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Copyright of International & Comparative Education is the property of International & Comparative Education Editorial, Beijing Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International & Comparative Education is the property of International & Comparative Education Editorial, Beijing Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences / Chung-kuo ko Hsueh Yuan Yuan Kan is the property of Institutes of Science & Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper details the research work carried out over some 35 years at the University of Canterbury's research station near Rolleston in mid-Canterbury New Zealand on radar meteors and their radiants; on the ionic processes that control the duration of both radar and visual long enduring trains; radar work on the aurora; and an extensive programme of radar work mapping the details of the dynamics of the Earth's mesosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frontier scientific discoveries increasingly rely on big-science research infrastructures, such as supercolliders, synchrotron light sources, and space telescopes, whose construction and operation involve intensive international collaboration. This collaborative nature, however, presents a challenge in balancing national interests with the common good, particularly given the substantial fiscal investments involved. This study investigates the effects of one of China's prominent big-science infrastructures, the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), on the country's production of science, differentiating between national and international scientific endeavors. Employing a rigorous difference-in-differences (DID) methodology, it evaluates SSRF's effects on discipline-level production of publications by domestic researchers and those involving international collaboration. The empirical findings reveal compelling evidence that SSRF has significantly enhanced the production of high-impact national and international publications for disciplines reliant on the facility for experiments, particularly increasing the percentage of high-impact national publications. The findings also underscore the dual role of big-science infrastructures in fostering international research collaboration while simultaneously enhancing nations' domestic scientific development and competitiveness. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for research assessment and science policy discussions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frontier scientific discoveries increasingly rely on big-science research infrastructures, such as supercolliders, synchrotron light sources, and space telescopes, whose construction and operation involve intensive international collaboration. This collaborative nature, however, presents a challenge in balancing national interests with the common good, particularly given the substantial fiscal investments involved. This study investigates the effects of one of China's prominent big-science infrastructures, the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), on the country's production of science, differentiating between national and international scientific endeavors. Employing a rigorous difference-in-differences (DID) methodology, it evaluates SSRF's effects on discipline-level production of publications by domestic researchers and those involving international collaboration. The empirical findings reveal compelling evidence that SSRF has significantly enhanced the production of high-impact national and international publications for disciplines reliant on the facility for experiments, particularly increasing the percentage of high-impact national publications. The findings also underscore the dual role of big-science infrastructures in fostering international research collaboration while simultaneously enhancing nations' domestic scientific development and competitiveness. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for research assessment and science policy discussions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite being defined in the West as alternative medicine and often seen as incommensurable with biomedicine and bioscience, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has, paradoxically, assimilated into dominant spaces of knowledge production and legitimation, such as the International Classification of Diseases. In Australia, TCM comprises a designated area of cooperation with China, and TCM research is carried out in numerous universities by otherwise mainstream scientists. Focusing on the Australian case, we examine how and why TCM has transcended scientific skepticism to become an object of scientific study. Through interviews with Australian TCM researchers (n = 10), we identify aspects of TCM that function as conceptual and material boundary objects, facilitating its uptake in bioscientific disciplines. Furthermore, we locate TCM research in the wider context of Australian-Chinese knowledge exchange, highlighting the role of "coordinating boundary objects," such as institutional agreements, in enabling scientific work, as well as the supportive role performed by boundary actors who translate across social worlds. By illustrating how these objects/actors enact TCM research in Australia, as well as their interdependence, the paper contributes a deeper understanding of the operation of boundary objects in international scientific collaboration and the factors determining the scientific success of this alternative medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cappadocia Journal of Education (KAPED) is the property of Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Big Data is the property of Journal of Agricultural Big Data Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Scientific diplomacy involves the use of scientific and technical collaborations to foster international relations and to address global challenges. It promotes collaboration between nations through joint research and innovation projects, knowledge-sharing, and the application of scientific advancements to tackle shared issues and challenges in national and international contexts like climate change, public health crises, and technological innovation. France is a key player in international scientific organizations and agreements, emphasizing the importance of scientific and technological collaboration in addressing global issues. Materials and Methods: The primary source of data utilized in this scientometric study was the Web of Science citation database. The extracted data were recorded and analyzed using Excel software. Results: This study shows the state of French scientific collaborations separately from each of the five continents. On the continent of America, France collaborated with 32 countries, with most scientific collaborations taking place with the United States, Canada, Brazil, Mexico, Chile, and Argentina. In Europe continent, France engaged in scientific collaborations with 49 countries, including Germany, the United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, Belgium, the Netherlands, etc. Similarly, in Asia continent, France fostered scientific relationships with 36 countries, consisting of China, Japan, India, and South Korea emerging as its most prominent partners. On the African continent, France also established scientific collaborations with 49 countries, especially with Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, and South Africa. Finally, in the Oceania continent, France maintained scientific ties with 8 countries, especially with Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, Fiji, and Vanuatu. Conclusion: The current research shows that France has a rich tradition of engaging in science diplomacy and international collaboration, emphasizing on multilateralism and cultural influence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the second half of the nineteenth century, geologists created the International Geological Congress (IGC) to achieve the methodological and terminological uniformity that they thought their science lacked. Their desire to standardize their practice and their use of the conference to do so was neither new nor unique. Although late nineteenth-century international conferences have been recognized as important arenas of standardization, relatively little is known of the ways in which conferences organized standardization negotiations. This article aims to fill this gap by exploring how the IGC practically and socially organized standardization work. It appears that the session hall was not the sole and not even the main stage of geological standard-setting. The standardization process was also enacted through comparative study and informal exchanges that regular visits to purpose-built comparative geological exhibitions made possible. Relying on a sophisticated apparatus of commissions and subcommittees, the IGC also socially organized standards negotiation beyond the space and time of the triennial sessions. By tracing the material, spatial and social practices engineered through the IGC to serve geological standardization, this article unboxes the conference process and in so doing enriches our understanding of the period's wave of standardization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences / Chung-kuo ko Hsueh Yuan Yuan Kan is the property of Institutes of Science & Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Biology Teaching is the property of East China Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, we study how research topics and trends have evolved in the field of the science of team science (SciTS). Over the past 12 years, the International Science of Team Science conference has been making efforts to understand and enhance the processes and outcomes of collaborative team science. We argue that the sessions and papers in academic conferences are the best way to reflect the latest research trends. Based on the panel sessions and submitted papers in conference programs during 2010–2019, this study tracks the featured topics and how they have evolved in the field. We extracted terms from the titles of the sessions and papers, and visualized the research hotspots, research topics, and how they have evolved for analysis. We found that the research hotspots are constantly changing, and the research topics present evolutionary characteristics, such as continuation, split, and fusion. Additionally, we examined the models and case studies of team science, the characteristics and dynamics of teams, the interdisciplinary research dynamics in team science, team science education and training, and how team science is measured and evaluated. These results summarize the major research trends and opportunities in the SciTS field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Extracellular vesicles, particularly those derived from stem cells, have demonstrated promising potential in osteoarthritis in recent years. However, there has been no bibliometric analysis focusing on the relationship between extracellular vesicles and osteoarthritis. This study aimed to investigate trends and hotpots of publications on extracellular vesicles in osteoarthritis. Methods. This study collected publications on extracellular vesicles in osteoarthritis from the Web of Science Core Collection database, focusing on English‐language articles and reviews. Quantitative and visual analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel, R shiny, SCImago Graphica, VOS Viewer, and CiteSpace. The data set comprised information on keywords, authors, institutions, journals, and the country or region of the included literature. Journal impact factors and H‐index values were obtained from the 2021 Journal Citation Reports and SJR‐International Science Ranking. Furthermore, we conducted a frequency analysis of annual publications number and fitting curves of the growth trends in the publications. Moreover, we conducted a citation burst analysis of the top 20 keywords and a related bibliometric analysis (word frequency analysis and cocitation analysis) using CiteSpace. Results. A total of 715 documents were analyzed. The number of publications increased annually from 2012 to 2022. China had the highest number (n = 394, 55.1%) of publications and total citations during the decade, followed by the United States (n = 105, 14.7%). Shanghai JiaoTong University contributed the highest number of publications (n = 28, 3.9%). Wang Y has the highest number of publications (n = 40, 5.6%), and Stem Cell Research & Therapy is the journal with the highest number of publications (n = 64, 9.0%). The hotspots of extracellular vesicle research in recent years are umbilical cord blood, drug delivery, and scaffolds. Conclusion. Our findings indicate an increase in publications on the topic in utilizing extracellular vesicles in the context of osteoarthritis. Extracellular vesicle therapy for cartilage regeneration and repair of bone defects in osteoarthritis holds significant potential. Future research will focus on the development of novel drug delivery systems that utilize extracellular vesicles, the creation of novel biomaterials that incorporate extracellular vesicles, and the potential of extracellular vesicles as early diagnostic markers of disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International science education reforms seek to support teachers in using everyday assessment to draw out and work with student ideas; however, developing these instructional practices requires time and support. This paper investigates how a professional development program supported high school chemistry teachers to learn about formative assessment design with a learning progression for modelling energy. Five high school chemistry teachers participated over the course of one academic year, attending bimonthly school-based sessions in which they designed, enacted, and reflected upon formative assessment tasks. We used qualitative methods to analyze recordings of professional development meetings, videorecorded classroom observations, and interviews. Findings suggest that the professional development approach supported teachers' learning about tools and routines of formative assessment with the learning progression, and in turn, they were able to apply this learning in their classroom practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep ocean sediments document past environmental changes over space and time. The information gleaned from such deposits allows scientists to test climate models that are used to predict future climate change. However, the causes and consequences of changing climate can be unraveled only if geological data from different regions are synchronized in time so that lead‐lag relationships can be properly established. Synchronization of geological archives across regions requires precise and accurate age models, but available age models are often not sufficiently accurate to rigorously test causality arguments. We therefore propose to launch an international, coordinated effort to revise and recalibrate the dating tools available to paleoclimatologists—that is, the local and regional information obtained from bio‐, magneto‐, and chemo‐stratigraphy as well as radioisotopic geochronology—with the synchronizing tool of astrochronology. Cross‐fertilization of expertise is needed to generate new age models for sediment records from which key climate events have been or can be reconstructed. We expected this initiative could make a significant contribution to the understanding of Earth history, biotic evolution, and particularly, Earth's climate history. Plain Language Summary: Geological records allow scientists to better understand how the natural climate system operates over time and space, but obtaining reliable information requires exact knowledge of the timing of past climate events. Currently, many important climate archives are not sufficiently well synchronized to confidently draw connections between data from different localities. Here we call to the international science community to launch the Time Integrated Matrix for Earth Sciences (TIMES) program with the aim to accurately synchronize age models for critical geological climate records of the last 100 million years. Key Points: Timing is important for comprehending Earth's biological and climatic processes shaping evolution, extinction, and recoveryKey climate proxy records of the last 100 million years are not sufficiently synchronized across regionsA coordinated effort is needed to synchronize regional and global climate proxy records to unravel causes and consequences of climate change [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glaciologist Rob DeConto's research on polar climate change, specifically focusing on glaciers and ice sheets, is discussed in this article. DeConto explains the differences between Antarctica and Greenland and the challenges of understanding how the Antarctic ice sheet will behave in a warmer world. He also discusses the potential dangers of marine ice sheet instability and the impact of melting ice shelves on sea-level rise. The article emphasizes the uncertainties surrounding the rate of sea-level rise and the need for further research in this area. It highlights the term "deep uncertainty" used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to describe the situation and the conservative nature of current projections. The author emphasizes the need for action to address the melting of ice sheets, as it poses a threat to infrastructure worldwide. [Extracted from the article]

The International Journal of Science Education published a seminal paper by Bruce V. Lewenstein and Ayelet Baram-Tsabari on organizing science communication trainings. This special issue is a response to comments from international science communicators on the original paper. The authors proposed a framework based on learning theory, threshold concepts, learning progressions, and communities of practice to enhance science communication training. Various papers in this issue explore further applications and enhancements to the framework, including considerations for cultural diversity, Indigenous Knowledge, and addressing negative responses to scientific topics. [Extracted from the article]

International science and technology (S&T) cooperation is one of the important ways to ensure the continuous development of a national innovation system. "One Belt One Road" advocates the concepts of common business, common construction, and sharing, and new countries and regions are constantly added. However, different countries/regions have different natural and socio-economic characteristics, so the main controlling factors affecting their international S&T cooperation may not be the same. Therefore, this paper uses a combination of multi-source data and multiple methods to collectively construct an assessment model of the driving effect of international S&T cooperation in Xinjiang. The evaluation results of the entropy-weighted TOPSIS model show that the contributions of S&T level, city nature, and S&T investment to international S&T cooperation in Xinjiang are 22.9%, 22.3%, and 20.4%, respectively. Singapore, Germany, and Russia are the top three countries in terms of the effectiveness of international S&T cooperation with Xinjiang. The results of the STIRPAT model show that the total number of R&D personnel and the number of R&D personnel per 1000 workers are the main factors affecting the driving effect of international S&T cooperation. The former can be regarded as the stabilizer of international S&T cooperation. This paper's findings can provide theoretical support for the efficient integration of diverse advantageous resources among cooperating subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Militärgeschichtliche Zeitschrift is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study aimed to examine the alignment of the standards of Trends in International Science and Mathematics Study (TIMSS) with the fourth-grade Cambridge Mathematics curriculum from the perspective of mathematics teachers and supervisors in the Sultanate of Oman. To achieve these goals, a sample of 616 female teachers and supervisors (584 female teachers, 32 supervisors) responded to the list of TIMSS standards. The study showed that the alignment between the list of standards and the curriculum was acceptable in general, as well as for all dimensions of the standards except for the measurement standards, which showed a high alignment level. Results showed that the algebraic expressions had the lowest alignment level. The study recommended reviewing some topics in the Cambridge Mathematics curriculum and modifying them to align better with the TIMSS standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Leisure Time Research / Laisvalaikio Tyrimai is the property of Lithuanian Sports University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

An experimental science curriculum for primary school was introduced in Croatia for the 1st time in the 2023/24 school year. This is taking place against the backdrop of a shortage of teachers from various science subjects, especially physics. They are increasingly being replaced by non-professional teachers, often those with a Master of Primary Education, which gives access to the profession of primary junior grade teacher. In this study, the subject matter knowledge (SMK) in science of 44 pre-service teachers aiming for the above-mentioned degree is examined using the SMK test. The test contains 40 trends in international mathematics and science study (TIMSS) items from the 4th-grade science content domain Physical Science and allowed us to compare the achievement of our respondents with the achievement of pupils who participated in the TIMSS assessments. The results show that the percentage correctness of the pre-service teachers on the SMK test was statistically significantly higher than that of the 4th-grade pupils. However, the correlation coefficients showed that the pre-service teachers had greater difficulties with the items with which the pupils had greater difficulties, and vice versa. This applies in particular to the items on forces and motion and to the items from the cognitive domain of reasoning. The reason for the unsatisfactory science SMK of our respondents could be the incompatibility of the university science curriculum with the demands placed on pupils in the relevant school subjects and international science assessments such as TIMSS. The results of this study confirm and extend the contribution of existing research and should serve as a basis for subsequent research as well as for the design of a further course of science education reform in Croatia and in the countries of the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Diversitas Journal is the property of Diversitas Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This instrumental case study (Stake, 1995) explores the external factors that influence international science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) postdoctoral scholars in the United States to pursue a career in STEM. Interviews with 20 international STEM postdoctoral scholars were analyzed deductively to shed light on their unique backgrounds and experiences. Three themes emerged: (a) parents were highly encouraging, (b) a love of science was nurtured in school, and (c) they were eager to engage in and promote scientific innovation. These findings illustrate the ways in which family, schools, and community influence the STEM career trajectories of international postdoctoral scholars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years historians have revisited the creation of the United Nations (UN) system by highlighting the enduring influence of Empire and recognizing the substantial role of cultural and scientific actors in wartime international diplomacy. The British biochemist Joseph Needham, who participated in the creation of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), was one of them. Yet, if historians have recognized his role as the leading architect of the sciences at UNESCO, they still fall short of engaging with the Chinese and imperial geography of his involvement with UNESCO. During the Second World War, Needham was stationed in war-torn China. As director of the Sino-British Scientific Cooperation Office, Needham not only organized Sino-British scientific cooperation against the Japanese invasion, but his mission inspired his engagement for a reform of international science and fueled an international campaign that led him to become the director of UNESCO's Natural Science division after the war. By reconstructing his campaign in context, this article seeks to demonstrate how the imperial and transnational scientific networks of the wartime era fostered the creation of a scientific mandate for UNESCO. It situates Needham's activism and ideas in the context of the Sino-Japanese war, imperial wartime technocracy, and China's scientific nationalism. In so doing, it reveals a string of forgotten partners from China and the British Empire. Their conception of a reorganized international science and shared belief in modern science and its ideal of universality shaped Needham's vision for science at UNESCO, while their activism contributed decisively to the success of his campaign. This inquiry hence participates in recent efforts to challenge the existing Eurocentrism corseting the historiography of the UN and expands the historiography of scientific internationalism beyond Europe and North America. Importantly, it also contributes to uncovering the technocratic ties established between Empire and the UN system from its onset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Probabilistic thinking underpins a wide range of scientific claims, but effectively communicating probabilistic information across audiences is challenging. In this article, we present a political–institutional approach to science that harnesses the social relationships between the people working as scientists and the public using scientific innovations. First, we show how we learned to use games and local analogies to effectively communicate probabilistic seasonal forecasts of weather and crop yields with farmers, extension workers, and water managers in Ethiopia. Second, we show how workshops—the unglamorous institutional workhorse of international development and scientific enterprises—became warmhearted events when organized around the fundamental fact of social connections between researchers and the community members and between the community members themselves. Scientists in an international scientific collaboration may not be able to become longstanding members of every community, but our approach to workshopping—and to research networks—allowed us to be engidoch (in English, guests), to tap into rich social ties to harness the humor, goodwill, and commitment that is hard to muster when scientists engage with community members as unconnected, nameless "workshop participants." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovation has become the core driving force of economic development and the fundamental guarantee for all countries to keep a foothold among powerful countries. As an important part of the national innovation system, innovation park construction is also the innovation highland that supports regional development in China. This paper systematically summarizes the practical experience of innovation in Silicon Valley and Bangalore software base in India, and put forward such suggestions as combining efficient markets with effective government, strengthening industrial chain, gathering international high-end talents, improving the mechanism for transforming scientific and technological achievements, and accelerating venture capital investment, combined with the main problems existing in the development of innovation park in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the crowded landscape of conferences and organizations within which the International Foundation for Science (IFS) was shaped in the early 1970s. The IFS aimed to support scientists from developing countries, circumventing the bureaucracy of established international organizations such as UNESCO and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The new foundation was a potential rival to such institutions, which ironically provided the conditions essential to its emergence. Their conferences, board meetings and assemblies, where scientists and policy makers convened, provided key infrastructure for the development of the IFS. This infrastructure appears simultaneously both as an almost invisible feature of international science policy, and as a political problem. The solution to this problem was Stockholm: a geographical place that was also placeless, occupying both national and international status, desirable in its political, scientific and geographical neutrality. In an organizational context, academies and scientific societies who found their role circumscribed by existing international institutions used the IFS to argue for their particular role and expertise in funding and promoting scientific development. Geographically and politically, neutral Sweden provided a setting which was located between East and West, and which added to the country's own reputation for championing the causes of developing nations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Knowledge of scientific inquiry (SI) is considered essential to the development of an individual's Scientific Literacy (SL) and therefore, SI is included in many international science education reform documents. Two previous large scale international studies assessed the SI understandings of students entering middle school and secondary students at the end of their formal K-12 science education. The purpose of this international project was to use the VASI-E to collect data on what primary level students have learned about SI in their first few years of school. This study adds to previous research to bridge the landscape of SI understandings now with representation from primary, middle and high school samples. A total of 4,238 students from 35 countries/regions spanning six continents participated in the study. The results show that globally, primary students are not adequately informed about SI for their age group. However, when compared with the students in the previous international studies (grades seven and 12), the primary students' understandings were surprisingly closer to the levels of understanding of SI of the secondary school students than those in the seventh grade study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Significant collaborations with research partners in China are seen in many Western countries. With increasing US-China geopolitical tensions, governments, research institutions, and individuals in established scientific systems are increasingly required to address a proliferating array of risks and challenges associated with collaboration with China. Academic researchers are only beginning to describe how countries are responding to the ongoing need for global scientific collaboration amidst intensifying geopolitical competition. Several studies have examined the securitization of scientific connections with China in the USA, while others have documented developments in nations such as Australia, the UK, and Sweden. However, there is limited comparative research on approaches to international science amid geopolitical tensions. This paper bridges the gap, illuminating the key dimensions of variation in country-level responses by comparing the cases of Sweden and Australia. The questions we ask are as follows: Who responds to the challenges? By what means? And to what ends are responses directed? Swedish government have been largely passive, but Swedish funding agencies have developed "responsible internationalisation" guidelines that aim to induce proactive reflection by institutions and individual researchers. Australia's approach, by contrast, has centred on legislation, the exercise of ministerial powers, along with sector-wide enactment of expanded due diligence protocols. The comparison highlights key differences in the actors, methods and goals of responses to the intensifying geopolitics of scientific collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences / Chung-kuo ko Hsueh Yuan Yuan Kan is the property of Institutes of Science & Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of South Architecture / Nanfang Jianzhu is the property of South Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Faced with international science and technology competition, strengthening information, communication, and technology (ICT) use has become the core goal of science education. Many studies have revealed that teachers' professional development programs could influence ICT use. However, whether the relationship could be mediated by teachers' knowledge, beliefs, and instructional practice remains unclear, especially in the context of China. Based on the Sociocultural Model of Embedded Belief Systems, a hypothesized model from teachers' professional development to ICT use that meditated by science teachers' knowledge, beliefs, and instructional practices was constructed. With the Structural Equation Model (SEM) method, 131,134 Chinese primary science teachers were surveyed to detect the interrelationships among the factors in the model. The path analysis revealed that: (1) Science teachers' professional development has not positively influenced ICT use, while science teachers' knowledge, beliefs, and instructional practices could significantly influence science teachers' ICT use; (2) Science teachers' knowledge, beliefs, and instructional practices not only respectively play a mediating role but also play a chain mediating role in the process of teachers' professional development influencing ICT use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In situ resource utilization (ISRU) activities are receiving increasing attention, both from space agencies and among the international science and industrial community. Prominent examples of ongoing ISRU space programs are the NASA Artemis program and the Terrae Novae program run by the European Space Agency. In technical sciences, there are at least three groups of activities related to ISRU: prospecting bodies in the context of space missions, technological investigations related to surface infrastructure and operations, and conceptual analyses of future mining activities. The present paper belongs to the third group and brings new insights into a potential open pit mine operating on the Moon. There are several novel contributions: the definition of the objectives of the mine, based on economic indicators; a conceptual description of a pit architecture dedicated to excavating ilmenite-rich feedstock; and a qualitative and quantitative description of the chosen processes and the mine's topology. In the paper, there are also added links to other papers connected with ISRU activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As electric vehicle adoption accelerates and demand increases, the inability to produce batteries in sufficient quantities has emerged as a critical bottleneck in the electric vehicle supply chain. Given the impending climate change crisis, resolving this bottleneck is imperative to accelerate the transition to a zero-emission electric mobility future. One potential solution is the use of robotics for fast and cost-effective assembly of batteries at scale. This study proposes a three-stage digital twin design and analysis method to develop robotic workcells for fast and cost-effective assembly of electric vehicle battery modules. Using digital twin design and simulation, robotic assembly line configurations have been developed for battery module production at different scales. Digital twin analytics was used to evaluate and optimise the proposed robotic battery assembly system for speed and cost. Industrial automation experts were consulted to further improve robotic work cell layouts to minimise investment in robots. Because digital twins of robotic workcells have been used, the configurations of the battery assembly line, as designed and validated, are ready for immediate implementation. For practitioners, this study offers heuristic methods to determine the appropriate assembly line configuration, the required number of robots and humans, for a desired production volume. For researchers, this study outlines promising areas for future investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents creative methodologies for studying the emotionally charged environment of school buildings, with particular attention to situated movements and modes of engagement after the Covid pandemic. Drawing on digital-sensory methods and futuring practices, developed in collaboration with staff and students in a UK secondary school, we present a series of speculative architectural models and living maps. Our approach is informed by Bruno Latour's concept of the Terrestrial as a metamorphic zone that includes the built environment, with connections to contemporary architecture and design practices. We use techniques in speculative cartography and cosmography, creating maps and models that show how students negotiate the affective atmosphere and social-material ecology associated with school buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate, efficient and stable prediction of thermal displacements generated during spindle machining is essential for improving machining quality, increasing economic efficiency and ensuring production safety. Aiming at the existing thermal displacement prediction models with low precision and poor robustness, this paper put forward a prediction model based on the Bald Eagle Search (BES) algorithm optimized Least Squares Support Vector Machine (LSSVM). Firstly, the experimental platform was built to carry out the spindle thermal deformation experiment and collect the experimental data. Then use K-means clustering method to classify the temperature measurement points, and combine with gray correlation analysis to calculate the size of the correlation between each point and thermal displacement, comprehensive analysis of the classification results and the size of the correlation, from the 10 points preferred 4 points. After that, the BES algorithm, which has strong searching ability in the global range, is chosen to optimize the internal parameters of LSSVM, and the prediction model based on BES-LSSVM is constructed by learning the nonlinear correlation characteristics between the spindle temperature and axial thermal displacement. Finally, it is compared with the prediction model using BES algorithm to optimize support vector machine and the prediction model using sparrow search algorithm to optimize LSSVM respectively. The comparison reveals that the predictions output from the BES-LSSVM model have better accuracy and stability. The results of the study can provide a certain knowledge base and technical support for the effective prediction of spindle thermal displacement changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]