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Post-Mao China is marked by priorities which unlike Maoist redistributive policies encourage and tolerate uneven regional development. But this approach has been under severe attack, and the Ninth Five-Year Plan (1996-2000) which calls for narrowing the regional gap signals that new policies are due. These changes reflect shifts in development philosophies and theories, which are overlooked by many existing studies which emphasize only policies and their outcome. This paper explores the thoughts and ideas that underlie post-Mao regional policy, by reviewing the Chinese literature on regional development from about 1985 to 1995. New applications of socialism and the influence of Western theories have helped to remove the stigma associated with uneven regional development, and have guided post-Mao regional policy which favors the more developed eastern region. But the uneven regional development policy is blamed for the escalation in regional inequality, outflows of resources from poorer inland provinces, and regional conflicts and protectionism. More recent research which advocates renewed attention on and regional diffusion to the inland region, has inspired a new generation of regional development models and has influenced urban and regional policy. Nevertheless, the theory of Chinese regional development continues to be constrained by the obligation to justify official policy, and a lack of attention to firms, enterprises, and the relations between production and space. La Chine d'apres Mao est caracterisee par des priorites qui, au contraire de la politique redistributive maoiste, encouragent et tolerent le developpement regional inegal. Mais cette approche a ete l'objet d'attaques virulentes, et le neuvieme Plan de Cinq Ans (1996-2000), qui demande une diminution des ecarts regionaux, indique qu'une nouvelle politique est necessaire. Ces changements refletent les variations dans les philosophies et theories de developpement que de nombreuses etudes ignorent au profit des politiques et de leur resultats. En faisant une revue de la litterature chinoise sur le developpement regional de 1985 a 1995, cet article explore les idees fondamentales de la politique regionale post-Mao. De nouvelles applications du socialisme et l'influence des theories occidentales ont aide a en lever le stigmate associe au developpement regional inegal, et ont guide la politique regionale post-Mao, qui favorise la region de l'est, qui est plus developpee. Mais la politique de developpement regional inegal a ete accusee de causer une escalation de l'inegalite regionale, une perte de ressources dans les provinces interieures les plus pauvres, des conflits regionaux et du protectionnisme. Les recherches plus recentes, qui attirent l'attention sur la region de l'interieur et recommandent la diffusion regionale aux terres de l'interieur, ont inspire une nouvelk generation de modeles de developpement regional et ont influence la politique urbaine et regionale. Neanmoins, la theorie du developpement regional chinois cst toujours limitee par l'obligation de justifier la politique officiele et par un manque d'attention aux entreprises et aux rapports entre la production et l'espace.

Hip fractures are among the most common orthopedic injuries requiring hospital admission. As the incidence of hip fractures increases, surgeons and administrators are increasingly challenged to provide care for these [...], Background: The increasing incidence of hip fractures in our aging population challenges orthopedic surgeons and hospital administrators to effectively care for these patients. Many patients present to regional hospitals and are transferred to tertiary care centres for surgical management, resulting in long delays to surgery. Providing timely care may improve outcomes, as delay carries an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the cases of all patients with hip fractures treated in a single Level 1 trauma centre in Canada between 2005 and 2012. We compared quality indicators and outcomes between patients transferred from a peripheral hospital and those directly admitted to the trauma centre. Results: Of the 1191 patients retrospectively reviewed, 890 met our inclusion criteria: 175 who were transferred and 715 admitted directly to the trauma centre. Transfer patients&apos; median delay from admission to operation was 93 hours, whereas nontransfer patients waited 44 hours (p < 0.001). The delay predominantly occurred before transfer, as the patients had to wait for a bed to become available at the trauma centre. The median length of stay in hospital was 20 days for transfer patients compared with 13 days for nontransfer patients (p < 0.001). Regional policy changes enacted in 2011 decreased the median transfer delay from regional hospital to tertiary care centre from 47 to 27 hours (p = 0.005). Conclusion: Policy changes can have a significant impact on patient care. Prioritizing patients and expediting transfer will decrease overall mortality, reduce hospital stay and reduce the cost of hip fracture care. Contexte: L&apos;incidence croissante des fractures de la hanche dans notre population vieillissante pose un defi aux chirurgiens orthopedistes et aux administrateurs hospitaliers qui souhaitent offrir des soins efficaces a ces patients. De nombreux patients se presentent dans des hopitaux regionaux avant d&apos;etre transferes dans des centres de soins tertiaires pour y etre operes, ce qui retarde la chirurgie. Fournir les soins requis en temps voulu pourrait ameliorer les resultats etant donne que tout retard s&apos;accompagne d&apos;un risque accru de morbidite et de mortalite. Methodes: Nous avons effectue une revue retrospective de tous les cas de fracture de la hanche traites dans un centre canadien de traumatologie de niveau 1 entre 2005 et 2012. Nous avons compare les indicateurs de qualite et les resultats entre les patients transferes d&apos;un hopital regional et les patients admis directement au centre de traumatologie. Resultats: Parmi les 1191 cas analyses retrospectivement, 890 repondaient a nos criteres d&apos;inclusion: 175 avaient ete transferes et 715 avaient ete admis directement au centre de traumatologie. Le delai median entre l&apos;admission et la chirurgie chez les patients transferes a ete de 93 heures, alors que les patients non transferes ont attendu 44 heures (p < 0,001). Le delai est principalement survenu avant le transfert, car les patients devaient attendre qu&apos;un lit se libere au centre de traumatologie. La duree mediane du sejour hospitalier a ete de 20 jours pour les patients transferes, contre 13 jours pour les patients non transferes (p < 0,001). Les changements apportes a la politique regionale en 2011 ont abrege de 47 a 27 heures (p = 0,005) le delai median avant le transfert des hopitaux regionaux vers le centre de soins tertiaires. Conclusion: Les changements de politiques peuvent avoir un impact significatif sur les soins aux patients. Prioriser les cas et accelerer les transferts reduiront la mortalite globale, abregeront les sejours hospitaliers et reduiront les couts associes au traitement des fractures de la hanche.

To purchase or authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.00446.x Byline: Bruce A. Blonigen (1), Van Kolpin (2) Keywords: H71; L2 Abstract: Abstract. Competition for firms by region has a long-standing history, and the academic literature has debated whether such competition is efficient. We develop a model that explores technology development by firms facing regional competition for their investment and examine the endogenous determination of region policy, firm technology, and agglomeration externalities. We find a new source of inefficiency - regional competition leads firms to inefficiently distort their development and selection of production technology to improve their standing in the regional competition for their investment. We show that these inefficient firm decisions on technology and location can also weaken agglomeration externalities. Abstract (Spanish): Technologie, agglomeration et concurrence regionale pour l'investissement. La concurrence pour les entreprises entre les regions a une longue histoire, et la litterature specialisee a beaucoup debattu pour determiner si une telle concurrence est efficiente. On developpe un modele qui explore le developpement de technologie par des entreprises qui font face a une concurrence interregionale pour leur investissement, et qui examine la determination endogene de la politique regionale, de la technologie de l'entreprise, et des effets externes d'agglomeration. On decouvre une nouvelle source d'inefficacite- la concurrence interregionale entraine les entreprises a modifier leur developpement et leur choix de technologie de production pour ameliorer leur capacitea tirer leur epingle du jeu dans la concurrence interregionale pour leur investissement. On montre que ces decisions inefficaces des entreprises tant pour la technologie que pour la localisation peuvent aussi reduire les effets externes d'agglomeration. Author Affiliation: (1)Department of Economics, University of Oregon (2)Department of Economics, University of Oregon

This article assesses contending regional perspectives on Pacific-rim divisions of labour based on a comparative study of production networks organized by three electronics firms (from Japan, the USA and Hong Kong) for manufacturing in the sub-regional context of Hong Kong and Shenzhen (PRC). The author argues that the flying geese model rightly discerns the possibility of upward mobility of late industrializing countries. This model, in combination with network analyses on the characteristics of Japanese firms, helps distinguish the developmental role of Japanese capital. However, the model has a disregard for the specific roles of US and overseas Chinese capital, and the filling of this gap can benefit from the regional rivalry perspective. The negative impacts of foreign investment are succinctly reflected in the regional dependence argument. Nevertheless, its exogenous bias needs to be avoided and the analysis of the endogenous factors, particularly the role of the state, can draw on the statist approach. As the regional economic reality is changing rapidly, future regional research will need to investigate how governments and firms develop strategies to cope with the continued Asian economic slow-down and political changes and reshape the regional political economy. Cet article, base sur une etude comparative de reseaux de production organises par trois entreprises d'electronique (du Japon, des Etats-Unis et de Hong-Kong) pour la fabrication dans le contexte sous-regional de Hong-Kong et Shenzhen, evalue les differentes perspectives regionales quant a la division du travail sur la bordure du Pacifique. L'auteur soutient que le module d' oies volantes' reconnait correctement la possibilite de mobilite sociale vers le haut dans les pays d'industrialisation tardive. Ce modele, allie aux analyses de reseaux des caracteristiques des firmes japonaises, aide a identifier le role du capital japonais dans le developpement. Neanmoins, il neglige les roles specifiques du capital des Etats-Unis et du capital d'outre-mer chinois. Les perspectives regionales rivales peuvent aider a remedier a cette lacune. Les effets negatifs des investissements etrangers sont refletes de facon concise dans le debat sur la dependance regionale. Neanmoins, son parti pris exogene doit etre evite et l'analyse des facteurs endogenes, en particulier le role de l'etat, peut faire appel a l'etatisme. La realite economique regionale change rapidement et les recherches regionales devront a l'avenir etudier comment les gouvernements et les entreprises developpent des strategies pour faire face au ralentissement de l'economie et aux changements politiques continus en Asie, et pour remodeler l'economie politique regionale.

Regional development policy no longer seems to be accorded the priority it previously received on the Canadian public policy agenda. Five reasons for the demise of regional policy are examined. Future directions for regional policy are discussed in light of the evolving political climate in Canada. The potential for geographers to contribute to policy debates by offering critical perspectives on proposed policies in the context of social science theory and analysis is addressed. La politique de developpement regional ne semble plus avoir la priorite d'autrefois sur la scene publique canadienne. L'auteur examine cinq raisons de ce manque d'interet et presente les orientations futures d'une politique regionale dans le contexte de l'evolution du climat politique canadien. L'article decrit l'opportunite offerte aux geographes de contribuer au debat en critiquant les politiques selon le cadre theorique et analytique de la science sociale.

Introduction L'arrivee en scene de luttes sociales articulees par des mouvements combatifs et diversifies dans la deuxieme moitie du vingtieme siecle est a l'origine de nombreuses reformes et innovations sociales [...]

On October 29, 1754, the Lords of Trade wrote to the Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia, Charles Lawrence, (1) and advised him that before deciding to deport the Acadians, it [...]

The objective of this article is to analyse public initiatives to stimulate regional innovation in Walloon region in Belgium and in the Province of Quebec. The empirical analysis relies on the competitive poles program in Walloon and on the ACCORD project (Action Concertee de Cooperation Regionale de Developpement) in Quebec. The comparison will allow discussing the implementation and regional embedding of these programs and will reveal the similarities and the differences between the structure, the organization and the deployment of these strategies in the various regions targeted. L'objectif de cet article est d'analyser des modes d'interventions pour stimuler l'innovation regionale mise en place en Region wallonne, en Belgique, et dans la province du Quebec au Canada. Uanalyse empirique porte sur le programme des poles de competitivite en Wallonie et le Projet ACCORD (Action Concertee de Cooperation Regionale de Developpement) au Quebec. La comparaison permettra de discuter de la mise en place et de l'ancrage regional de ces programmes afin de reveler les similarites et les differences entre la structure, l'organisation et le deploiement de ces strategies dans les differentes regions concernees., Introduction Depuis la derniere decennie, nous assistons a une multiplication des programmes et actions publiques pour stimuler l'innovation au niveau des regions. Dans l'ensemble, les orientations definies laissent prefigurer un [...]

Abstract Collaborative planning experiences aimed at revitalizing distressed communities point to three key elements for successful interventions. They are: an integration of the relevant activity sectors, the participation of social [...]

Laurent Godmer, Des elus regionaux a l'image des electeurs ? L'imperatif representatif en Allemagne, en Espagne et en France, Paris, L'Harmattan, coll. Logiques Politiques, 2009, 238 p. Au fil des [...]

This paper assesses the impact of the European Union's structural funds on the manufacturing sectors of 145 of its regions for the period 1989-2004. Each stage in the EU enlargement [...]

Abstract The aim of this paper is to see if positive economic growth is related to increase in the well-being of the populations by considering the case study of the [...]

In 1963, the ministere de l'Agriculture du Quebec directed the Eastern Quebec planning bureau (Bureau d'amenagement de l'Est du Quebec--BAEQ) to accomplish an unprecedented task: to create a Master Development Plan for the pilot territories in the Lower St. Lawrence, Gaspe and Iles-de-la-Madeleine regions. The plan was innovative in its preparation, through both the philosophy that shaped it and its methodology. In fact, the BAEQ appealed for the active participation of the communities directly affected to support the report it planned to submit to the government, to lessen the socio-economic disparities between Eastern Quebec and the rest of "La Belle Province." The BAEQ completed the project in June 1966, with the submission of a substantial report published in ten volumes and containing more than two hundred recommendations, including several proposals for a major reconfiguration of the political and economic framework in Eastern Quebec. The BAEQ was extremely prolific in its academic writings until the mid-1980s. Since then, sociologists, anthropologists and political scientists seem to have turned a blind eye to this research subject, as if an irrevocable verdict had been rendered against it. The BAEQ seems to have been the biggest failure of the Quiet Revolution, the prototype of the technocratic drift, the illustration of the failure of centralized development planning, and the embodiment of the government's lack of responsiveness towards citizens' demands. And yet, when we re-examine the BAEQ, we can now appreciate how this political experimentation left behind a legacy of social innovations that, over the years, have become an integral part of the government's processes. From this perspective, the BAEQ is seen in a different light : it is a crucial step in the history of public administration in Quebec, the direct and indirect fallout of which has profoundly re-shaped the logistics of territorial development in Quebec. En 1963, le ministere de l'Agriculture du Quebec mandate le Bureau d'amenagement de l'Est du Quebec (BAEQ) afin de realiser une experience inedite : l'elaboration d'un plan directeur d'amenagement pour les territoires pilotes du Bas-St-Laurent, de la Gaspesie et des Iles-de-la-Madeleine. Le BAEQ sollicitera la participation active des populations concernees afin d'etayer le rapport qu'il entend soumettre au gouvernement, pour attenuer l'ecart socio-economique qui separe l'Est du Quebec du reste de la << Belle province >>. Les travaux scientifiques portant sur le BAEQ auront ete fort prolifiques jusqu'au milieu des annees 1980. Depuis lors, la communaute scientifique boude cet objet de recherche, comme si un verdict irrevocable avait ete rendu a son egard. Le BAEQ aurait ete le plus retentissant echec de la Revolution tranquille, le prototype de la derive technocratique, l'illustration de la faillite de la planification centralisee du developpement. Une relecture du BAEQ nous permet pourtant d'apprecier comment cette experimentation politique laisse en heritage des innovations sociales qui, au fils du temps, se sont institutionnalisees dans les methodes de l'Etat. Vu sous cet angle, le BAEQ offre un nouveau visage : celui d'une etape cruciale dans l'histoire de l'administration publique quebecoise, dont les retombees ont profondement transforme la logique du developpement territorial au Quebec., << Il n'y a chose a traiter plus penible, a reussir plus douteuse, ni a manipuler plus dangereuse que de s'aventurer a introduire de nouvelles institutions. >> Machiavel, Le Prince [...]

Between 1945 and 1965, the Hamilton Farmers' Market was hailed as both an irreplaceable cultural and historical gem, and condemned as an antiquated institution not worth the land it occupied. [...]

The cluster concept has become very popular as a guiding principle for regional development policies. The objective of these policies is usually to support the local job market, and the [...]

Abstract In the European Union (EU), two major recent changes have been framing the development of agricultural regulation. First, a decentralization trend can be observed in most of the member [...]

Abstract Although public action always uses the term 'territory', it has difficulties in integrating social issues cast in territorial terms. The territory, defined as a space which has a 'sense' [...]

Abstract R. SUIRE: 'Creative Clusters and Relational Proximity: Territorial Performance in a Knowledge Economy'. [<< Cluster creatif et proximite relationnelle : performance des territoires dans une economie de la connaissance.>>] [...]

Abstract This essay introduces the articles in a special edition on the regional economies of British Columbia and sets them against a broad overview of contemporary economic trends and planning [...]

General 3713 Derman, B. Ferguson, A., Value of water: political ecology and water reform in Southern Africa. Human organization 62 3 2003 277-288 3714 Mcgregor, J., The Victoria Falls 1900-1940: [...]

Index of Articles Articles by Name of Author(s) Articles by Subject Arts Film Music Painting Performing Arts Popular Culture Television Comparative Literary Studies Economics Economic Policy Globalization Labor Relations NAFTA [...]

La mise en place de conditions-cadres favorables a l'investissement constitue un enjeu important pour le developpement regional Ces conditions definissent le contexte institutionnel dans lequel les entreprises evoluent. Elles jouent [...]

Du 1er juillet au 31 decembre 2000, la France presida le Conseil de l'Union europeenne (UE), et ce pour la onzieme fois depuis la creation de la troika et de [...]