything works as it should. Tourism is a complex phenomenon that requiressignificantly more understanding than just a functioning destination management.Tourism is part of an entire form of society that requires a deep understanding,which many actors often fail to do.

This article explores and discusses community-based tourism (CBT) and proposes a model intended to be exemplary for CBT cases throughout most of the world’s emerging countries. Further, this paper aims at establishing a connection between competitiveness and local CBT development, calling therefore the proposed model C-CBT. The authors try to establish the motivations to develop this type of tourism, as well as the drawbacks, grouping them into the C-CBT model. This model is then used as a comparative tool and applied to two territories in Colombia which have suffered from conflict in the last decades and have subsequently developed CBT. As for the field work in the two locales, it is based on interviews and observation carried out in the context of tourism development projects in both areas. The outcome is a clearer understanding of the factors that favor CBT initiatives and connects these with competitiveness frameworks, with the added interest that the presented cases come from a severely conflict-burdened country.

Responsible tourism has become a widespread paradigm over the last decades. However, the tourism industry is still affected by over-tourism, and the current COVID-19 pandemic even further revealed the gap between theoretical sustainability and the practical implementation of sustainable tourism concepts. Sustainable concepts are on destination agendas, but the action often remains absent. Hence, sustainable rethinking, rebalancing of tourism behavior, and taking responsibility are required. Therefore, this thesis aims to determine how responsible tourism practices can be promoted and encouraged among stakeholders in a destination. Qualitative, semi-structured expert interviews were conducted with diverse supply-side stakeholders in one destination to answer the research question. By applying the theory of planned behavior, the interviews provided comprehensive insights into the understanding of responsible tourism, identified behavioral patterns, perceived responsibilities, challenges, and drivers for sustainable development. The results allowed the detection of motivators and strategies encouraging stakeholders to implement responsible tourism practices. Based on these drivers, propositions for further research are established, and managerial implications for destination management organizations and tourism enterprises are derived., Arbeit an der Bibliothek noch nicht eingelangt - Daten nicht geprüft, Innsbruck, Univ., Masterarb., 2021

The concept of smart tourism destinations has gained increased interest in tourism research. In this study, we show how previous research has shaped the current discourse on smart tourism destinations. By analysing meta-narratives, we outline how the use of language has influencedthe research domain of smart tourism destinations.Whenthe scope of a research field is broad and still unclear, a systematic meta-narrative analysis of the literature is recommended, to provide a holistic view and an understanding of how narratives unfold over time. Our findings highlight that there are certain words that dominate the contemporary discourse in this research field, presented as meta-narratives of smart tourism destinations. Our study shows how language plays an important role in providing frameworks for the research discourse and offers a legitimation of master ideas. By analysing the language used in published scientific texts for describing and defining smart tourism destinations, we identify the meta-narratives that build major language-based concepts and how these have formed the research field of smart tourism destinations.

The concept of smart tourism destinations has gained increased interest in tourism research. In this study, we show how previous research has shaped the current discourse on smart tourism destinations. By analysing meta-narratives, we outline how the use of language has influencedthe research domain of smart tourism destinations.Whenthe scope of a research field is broad and still unclear, a systematic meta-narrative analysis of the literature is recommended, to provide a holistic view and an understanding of how narratives unfold over time. Our findings highlight that there are certain words that dominate the contemporary discourse in this research field, presented as meta-narratives of smart tourism destinations. Our study shows how language plays an important role in providing frameworks for the research discourse and offers a legitimation of master ideas. By analysing the language used in published scientific texts for describing and defining smart tourism destinations, we identify the meta-narratives that build major language-based concepts and how these have formed the research field of smart tourism destinations.

Los nuevos patrones de consumo turístico junto con los cambios en el uso y disfrute de los espacios y recursos naturales han derivado en una transformación de la forma de concebir estos territorios, lo que supone una clara oportunidad para revisar su planificación y gestión desde la óptica del modelo inteligente. El objetivo de los espacios naturales inteligentes es garantizar la eficiencia en la gestión del uso de los medios naturales a través de la aplicación adecuada de la gobernanza y la tecnología. Su papel es clave con el fin de mejorar la experiencia y generar un impacto positivo sostenible en el territorio. A través de este estudio se plantea una modelización de la gestión del espacio natural acorde con los principios y ejes básicos del modelo de destino turístico inteligente de la Comunidad Valenciana. El desarrollo del modelo se construye desde la base sobre una gobernanza activa y una identificación de las vías de colaboración entre los agentes que conforman, colaboran y participan en el espacio natural, teniendo en cuenta una serie de premisas que persiguen potenciar la accesibilidad, seguridad, sostenibilidad y mejorar la experiencia turística tanto del espacio protegido como de su área de influencia., New patterns of tourism consumption and changes in the use and enjoyment of natural spaces and resources have led to a transformation in the way these territories are conceptualized, offering a significant opportunity to review their planning and management from the perspective of the Smart Model. The objective of smart natural spaces is to ensure efficiency in the management of the use of natural environments through the appropriate application of governance and technology. Their role is essential in order to improve the experience and generate a sustainable positive impact across the territory. This study proposes a modelling of the management of the natural space in accordance with the basic principles and axes of the smart tourist destination model of the Valencian Community. The development of the model is based on active governance and the identification of collaboration methods between the agents that conform, collaborate, and participate in the natural space, taking into account a series of guidelines that aim to promote accessibility, safety, sustainability and enhance the tourist experience both in the protected space and in its area of influence.

Die Dissertation zeigt am Fallbeispiel Berlin, wie stadttouristische Konflikte politisch-administrativ (ent-)problematisiert werden. Die Forschung zur Governance konflikthafter touristischer Phänomene (z. B. Gewerbe-Monostrukturierung) betreibt bislang v. a. good governance-Kritik, oder sie thematisiert die Konflikt-Governance zeitdiagnostisch als Ausdruck unternehmerischer/postpolitischer Stadtpolitiken. Demgegenüber greift die Dissertation das konzeptuell etablierte Postulat auf, bereits die Deutung zu bearbeitender Probleme als zentralen Aspekt von Governance zu verstehen. In der empirisch-analytischen Anwendung wird der Governance-Begriff als „Sehhilfe“ zur differenzierten Beschreibung von problembezogenen Governance-Arrangements herangezogen. Mittels einer Dokumentenanalyse und einer Ethnografie der Tourismusmanagement-Praxis werden sechs einschlägige Techniken der (Ent-)Problematisierung tourismusbedingter Konflikte herausgearbeitet: 1. die geschichtliche Naturalisierung von Interessenskonflikten, 2. die moralische Begrenzung von Debattierbarkeit, 3. die statistische Definition von Problemwahrnehmung, 4. die konzeptuelle Regulierung von Rechenschaftspflichten, 5. die partizipatorische Thematisierung von Problemen und 6. die begriffliche Konsensualisierung von Lösungen. Das Zusammenwirken dieser Governance-Techniken wird in Anlehnung an Mariana Valverde als ein Seeing Like a Tourist City betitelt: Probleme eines konflikthaften Tourismus sind nicht gegeben, sie werden politisch-administrativ mit diversen (teils widersprüchlichen) komplexitätsreduzierenden Mitteln geformt (u. a. moralisch, statistisch, geschichtlich), kontextspezifisch artikuliert (u. a. öffentlich-medial, in Partizipationsforen), verfahrensförmig negiert und nicht zuletzt in Abhängigkeit verfügbarer Lösungen hervorgebracht. Anwendungsorientiert gewendet macht die Dissertation das Zusammenwirken der o. g. Techniken als aktives Verwalten tourismusbedingter Konflikte (an-)greifbar., The thesis explores how conflictive urban tourism phenomena (e. g. commercial gentrification) are (de-)problematized by governmental actors in Berlin. Hitherto, research on “overtourism”-governance has been dominated by good governance criticism; alternatively, governance of conflict-prone urban tourism is discussed as manifestation of an entrepreneurial or post-political urban governance. The thesis, however, seizes on the conceptual claim to understand the way in which tourism conflicts are framed, constructed or contested by governmental bodies as key aspect of governance. Employing the notion of governance as analytical lens to comprehensively describe problem-oriented governance settings, six key techniques used to (de-)problematize tourism-induced conflicts haven been identified (building on document analysis and an ethnography of destination management practice): 1. Mobilising history to naturalise conflicts; 2. Limiting the debate about conflict-prone tourism under moral aspects; 3. Defining the perception of problems statistically; 4. Adjusting accountability conceptually; 5. Addressing problems by means of participatory forums; 6. Achieving consensual solutions by notions (e. g. “sustainability”). Referring to Valverde the combination of the governance techniques is dubbed as Seeing Like a Tourist City: problems of conflictive tourism do not exist a priori, but are constructed in an active political-administrative way. Problems of conflictive tourism are framed by (in part contractionary) ways of knowing (morally, statistically, by legends); conflicts are represented in highly context-specific manners, they are denied by administrative proceedings and intimately linked to the availability of solutions. The combination of the above-mentioned governance techniques represents an “active administration” of tourism conflicts; the „busy“ but noncommittal governance remains in well-established patterns of (discursively) reconciling problems and solutions.

For tourism, voice search is a promising tool with a considerable impact on tourist experience. For example, voice search might not only simplify the booking process of flights and hotels but also change local search for tourist information. Against this backdrop, our pilot study analyzes the current state of voice search in a Swiss tourism destination so that providers can benefit from those new opportunities. We conducted interviews with nine experts in Swiss tourism marketing. They agree that voice search offers a significant opportunity as a new and diverse channel in tourism. Moreover, this technology provides new marketing measures and a more efficient use of resources. However, possible threats to this innovation are data protection regulation and providers’ lack of skills and financial resources. Furthermore, the diversity of Swiss dialects pushes voice search to its limits. Finally, our study confirms that tourism destinations should cooperate to implement voice search within their touristic regions. In conclusion, following our initial findings from the sample destination, voice search remains of minor importance for tourist marketing in Switzerland as evident in the given low use of resources. Following this initial investigation of voice search in a Swiss tourism destination, we recommended conducting further qualitative interviews on tourists’ voice search experience in different tourist destinations.

This paper aims at developing and applying an indicators system for smart tourism destinations in order to better understand the current situation of a set of destinations which are developing smart tourism policies. The indicators were developed by adapting existing indicators in tourism destination management and smart cities literature, creating a new system based on a smart destination theoretical model that establishes three interrelated levels in which smart destinations are grounded: strategic-relational, instrumental and applied levels. Within these levels, nine different dimensions to be measured were identified. The indicators were constructed in collaboration with a public organisation (INVAT.TUR) devoted to providing technical assistance to smart destinations and were pre-tested, readjusted and then applied to a set of destinations of the Region of Valencia (Spain). Obtained findings reveal an uneven performance of destinations in the different dimensions of the three levels. A notable performance is observed in indicators for connectivity and online marketing, while more efforts need to be done in accessibility and sustainability initiatives. However, disparities are evident between different indicators and destinations. These results are discussed and framed within the relevant literature on smart destinations while providing information for destination managers and policy makers to adapt and replicate these indicators in their own territories. This paper is a first attempt to develop and apply indicators to measure smart destinations progress in literature and therefore constitutes an important precedent for future studies.

Destination management organizations (DMOs) are the key for the achievement of sustainable communities. A DMO is the organization in charge of marketing and management of the destination's resources. In Mexico, the DMO figure do not exist, but there are Convention and Visitors Offices (OCV) and Convention and Visitors Bureaus (BCV), which perform marketing functions in the destination. The objectives of this study are to understand the role of destination management organizations for sustainable competitiveness of the destination and analyze if these organizations perform the functions of a DMO. Six local organizations are analyzed. The case study methodology is conducted to draw a conclusion. However, this article shows that, in most, the DMO´s in México are not being sufficiently effective to achieve sustainability and competiveness and to manage the complexity of the relationship between different stakeholders., Los organismos de gestión de destinos (OGD/DMO) según la literatura, son la pieza clave y fundamental para el logro de comunidades sostenibles. En sí, es el órgano a cargo del marketing y la gestión de recursos de un destino. En México, la figura OGD/ DMO no existe como tal, las Oficinas de Convenciones y Visitantes (OCV) y los Burós de Convenciones y Visitantes (BCV), desempeñan las funciones de marketing. Los objetivos del estudio son: entender el rol de las OGD para la competitividad sostenible y analizar si estas organizaciones realizan las funciones de una DMO. Se analizan seis organismos gestores de destinos a través de la metodología del estudio de caso. Los resultados demuestran que en su mayoría los organismos gestores en México no han podido conseguir un balance entre competitividad y sostenibilidad, ni encontrar la fórmula para manejar la complejidad de las relaciones entre los diferentes actores del turismo.