Search

This publication aims to advance conceptual thinking and legal understanding about important law and policy tools and options for supporting the connectivity of protected area systems. The legal research and analyses reflected in this paper span international, regional, national and local levels. A range of legal instruments existing in most national legal systems, from conservation and sustainable use laws to land use planning, development control, voluntary conservation and economic instruments are explored. The paper is intended to offer concrete ideas of existing and potential legal tools and approaches that countries can use immediately to initiate priority connectivity conservation actions and to strengthen them progressively. It also is intended to provide a conceptual baseline for future research and case studies to continue to define and develop connectivity conservation law for supporting protected areas and for providing opportunities to address climate change as part of biodiversity conservation agendas.

Most families can access a range of health information and advice. Information and advice sources often include nurses, the Internet, social media, books, as well as family and friends. While the immediate aim may be to find information, it can also be to assist with parenting skills, solve parenting problems or as part of decision-making processes about their child's health. These processes are strongly influenced by the parent's level of health literacy. Health literacy describes a person's capacity to obtain and utilize health related information. Although there are numerous health literacy definitions all have clearly defined steps. These steps are: obtaining relevant information; then understanding this information; and finally being able to use the information to achieve the expected outcome. Previous research has linked low levels of parental health literacy with poorer child health outcomes. Given this link, increasing health literacy levels would be advantageous for both families and health services. Nurses working with families are in a position to support the family to increase their health literacy through the use of a variety of strategies. This article outlines how health literacy can influence the way parents seek help when they are concerned about child health issues, the relevance of parental health literacy for nurses and suggests some tools that could be used to support the increase of health literacy.

Most families can access a range of health information and advice. Information and advice sources often include nurses, the Internet, social media, books, as well as family and friends. While the immediate aim may be to find information, it can also be to assist with parenting skills, solve parenting problems or as part of decision-making processes about their child's health. These processes are strongly influenced by the parent's level of health literacy. Health literacy describes a person's capacity to obtain and utilize health related information. Although there are numerous health literacy definitions all have clearly defined steps. These steps are: obtaining relevant information; then understanding this information; and finally being able to use the information to achieve the expected outcome. Previous research has linked low levels of parental health literacy with poorer child health outcomes. Given this link, increasing health literacy levels would be advantageous for both families and health services. Nurses working with families are in a position to support the family to increase their health literacy through the use of a variety of strategies. This article outlines how health literacy can influence the way parents seek help when they are concerned about child health issues, the relevance of parental health literacy for nurses and suggests some tools that could be used to support the increase of health literacy.

We present a novel, low-resource fabrication and assembly method for creating disposable amperometric detectors in hybrid paper-polymer devices. Currently, mere paper-based microfluidics is far from being able to achieve the same level of process control and integration as state-of-the-art microfluidic devices made of polymers. To overcome this limitation, in this work both substrate types are synergistically combined through a hybrid, multi-component/multi-material system assembly. Using established inkjet wax printing, we transform the paper into a profoundly hydrophobic substrate in order to create carbon electrodes which are simply patterned from carbon inks via custom made adhesive stencils. By virtue of the compressibility of the paper substrate, the resulting electrodeon- paper hybrids can be directly embedded in conventional, 3D polymeric devices by bonding through an adhesive layer. This manufacturing scheme can be easily recreated with readily available off-the-shelf equipment, and is extremely cost-efficient and rapid with turn-around times of only a few hours.

We present a novel, low-resource fabrication and assembly method for creating disposable amperometric detectors in hybrid paper-polymer devices. Currently, mere paper-based microfluidics is far from being able to achieve the same level of process control and integration as state-of-the-art microfluidic devices made of polymers. To overcome this limitation, in this work both substrate types are synergistically combined through a hybrid, multi-component/multi-material system assembly. Using established inkjet wax printing, we transform the paper into a profoundly hydrophobic substrate in order to create carbon electrodes which are simply patterned from carbon inks via custom made adhesive stencils. By virtue of the compressibility of the paper substrate, the resulting electrodeon- paper hybrids can be directly embedded in conventional, 3D polymeric devices by bonding through an adhesive layer. This manufacturing scheme can be easily recreated with readily available off-the-shelf equipment, and is extremely cost-efficient and rapid with turn-around times of only a few hours.

Malnutrition in hospitals has been well documented in Australia and internationally. Bedside meal ordering systems (BMOS) have the potential to improve patient nutritional care and have been endorsed in Australia and the United States, but there are few published evaluation studies. This study aims to evaluate the effect of a BMOS compared to a paper menu. Outcome measures include: nutritional intake (energy and protein), patient satisfaction, Nutrition Assistant face-to-face time with patients and cost. Baseline data for the paper menu system was collected from 54 consenting patients (58% rate) across five wards at a 210 bed tertiary hospital in Sydney, during September 2011. 69% of patients consumed >50% of their meals over a 24 hour period, with 59% consuming all of breakfast, compared to 44% and 34% consuming all of lunch and dinner respectively. 59% rated overall food satisfaction as ‘very good’; however there was a lack of awareness of the Nutrition Assistants and their roles in menu assistance and dietary guidance. High scores for meal taste, menu variety, expectations and overall satisfaction were associated with a ≥50% intake. The only patient variable linked to an increased satisfaction was age ≥70 years. Observations of Nutrition Assistants identified <1 minute was spent with 88% of patients. A BMOS implementation is planned for February 2012, and post-implementation data will be compared with baseline. Our hypothesis is that having a Nutrition Assistant using a BMOS could increase patient satisfaction and address the deficits in patient knowledge to consequently improve patient dietary intakes

Malnutrition in hospitals has been well documented in Australia and internationally. Bedside meal ordering systems (BMOS) have the potential to improve patient nutritional care and have been endorsed in Australia and the United States, but there are few published evaluation studies. This study aims to evaluate the effect of a BMOS compared to a paper menu. Outcome measures include: nutritional intake (energy and protein), patient satisfaction, Nutrition Assistant face-to-face time with patients and cost. Baseline data for the paper menu system was collected from 54 consenting patients (58% rate) across five wards at a 210 bed tertiary hospital in Sydney, during September 2011. 69% of patients consumed >50% of their meals over a 24 hour period, with 59% consuming all of breakfast, compared to 44% and 34% consuming all of lunch and dinner respectively. 59% rated overall food satisfaction as ‘very good’; however there was a lack of awareness of the Nutrition Assistants and their roles in menu assistance and dietary guidance. High scores for meal taste, menu variety, expectations and overall satisfaction were associated with a ≥50% intake. The only patient variable linked to an increased satisfaction was age ≥70 years. Observations of Nutrition Assistants identified <1 minute was spent with 88% of patients. A BMOS implementation is planned for February 2012, and post-implementation data will be compared with baseline. Our hypothesis is that having a Nutrition Assistant using a BMOS could increase patient satisfaction and address the deficits in patient knowledge to consequently improve patient dietary intakes

Malnutrition in hospitals has been well documented in Australia and internationally. Bedside meal ordering systems (BMOS) have the potential to improve patient nutritional care and have been endorsed in Australia and the United States, but there are few published evaluation studies. This study aims to evaluate the effect of a BMOS compared to a paper menu. Outcome measures include: nutritional intake (energy and protein), patient satisfaction, Nutrition Assistant face-to-face time with patients and cost. Baseline data for the paper menu system was collected from 54 consenting patients (58% rate) across five wards at a 210 bed tertiary hospital in Sydney, during September 2011. 69% of patients consumed >50% of their meals over a 24 hour period, with 59% consuming all of breakfast, compared to 44% and 34% consuming all of lunch and dinner respectively. 59% rated overall food satisfaction as ‘very good’; however there was a lack of awareness of the Nutrition Assistants and their roles in menu assistance and dietary guidance. High scores for meal taste, menu variety, expectations and overall satisfaction were associated with a ≥50% intake. The only patient variable linked to an increased satisfaction was age ≥70 years. Observations of Nutrition Assistants identified <1 minute was spent with 88% of patients. A BMOS implementation is planned for February 2012, and post-implementation data will be compared with baseline. Our hypothesis is that having a Nutrition Assistant using a BMOS could increase patient satisfaction and address the deficits in patient knowledge to consequently improve patient dietary intakes

Malnutrition in hospitals has been well documented in Australia and internationally. Bedside meal ordering systems (BMOS) have the potential to improve patient nutritional care and have been endorsed in Australia and the United States, but there are few published evaluation studies. This study aims to evaluate the effect of a BMOS compared to a paper menu. Outcome measures include: nutritional intake (energy and protein), patient satisfaction, Nutrition Assistant face-to-face time with patients and cost. Baseline data for the paper menu system was collected from 54 consenting patients (58% rate) across five wards at a 210 bed tertiary hospital in Sydney, during September 2011. 69% of patients consumed >50% of their meals over a 24 hour period, with 59% consuming all of breakfast, compared to 44% and 34% consuming all of lunch and dinner respectively. 59% rated overall food satisfaction as ‘very good’; however there was a lack of awareness of the Nutrition Assistants and their roles in menu assistance and dietary guidance. High scores for meal taste, menu variety, expectations and overall satisfaction were associated with a ≥50% intake. The only patient variable linked to an increased satisfaction was age ≥70 years. Observations of Nutrition Assistants identified <1 minute was spent with 88% of patients. A BMOS implementation is planned for February 2012, and post-implementation data will be compared with baseline. Our hypothesis is that having a Nutrition Assistant using a BMOS could increase patient satisfaction and address the deficits in patient knowledge to consequently improve patient dietary intakes

This paper considers two major issues that need to be treated as matters of urgency. First, internal (within country) migrations in the Asian (ACI) region are mostly undocumented and large. It is shown there are significant differences in wages and human development measures to which migrants will respond. Our first (of two) recommendation(s) is the need to collect better information on migration and for wage premiums and discounts to be estimated across sectors and countries. The second major issue is the emerging demographic imbalances in the form of aging, which will give dependency ratios that have never been experienced in all of recorded human existence. This needs urgent attention and the development of appropriate migration policies. Whilst it is possible to share the burdens of ageing and dependency through migration, this will not happen under present arrangements. Migration cannot continue to be treated differently to trade and finance. A framework needs to be developed to provide a coherent set of policies relating to migration and social welfare, within and across countries in the Asian region. Our second recommendation is for the East Asia Summit (ASEAN+10) to set up a high level working group to consider possible future harmonized migration based policies, bringing together relevant economic, political, social and legal issues. This should encompass the recent ASEAN leadership on the rights of migrant workers and labor work programs. It complements the Summit's focus on education and human resource development and heeds the World Economic Forum's call for Asian leadership in enhancing regional connectivity (expanded to include human resources). As we have argued many times in this paper, increasing the mobility of humans is the best way to not only promote economic efficiency, but to provide freedom and significant improvements in their wellbeing and quality of life.

Malnutrition in hospitals has been well documented in Australia and internationally. Bedside meal ordering systems (BMOS) have the potential to improve patient nutritional care and have been endorsed in Australia and the United States, but there are few published evaluation studies. This study aims to evaluate the effect of a BMOS compared to a paper menu. Outcome measures include: nutritional intake (energy and protein), patient satisfaction, Nutrition Assistant face-to-face time with patients and cost. Baseline data for the paper menu system was collected from 54 consenting patients (58% rate) across five wards at a 210 bed tertiary hospital in Sydney, during September 2011. 69% of patients consumed >50% of their meals over a 24 hour period, with 59% consuming all of breakfast, compared to 44% and 34% consuming all of lunch and dinner respectively. 59% rated overall food satisfaction as ‘very good’; however there was a lack of awareness of the Nutrition Assistants and their roles in menu assistance and dietary guidance. High scores for meal taste, menu variety, expectations and overall satisfaction were associated with a ≥50% intake. The only patient variable linked to an increased satisfaction was age ≥70 years. Observations of Nutrition Assistants identified <1 minute was spent with 88% of patients. A BMOS implementation is planned for February 2012, and post-implementation data will be compared with baseline. Our hypothesis is that having a Nutrition Assistant using a BMOS could increase patient satisfaction and address the deficits in patient knowledge to consequently improve patient dietary intakes

This paper considers two major issues that need to be treated as matters of urgency. First, internal (within country) migrations in the Asian (ACI) region are mostly undocumented and large. It is shown there are significant differences in wages and human development measures to which migrants will respond. Our first (of two) recommendation(s) is the need to collect better information on migration and for wage premiums and discounts to be estimated across sectors and countries. The second major issue is the emerging demographic imbalances in the form of aging, which will give dependency ratios that have never been experienced in all of recorded human existence. This needs urgent attention and the development of appropriate migration policies. Whilst it is possible to share the burdens of ageing and dependency through migration, this will not happen under present arrangements. Migration cannot continue to be treated differently to trade and finance. A framework needs to be developed to provide a coherent set of policies relating to migration and social welfare, within and across countries in the Asian region. Our second recommendation is for the East Asia Summit (ASEAN+10) to set up a high level working group to consider possible future harmonized migration based policies, bringing together relevant economic, political, social and legal issues. This should encompass the recent ASEAN leadership on the rights of migrant workers and labor work programs. It complements the Summit's focus on education and human resource development and heeds the World Economic Forum's call for Asian leadership in enhancing regional connectivity (expanded to include human resources). As we have argued many times in this paper, increasing the mobility of humans is the best way to not only promote economic efficiency, but to provide freedom and significant improvements in their wellbeing and quality of life.

Malnutrition in hospitals has been well documented in Australia and internationally. Bedside meal ordering systems (BMOS) have the potential to improve patient nutritional care and have been endorsed in Australia and the United States, but there are few published evaluation studies. This study aims to evaluate the effect of a BMOS compared to a paper menu. Outcome measures include: nutritional intake (energy and protein), patient satisfaction, Nutrition Assistant face-to-face time with patients and cost. Baseline data for the paper menu system was collected from 54 consenting patients (58% rate) across five wards at a 210 bed tertiary hospital in Sydney, during September 2011. 69% of patients consumed >50% of their meals over a 24 hour period, with 59% consuming all of breakfast, compared to 44% and 34% consuming all of lunch and dinner respectively. 59% rated overall food satisfaction as ‘very good’; however there was a lack of awareness of the Nutrition Assistants and their roles in menu assistance and dietary guidance. High scores for meal taste, menu variety, expectations and overall satisfaction were associated with a ≥50% intake. The only patient variable linked to an increased satisfaction was age ≥70 years. Observations of Nutrition Assistants identified <1 minute was spent with 88% of patients. A BMOS implementation is planned for February 2012, and post-implementation data will be compared with baseline. Our hypothesis is that having a Nutrition Assistant using a BMOS could increase patient satisfaction and address the deficits in patient knowledge to consequently improve patient dietary intakes

Silicon single walled carbon nanotube composite paper was modified by low energy ion implantation using 5i to obtain a flexible composite paper. Raman and FE-SEM results show that structure of SWCNT could be destroyed by the implantation. Electrochemical measurements display that the implanted SI can improve the specific capacity and the reversible capacity of CNT paper. After 50 cycles, the specific capacity of 5Hmplanted CNT paper is 30 per cent higher than the pristine CNT.

We present a novel, low-resource fabrication and assembly method for creating disposable amperometric detectors in hybrid paper-polymer devices. Currently, mere paper-based microfluidics is far from being able to achieve the same level of process control and integration as state-of-the-art microfluidic devices made of polymers. To overcome this limitation, in this work both substrate types are synergistically combined through a hybrid, multi-component/multi-material system assembly. Using established inkjet wax printing, we transform the paper into a profoundly hydrophobic substrate in order to create carbon electrodes which are simply patterned from carbon inks via custom made adhesive stencils. By virtue of the compressibility of the paper substrate, the resulting electrodeon- paper hybrids can be directly embedded in conventional, 3D polymeric devices by bonding through an adhesive layer. This manufacturing scheme can be easily recreated with readily available off-the-shelf equipment, and is extremely cost-efficient and rapid with turn-around times of only a few hours.

Silicon single walled carbon nanotube composite paper was modified by low energy ion implantation using 5i to obtain a flexible composite paper. Raman and FE-SEM results show that structure of SWCNT could be destroyed by the implantation. Electrochemical measurements display that the implanted SI can improve the specific capacity and the reversible capacity of CNT paper. After 50 cycles, the specific capacity of 5Hmplanted CNT paper is 30 per cent higher than the pristine CNT.

We present a novel, low-resource fabrication and assembly method for creating disposable amperometric detectors in hybrid paper-polymer devices. Currently, mere paper-based microfluidics is far from being able to achieve the same level of process control and integration as state-of-the-art microfluidic devices made of polymers. To overcome this limitation, in this work both substrate types are synergistically combined through a hybrid, multi-component/multi-material system assembly. Using established inkjet wax printing, we transform the paper into a profoundly hydrophobic substrate in order to create carbon electrodes which are simply patterned from carbon inks via custom made adhesive stencils. By virtue of the compressibility of the paper substrate, the resulting electrodeon- paper hybrids can be directly embedded in conventional, 3D polymeric devices by bonding through an adhesive layer. This manufacturing scheme can be easily recreated with readily available off-the-shelf equipment, and is extremely cost-efficient and rapid with turn-around times of only a few hours.

Reviewing the computational part of scientific papers puts a lot of effort on referees: even if authors provide their data and code the referee often needs to install additional software on his machine and figure out which parts of the code belong to which part of the manuscript. As a result, computational results or often not reviewed at all. We propose a new web service which outsources validation of computational results in executable papers to an independent third party. Our system adapts the well-tested toolbox currently checking R extension packages in software repositories like CRAN to check manuscripts in paper repositories. In addition, paper packages can easily be downloaded from the server and installed to replicate results locally by anyone wishing to do so.

Reviewing the computational part of scientific papers puts a lot of effort on referees: even if authors provide their data and code the referee often needs to install additional software on his machine and figure out which parts of the code belong to which part of the manuscript. As a result, computational results or often not reviewed at all. We propose a new web service which outsources validation of computational results in executable papers to an independent third party. Our system adapts the well-tested toolbox currently checking R extension packages in software repositories like CRAN to check manuscripts in paper repositories. In addition, paper packages can easily be downloaded from the server and installed to replicate results locally by anyone wishing to do so.

Reviewing the computational part of scientific papers puts a lot of effort on referees: even if authors provide their data and code the referee often needs to install additional software on his machine and figure out which parts of the code belong to which part of the manuscript. As a result, computational results or often not reviewed at all. We propose a new web service which outsources validation of computational results in executable papers to an independent third party. Our system adapts the well-tested toolbox currently checking R extension packages in software repositories like CRAN to check manuscripts in paper repositories. In addition, paper packages can easily be downloaded from the server and installed to replicate results locally by anyone wishing to do so.

Reviewing the computational part of scientific papers puts a lot of effort on referees: even if authors provide their data and code the referee often needs to install additional software on his machine and figure out which parts of the code belong to which part of the manuscript. As a result, computational results or often not reviewed at all. We propose a new web service which outsources validation of computational results in executable papers to an independent third party. Our system adapts the well-tested toolbox currently checking R extension packages in software repositories like CRAN to check manuscripts in paper repositories. In addition, paper packages can easily be downloaded from the server and installed to replicate results locally by anyone wishing to do so.

Aim: To develop an Australian nursing documentation in aged care (Quality of Australian Nursing Documentation in Aged Care (QANDAC)) instrument to measure the quality of paper-based and electronic resident records. Methods: The instrument was based on the nursing process model and on three attributes of documentation quality identified in a systematic review. The development process involved five phases following approaches to designing criterion-referenced measures. The face and content validities and the inter-rater reliability of the instrument were estimated using a focus group approach and consensus model. Results: The instrument contains 34 questions in three sections: completion of nursing history and assessment, description of care process and meeting the requirements of data entry. Estimates of the validity and inter-rater reliability of the instrument gave satisfactory results. Conclusion: The QANDAC instrument has a potential as a useful audit tool for the purposes of quality improvement and research in aged care documentation.

Background Internationally, there is concern about the increased prescribing of pharmaceutical opioids for chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP). In part, this is related to limited knowledge about the long-term benefits and outcomes of opioid use for CNCP. There has also been increased injection of some pharmaceutical opioids by people who inject drugs, and for some patients, the development of problematic and/or dependent use. To date, much of the research on the use of pharmaceutical opioids among people with CNCP, have been clinical trials that have excluded patients with complex needs, and have been of limited duration (i.e. fewer than 12 weeks). The Pain and Opioids In Treatment (POINT) study is unique study that aims to: 1) examine patterns of opioid use in a cohort of patients prescribed opioids for CNCP; 2) examine demographic and clinical predictors of adverse events, including opioid abuse or dependence, medication diversion, other drug use, and overdose; and 3) identify factors predicting poor pain relief and other outcomes. Methods/Design The POINT cohort comprises around 1,500 people across Australia prescribed pharmaceutical opioids for CNCP. Participants will be followed-up at four time points over a two year period. POINT will collect information on demographics, physical and medication use history, pain, mental health, drug and alcohol use, non-adherence, medication diversion, sleep, and quality of life. Data linkage will provide information on medications and services from Medicare (Australia's national health care scheme). Data on those who receive opioid substitution therapy, and on mortality, will be linked. Discussion This study will rigorously examine prescription opioid use among CNCP patients, and examine its relationship to important health outcomes. The extent to which opioids for chronic pain is associated with pain reduction, quality of life, mental and physical health, aberrant medication behavior and substance use disorders will be extensive

It has long been recognised that a key control in the management of heat stress is the education of the worker in relation to the impact of the many variables in a hot environment. For too many years the use of one parameter, the air temperature, has been the focal point of the general workforce as the measure of heat stress. Whilst there have been many tools and training materials available, most have relied on a formal training program or complicated assessments. The Basic Thermal Risk Assessment (BTRA) was introduced via the AIOH heat stress standard in 2003 as a first level assessment and was originally developed as a training tool. However over the years it has evolved in a different direction. The review and modification of this tool in the latest AIOH Heat Stress Guide began its journey back to its original intent. In early 2014 a question was posed on a Heat Stress forum discussion: "If you had a Heat Stress App for your workers, what would you want it to tell them?" This triggered a chain of events that led to the development of the Thermal Risk App. This is its story.

Characterisation of filter paper using Terahertz Time Domain Spectroscopy (THz-TDS) is given at different humidities. This is achieved using saturated salt solutions. The absorption coefficient of filter paper increases with frequency and relative humidity.

Characterisation of filter paper using Terahertz Time Domain Spectroscopy (THz-TDS) is given at different humidities. This is achieved using saturated salt solutions. The absorption coefficient of filter paper increases with frequency and relative humidity.

This resource contains three practice papers. For each paper there is a CD, a mark scheme and the transcripts for the passage for the listening exercies. These practice papers have been written to help you and your students prepare for the examination for Unit 3 of the AQA A2 Spanish specification for teaching from September 2009. AQA A2 Spanish Practice Exam Papers 3 practice papers for Unit 3 and four papers for Unit 4, covering all 4 skills: speaking, listening, reading and writing. Everything you need: •Write-on papers which look like the real exam papers •Audio CD and Transcripts of listening exercises •Answers and mark schemes

This resource contains three practice papers. For each paper there is a CD, a mark scheme and the transcripts for the passage for the listening exercies. These practice papers have been written to help you and your students prepare for the examination for Unit 3 of the AQA A2 Spanish specification for teaching from September 2009. AQA A2 Spanish Practice Exam Papers 3 practice papers for Unit 3 and four papers for Unit 4, covering all 4 skills: speaking, listening, reading and writing. Everything you need: •Write-on papers which look like the real exam papers •Audio CD and Transcripts of listening exercises •Answers and mark schemes

Characterisation of filter paper using Terahertz Time Domain Spectroscopy (THz-TDS) is given at different humidities. This is achieved using saturated salt solutions. The absorption coefficient of filter paper increases with frequency and relative humidity.

Flexible silicon/single-walled carbon nanotube (Si/SWCNT) composite paper was prepared using the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method to deposit Si onto SWCNT paper. In the composite, Si mainly shows nanoworm-like morphology. Increasing deposition time results in an increased amount of Si microspheres. Electrochemical measurements show that the capacity of the composite paper is improved by the presence of Si. The Si/SWCNT composite with only 2.2% Si shows a capacity of 163 mA h g−1 at a current density of 25 mA g−1 up to 50 cycles, which is more than 60% improvement of the capacity of pristine CNT paper. The Si contribution in the 2.2%-Si/SWCNT sample is calculated to be higher than 3000 mA h g−1.

This resource contains three practice papers. For each paper there is a CD, a mark scheme and the transcripts for the passages for the listening exercies. These practice papers have been written to help you and your students prepare for the examination for Unit 1 of the AQA AS Spanish specification for teaching from September 2008. AQA AS Spanish Practice Exam Paper 3 practice papers for each of Unit 1 and Unit 2, covering all 4 skills: speaking, listening, reading and writing. Everything you need: •Write-on papers which look like the real exam papers •Audio CD and Transcripts of listening exercises •Answers and mark schemes

This resource contains three practice papers. For each paper there is a CD, a mark scheme and the transcripts for the passages for the listening exercies. These practice papers have been written to help you and your students prepare for the examination for Unit 1 of the AQA AS Spanish specification for teaching from September 2008. AQA AS Spanish Practice Exam Paper 3 practice papers for each of Unit 1 and Unit 2, covering all 4 skills: speaking, listening, reading and writing. Everything you need: •Write-on papers which look like the real exam papers •Audio CD and Transcripts of listening exercises •Answers and mark schemes

Free-standingsingle-walledcarbonnanotube/SnO2 (SWCNT/SnO2) anodepaper was prepared by vacuum filtration of SWCNT/SnO2 hybrid material which was synthesized by the polyol method. From field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, the CNTs form a three-dimensional nanoporous network, in which ultra-fine SnO2 nanoparticles, which had crystallite sizes of less than 5 nm, were distributed, predominately as groups of nanoparticles on the surfaces of singlewalled CNT bundles. Electrochemical measurements demonstrated that the anodepaper with 34 wt.% SnO2 had excellent cyclic retention, with the high specific capacity of 454 mAh g−1 beyond 100 cycles at a current density of 25 mA g−1, much higher than that of the corresponding pristine CNT paper. The SWCNTs could act as a flexible mechanical support for strain release, offering an efficient electrically conducting channel, while the nanosized SnO2 provides the high capacity. The SWCNT/SnO2 flexible electrodes can be bent to extremely small radii of curvature and still function well, despite a marginal decrease in the conductivity of the cell. The electrochemical response is maintained in the initial and further cycling process. Such capabilities demonstrate that this model hold great promise for applications requiring flexible and bendable Li-ion batteries.

Free-standingsingle-walledcarbonnanotube/SnO2 (SWCNT/SnO2) anodepaper was prepared by vacuum filtration of SWCNT/SnO2 hybrid material which was synthesized by the polyol method. From field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, the CNTs form a three-dimensional nanoporous network, in which ultra-fine SnO2 nanoparticles, which had crystallite sizes of less than 5 nm, were distributed, predominately as groups of nanoparticles on the surfaces of singlewalled CNT bundles. Electrochemical measurements demonstrated that the anodepaper with 34 wt.% SnO2 had excellent cyclic retention, with the high specific capacity of 454 mAh g−1 beyond 100 cycles at a current density of 25 mA g−1, much higher than that of the corresponding pristine CNT paper. The SWCNTs could act as a flexible mechanical support for strain release, offering an efficient electrically conducting channel, while the nanosized SnO2 provides the high capacity. The SWCNT/SnO2 flexible electrodes can be bent to extremely small radii of curvature and still function well, despite a marginal decrease in the conductivity of the cell. The electrochemical response is maintained in the initial and further cycling process. Such capabilities demonstrate that this model hold great promise for applications requiring flexible and bendable Li-ion batteries.

How many papers is a baby ‘worth’? We were prompted to ask this provocative question by recent experiences, working on appointment committees and writing research grants in Australia, where provisions to quantify research track-records ‘relative to opportunity’ call for applicants to explain how fl uctuations in their publication outputs have been impacted by ‘career interruptions’ such as childbearing. In this age of the increasingly neoliberal university—where every activity, output, and impact is audited (Castree, 2000; 2006)—our commentary seeks to question how decision makers account (or not) for the career impacts of having children.

Highly flexible, paper-like, free-standing V2O5 and V2O5–polypyrrole (PPy) films were prepared via the vacuum filtration method. The films are soft, lightweight, and mechanically robust. The electrochemical performance of the free-standing pure V2O5 electrode was improved by incorporating conducting polypyrrole. A bendable cell with a novel design was fabricated, consisting of a free-standing V2O5–PPy cathode film, gel electrolyte, and a lithium foil anode. The cell was tested under repeated bending conditions for several cycles. The results show that the battery performance of the repeatedly bent cell was similar to that of the conventional cell.

How many papers is a baby ‘worth’? We were prompted to ask this provocative question by recent experiences, working on appointment committees and writing research grants in Australia, where provisions to quantify research track-records ‘relative to opportunity’ call for applicants to explain how fl uctuations in their publication outputs have been impacted by ‘career interruptions’ such as childbearing. In this age of the increasingly neoliberal university—where every activity, output, and impact is audited (Castree, 2000; 2006)—our commentary seeks to question how decision makers account (or not) for the career impacts of having children.

How many papers is a baby ‘worth’? We were prompted to ask this provocative question by recent experiences, working on appointment committees and writing research grants in Australia, where provisions to quantify research track-records ‘relative to opportunity’ call for applicants to explain how fl uctuations in their publication outputs have been impacted by ‘career interruptions’ such as childbearing. In this age of the increasingly neoliberal university—where every activity, output, and impact is audited (Castree, 2000; 2006)—our commentary seeks to question how decision makers account (or not) for the career impacts of having children.

Highly flexible, paper-like, free-standing V2O5 and V2O5–polypyrrole (PPy) films were prepared via the vacuum filtration method. The films are soft, lightweight, and mechanically robust. The electrochemical performance of the free-standing pure V2O5 electrode was improved by incorporating conducting polypyrrole. A bendable cell with a novel design was fabricated, consisting of a free-standing V2O5–PPy cathode film, gel electrolyte, and a lithium foil anode. The cell was tested under repeated bending conditions for several cycles. The results show that the battery performance of the repeatedly bent cell was similar to that of the conventional cell.

Free-standingsingle-walledcarbonnanotube/SnO2 (SWCNT/SnO2) anodepaper was prepared by vacuum filtration of SWCNT/SnO2 hybrid material which was synthesized by the polyol method. From field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, the CNTs form a three-dimensional nanoporous network, in which ultra-fine SnO2 nanoparticles, which had crystallite sizes of less than 5 nm, were distributed, predominately as groups of nanoparticles on the surfaces of singlewalled CNT bundles. Electrochemical measurements demonstrated that the anodepaper with 34 wt.% SnO2 had excellent cyclic retention, with the high specific capacity of 454 mAh g−1 beyond 100 cycles at a current density of 25 mA g−1, much higher than that of the corresponding pristine CNT paper. The SWCNTs could act as a flexible mechanical support for strain release, offering an efficient electrically conducting channel, while the nanosized SnO2 provides the high capacity. The SWCNT/SnO2 flexible electrodes can be bent to extremely small radii of curvature and still function well, despite a marginal decrease in the conductivity of the cell. The electrochemical response is maintained in the initial and further cycling process. Such capabilities demonstrate that this model hold great promise for applications requiring flexible and bendable Li-ion batteries.

Free-standingsingle-walledcarbonnanotube/SnO2 (SWCNT/SnO2) anodepaper was prepared by vacuum filtration of SWCNT/SnO2 hybrid material which was synthesized by the polyol method. From field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, the CNTs form a three-dimensional nanoporous network, in which ultra-fine SnO2 nanoparticles, which had crystallite sizes of less than 5 nm, were distributed, predominately as groups of nanoparticles on the surfaces of singlewalled CNT bundles. Electrochemical measurements demonstrated that the anodepaper with 34 wt.% SnO2 had excellent cyclic retention, with the high specific capacity of 454 mAh g−1 beyond 100 cycles at a current density of 25 mA g−1, much higher than that of the corresponding pristine CNT paper. The SWCNTs could act as a flexible mechanical support for strain release, offering an efficient electrically conducting channel, while the nanosized SnO2 provides the high capacity. The SWCNT/SnO2 flexible electrodes can be bent to extremely small radii of curvature and still function well, despite a marginal decrease in the conductivity of the cell. The electrochemical response is maintained in the initial and further cycling process. Such capabilities demonstrate that this model hold great promise for applications requiring flexible and bendable Li-ion batteries.

MnO2 nanowires were electrodeposited onto carbon nanotube (CNT) paper by a cyclic voltametric technique. The as-prepared MnO2 nanowire/CNT composite paper (MNCCP) can be used as a flexible electrode for electrochemical supercapacitors. Electrochemical measurements showed that the MNCCP electrode displayed specific capacitances as high as 167.5 F g-1 at a current density of 77 mA g-1. After 3000 cycles, the composite paper can retain more than 88% of initial capacitance, showing good cyclability. The CNT paper in the composite acted as a good conductive and active substrate for flexible electrodes in supercapacitors, and the nanowire structure of the MnO2 could facilitate the contact of the electrolyte with the active materials, and this increase the capacitance.

MnO2 nanowires were electrodeposited onto carbon nanotube (CNT) paper by a cyclic voltametric technique. The as-prepared MnO2 nanowire/CNT composite paper (MNCCP) can be used as a flexible electrode for electrochemical supercapacitors. Electrochemical measurements showed that the MNCCP electrode displayed specific capacitances as high as 167.5 F g-1 at a current density of 77 mA g-1. After 3000 cycles, the composite paper can retain more than 88% of initial capacitance, showing good cyclability. The CNT paper in the composite acted as a good conductive and active substrate for flexible electrodes in supercapacitors, and the nanowire structure of the MnO2 could facilitate the contact of the electrolyte with the active materials, and this increase the capacitance.

MnO2 nanowires were electrodeposited onto carbon nanotube (CNT) paper by a cyclic voltametric technique. The as-prepared MnO2 nanowire/CNT composite paper (MNCCP) can be used as a flexible electrode for electrochemical supercapacitors. Electrochemical measurements showed that the MNCCP electrode displayed specific capacitances as high as 167.5 F g-1 at a current density of 77 mA g-1. After 3000 cycles, the composite paper can retain more than 88% of initial capacitance, showing good cyclability. The CNT paper in the composite acted as a good conductive and active substrate for flexible electrodes in supercapacitors, and the nanowire structure of the MnO2 could facilitate the contact of the electrolyte with the active materials, and this increase the capacitance.

A thin-layer of polypyrrole (PPy) film, immobilized with neutral 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinato cobalt (II) (Co-TPP), was successfully and uniformly deposited onto mesoporous carbon fibre paper (CFP) via vapor-phase polymerization. The resulting PPy/Co-TPP-modified carbon fibre paper (PPy/Co-TPP-CFP) electrode was characterized by cyclic voltammetry, SEM and EDX-ray mapping. Its electrochemical stability and long-term electrocatalytic performance were investigated in a half-fuel cell testing system. The electrode displayed significant electrocatalytic performance for oxygen reduction at 0.0 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), with notable long-term stability.

MnO2 nanowires were electrodeposited onto carbon nanotube (CNT) paper by a cyclic voltametric technique. The as-prepared MnO2 nanowire/CNT composite paper (MNCCP) can be used as a flexible electrode for electrochemical supercapacitors. Electrochemical measurements showed that the MNCCP electrode displayed specific capacitances as high as 167.5 F g-1 at a current density of 77 mA g-1. After 3000 cycles, the composite paper can retain more than 88% of initial capacitance, showing good cyclability. The CNT paper in the composite acted as a good conductive and active substrate for flexible electrodes in supercapacitors, and the nanowire structure of the MnO2 could facilitate the contact of the electrolyte with the active materials, and this increase the capacitance.

The papers in this issue of Chemical Product and Process Modelling are substantially those that arose from special sessions on ``process simulation and control" (organised by Brent R. Young) and ``mathematical modeling" (organised by Mark I. Nelson) at the 34th Australasian Chemical Engineering Conference (held between 17-20th September 2006, in Auckland, New Zealand). The papers in this special issue are available at: http://www.bepress.com/cppm/vol2/iss2. The papers featured in this issue have been revised and extended from CHEMECA and re-reviewed before publication here.All the papers in this issue use mathematics. However, this special issue only features a small number of the presentations at CHEMECA that use mathematics. Mathematics finds many practical applications within chemical engineering and consequently presentations involving mathematics were featured in many special sessions throughout CHEMECA. Some of these presentations will appear in special issues elsewhere. In particular, the papers from every session that were nominated for the John Brodie award are appearing in a special issue of the Asian-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering.

The papers in this issue of Chemical Product and Process Modelling are substantially those that arose from special sessions on ``process simulation and control" (organised by Brent R. Young) and ``mathematical modeling" (organised by Mark I. Nelson) at the 34th Australasian Chemical Engineering Conference (held between 17-20th September 2006, in Auckland, New Zealand). The papers in this special issue are available at: http://www.bepress.com/cppm/vol2/iss2. The papers featured in this issue have been revised and extended from CHEMECA and re-reviewed before publication here.All the papers in this issue use mathematics. However, this special issue only features a small number of the presentations at CHEMECA that use mathematics. Mathematics finds many practical applications within chemical engineering and consequently presentations involving mathematics were featured in many special sessions throughout CHEMECA. Some of these presentations will appear in special issues elsewhere. In particular, the papers from every session that were nominated for the John Brodie award are appearing in a special issue of the Asian-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering.

The papers in this issue of Chemical Product and Process Modelling are substantially those that arose from special sessions on ``process simulation and control" (organised by Brent R. Young) and ``mathematical modeling" (organised by Mark I. Nelson) at the 34th Australasian Chemical Engineering Conference (held between 17-20th September 2006, in Auckland, New Zealand). The papers in this special issue are available at: http://www.bepress.com/cppm/vol2/iss2. The papers featured in this issue have been revised and extended from CHEMECA and re-reviewed before publication here.All the papers in this issue use mathematics. However, this special issue only features a small number of the presentations at CHEMECA that use mathematics. Mathematics finds many practical applications within chemical engineering and consequently presentations involving mathematics were featured in many special sessions throughout CHEMECA. Some of these presentations will appear in special issues elsewhere. In particular, the papers from every session that were nominated for the John Brodie award are appearing in a special issue of the Asian-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering.

The papers in this issue of Chemical Product and Process Modelling are substantially those that arose from special sessions on ``process simulation and control" (organised by Brent R. Young) and ``mathematical modeling" (organised by Mark I. Nelson) at the 34th Australasian Chemical Engineering Conference (held between 17-20th September 2006, in Auckland, New Zealand). The papers in this special issue are available at: http://www.bepress.com/cppm/vol2/iss2. The papers featured in this issue have been revised and extended from CHEMECA and re-reviewed before publication here.All the papers in this issue use mathematics. However, this special issue only features a small number of the presentations at CHEMECA that use mathematics. Mathematics finds many practical applications within chemical engineering and consequently presentations involving mathematics were featured in many special sessions throughout CHEMECA. Some of these presentations will appear in special issues elsewhere. In particular, the papers from every session that were nominated for the John Brodie award are appearing in a special issue of the Asian-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering.