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New morpholinium surfactants with a carbamate fragment between the amphiphile head group and its hydrophobic tail (CnMB-carb, where n = 8, 10, 12, 14, 16) were synthesized. The cmc values obtained by tensiometry for dodecyl, tetradecyl, and hexadecyl homologues are 3–4 times lower than those of 4-alkyl-4-methylmorpholinium bromides. The introduction of a carbamate fragment can be considered as tool for controlling cmc values. The calculation of the thermodynamic parameters of micellization, i.e., Gibbs free energy of micellization (∆Gmic), enthalpy of micellization (ΔHmic), entropy of micellization (ΔSmic), were carried out based on the temperature dependences of specific electrical conductivity as a function of surfactant concentration. It was determined that the aggregation of cationic surfactants is driven by the entropy and ΔG(CH2) is equal to 3.26 kJ/mol. The cmc values determined by fluorimetry were approximately two times lower than those obtained by tensiometry and conductometry, probably due to the ability to identify premicellar aggregates. Using the spectrophotometry, a twofold increase in the solubilization capacity of C16MB-carb (0.036 molOOT/molsurf) was established in comparison with a non-functionalized morpholinium surfactants with the same tail length (0.019 molOOT/molsurf). The "closed bottle test" showed that the degree of CnMB-carb biodegradation reaches 56.7–62.3%. It was found that the antimicrobial activity of the surfactants increases with the lengthening of the hydrocarbon tail with maximum activity for the tetradecyl homologue. In addition, dose-dependent activity of C14MB-carb and C16MB-carb on the cell wall, cell membrane, and membrane potential of Staphylococcus aureus was shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aggregation behavior of mixed micellar solutions based on 2-hydroxyethylpiperidinium surfactants and nonionic surfactant Brij® 35 was investigated. The critical micelle concentrations determined by varying the component ratio suggest a negative deviation from the ideal mixing model (synergistic effect). It was demonstrated that the magnitude of the deviation from ideal mixing behavior depends on the alkyl chain length in the cationic surfactant and on the component ratio. The solubilization effect of the binary systems on hydrophobic substances was evaluated taking Orange OT dye and ibuprofen drug as examples. It was found that the piperidinium surfactants studied, both individually and in compositions containing up to 50% of the nonionic surfactant, exhibit high antimicrobial activity comparable to that of commercial antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract—A platform for monitoring and analysis of the seismogenic processes is described. The platform consists of two separate GISs. The first system, Web GIS Prognosis, downloads and processes data from remote servers and is used in the systematic Web earthquake prediction and preparation of a project for further analysis. The second system, spatiotemporal GIS GeoTime 3, provides opportunities for detailed study of the data prepared in the GIS Prognosis. Examples of the data analysis results on this platform are presented. The potential of systematic observation of the seismological situation in the GIS Prognosis is demonstrated by the example of California. Using the GIS GeoTime, the efficiencies of the methods for estimating the earthquake epicenter density fields when predicting earthquakes in Kamchatka are compared and it is shown that adaptive weight smoothing yields the best result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract—A solution to the problem of compiling decision rules for determining possible oil and gas fields in the territory of Western Siberia by the method of monotonic functions is proposed. The method is based on a model in which the decision rule is sought in the class of monotonic functions on the feature space. This method was applied first to solving the binary classification problem when choosing the type of operation for patients with prostate cancer. In this paper, an example of applying the method to the classification problem in geosciences is considered. The results of the method showed quite high estimates of the probability of identifying possible deposits, with fairly low error probabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of microemulsions based on oleic acid and Tween 80, modified with piperidinium surfactants, have been obtained and characterized. The effect of additives on the size, stability, and solubilization effect of the formed systems with respect to hydrophilic (rhodamine B) and hydrophobic (indomethacin) substances have been investigated. Varying of the components ratio has allowed preparation of the microemulsions with strongly different viscosity: from easy-flowing formulations to gels. Kinetic parameters describing release of the substrates from the microemulsions have been obtained. In vivo tests of the anti-inflammatory action of the microemulsions loaded with indomethacin have shown that the presence of piperidinium surfactants enhances the therapeutic effect of the drug. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper concerns the examination of four types of alcohol-based refractory coatings with one and the same viscosity with graphite particle sizes of 60 µm, 80 µm, 100 µm and 120 µm and with the same viscosity. Different particle sizes are obtained by grinding and the coating is applied by immersion in the suspension of sand matrix samples. Results about microhardness and roughness of the coatings are obtained. They show that as the size of the graphite particles decreases, the microhardness increases and the roughness decreases. The dependency of the microhardness on the particle size has an almost linear character, and the roughness is an increasing exponential function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper concerns casting properties (gas permeability and friability) of samples applied with refractory coatings with dimensions of the refractory filler - 60 µm, 80 µm, 100 µm and 120 µm respectively. The investigated coatings are designed to prevent the formation of sintering effect during the production of iron alloy castings (steel and cast iron). The base, on which those paints are applied represents standard test samples for determining the casting properties of moulding and core mixtures made of corning sand. The obtained results show that the increase of the size of the graphite particles leads to an increase in gas permeability and it almost does not affect friability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Systematic prediction of earthquakes is regularly performed with step Δt in a predetermined zone of analysis. At each step, the training sample of target earthquake epicenters is supplemented, and new data about the seismic process is downloaded. The data is processed, converted into grid-based fields, and the machine-learning program calculates a solution using all available data from the starting time of training to the moment t* of the forecast. The result is a map of the alarm zone in which the appearance of the epicenter of the target earthquake is expected in the interval (t*, t* + Δt]. At the next step, the learning interval is increased by Δt. Training is based on the method of the minimum area of alarm. The mathematical model of the method makes it possible to select the outliers in the grid-based fields that precede target earthquakes, which may be precursors of earthquakes, to compare these outliers to each other, and then to use similar outliers in the forecast. The model introduces restrictions to the class of prediction decision rules. This helps counterbalance the small number of strong earthquakes used for training. In our previous works, the forecast quality was assessed by the proportion of detected target events at an assigned average value of the alarm zone. This work generalizes the method of the minimum area of alarm to improve another characteristic of forecast quality: the probability that at least one target event occurs in the projected alarm zone. The difference between the methods is that at the moment t* of the forecast, two decisions are made: forecast in time and forecast in space. The first decision determines the possibility of the occurrence of an earthquake epicenter with a target magnitude in the prediction interval. If it is decided that the target event is likely to occur, then a map with an alarm zone is calculated. A target earthquake is predicted if its epicenter falls into the calculated alarm zone. Predictive modeling is carried out for the regions of Kamchatka and California. An earthquake catalog is the initial data for Kamchatka. For the region of California, the data from an earthquake catalog and GPS time series are used. The results have shown quite high estimates of the probability of detecting target events and very low estimates of the probability of forecasting a target event epicenter occurrence in the alarm zone. At the same time, the estimates of the probability of systematic prediction are much higher than those for random fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of an analysis of the space–time characteristics and dynamics of precipitations of magnetospheric electrons with energies in the range from 0.1 to 0.7 MeV are presented. According to the data on electron fluxes measured by vertical and horizontal detectors on the Meteor M2, POES-18, and POES-19 satellites, particle precipitations were identified that corresponded to an event recorded during the balloon experiment carried out by the Lebedev Physical Institute on February 2, 2015. Precipitations were found at L-shells from 4 to 8 over the wide MLT range. During the event under study the regions in the near-equatorial magnetosphere have been determined, where the mechanisms are predominantly active, which are responsible for the scattering of electrons and their invasion into the Earth's atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is generally accepted the vegetation of the North-Western Caspian Plain include to the desert zone. The purpose of the article is to justify the belonging of the vegetation of this area to the steppe zone. The descriptions of vegetation on ecological-topological profiles on three key sites carried out in 1961 and 2008 are compared. Comparative analysis of plant communities revealed changes that occurred in almost half a century. It is established that the composition of the vegetation remains the presence the steppe turf grasses on light chestnut and brown-steppe soils and extra zonal of xero-halophytes on solonetz soils. The constant participation of turf grasses in the addition of communities gives grounds to refer the vegetation cover of the North-Western Caspian Plain to the subzone of the southern desert steppes of the steppe zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we substantiate of the possibility of reducing the weight and size characteristics of electric drives operating under high loads. To solve the problem, a geared motor design was developed. Unlike the existing analogues, the proposed design solutions are based on the use of wave transmission with intermediate rolling bodies, which allows obtaining high values of the gear ratio at small dimensions. The results obtained may be used in the development of small-sized electric drives for moving parts of robotic and mechanical systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the paper, a new approach to identifying zones with rare anomalous manifestations of geological processes is proposed. The approach is based on two one-class classification methods of machine learning: the method of minimum area of alarm and the method of preference. The algorithm of minimum area of alarm is nonparametric. It is trained on a sample of anomalous events and computes the field of anomalous zones. The knowledge obtained by this method is non-verbalized. The method of preference allows approximating the obtained solution by a rather simple logical rule that defines the anomalous region in terms of analyzed properties of the geological environment. Examples of this approach to finding areas of possible foci of strong earthquakes and to make a regional forecast of deposits are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract—The effectiveness of earthquake prediction using the method of the minimum area of alarm when aftershocks are removed from the earthquake catalogs is evaluated. Testing was performed using the catalogs of earthquakes in Japan and the Mediterranean over the 1988–2019 period. The results of prediction of target earthquakes with aftershock sequences and the prediction of only main shocks obtained by the grid fields that were calculated from the full catalogs and the catalogs with the aftershocks removed are compared. This testing shows that the removal of aftershocks from the catalog of target earthquakes decreases the prediction quality. This may occur due to the decreasing number of training examples. Removal of aftershocks from the earthquake catalog to calculate the fields of prediction features makes sense if there is strong aftershock activity in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Absolute and relative content and composition of fatty acids, total lipids, and phospholipids, as principal constituents of cell membranes, were examined on vegetative buds of deciduous trees and shrubs throughout the summer and autumn–winter seasons under climatic conditions of the cryolithozone of Yakutia. Lipid metabolism was found to play an essential role in plants' adaptation to low autumnal and winter temperatures in the permafrost zone of Yakutia. The content of phosphatidylcholine in leaf buds of the birch Betula pendula Roth and the shrub Alnus alnobetula subsp. fruticosa (Rupr.) Raus increased throughout the observation period from 9.9 to 23.4 mg/g dry wt. In the autumn–winter period, the composition of fatty acids in the bud lipids of both species was characterized by a high content of unsaturated C18:2 and C18:3 acids. Biosynthesis of fatty acids in buds of deciduous trees and shrubs at a low temperature was apparently controlled by ω3-desaturase, whose activity elevated the content of α-linolenic acid from 2.9 to 5.7 mg/g in B. pendula and from 1.6 to 4.8 mg/g dry wt in A. alnobetula subsp. fruticosa. The seasonal decrease in air temperature was accompanied by an increase in the unsaturation coefficient (k) from 0.9 to 2.3 in B. pendula and from 1.4 to 1.8 in A. alnobetula subsp. fruticosa. It is proposed that the high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the autumn–winter period in vegetative buds of the examined woody plants is determined by a complex of climatic factors of the permafrost zone, such as a sharply contrasting day and night temperatures during plant dormancy, extremely low air temperature in winter (down to –60°С), and a short daylight period at this time of the year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses the principles of developing a hierarchical system of units for zoning the coastal zone and shelf of the World Ocean based on bionomic (ecosystem) features are discussed. A number of scientific and applied problems require zoning of ecoregions (sea basins) at the regional and topological levels. A system of units is proposed, taking into account the zonal, depth-related, and azonal features of ecoregions. The main initial unit of bionomic zoning is the underwater landscape. As an example of regional and topological zoning, the morphological structure of landscapes of three districts of the Japanese coastal region of the Sakhalin orogenic region of the Japan Sea is considered. The hierarchical system of units of bionomic zoning makes it possible to identify landscape analogues. In practical terms, this zoning may help to predict the introduction of useful species and forecast the risk of invasion by harmful species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The composition of lipids and fatty acids (FAs) and changes in their content in needles of summer- and autumn-vegetating conifer trees growing in the cryolithozone of Yakutia have been studied by thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. A comparative analysis of the content of total lipids (TL) and phospholipids (PL) has been carried out, and the FA composition of TL in needles of Pinus sylvestris L. and Picea obovata Ledeb. has been determined for summer and autumn periods. In the course of adaptation to low autumn temperatures of the Yakutian cryolithozone, the TL content in needles of P. sylvestris and P. obovata significantly (by 30%) increased compared to the summer season. During this period, the phosphatidylcholine content in needles of both species also increased from 13.8 to 31 mg/g dry wt. For both species, the FA lipid composition of needles included a high content of species-specific unsaturated polymethylene-interrupted fatty acids (Δ5-UPIFA). Increase in the content of TL, PL, total FA, and Δ5-UPIFA observed during a temperature drop significantly exceeds that in plants of these species growing in other parts of Siberia. This fact is probably caused by features of low-temperature adaptation of plants in permafrost ecosystems of Yakutia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of organophosphate (OP) pesticides in agriculture, in addition to the existence of chemical warfare nerve agents and their possible use in terrorist acts is a significant threat to populations all over the world. Moreover, treatment of OP poisoning is still imperfect. Here, we studied the effect of blockade of metabotropic GABA-B receptors by compound CGP55845 (10 μM) on the force of muscle contractions when cholinesterases are inhibited by paraoxon. It was shown that CGP55845 prevented the decrease in the force of diaphragm muscle contractions caused by paraoxon ex vivo. Moreover, for in vivo experiments, GABA-B receptor blocker CGP36742 at the doses 30 and 100 mg/kg was used. It was shown that CGP36742 is able to reduce the lethality of mice after OP challenge. Thus, GABA-B receptor blockers can be considered as additional medications, which can complement the current therapy of acute poisoning by cholinesterase inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present results of numerically modeling the magnetic, electric, and acoustic fields of a pass-through EMA transducer of longitudinal waves by the finite element method in the COMSOL Multiphysics software environment. The main approaches used in the modeling are described. The influence of structural gaps between the EMA transducer and the test object on the magnitude and distribution of eddy current density, as well as the main and interfering components of a bias field have been investigated. The influence of operating frequency on acoustic field parameters has been analyzed. Recommendations are given on the choice of transducer's operating frequency and probing-pulse quality factor needed to shape the required diagram of displacements relative to the object diameter and to assess the sensitivity to surface and internal defects located at different depths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Longitudinal ultrasonic pulse propagation over the cross section of an elliptic cylinder is modeled for the case of transmission–reception of waves by a contactless electromagnetic acoustic transducer along the cylinder envelope. Modeling is based on ray approximation and finite-element method. Formation of series of multiple reflections within the cross section of an elliptic cylinder is studied both theoretically and experimentally. New informative parameters of determining the cylinder ellipticity by the mirror-shadow electromagnetic acoustic method of multiple reflections are justified: the modulation period of a series of multiple reflection pulses, the delay time of reflected pulses, and the probabilistic-statistical characteristics of the data array of multiple reflection series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mobilization hub inserted into an external fixator was developed for the treatment of fractures of the distal epimetaphysis of the radius bone. The hub was designed in a three-dimensional solid-body modeling system. Experimental prototypes were made of ABS plastic by 3D printing. Cadaver experiments showed that with the device carrying the mobilization hub, the range of movements was not statistically significantly different from the range of passive movements in the intact joint. The X-ray-transparent material used for the hub provides unimpeded visualization of the fracture site and wrist joint. Single use of the hub is proposed, as it can be made using inexpensive plastic and 3D printing, while batch production is by pressure casting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We compared the composition and content of fatty acids (FAs) in the liver, muscles, and subcutaneous fat of Yakut horses inhabiting extreme environment in the Cryolithozone. Essential linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids, supplied to horses with their food, were accumulated in different tissues. Linoleic acid was accumulated in the liver but alpha-linolenic acid was accumulated in muscle and subcutaneous fat. Such a distribution indicates different roles of these fatty acids in the metabolism of horses. Yakut horse meat is a valuable dietary product owing to its fatty acid composition and content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new geoinformation technology for monitoring the hydrometeorological situation in the Arctic is considered. This technology combines two levels of the geodata analysis. The first level supports automatic loading and processing of data, providing the operator with simple tools of the analysis with an intuitive interface and visual representation of results available to a wide range of users. The second level is designed for the comprehensive analysis of hypotheses that experts can formulate at the first level. The monitoring platform has two software applications: (1) climatic processes in the Arctic and (2) operative and forecast conditions in the regions of the White and Barents seas with the possibility of analyzing the environmental threats during extraction and transportation of hydrocarbons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper describes the goodness-of-fit test based on binomial probability distribution, which reduces to a sequence of bilateral hypothesis test for the value of the probability distribution function with different values of its argument. It is shown that each element of this sequence is unbiased locally by the most powerful test. This paper proposes an algorithm for calculating the significance level, free of probability distributions. The quality of this test is evaluated by numerical modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Results of the research of dependence between the structural states of 40Kh-steel bar samples obtained with different modes of thermal processing and the velocity of longitudinal, transverse, and Rayleigh waves are presented. The mirror-shadow multiple reflection method with the use of dedicated pass-through and attachable electromagnetic-acoustic transducers was employed. A connection between the wave velocity and the ultimate strength, yield point, plasticity, and rigidity of the examined samples is demonstrated. Dependences of the acoustic wave velocity on mechanical tensile stresses are presented. The acoustoelastic coefficients are determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We studied seasonal changes in the content and ratio between photosynthetic pigments in one-yearold needles of Scotch pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) growing in Central Yakutia. Maximum accumulation of chlorophylls in developed young needles occurred in July when light and temperature conditions were favorable. In this period, the needles were notable for a relatively high level of β-carotene and neoxanthin and a reduced content of lutein and the pigments of violaxanthin cycle (VXC). In the course of autumn hardening, the content of chlorophylls decreased two times. Total content of carotenoids remained the same, but pigment composition considerably changed when plants progressed from a vegetating to frost-resistant state. We revealed time and temperature ranges of variation for individual carotenoids. In the beginning of hardening at reduced and low abovezero temperatures, the content of β-carotene in the needles decreased, the pigment-protein complexes (PPC) became enriched in lutein, the pigment pool of VXC gradually increased, and the content of neoxanthin transiently rose. When average daily air temperature further decreased to near- zero values, the content of zeaxanthin sharply rose. In winter, high levels of lutein and zeaxanthin were maintained. Main changes in pigment complex of the needles of P. sylvestris were completed before the coming of steady below-zero temperatures. The obtained data suggested that, upon seasonal decrease in temperature in early stages of hardening, a decrease in the level of chlorophyll promotes a reduction in the quantity of absorbed radiant energy. Apparently, this is accompanied by activation of the role of lutein and neoxanthin that perform specific photoprotective functions in antenna PPC associated with a gradual decrease in plants' ability to quench singlet energy of excited chlorophyll. Accumulation of zeaxanthin as a result of inhibition of back reaction of epoxidation at near-zero temperatures creates necessary prerequisites for turning on the mechanisms of steady dissipation of absorbed light energy, which do not depend on transmembrane proton gradient of thylakoids. At the same time, zeaxanthin can perform antioxidant functions both in PPC and in the lipid phase of thylakoid membranes. The obtained data point to an adaptive nature of the observed reactions and a specific role of individual pigments in structural and functional reorganization of photosynthetic machinery in the course of development of frost-resistance in the needles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract. The authors consider the problem of determining the values of collective expert evaluation of alternative decisions on the basis of models whose structure is described by fragments of the Kolmogorov-Gabor polynomial. The approach is proposed that allows us to formalize the uncertainly of the definition of model parameters of multifactor evaluation based on fuzzy intervals; to define collective fuzzy estimates of alternatives and use them to range the alternatives in accordance with the decomposition of fuzzy intervals at the α-levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Space-frequency filtering and filters based on Fourier images of Gaussian and Morlet wavelets are used to synthesize microstructure images with fractal properties. Ways of analyzing the local fractal properties of structures, based on evaluating the fractal dimension in a small sliding window, are proposed and studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coders/decoders that are used in RAM to enhance the data storage reliability on exposure to single nuclear particles are analyzed. If the numbers of check bits are equal, a Hsiao decoder has a lower signal propagation delay than a decoder of the modified Hamming code. A decoder of the extended Hsiao code with additional check bits has the lowest delay among all decoders. When Hsiao decoders with units with a truncated correction circuit, a symmetrically simplified circuit for error vector calculation, and a circuit forming the error signal without the use of the error vector are used in RAM, the critical path lengths and the occupied chip area may be reduced if the detection of triple errors is excluded. The equal efficiency of Richter decoders and coders/decoders obtained through optimization based on genetic algorithms is substantiated for SEC-DAEC codes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A model of the formation of a series of multiple reflections due to the propagation of acoustic waves that are radiated by an electromagnetic-acoustic trough transducer over the elliptical cross section of a bar is proposed. The impact of the deviation from a round cross section on the informative parameters of the obtained oscillogram is studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fatty-acid (FA) compositions of total lipids from the aerial parts of two newly studied horsetail species, Equisetum scirpoides and E. arvense, and the refined FA composition of E. variegatum growing under the distinctly continental climatic conditions of Yakutia were compared. All three species were shown to be 16:3-type plants according to the contents of the corresponding acid. Acids of the Δ-5 family that were characteristic of evolutionally ancient taxa were identified among the fatty acids. Juniperonic acid occurred in tissues of all studied species; taxoleic acid, in tissues of E. scirpoides, where its content was ~6% of the total acids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the growth of gallium arsenide epilayers on the surface of single-crystal NiSb having metallic conduction. The gallium arsenide epilayers were grown by molecular beam epitaxy under conditions typical of the fabrication of homoepitaxial structures. Structural and morphological characterization of the GaAs films showed that the growth process involved a transition from a textured polycrystal to a more ordered layer with a well-defined system of diffraction spots in its electron diffraction pattern, indicative of an epitaxial process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rats were subjected to antiorthostatic hindlimb unloading for 35 days. Using immunofluorescent techniques, we found increased intensity of fluorescence and decreased area of staining of acetylcholine receptors and the increased intensity and area of staining of acetylcholinesterase in neuromuscular synapses of 'fast' and 'slow' muscles. Changes in the ratio of the number of acetylcholine receptors on the postsynaptic membrane and acetylcholinesterase and the alterations in their spatial location relative to each other in neuromuscular synapses of 'fast' and 'slow' muscles were also observed. These modifications are in accordance with the electrophysiological data on the decreased amplitudes of miniature end plate currents in both muscles. They were accompanied by a decrease in the volume of muscle fibers. Antiorthostatic unloading, a model of hypogravity, resulted in increased functional activity of acetylcholinesterase associated with decreased area of the postsynaptic membrane occupied by acetylcholine receptors, which led to a decrease in the amplitude of postsynaptic excitatory potentials and thus, to the decreased reliability threshold of excitation transmission from a nerve to a muscle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method for electrochemical deposition of a two-component Ce1-xZrxO2 system on stainless steel substrate that is attractive from catalytic point of view is proposed. As reported in the literature, it is a promising carrier layer for the production of catalytic converters for purification of exhaust gases containing NOx and CO. This system is modified by electrodeposition of a thin film of cobalt oxide over it. A series of samples of the Ce1-xZrxO2/COxOy system was produced with various concentrations and proportions of the components. These samples are characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS, XPS and PCC (partial electrocatalytic curves) of CO oxidation and of NOx reduction. Based on the obtained results, it has been concluded that the electrodeposited two-component Ce1-xZrxO2 system is a solid solution with composition, structure, and physicochemical properties that make it suitable for use as active phase carrier for catalytic oxidation of CO and reduction of NOx. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a lattice calculation of the renormalized running coupling constant in symmetric (MOM) and asymmetric $ \left( {\widetilde{\mathrm{MOM}}} \right) $ momentum substraction schemes including u, d, s and c quarks in the sea. An Operator Product Expansion dominated by the dimension-two 〈 A〉 condensate is used to fit the running of the coupling. We argue that the agreement in the predicted 〈 A〉 condensate for both schemes is a strong support for the validity of the OPE approach and the effect of this non-gauge invariant condensate over the running of the strong coupling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recombinant cyclodextrin glucanotransferase JCGT8-5 (CGTase, EC 2.4.1.19) was effectively immobilized by adsorption on magnetically-modified particles. Silicates (montmorillonite and halloysite), natural supports (oat straw, wheat bran, banana peel, sawdust, hazelnut and peanut shell, coffee beans, tea leaves, algae Chlorella vulgaris) and activated carbon were engaged as carriers, as the most of them were used for the first time for enzyme adsorption. The immobilization capacities of the carriers entrapping ultra-concentrate or purified enzyme were determined. Binding yields reached from 50% to 90% of the initial enzyme quantity. The analysis of the formed cyclodextrins (CDs) revealed that the highest amount of total CDs was obtained by the use of halloysite particles (10.1 mg/ml), followed by sawdust (8.6 mg/ml), algae (8.6 mg/ml) and peanut shell (8.2 mg/ml). A high degree of starch conversion into CDs, ranging from 21 to 25% was achieved for 20 min starch hydrolysis. Variations in -CD: a-CD: ß-CD ratios due to the immobilization on the different carriers were observed. The six-fold reuse of the magnetic biocatalysts containing purified recombinant CGTase bound to halloysite, washed algae or sawdust provided 29-36 mg/ml CD yield without presence of a-CD for 120 min starch hydrolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of current density on composition and structure of galvanic Au-Ni alloy coatings electrodeposited from weakly acidic additive free electrolyte was investigated. At low current density (up to ∼10 mA cm-2), light yellow coloured alloys enriched with Au are deposited. At higher current density the Ni content is abruptly increased and the coatings become coarse and dark. Deposits with an average content of Ni up to ∼50 at-% were obtained. Only a small amount of Ni (up to 20 at-%) takes part in the formation of non-equilibrium super saturated Au-Ni solid solution. The remainder of the Ni is deposited in the interglobular space as an amorphous Ni oxide-hydroxide or as Ni bearing hydroxide salts. Besides Ni, the alloy coatings contain C, N, O, K and H. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The studies performed in the process of designing error correction coding elements in sub-100-nm memory and microprocessor microcircuits confirm that the most efficiency of increasing upset tolerances of commercial RHBD memory microcircuits can be ensured by combining modern circuit solutions for memory elements and algorithmic data encoding and protection methods. Among the circuit methods, the following methods are urgent: the application of DICE memory cells for checking (reference) data files; the introduction of additional columns and multiplexers, intended to replace any column with an additional one, if a multiple incurable upset arises in this column; the implementation of data interleaving with a degree of no more than 8 s to minimize adjacent upsets in the code word. Algorithmic encoding approaches of (SEC-DED-DAEC) classes (single-error correction, double-error-detection, and double-adjacent-error-correction) are efficient for ensuring the upset tolerance of sub-100-nm very-largescale integration (VLSI) circuits under the external action of single nuclear particles. The encoding algorithm based on these recommendations demonstrated up to 27% better efficiency of correction of nonadjacent double errors at a slightly slower speed of operation and occupied on-chip area, as compared with Datta and Choi codes, thus allowing one to implement different implementation versions of upset tolerant VLSI circuits, depending on the solved problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of current density on composition and structure of Au-Co alloy coatings deposited from weakly acidic additive-free electrolyte was investigated. With increasing current density, the co-deposition of Co is facilitated and the microstructure of the alloy changes from lamellar to columnar. Alloy coatings containing up to 70 mass-%Co can be obtained. The coatings have a uniform Au colour for alloying element contents of up to several per cent and turn to uniform grey when the Co content increases above 25-30 mass-%. Within the limiting current density region, periodic spatio-temporal structures of different alloying element contents are formed on the surface of the deposit. The cross-sections of the coatings give evidence of compositionally modulated lamellae with a thickness within the nanometric region. Two supersaturated solid solutions form in the system: fcc Au1-xCox; 01-yCoy; 0·18

Physiological and biochemical features of woody plants ( Pinus sylvestris L. and Betula platyphylla Sukacz.) during transition from vegetative to frost-resistant state under conditions of extremely severe climate of Yakutia were studied. In P. sylvestris such transition was accompanied by a decrease in the content of chlorophylls long before first frosts and by an increase in the proportion of Xanth and simultaneous decrease in the content of β-carotene in needles during the first and second phases of hardening. In the period of preparation to dormancy, overwintering organs of both P. sylvestris (needles) and B. platyphylla (buds) accumulated the two groups of major dehydrins, with low mol wts of 15-21 kD and middle mol wts of 66-141 kD. Simultaneously, low temperature led to a great increase in the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (FAs) in lipids of P. sylvestris needles and B. platyphylla buds, primarily linoleic acid and also eicosenoic FAs differing in the extent of desaturation. Observed qualitative and quantitative changes in pigments, total proteins, dehydrins, and FAs during autumn hardening of P. sylvestris and B. platyphylla plants presume their important role in the development of resistance of these tree species to low-temperature stress (down to −60°C) in the cryolithic zone of Yakutia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

compound with the general formula BiMgPO was obtained by a solid-state reaction method. Its composition was confirmed using EDAX. The compound belongs to the cubic crystal system (space group I23, no. 197) and has a sillenite-type structure. The lattice parameter a is 10.15704(12) Å. The Rietveld refinement of the crystallographic data revealed mixed tetrahedral sites (2 a) occupied by Mg, P, and Bi in a ratio of 32: 63: 5. The resulting lattice strains are compensated by vacancies in the cationic (2 a) and anionic sites (24 f) and by distortion of the Bi-O framework detected by IR and Raman spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]