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Author(s): Yoon Kyung Choi (corresponding author) [1, 2]; Takakuni Maki [1, 2]; Emiri T Mandeville [1, 2]; Seong-Ho Koh [1, 2, 3]; Kazuhide Hayakawa [1, 2]; Ken Arai [1, 2]; [...]

Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are thought to maintain homeostasis and contribute to long-term repair in adult white matter; however, their roles in the acute phase after brain injury remain unclear. Mice that were subjected to prolonged cerebral hypoperfusion stress developed white matter demyelination over time. Prior to demyelination, we detected increased MMP9 expression, blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage, and neutrophil infiltration in damaged white matter. Notably, at this early stage, OPCs made up the majority of MMP9-expressing cells. The standard MMP inhibitor GM6001 reduced the early BBB leakage and neutrophil infiltration, indicating that OPC-derived MMP9 induced early BBB disruption after white matter injury. Cell-culture experiments confirmed that OPCs secreted MMP9 under pathological conditions, and conditioned medium prepared from the stressed OPCs weakened endothelial barrier tightness in vitro. Our study reveals that OPCs can rapidly respond to white matter injury and produce MMP9 that disrupts the BBB, indicating that OPCs may mediate injury in white matter under disease conditions., Introduction In adult brains, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are thought to maintain homeostasis and mediate long-term repair in white matter after injury and disease (1). In response to demyelination signals, [...]

We describe a new permeameter to evaluate all components of a permeability tensor. The permeameter consists of a shorted microstrip line and a revolving coil, which can operate well up to 300 MHz. All [[mu].sup.r.sub.ij] (i, j = x, y, and z) of a relative permeability tensor of a magnetic thin film were evaluated by the permeameter. The measurements show that the sample has large off-diagonal components compared with diagonal ones, indicating that the examination of such off-diagonal components by the permeameter can be used to design new devices with high accuracy. Index Terms--Coil, magnetic thin film, permeability, permeability measurements, permeameter.

Cdc7 kinase, conserved through evolution, is known to be essential for mitotic DNA replication. The role of Cdc7 in meiotic recombination was suggested in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but its precise role has not been addressed. Here, we report that Hsk1, the Cdc7-related kinase in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, plays a crucial role during meiosis. In a hsk1 temperature-sensitive strain (hsk1-89), meiosis is arrested with one nucleus state before meiosis I in most of the cells and meiotic recombination frequency is reduced by one order of magnitude, whereas premeiotic DNA replication is delayed but is apparently completed. Strikingly, formation of meiotic dsDNA breaks (DSBs) are largely impaired in the mutant, and Hsk1 kinase activity is essential for these processes. Deletion of all three checkpoint kinases, namely Cds1, Chk1, and Mek1, does not restore DSB formation, meiosis, or Cdc2 activation, which is suppressed in hsk1-89, suggesting that these aberrations are not caused by known checkpoint pathways but that Hsk1 may regulate DSB formation and meiosis. Whereas transcriptional induction of some rec genes and horsetail movement are normal, chromatin remodeling at ade6-M26, a recombination hotspot, which is prerequisite for subsequent DSB formation at this locus, is not observed in hsk1-89. These results indicate unique and essential roles of Hsk1 kinase in the initiation of meiotic recombination and meiosis. Cdc7-related kinase | checkpoint control | chromatin remodeling | meiosis | meiotic recombination

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.12.050 Byline: Akihiko Muto, Ken-ichi Arai, Sumiko Watanabe Keywords: Rab11-FIP4; Retina; Zebrafish; Proliferation; Differentiation Abstract: Rab11 family interacting protein 4 (Rab11-FIP4) was initially identified in humans as an Rab11-binding protein, but its biological function has remained unknown. We cloned the zebrafish orthologue of Rab11-FIP4 (zRab11-FIP4) and analyzed its function in vivo by using antisense morpholino. zRab11-FIP4 was expressed as 2 alternative transcripts, i.e., the longer A-form predominantly expressed in neural tissues and the shorter B-form expressed ubiquitously; and in situ hybridization revealed that the A-form was the dominant form. In the developing retina, zRab11-FIP4 was expressed in progenitors throughout the retina at early stages; and then, along with the differentiation, the expression became gradually restricted to the ganglion cell layer and ciliary marginal zone. zRab11-FIP4A knockdown embryos exhibited eye phenotypes similar to those of the shh mutant, such as a small eye with impaired cell proliferation and the delay in cell-cycle exit and differentiation of retinal progenitors. The lack of induction of p57kip2 and enhanced expression of cyclin D1 were observed in the morphant retina. Importantly, the delay in cell-cycle exit was rescued by ectopic expression of either p57Kip2 or dominant-negative PKA, suggesting that Rab11-FIP4A plays pivotal roles in retinal development by regulating Shh signaling and a mechanism acting in parallel with Shh signaling in the control of cell-cycle exit. Author Affiliation: Department of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokane-dai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan Article History: Received 21 March 2005; Revised 21 December 2005; Accepted 22 December 2005

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.09.051 Byline: Hideto Koso, Yasuo Ouchi, Yoko Tabata, Yutaka Aoki, Shinya Satoh, Ken-ichi Arai, Sumiko Watanabe Keywords: Retina; Mouse; Progenitor cells; FACS; SSEA-1; Proliferation; Differentiation Abstract: Identification and expansion of retinal progenitor cells are critical issues from both scientific and clinical aspects. Here, we identified SSEA-1 (CD15) as a novel surface antigen that can be used to define immature retinal progenitor cells. SSEA-1-expressing retinal cells were found in the peripheral region of the early embryonic mouse retina, and then their number dramatically disappeared along with retinal development. FACS analysis showed that the cells strongly positive for SSEA-1 co-expressed Ki67 proliferation antigen in all the developmental stages examined. The SSEA-1-expressing cells formed larger colonies than the non-expressing ones in retinal re-aggregation cultures. Moreover, late onset of rhodopsin expression was observed in SSEA-1-positive progenitor cells, supporting the idea that these cells have an intrinsically immature character. Differential expression of Wnt signal-related genes between SSEA-1-positive and -negative subpopulations of retina cells was revealed, and the expression of constitutively active forms of Wnt signaling molecules resulted in a greater number of SSEA-1-positive cells. In light of all of the data taken together, we propose SSEA-1 to be a surface marker to define a regionally restricted immature subset of progenitor cells of mouse neural retina, with SSEA-1 expression by them positively regulated by Wnt signals. Author Affiliation: Department of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan Article History: Received 2 August 2005; Revised 16 September 2005; Accepted 30 September 2005

The role of stage-specific embryonic antigen-1 in defining immature retinal progenitor cells controlled by Wnt signals in mouse embryos is studied.

The role of Rab11-family interacting protein 4 in the growth of retina in zebra fish during embryonic development is studied.

This paper presents a new type of optical magnetic field probe designed to detect magnetic near-fields with high accuracy up to 15 GHz. The probe head consists of a loop antenna element and CdTe electrooptic crystals. The probe using CdTe has a resonant frequency higher than that of a previous probe using LiNb[O.sub.3] because CdTe has a dielectric constant lower than that of LiNb[O.sub.3]. Through an optical technique, a probe doubly loaded with CdTe can work as a conventional double-loaded loop probe without metallic cables or an electrical hybrid junction. We examined probe characteristics up to 20 GHz. We confirmed that the probe could measure magnetic fields near a microstrip line with high accuracy in the gigahertz range. Index Terms--Electromagnetic near field, hybrid junction, loop antenna, Pockels effect, probe.

This paper presents a new type of optical probe for simultaneous measurements of electric and magnetic near fields with high accuracy up to the gigahertz range. Its probe head consists of a loop antenna element that is doubly loaded with LiNb[O.sub.3] electrooptic crystals. Using optical technology, it can work as a conventional double-loaded loop probe without metallic cables and electrical hybrid junction. We examined probe characteristics for electromagnetic field detection up to 20 GHz. We confirmed that the probe can measure electric and magnetic fields simultaneously with a high accuracy in the gigahertz range. Index Terms--Electromagnetic near field, electrooptic (EO) crystal, loop antenna, Pockels effect, probe.

We propose a new type of optical probe designed to detect magnetic near-fields with high accuracy up to the gigahertz range. Its probe head consists of a loop antenna element doubly loaded with electrooptic crystals. Using optical technology, it realizes hybrid operation of a conventional double-loaded loop probe and requires no metallic cables or electrical hybrid junction. We examined probe characteristics for magnetic field detection up to 10 GHz. We confirmed that the probe can measure magnetic fields near a microstrip line with high accuracy in the gigahertz range and can suppress influence of electric fields. Index Terms--Electromagnetic near-field, electrooptic (EO) crystals, loop antenna, pockels effect, probe.

A solvatomagnetism-induced Faraday effect in cobalt hexacyanochromate is proposed. The faraday spectra are well reproduced by a simulation that consider the ligand field splitting, pin-orbital coupling and the ferromagnetic ordering.

Author(s): Xiaoying Wang (corresponding author) [1, 2]; Sun-Ryung Lee [1, 2]; Ken Arai [1, 2]; Seong-Ryong Lee [1, 2]; Kiyoshi Tsuji [1, 2]; G William Rebeck [3]; Eng H Lo [...]

In order to study lens-retina relationships during development, we cloned the zebrafish aA-crystallin cDNA and its promoter region. Using a 2.8-kb fragment of the zebrafish [alpha]A-crystallin promoter (z[alpha]Acry), we expressed the diphtheria toxin A fragment (DTA) in zebrafish embryos in a lens-specific manner. Injection of the z[alpha]Acry-DTA plasmid into eggs at the one-or two-cell stage resulted in the formation of small eyes, in which both lens and retina were reduced in size. In the DTA-expressing lenses, their fiber structure was disorganized, indicating that normal lens development had been abrogated. The neural retina also showed abnormal development, although this tissue did not express DTA. Lamination in the retina did not develop well, and molecular markers for the outer and inner plexiform layers were either abnormally expressed or absent. However, cell type-specific markers of ganglion and bipolar cells, as well as photoreceptors, were expressed in appropriate positions, indicating that initial differentiation of these retinal subpopulations occurred in the DTA-expressing embryos. Cell proliferation also proceeded normally in these embryos, although apoptosis was enhanced. These results suggest that the differentiated lens plays a critical role in the morphogenetic organization of retinal cells during eye development in zebrafish embryos. Keywords: Zebrafish; Diphtheria toxin; [alpha]A-crystallin; Lens; Retina

The first demonstration of a sandwich-type ferromagnetic RF integrated spiral inductor for the 2-GHz range is reported. Two ferromagnetic CoNbZr films were set to sandwich the spiral in order to enhance the amount of magnetic flux linkage across the coil current. The stresses given from the insulator to the ferromagnetic film were studied. The inductance L of 7.9 nH and the qualify factor Q of 12.7 were obtained for a 200 [micro]m x 400 [micro]m size four-turn rectangular spiral at f = 2 GHz. The inductance was better than that of an air core of the same coil size by 19%, and the Q was better by 23%. Comparison with the on-top magnetic film type was also discussed. Index Terms--Inductors, integrated circuit fabrication, magnetic films, magnetic resonance, magnetic susceptibility.

A new single-stranded DNA promoter functions effectively for E.coli RNA polymerase. Through the stimulation of SSB, the new single stranded DNA promoter (Frpo sequence) instructs the RNA polymerase to begin transcription at a definite site within Frpo. Transcription at Frpo also functions for preparing DNA replication since RNAs synthesized on SSB-coated single-stranded Frpo are practically elongated into DNA chains by DNA polymerase III holoenzyme.

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a bioactive phospholipid in serum, and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) have different functions in proliferation of myoblasts. The proliferation of undifferentiated myoblasts via the activation of LPA depends on the continuos expression of MyoD. bFGF stimulates the proliferation with the suppression of MyoD expression at the mRNA level. bFGF restricts the differentiation promoted by cell-cell contact. The mitogenic and anti-differentiation activities of LPA and bFGF are similar.

The γ chain of the interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor is an indispensable subunit for IL-2 binding and intracellular signal transduction. A monoclonal antibody to the γ chain, TUGm2, inhibited IL-2 binding to the functional IL-2 receptors and also inhibited IL-4--induced cell growth and the high-affinity binding of IL-4 to the CTLL-2 mouse T cell line. Another monoclonal antibody, TUGm3, which reacted with the γ chain cross-linked with IL-2, also immunoprecipitated the γ chain when cross-linked with IL-4. These results suggest that the IL-2 receptor γ chain is functionally involved in the IL-4 receptor complex., Functional high-affinity receptors for cytokines are generally complexes consisting of binding subunits (α chains) with low affinities to ligands and effector subunits (β chains) to transduce signals, both of which [...]

Characterization of the human interleukin-4 gene (IL-4) has revealed a unique11-base pair cis-acting element that is responsible for gene responsiveness to T-cell activation signals. This segment, also termed the P sequence, is locatedin the 5' region upstream from the IL-4 gene and has been localized to be between positions -79 and -69 from the gene transcription start site. Studies show that a DNA binding protein, NF(P), recognizes the P sequence and induces gene transcription in response to T-cell signals.

Cloning of an Interleukin-3 Receptor Gene: A Member of a Distinct Receptor Gene Family INTERLEUKIN-3, PRIMARILY PROduced by activated T cells, stimulates colony formation of multiple lineages (multi-CSF), maintains spleen [...]

A wireless magnetic motion capture system using an LC resonant magnetic marker was developed and has been studied. The positional error of the system caused by mutual inductance between the exciting coil and the LC marker was examined. It has been found that the impedance change of the exciting coil due to a resonance of the LC marker perturbs the strength of the magnetic field which is used for marker excitation. The more a marker approaches the exciting coil, the larger it becomes. This fluctuation induces an error in the marker signal which is measured by the pickup coils and is necessary for positional calculation. Then, the compensatory process in consideration of the mutual inductance has been employed for positional calculation in order to improve the positional accuracy. From the compensation, the absolute positional accuracy is less than 2 mm within 140 mm of the pickup coil array. Index Terms--Compensatory tracking, LC resonant magnetic marker, positional error, wireless motion capture system.

A wireless multi-motion capture system using five LC resonant magnetic markers has been developed and is demonstrated. Each marker has an individual resonant frequency, 157, 201, 273, 323, and 440 kHz, respectively. A new measuring technique is applied in order to reduce the acquisition time. In this new technique the markers are excited by a superposed wave corresponding to the all resonant frequencies, while the voltage signals induced through pick-up coils are separated in a frequency spectrum by FFT analysis. Regardless of the number of markers, the voltage amplitude for each resonant frequency can be easily obtained simultaneously and thus the proposed system can detect multiple markers. The positional accuracy for five markers is less than 2 mm within 100 mm of the pick-up coil array. Index Terms--FFT analysis, LC resonant magnetic marker, multi-marker, wireless motion capture system.

Highly accurate wireless motion capture system using LC resonant magnetic marker has been developed. The marker consists of soft magnetic core with wound coil and a chip capacitor without battery or electric wires, driven wirelessly by the action of electromagnetic induction. The system realized the position accuracy is less than 1 mm within the space of 150 mm from the pickup coil array. Compared with dc magnetic system, the proposed system is applicable for precision motion-capturing under optically isolated space without magnetic shielding because the system is not influenced very much by the earth field noise. Index Terms--Electromagnetic induction, LC resonant magnetic marker, motion capture system, wireless driving.

A magnetic micromachine capable of trailing a wire was fabricated. The micromachine was constructed of a permanent magnet, a copper tube, and a spiral shape made of a tungsten wire. The magnet was magnetized to the diametrical direction. When a rotational magnetic field was applied, the machine rotated and moved in a silicone oil. It was experimentally found that the blade angle of the machine that produced the largest thrust force was 45[degrees]. The micromachine was able to trail a wire in a narrow waterway simulating a blood vessel. These results show that the magnetic micromachine has great potential for navigating medical catheters. Index Terms--Catheter, magnetic field, micromachine.

Magnetic micromachines are driven by a magnetic field. They require no power supply cables, no batteries, and no controlling systems on the body of the machine. The magnetic micromachine of planar structure was fabricated with magnetic thin film. The size of this micromachine is 30 x 60 x 12 [micro]m. The micromachine swam at the rotational frequency of 1-10 Hz in the water with a kinematic viscosity of 1 [mm.sup.2]/s and a Reynolds number of 0.1-1. The magnetic torque required for rotating the micromachine was very small, and it was clarified that the value could be realized with a magnetic thin film. Index Terms--Magnetic field, magnetic thin film, micromachine, planar structure, propeller shape, Reynolds number.

The micropump with spiral-type magnetic micromachine was examined by experiment and analysis. In the experiment, when the magnetic field was applied only around the micromachine, the micromachine was fixed and rotated by the magnetic field gradient. This mechanism generated the pressure. The analysis was carried out with three-dimensional analysis. As a result, the analysis result agreed with the experimental one, and the maximum pressure produced by the 1-mm [phi] pump was 70 Pa. Therefore, this micropump could be used for application in very low Reynolds number conditions. Index Terms--Magnetic field, micromachine, micropump.

A finite-element method is applied to analyze the electromagnetic field and loss generation of a soft magnetic thin film on coplanar transmission line for which the dimension of the magnetic film is designed to control the center frequency and bandwidth of the radio-frequency (RF) electromagnetic noise attenuation at gigahertz range without external applied magnetic fields. The coplanar transmission line with characteristic impedance of 50 [ohm] has total width, width of signal line, and thickness of 400, 50, and 3 [micro]m, respectively. The change of the magnetic field distribution, the induced surface current density on the coplanar transmission line, and hence the RF noise suppression by soft magnetic films are significant as a function of the width (50-2000 [micro]m) and thickness (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 1 [micro]m) of the magnetic film. Index Terms--Coplanar transmission line, ferromagnetic resonance, finite-element method, RF noise suppression.

Hyperthermia is a therapeutic technique against cancer that attempts to necrotize cancer cells by heating. With this therapy, we proposed a 'soft heating' method that uses thermosensitive magnetic materials as heaters. We examined the structure of a hybrid heater for a high-powered soft heating method using a magnetic micromachine drive. Index Terms--Hybrid heater, hyperthermia, magnetic micromachine, soft heating.

Motion control of magnetic micromachines driven by magnetic fields was examined. To control the motion of the machines individually, the shape of each machine was controlled. Even if the applied field was uniform, one working machine could be selected by choosing the frequency of the field. Furthermore, the moving direction control was studied experimentally and theoretically. The radius of the turn of the machine was minimum at the applied field angle of 60[degrees] if the field was strong enough. Index Terms--Microelectromechanical devices, motion control, rotating machines, torque.

One of the important functions of a micromachine working in the human body is heating for local hyperthermia. A magnetic heating system was attached to a spiral-type magnetic micromachine. This machine could work in a gel and could heat over 50[degrees]C by applying a rotational magnetic field and an alternating magnetic field. This machine would be able to move in the internal organs and heat the tissues. In addition, transport capability of the machine was examined on the basis of the shape of the carried elements. Index Terms--Heating, medical treatment, microelectromechanical devices, rotating machines.

([Co.sub.35.6][Fe.sub.50][B.sub.14.4])-(Si[O.sub.2]) soft magnetic films with electrical resistivity of over 10 000 [micro][ohm]*cm (1 x [10.sup.-4] [ohm]m) were fabricated on glass substrates by using synchronous triple-RF magnetron sputtering. The magnetic properties, high-frequency permeability characteristics, and microstrure of the films were investigated. Maximum electrical resistivity of about 115 600 [micro][ohm]*cm (1.156 x [10.sup.-3] [ohm]m) was obtained with a large uniaxal anisotropy field [H.sub.k] of about 250 Oe, a hard axis coercivity [H.sub.ch] of 5.6 Oe, and a saturated magnetization 4[pi][M.sub.s] of 8.3 kG. The real part of the relative permeability [[mu]'.sub.r] was about 50, which exhibited a good flat frequency dependence up to 2 GHz. The resonance frequency was higher than 3 GHz. It was found that the heteroamorphous films had soft magnetic properties with high resistivity of over 10 000 [micro][ohm]*cm and high resonance frequency. The films are good candidates for core application in the gigahertz range. Index Terms--([Co.sub.35.6][Fe.sub.50][B.sub.14.4])-(Si[O.sub.2]) films, gigahertz range, heteroamorphous structure, high resistiviy, soft magnetism.

A concept to integrate a thin-film radio-frequency noise suppressor in a transmission line is demonstrated by using [Co.sub.85][Nb.sub.12][Zr.sub.3] amorphous film with the microwire array structure. The ferromagnetic resonance loss generation at high frequencies is essential to realize this idea. The degree of noise suppression is only less than 1 dB, which should be improved by optimum design to integrate the magnetic film. Index Terms--Electromagnetic compatibility, magnetic films, transmission line, UHF measurements, UHF propagation.

An RF integrated air-core inductor and a ferromagnetic thin-film inductor having a ferromagnetic film on top of the spiral have been microfabricated. An equivalent circuit of the RF integrated spiral inductor with ferromagnetic film has been derived to analyze the contribution of the permeability of the magnetic film to the inductance of the inductor. The scattering parameters (S-parameters) have been measured to derive the equivalent circuit parameters of the inductors. Using the amorphous [Co.sub.85][Nb.sub.12][Zr.sub.3] film with slots, the inductance increased and the capacitance between the magnetic film and the coil and between the magnetic film and the ground could be neglected up to 5 GHz. Index Terms--Ferromagnetic resonance, inductors, scattering parameters, transmission line measurements.

A study was conducted on the strain sensitivity of amorphous (Fe(sub 90)Co(sub 10))(sub 78)Si(sub12)B(sub 10) sputtered film to examine its potential for highly sensitive microstrain gauges. Results showed that the films had very high sensitivity to strain. It was found that the magnetic uniaxial anisotropy of the film is the key parameter which governs the strain sensitivity of the film where the induction of clear but small anisotropy is needed for achieving the high sensitivity to strain.

Fabrication of magnetic cores with narrow slits which have low eddy current loss for high frequency has been investigated. The magnetic cores with narrow slits of 1.5 [micro]m to 5 [micro]m in width were fabricated by the LIGA process which is composed of deep X-ray lithography using synchrotron radiation (SR) and Ni electroforming. Magnetic hysteresis loops and permeability of the magnetic cores with various slit widths and distances between slits were measured. Index Terms--Eddy current, high aspect ratio, LIGA process, magnetic core, micromachining.

A magnetic micro-machine, a minuscule device composed of a cylindrical body with a magnet and spiral blade, swims in liquid under the force of a rotational magnetic field. To obtain a machine capable of swimming through organs and blood vessels for medical applications, it must be designed on a scale below the mm order and retain its swimming capability under highly varied conditions. The swimming properties of a spiral-type magnetic micromachine were examined under various Reynolds number conditions by altering the kinematic viscosity of the liquid. The machine could swim in liquids with kinematic viscosities ranging from 1.37 to 5 x [10.sup.5] [mm.sup.2]/s, which translates into a Reynolds number from 430 to 6 x [10.sup.-7]. The Reynolds number of blood flow is within this range. In addition, the load torque for swimming was studied theoretically and experimentally. The results obtained suggested great promise for the development of a micro-machine that can be put to work inside the human body. Index Terms--Magnetic micro-machine, magnetic torque, swimming, Reynolds number.

Noise suppression in downsized circuits utilizing magnetic granular films is demonstrated. Films of Fe-Al-O with thickness of 2 [micro]m which exhibit very high [micro]' dispersion in the quasimicrowave band were found to work as noise suppressors. The films were attached onto a micro-strip line and the transmission characteristics were compared. This work is the first to verify that films with only 2 [micro]m thickness can play a role in suppression of high frequency conduction noise in the quasimicrowave band. The results suggest a possibility of thin film noise suppressors which can be integrated into micron scale semiconductor circuits. Index Terms--Conduction noise-suppression, EMC, ferromagnetic granular film, transmission characteristics.

Presently, an inductor adapted at MMIC (Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit) which is used for cellular phone or PHS operates at quasimicrowave range over 800 MHz. However, a W-CDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) will use about 2 GHz range. Therefore magnetic film devices should be compatible up to 2 GHz. We deposited Co-Pd-Al-O system film using rf sputtering method which is expected for operating at 2 GHz, and investigated the effect of Pd content and magnetic field annealing. When Pd composition is 19%, [H.sub.k] was 118 Oe, and showed flat frequency characteristics until 1.5 GHz. The Q factor (=[micro]'/[micro]') was 23.3 at 1 GHz, 6.7 at 1.5 GHz and 1.5 at 2 GHz, respectively. Resonance frequency was 2.9 GHz. Therefore Co-Pd-Al-O thin film could be used at over 1 GHz, and also expected as an inductor material for next generation MMIC. Index Terms--Complex permeability, ferromagnetic resonance, granular film, MMIC.

Highly resistive (CoFeB)-(Si[O.sub.2]) films for magnetic core of 1 GHz driving inductor were deposited on glass substrates by synchronous dual-rf magnetron sputtering. Permeability characteristics in the range of a few GHz were investigated. The thickness effect on the reciprocal of the loss factors of tan [Delta] ([[micro]'.sub.r]/[[micro]'.sub.r]) were investigated at 1 GHz. The film exhibited the maximum value of ([[micro]'.sub.r]/[[micro]'.sub.r]) of 5.7 for film thickness d = 0.1 [micro]m, with relative permeability of 120-150 and resonance frequency [f.sub.r] = 1.6-1.9 GHz. The result shows good potential for magnetic core of 1 GHz driving inductor. Index Terms--(CoFeB)-(Si[O.sub.2]) films, GHz range, high resistivity, low loss factor, magnetic core, permeability.

The magnetic properties of Fe-based amorphous films are thought to be highly sensitive to strain due to the large saturation magnetostriction and soft magnetic properties exhibited by the films. This is why patterned FeCoSiB films exhibit a large variation in their high-frequency impedance when strain is applied. To increase the sensitivity of strain sensors, it is very important to control the magnitude of magnetic anisotropy. We propose a method to control the magnetic anisotropy by stress bias annealing. By applying stress during annealing, we were able to control the anisotropy along the width of the patterned film. A strain sensor using a transverse-anisotropy-induced film pattern exhibited a figure of merit F [approximately equals] 8300, while a sensor without anisotropy exhibited the F of only 500. Index Terms--Anisotropy control, high-frequency impedance, magnetostrictive film, strain sensitivity.

Magnetic strips aimed at high-frequency carrier-type magnetic field sensors were studied by using various strip widths in a carrier frequency range of gigahertz to obtain conditions for large impedance change. The impedance change was attributed to a magnetic resonance effect. It was shown that dc magnetic field regions at which the maximum change of impedance occur for wide strip elements were closely related to the applied carrier frequencies as expected theoretically. The dc magnetic field for the maximum sensitivity decreased as strips become narrow. Index Terms--Ferromagnetic resonance, GHz band carrier, high-frequency carrier, magnetic field sensor, narrow strip, thin film.

Postdoctoral researchers play an important role in the rapid dissemination of information and new techniques, fueling the advancement of science and the development of interdisciplinary fields. In the United States, [...]

Three dimensional finite element method (3D-FEM) simulations have been used to study the possibility of magnetic film utilization to make GHz frequency band inductors. A simple structure of a flat magnetic film above a spiral coil gained about 65% inductance increase. Granular type soft magnetic films showed the best results. Index Terms--finite clement method, MMIC, soft magnetic films, thin film inductor.

(110) grain growth and magnetic properties in thin grain-oriented silicon sheets with ultimately low loss were investigated. A final-annealing at 1150 [degrees] C for 20 min enables us to obtain the thin sheets covered with only (110) grains and consequently the magnetic induction at 800 A/m, [B.sub.8], reached 1.9T. Index terms--final-annealing condition, magnetic induction at 800 A/m, (110) grain growth, thin-grain-oriented silicon sheets

Magnetic properties of thin 3% (100) textured silicon steel sheets with low loss were investigated. Annealing at 1200 [degrees] C in sulfur atmosphere enabled us to obtain the thin sheets containing only (100) grains and consequently the coercive force reached 10 A/m. We, further, advanced the production method of thin (100) textured silicon sheets by using sulfur in solution instead of a sulfur atmosphere, Index terms--Coercive force, (100) textured grains, sulfur, thin silicon steel sheets.