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The lithographically tunable and small size features of Lamb wave resonators (LWRs) take a bright future for their use in high frequency narrow band filters. Resonant frequency drift due to temperature variation has a large impact on the narrower passband and a temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) closer to 0 can broaden the stable temperature range of the resonator. This paper proposes a method of etching grooves in the area of the piezoelectric layer not covered by the Interdigital transducer (IDT) electrodes to improve the temperature stability of the Lamb resonator. Through the finite element method and theoretical analysis, the phase velocity, group velocity, and TCF dispersion curve of different modes of the resonator with groove structure were determined. The reason for the change of TCF under different normalized thicknesses of AlN was explained through the conversion of the LWR from a contour mode resonator (CMR) to a Cross-Sectional Lamé Mode Resonator. Simulation and test have shown that etching grooves have the effect of reducing TCF by adjusting the electromechanical coupling coefficient. The test shows that 205 nm-depth grooves can lower the TCF of the S0 mode IDT-Open LWR from −13.3 to −5.1 ppm/°C and S1 mode from −36.8 to −9.0 ppm/°C, respectively. The TCF of S0 and S1 mode LWRs decreased by 61.7% and 75.5%, respectively, after 205 nm groove etching. The groove etching method greatly raises the temperature stability of the LWR, enabling Lamb wave filters to operate stably over a wider temperature range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common chronic condition in elderly men. Observational studies have identified several comorbidities associated with BPH. However, these studies are limited by various confounding factors and do not clearly explain the association between BPH and its comorbidities. We investigated the association between BPH and comorbidities using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database combined with Mendelian randomization (MR) methods. Methods: Through an extensive PubMed search, we identified 22 diseases associated with BPH and selected 9 significant comorbidities from the GBD database for a detailed correlation analysis. We also considered socio-economic and environmental influences on BPH. Utilizing the GWAS database, we gathered data on BPH and 20 comorbidities, employing the Linkage Disequilibrium Score Regression (LDSC) method to unearth genetic connections. Causality was determined through both univariable and multivariable bidirectional MR analyses, supplemented by Steiger directionality tests to confirm causation. The study's integrity was fortified by employing various MR models and conducting rigorous sensitivity analyses. The synthesis of GBD data with LDSC and MR findings offered a nuanced understanding of the BPH-comorbidity nexus. Additionally, we explored the genetic basis and the role of mediating factors between BPH and comorbidities through phenome-wide association studies (PheWAS), colocalization analysis, and mediation MR. Results: Correlation analysis of GBD data found associations of prostate cancer, chronic kidney disease and depression with BPH. LDSC results indicated that prostatitis and bladder cancer are related to BPH. Two associations were replicated in bidirectional univariable MR, linking BPH with a higher risk of prostatitis and prostate cancer. conducted sensitivity analyses to confirm the robustness of the results and all Steiger directionality tests were correct. Multiple multivariable MR models validated these results. PheWAS analysis showed that outliers in MR do not significantly impact MR results. Through colocalization analysis, three shared loci between BPH and both prostatitis and prostate cancer were identified. Mediation analysis found that, after adjusting for BPH, fruit consumption was associated with a lower risk of prostatitis, and morning person and chronotype were associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer. Conclusions: This study uncovered associations between BPH and various comorbidities, emphasizing the causal relationships between BPH, prostatitis, and prostate cancer. Our research provides a new perspective in understanding the comorbid associations of BPH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Video Multimodal Entity Linking (VMEL) is a task to link entities mentioned in videos to entities in multimodal knowledge bases. However, current entity linking methods primarily focus on text and image modalities, neglecting the significance of video modality. To address this challenge, we propose a novel framework called the multi-perspective enhanced Subgraph Contrastive Network (SCMEL) and construct a VMEL dataset named SceneMEL, based on tourism domain. We first integrate textual, auditory and visual modal contexts of videos to generate a comprehensive high-recall candidate entity set. Furthermore, a semantic-enhanced video description subgraph generation module is utilized to convert videos into a multimodal feature graph structure and perform subgraph sampling on the domain-specific knowledge graph. Lastly, we conduct contrastive learning on local perspectives (text, audio, visual) within the video subgraphs and the knowledge graph subgraphs, as well as global perspectives, to capture fine-grained semantic information about videos and entities. A series of experimental results on SceneMel demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land use and land cover change (LUCC) process exhibits spatial correlation and temporal dependency. Accurate extraction of spatiotemporal features is important in enhancing the modeling capabilities of LUCC. Cellular automaton (CA) models, recognized as powerful tools for simulating dynamic LUCC processes, are traditionally applied in LUCC, focusing on time-slice driving factor data, often neglecting the temporal dimension. However, the transformer architecture, a highly acclaimed model in machine learning, has been rarely integrated into CA models for the simulation of dynamic LUCC processes. To fill this gap, we proposed a novel spatiotemporal urban LUCC simulation model, namely, transformer-convolutional neural network (TC)-CA. Based on CA models that involve the utilization of a convolutional neural network (CNN) for extracting latent spatial features, TC-CA extends this paradigm by incorporating a transformer architecture to extract spatiotemporal information from temporal driving factor data and temporal spatial features. The evaluation results with Wuxi city as a study area indicated the advantage of our proposed TC-CA against random forest-CA, conventional CNN-CA, artificial neural network-CA, and transformer-CA. Compared with the three non-transformer-based CAs, the TC-CA improved the figure of merit by up to 2.85%–8.14%. This study contributes a fresh spatiotemporal perspective and transformer approach to the field of LUCC modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the utilization value of the erythritol mother liquor, the separation and purification of the erythritol mother liquor was selected in this study. The selected chromatographic separation programme for erythritol crystallizing mother liquor is as follows: Firstly, erythritol is resolved from mannitol and arabitol with DTF-01Ca (Suqing Group) resin and then mannitol is resolved from arabitol with 99Ca/320 (Dowex) resin. At the same time, the chromatographic conditions of the DTF-01Ca (Suqing Group) and 99Ca/320 (Dowex) resins were optimized, resulting in an optimal separation temperature and mobile phase flow rate of 70 °C, 10 ml/min. On this basis, a single-column chromatographic model was used to calculate the TD model parameter ( N ) and the mass transfer coefficient ( k m ) of the separation of erythritol mother liquor by DTF-01Ca (Suqing Group) and 99Ca/320 (Dowex) resins. The adsorption isotherms, TD model parameter ( N ) and the mass transfer coefficient ( k m ) provides data references for the design and operation of the simulated moving beds (SMB) separation system for the industrial-scale separation of erythritol crystallizing mother liquor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The length of hypocotyl affects the height of soybean and lodging resistance, thus determining the final grain yield. However, research on soybean hypocotyl length is scarce, and the regulatory mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we identified a module controlling the transport of sucrose, where sucrose acts as a messenger moved from cotyledon to hypocotyl, regulating hypocotyl elongation. This module comprises four key genes, namely MYB33, SWEET11, SWEET21 and GA2ox8c in soybean. In cotyledon, MYB33 is responsive to sucrose and promotes the expression of SWEET11 and SWEET21, thereby facilitating sucrose transport from the cotyledon to the hypocotyl. Subsequently, sucrose transported from the cotyledon up‐regulates the expression of GA2ox8c in the hypocotyl, which ultimately affects the length of the hypocotyl. During the domestication and improvement of soybean, an allele of MYB33 with enhanced abilities to promote SWEET11 and SWEET21 has gradually become enriched in landraces and cultivated varieties, SWEET11 and SWEET21 exhibit high conservation and have undergone a strong purified selection and GA2ox8c is under a strong artificial selection. Our findings identify a new molecular pathway in controlling soybean hypocotyl elongation and provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of sugar transport in soybean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybridization is a common technique in the breeding of new varieties. In this study, we obtained F1 and F2 hybrids through interspecific hybridization between Siniperca chuatsi and Siniperca scherzeri and backcross offspring by backcrossing between F1 and Siniperca chuatsi. We analyzed the morphological traits and genetic diversity of the parents and their progeny. The results showed that although most morphological traits of the progeny were not significantly different from those of their parents, the F1 hybrids exhibited the most pronounced morphological variations. The F2 and backcross hybrids appeared morphological differentiation within their populations. The CPL/CPW ratio emerged as a reliable marker for identifying hybrids morphologically. The expected heterozygosity for F1 (0.6264), F2 (0.6677), and backcross offspring (0.5260) were intermediate between Siniperca chuatsi (0.7388) and Siniperca scherzeri (0.3910), indicating a relatively high level of genetic diversity in the offspring. Additionally, the private allele frequency of F1 and F2 was higher than backcross offspring. One SSR marker (G5220) was identified as a specific molecular marker to distinguish the hybrid F1 population from the parents, hybrid F2, and backcross F1 populations by analyzing specific alleles. The result of Ne, He, I, and PIC confirmed that F2 maintained the genetic diversity of F1. We speculated that both F1 and F2 have higher breeding potential. This study provides essential baseline data for genetic breeding of mandarin fish that will be instrumental in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lung cancer (LC), a paramount global life-threatening condition causing significant mortality, is most commonly characterized by its subtype, lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Concomitant with LC, pulmonary fibrosis (PF) and interstitial lung disease (ILD) contribute to an intricate landscape of respiratory diseases. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in association with LC has been explored. However, other fibrotic interrelations remain underrepresented, especially for LUAD-PF and LUAD-ILD. Methods: We analysed data with statistical analysis from 7,137 healthy individuals, 7,762 LUAD patients, 7,955 ILD patients, and 2,124 complex PF patients collected over ten years. Furthermore, to identify blood indicators related to lung disease and its complications and compare the relationships between different indicators and lung diseases, we successfully applied the naive Bayes model for a biomarker-based prediction of diagnosis and development into complex PF. Results: Males predominantly marked their presence in all categories, save for complex PF where females took precedence. Biomarkers, specifically AGR, MLR, NLR, and PLR emerged as pivotal in discerning lung diseases. A machine-learning-driven predictive model underscored the efficacy of these markers in early detection and diagnosis, with NLR exhibiting unparalleled accuracy. Conclusions: Our study elucidates the gender disparities in lung diseases and illuminates the profound potential of serum biomarkers, including AGR, MLR, NLR, and PLR in early lung cancer detection. With NLR as a standout, therefore, this study advances the exploration of indicator changes and predictions in patients with pulmonary disease and fibrosis, thereby improving early diagnosis, treatment, survival rate, and patient prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: In this paper, a generalized particle domain method (GPDM) is proposed and developed within the framework of the convected particle domain interpolation method. This new method generates particles directly from non‐uniform rational B‐spline (NURBS)‐based CAD file of a continuum body. The particle domain corresponds to a NURBS element even for trimmed elements of solids with complex geometries. The shape functions and the gradient of shape functions are evaluated using NURBS basis functions to map material properties between particles and grid nodes. It approves that this proposed GPDM can track the domain of particles accurately and avoid the issue of cell‐crossing instability. Several numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the high performance of this proposed new particle domain method. It is shown that the results obtained using the proposed GPDM are consistent with the experimental data reported in the literature. Further development of the generalized particle domain method can provide a link to the material point method and isogeometric analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: While serum periostin and Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) have been acknowledged as independent markers in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) diagnosis, the clinical combinatory potential of these biomarkers combined with high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) has yet to be fully explored. Methods: This retrospective study involved 78 participants, comprising 51 UIP-IPF patients and 27 healthy controls. All subjects underwent clinical and laboratory examinations, particularly the detection of periostin and KL-6 using ELISA with innovative HRCT fibrosis score evaluations at admission and discharge during hospitalization in UIP-IPF patients. Results: In our cohort of patients with IPF, predominantly male, over an average follow-up period of 195.27 days. Serum levels of periostin and KL-6 were significantly elevated in IPF patients compared to healthy controls (*p < 0.05). Post-treatment, KL-6 levels decreased significantly, while periostin levels increased. Notably, periostin exhibited superior prognostic accuracy over KL-6, with a higher AUC of 0.875 than 0.639 in ROC analysis. An increase in periostin levels correlated with disease progression, as evidenced by worsened HRCT fibrotic scores and decreased survival probability. These findings underscore periostin's potential as a reliable biomarker for assessing IPF severity and therapeutic response. Conclusion: Our findings underscore the preeminence of serum periostin over KL-6 in UIP-IPF diagnosis, particularly when conjoined with HRCT fibrosis score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are always uncertainties in practical engineering, and the design of the optimal Earth-Moon trajectory under uncertainties significantly reduces flight risk for the manned lunar exploration mission (MLEM). This paper proposes an interval programming method to optimize the trans-lunar trajectory under interval uncertainties. Firstly, the influence of the trans-lunar injection uncertainties (TLI) is investigated, finding that the reached orbit at the perilune is very sensitive to the impulse errors at TLI. Then, the design methods of the Earth-Moon trajectory and the trajectory correction maneuver (TCM) are presented. Based on the mathematical tool of the interval possibility degree, the interval programming model is built to transform the uncertain optimization problem into a deterministic one, and then a multi-layer optimization scheme is proposed to solve it. The uncertain objectives and constraints' interval bounds are calculated in the inner loop, and the design variables are searched and optimized in the outer loop. The proposed method is used to design the Earth-Moon trajectories of both manned and unmanned spacecraft. The designed trajectories are insensitive to the uncertainties and are validated by the Monte Carlo simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To enhance land use/cover change (LUCC) simulation accuracy, we introduced ViViT-ANN-CA, blending video vision transformer's spatio-temporal features extraction ability, artificial neural network's (ANN) non-linearity computing ability, and CA's spatial computing. Compared to 3DCNN-ANN-CA, ViViT-ANN-CA showed higher accuracy in simulating water bodies and vegetation, with overall improvements in Hailing District and Wuxi City. ViViT demonstrates comparable spatio-temporal feature extraction ability to three-dimensional convolutional neural network (3DCNN), promising for future ynamic LUCC simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The value of preoperative multidisciplinary approach remains inadequately delineated in forecasting postoperative outcomes of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Herein, we aimed to ascertain the efficacy of multi-modality cardiac imaging in predicting post-CABG cardiovascular outcomes. Methods: Patients with triple coronary artery disease underwent cardiac sodium [18F]fluoride ([18F]NaF) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), coronary angiography, and CT-based coronary artery calcium scoring before CABG. The maximum coronary [18F]NaF activity (target-to-blood ratio [TBR]max) and the global coronary [18F]NaF activity (TBRglobal) was determined. The primary endpoint was perioperative myocardial infarction (PMI) within 7-day post-CABG. Secondary endpoint included major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) and recurrent angina. Results: This prospective observational study examined 101 patients for a median of 40 months (interquartile range: 19–47 months). Both TBRmax (odds ratio [OR] = 1.445; p = 0.011) and TBRglobal (OR = 1.797; P = 0.018) were significant predictors of PMI. TBRmax>3.0 (area under the curve [AUC], 0.65; sensitivity, 75.0%; specificity, 56.8%; p = 0.036) increased PMI risk by 3.661-fold, independent of external confounders. Kaplan–Meier test revealed a decrease in MACCE survival rate concomitant with an escalating TBRmax. TBRmax>3.6 (AUC, 0.70; sensitivity, 76.9%; specificity, 73.9%; p = 0.017) increased MACCEs risk by 5.520-fold. Both TBRmax (hazard ratio [HR], 1.298; p = 0.004) and TBRglobal (HR = 1.335; p = 0.011) were significantly correlated with recurrent angina. No significant associations were found between CAC and SYNTAX scores and between PMI occurrence and long-term MACCEs. Conclusion: Quantification of coronary microcalcification activity via [18F]NaF PET displayed a strong ability to predict early and long-term post-CABG cardiovascular outcomes, thereby outperforming conventional metrics of coronary macrocalcification burden and stenosis severity. Trial registration: : The trial was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Committee (number: ChiCTR1900022527; URL: www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=37933). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rising cancer-related mortality underscores the importance of biomarkers for treatment and prognosis, with Chromosome Segregation 1 Like (CSE1L) linked to various cancers yet its roles remain partially understood. This study investigates CSE1L's expression and oncogenic mechanisms in solid tumors. We analyzed multi-omics data from 31 solid tumors, measured CSE1L in 41 head and neck carcinoma patients post-chemotherapy via qRT-PCR, and evaluated the impact of CSE1L knockdown on cell proliferation in A549 and HepG2 cells. In this study, we observed significantly elevated levels of CSE1L RNA in 13 tumor tissues and protein levels in 8 tumor tissues compared to their corresponding adjacent normal tissues. Additionally, our investigation unveiled a correlation between heightened CSE1L expression in tumor tissues and worsened patient prognosis, poor response to immunotherapy, and diminished effectiveness of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Through an analysis of CSE1L mechanisms, we discovered its potential involvement in promoting tumor cell proliferation, enhancing drug resistance, and influencing immune infiltration, thereby impacting patient prognosis and treatment outcomes. Finally, we delved into the potential mechanisms underlying upregulation of CSE1L in tumor tissues. Our findings demonstrate that CSE1L promotes tumor development in various malignancies, highlighting its potential as both a therapeutic target and prognostic indicator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meat quality in goats is partly determined by the intramuscular fat (IMF) content, which is associated with the proliferation and differentiation of intramuscular preadipocytes. Emerging studies have suggested that miRNA plays a crucial role in adipocyte proliferation and differentiation. In our recent study, we observed the expression variations in miR-196a in the longissimus dorsi muscle of Jianzhou goats at different ages. However, the specific function and underlying mechanism of miR-196a in IMF deposition are still unclear. This study demonstrated that miR-196a significantly enhanced adipogenesis and apoptosis and reduced the proliferation of preadipocytes. Subsequently, RNA-seq was employed to determine genes regulated by miR-196a, and 677 differentially expressed genes were detected after miR-196a overexpression. The PI3K-Akt pathway was identified as activated in miR-196a regulating intramuscular adipogenesis via Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis and further verified via Western blot and rescue assays. Lastly, using RT-qPCR, Western blot, dual-luciferase, and rescue assays, we found that miR-196a promoted adipogenesis and suppressed the proliferation of intramuscular preadipocytes by the downregulation of MAP3K1. In summary, these results suggest that miR-196a regulates IMF deposition by targeting MAP3K1 and activating the PI3K-Akt pathway and provide a theoretical foundation for improving goat meat quality through molecular breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing high-performance catalysts for NOx reduction was a significant challenge. CWK catalysts modified with iron sources were synthesized using co-precipitation and impregnation methods. The CWK-F3C and CWK-F3S catalysts exhibited the superior catalytic activity at 250–350 ℃ and the excellent N2 selectivity. The key reasons for the enhanced catalytic activity of CWK-F3C and CWK-F3S catalysts could be attributed to the higher Fe3+ concentration, more surface chemisorbed oxygen species and bigger relative fraction of Ce3+. More significantly, the adsorption of NH3 and redox capability were both strengthened by the Fe3+ doping. The DRIFTS experiment results showed that the E-R and L–H mechanism were followed by CWK-F3C and CWK-F2C catalysts. Furthermore, the introduction of Fe3+ generated more surface acidic sites, which could facilitate the formation of key intermediates (-NH2) (NH3(ads) + O(ads)/O2−(ads) → -NH2(ads) + -OH(ads)). The presence of Fe3+ was conducive to NO3− formation (NO3− + NO(ads) → NO2(ads)), resulting in the presence of fast reaction, causing the excellent low temperature catalytic performance. Hence, the production of -NH2 and NO3− species was responsible for the outstanding catalytic activity of CWK-F3C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of the present study was to carry out a systematic research on bitterness quantification to provide a reference for scholars and pharmaceutical developers to carry out drug taste masking research. Significance: The bitterness of medications poses a significant concern for clinicians and patients. Scientifically measuring the intensity of drug bitterness is pivotal for enhancing drug palatability and broadening their clinical utility. Methods: The current study was carried out by conducting a systematic literature review that identified relevant papers from indexed databases. Numerous studies and research are cited and quoted in this article to summarize the features, strengths, and applicability of quantitative bitterness assessment methods. Results: In our research, we systematically outlined the classification and key advancements in quantitative research methods for assessing drug bitterness, including in vivo quantification techniques such as traditional human taste panel methods, as well as in vitro quantification methods such as electronic tongue analysis. It focused on the quantitative methods and difficulties of bitterness of natural drugs with complex system characteristics and their difficulties in quantification, and proposes possible future research directions. Conclusion: The quantitative methods of bitterness were summarized, which laid an important foundation for the construction of a comprehensive bitterness quantification standard system and the formulation of accurate, efficient and rich taste masking strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), a clinicopathological condition characterized by nephrotic-range proteinuria, has a high risk of progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Meanwhile, the recurrence of FSGS after renal transplantation is one of the main causes of graft loss. The diagnosis of recurrent FSGS is mainly based on renal puncture biopsy transplants, an approach not widely consented by patients with early mild disease. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find definitive diagnostic markers that can act as a target for early diagnosis and intervention in the treatment of patients. In this review, we summarize the domestic and international studies on the pathophysiology, pathogenesis and earliest screening methods of FSGS and describe the functions and roles of specific circulating factors in the progression of early FSGS, in order to provide a new theoretical basis for early diagnosis of FSGS recurrence, as well as aid the exploration of therapeutic targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Childhood leukemia is a prevalent form of pediatric cancer, with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) being the primary manifestations. Timely treatment has significantly enhanced survival rates for children with acute leukemia. This study aimed to develop an early and comprehensive predictor for hematologic malignancies in children by analyzing nutritional biomarkers, key leukemia indicators, and granulocytes in their blood. Using a machine learning algorithm and ten indices, the blood samples of 826 children with ALL and 255 children with AML were compared to a control group of 200 healthy children. The study revealed notable differences, including higher indicators in boys compared to girls and significant variations in most biochemical indicators between leukemia patients and healthy children. Employing a random forest model resulted in an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.950 for predicting leukemia subtypes and an AUC of 0.909 for forecasting AML. This research introduces an efficient diagnostic tool for early screening of childhood blood cancers and underscores the potential of artificial intelligence in modern healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a two-parameter inversion problem is analyzed, related to surface crack widths for measuring depths of normal surface notches, based on a laser-based ultrasonic measurement method in the time domain. In determining the depth measurement formulas, the main technique is the time delay between reflected and scattered waves. Scattered waves are generated by two reflections along the bottom and three mode transformations at the surface of the crack tips. Moreover, the scattering angle of the mode-conversion waves is 30°. These two key factors lead to corrected item "2wβ" in the depth measurement formula. A laser-based ultrasonic experimental platform is built to generate and receive surface waves in a non-contact manner on aluminum and steel specimens with surface cracks. The depth measurement method proposed in this paper has been validated through theoretical, simulation, and experimental methods. Finally, in this paper, an effective approach for quantitatively measuring crack depths, based on laser ultrasound, using the time-domain properties of surface wave propagation is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Controlling non-point source (NPS) pollution is crucial for implementing water environment management, and simulating the water quality response to NPS pollution emission control schemes is of great importance. Variational mode decomposition (VMD) can overcome endpoint effects and modal aliasing issues, effectively separating intrinsic mode components. Bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) can fully mine the information contained in time series and has good predictive performance. MIKE21, when coupled with the Ecolab module, can well simulate the diffusion process of NPS pollution. The Weihe River water environment prediction model was constructed using VMD-BiLSTM and MIKE21, with ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), total phosphorus (TP), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) as pollution indicators, showing the water quality response of the Weihe River within a few years after the implementation of agricultural and urban NPS pollution emission control schemes. Among them, the COD concentration decreased by up to 71.3%, the NH3-N concentration decreased by up to 31.4%, and the TP concentration decreased by up to 43.1%. In the process of streamflow prediction, VMD-BiSLTM shows satisfactory performance with NSE of 0.89 and R2 of 0.92, which will significantly improve the accuracy of modeling the future water environment. The results also show that the water quality of the Weihe River can be significantly improved by controlling NPS pollution emission, and reducing agricultural NPS pollution emission is key to decreasing ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations and improving water quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the realm of plant biology, small RNAs (sRNAs) are imperative in the orchestration of gene expression, playing pivotal roles across a spectrum of developmental sequences and responses to environmental stressors. The biosynthetic cascade of sRNAs is characterized by an elaborate network of enzymatic pathways that meticulously process double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) precursors into sRNA molecules, typically 20 to 30 nucleotides in length. These sRNAs, chiefly microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), are integral in guiding the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) to selectively target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) for post-transcriptional modulation. This regulation is achieved either through the targeted cleavage or the suppression of translational efficiency of the mRNAs. In plant development, sRNAs are integral to the modulation of key pathways that govern growth patterns, organ differentiation, and developmental timing. The biogenesis of sRNA itself is a fine-tuned process, beginning with transcription and proceeding through a series of processing steps involving Dicer-like enzymes and RNA-binding proteins. Recent advances in the field have illuminated the complex processes underlying the generation and function of small RNAs (sRNAs), including the identification of new sRNA categories and the clarification of their involvement in the intercommunication among diverse regulatory pathways. This review endeavors to evaluate the contemporary comprehension of sRNA biosynthesis and to underscore the pivotal role these molecules play in directing the intricate performance of plant developmental processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, hypoxic areas have rapidly expanded worldwide in estuaries and coastal zones. The Pearl River Estuary (PRE), one of China's largest estuaries, experiences frequent seasonal hypoxia due to intense human activities and eutrophication. However, the ecological effects of hypoxia in the PRE, particularly on fish communities, remain unclear. To explore these effects, we collected fish community and environmental data in July 2021 during the summer hypoxia development period. The results revealed that bottom‐layer dissolved oxygen (DO) in the PRE ranged from 0.08 to 5.71 mg/L, with extensive hypoxic zones (DO ≤ 2 mg/L) observed. Hypoxia has varied effects on fish community composition, distribution, species, and functional diversity in the PRE. A total of 104 fish species were collected in this study, with approximately 30 species (28.6%) exclusively found in hypoxic areas. Species responses to hypoxia varied: species such as Sardinella zunasi, Coilia mystus, and Nuchequula nuchalis were sensitive, while Decapterus maruadsi, Siganus fuscescens, and Lagocephalus spadiceus showed higher tolerance. Within the hypoxia area, dissolved oxygen was the main limiting factor for fish community diversity. Functional diversity (FDiv) decreased with higher dissolved oxygen levels, indicating a potential shift in the functional traits and ecological roles of fish species in response to changing oxygen conditions. Further analysis demonstrated that dissolved oxygen had a significantly stronger effect on fish community structure at hypoxic sites than in the whole PRE. Moreover, other environmental variables also had significant effects on the fish community structure and interacted with dissolved oxygen in the hypoxia area. These findings suggest that maintaining sufficient dissolved oxygen levels is essential for sustaining fish communities and ecosystem health in the PRE. This study provides novel insights into the effects of hypoxia on fish communities in estuarine ecosystems and has significant implications for the ecological health and management of the PRE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small RNA genes with important roles in cancer biology regulation. There are considerable studies regarding the roles of microRNA‐505‐3p (miR‐505‐3p) in cancer development and progression, but the function of miR‐505‐3p in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has not been fully clarified. Comparative analysis of miRNA expression data set was used to select differentially expressed miRNAs. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction was applied to detect expression levels of RNAs, while western blot and immunofluorescence staining were performed to detect expression levels of proteins of interest. The motility of EOC cells was assessed by wound healing and transwell assays. The binding and regulating relationship between miRNA and its direct target gene was investigated by dual‐luciferase assay. Our results show that miR‐505‐3p was upregulated in recurrent EOC, which significantly inhibits EOC cell motility via modulating cell epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Furthermore, our results indicated that PEAK1 expression was inhibited by direct binding of miR‐505‐3p into its 3′‐URT in EOC cells. Importantly, knockdown of PEAK1 attenuated the effect of mi‐505‐3p inhibitor on EOC cell migration and invasion. In conclusion, our findings indicate that miRNA‐505‐3p inhibits EOC cell motility by targeting PEAK1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the emerging hallmarks of tumorigenesis and tumor progression, metabolic remodeling is common in the tumor microenvironment. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of global tumor-related mortality, causing a series of metabolic alterations in response to nutrient availability and consumption to fulfill the demands of biosynthesis and carcinogenesis. Despite the efficacy of immunotherapy in treating HCC, the response rate remains unsatisfactory. Recently, research has focused on metabolic reprogramming and its effects on the immune state of the tumor microenvironment, and immune response rate. In this review, we delineate the metabolic reprogramming observed in HCC and its influence on the tumor immune microenvironment. We discuss strategies aimed at enhancing response rates and overcoming immune resistance through metabolic interventions, focusing on targeting glucose, lipid, or amino acid metabolism, as well as systemic regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Pancreatic cancer (PC) has a poor prognosis and high mortality. Kruppel‐like factor 9 (KLF9), a transcription factor, is aberrantly expressed in various neoplasms. The current study sought to analyze the functional role of KLF9 in the proliferation, invasion, and migration of PC cells. Methods: The expression patterns of KLF9 and KIAA1522 in normal pancreatic cells (HPDE‐C7) and PC cells (Panc 03.27, BxPc3, SW1990) were determined by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assay. After treatment of KLF9 overexpression, proliferation, invasion, and migration were evaluated by cell counting kit‐8, 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine staining, and Transwell assays. The binding of KLF9 to the KIAA1522 promoter was analyzed by dual‐luciferase assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation. The rescue experiment was conducted to analyze the role of KIAA1522. Results: KLF9 was downregulated, while KIAA1522 was upregulated in PC cells. KLF9 overexpression mitigated the proliferation, invasion, and migration of PC cells. Enrichment of KLF9 led to inhibition of the KIAA1522 promoter and repressed KIAA1522 expression. KIAA1522 overexpression neutralized the inhibitory role of KLF9 in PC cell functions. Conclusion: KLF9 is enriched in the KIAA1522 promoter and negatively regulates KIAA1522 expression, thereby mitigating the proliferation, invasion, and migration of PC cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With rapid industrialization and urbanization, the contradiction between the human exploitation of land production and living functions and natural ecosystem service functions has intensified. The issues of how to coordinate the exploitation and conservation functions of land and guide the rational distribution of human activities have become important for global sustainable development, especially considering the realization that multifunctional land use is an effective way to relieve land pressure and improve land use efficiency, that land multifunction has significant spatio-temporal heterogeneity, and that there is a mutual promotion and stress relationship between multifunctional land use. However, few existing studies have discussed the decoupling relationship among land use functions. In this study, a system of 10 sub-functions and 25 indicators was established based on the production function (PDF), living function (LVF), and ecological function (ELF) for 59 cities in the Yellow River Basin (YRB). There are both subjective and objective procedures employed to determine the weights, while an exploratory spatial data analysis is used to analyze the time-based and territorial changes in various functions of land use in the study area from 2000 to 2020. The decoupling relationship between the three functions is detected utilizing the theoretical foundation of the decoupling analysis. The results show that land use is multifunctional, LUFs develop unevenly, and their spatial distribution varies substantially. The results of the decoupling analysis demonstrate that the predominant types of correlations among the land use ELF and PDF and LVF over the research period are strong decoupling and strong negative decoupling correlations, with the former being a dilemma and the latter being a sustainable type of development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the bacterial community composition of mung bean sour pulp, the core element of Luoyang traditional and special pulp noodles, the bacteria 16S rDNA of mung bean sour pulp from six pulp workshops in Lu-oyang was sequenced using Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that 8 bacterial phyla were identified from 6 samples of mung bean sour pulp, involving 75 genera and 106 species; and Firmicutes is the dominant phylum (78.57%-97.17%), Lactobacillus (20.95%-90.36%) and Lactococcus (3.26%-62.68%) are the dominant genus, Lactobacillus oligofermentans, unclassified_Lactococcus are the corresponding dominant species, while Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus curvatus and Lactobacillus manihotivorans are common sub dominant bacteria. These dominant bacteria are all lactic acid bacteria, which have extensive prebiotic effects. The functional prediction of the bacterial community in mung bean sour pulp showed that the carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism abundance of the bacterial community are high, especially the abundance of flavor amino acid metabolic pathway and L-lactate dehydrogenase are relatively high. It was inferred that the unique acid and flavor of mung bean sour pulp was related to the bacterial amino acid metabolism and lactic acid synthesis. The results of this study provided a theoretical basis for further study on the fermentation mechanism of mung bean sour pulp and development of corresponding starter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multifunctional adsorbents are significant for the treatment of water-soluble dyes in contaminated aquatic systems and oily dyes in colored organic effluents. However, the existing adsorbent for both water-soluble and oil-soluble dyes is rare and the cleanup effect is not ideal. In this study, alginic acid carbon aerogel (AACA) as an effective wide-spectrum adsorbent was prepared through wet-spinning, ion-exchanging, drying, and high-temperature carbonization. AACA obtained a specific surface area of 1046.0 m2 g−1 and a mean pore size of 2.82 nm. The adsorption capacities of AACA for methylene blue (cationic dye), methyl orange (anion dye), and oil red O (oil-soluble dye) were 493.5, 389.5, and 244.2 mg g−1, respectively, which were improved in comparison with those of previously reported calcium alginate and ferric alginate carbon aerogels. The adsorption kinetics of AACA for the three dyes were fit for the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the adsorption isotherms could be explained by the Langmuir model. ACCA revealed good adsorption performance for other eleven different sorts of dyes and binary dye systems. The adsorption mechanism was mainly confirmed to be π–π interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary phosphatidylserine (PS) supplementation on the growth performance, stress response, non-specific immunity and antioxidant capacity of juvenile blunt snout bream (Megalobrama ambylcephala) cultured under a high stocking density. A 2 × 2 two-factorial design was adopted, including two stocking densities (10 and 20 fish/m3) and two dietary PS levels (0 and 50 mg/kg). After the 12-week feeding trial, the high stocking density significantly decreased the final weight; weight gain rate; specific growth rate; feed intake; nitrogen retention efficiency; plasma complement 3 (C3) level; albumin/globulin (ALB/GLB, A/G) ratio; activity of myeloperoxidase, lysozyme (LZM) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX); gpx transcription; and abundance of sirtuin3 (Sirt3) and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). However, it significantly increased the plasma levels of cortisol, glucose (GLU), lactic acid (LD), total protein and GLB; hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) content; and sirt1 transcription. PS supplementation significantly increased the plasma ALB and C4 levels; the A/G ratio; the activity of LZM, CAT and GPX; the transcription of sirt1, nrf2, manganese-containing superoxide dismutase and catalase; and the Nrf2 abundance. However, it significantly decreased the plasma levels of cortisol, GLU and GLB, as well as the hepatic MDA content. In addition, there was a significant interaction between the stocking density and PS supplementation regarding the effects on the plasma LD, ALB, GLB and C3 levels; A/G ratio; hepatic CAT activity; and protein abundance of Sod2. In conclusion, PS supplementation can counteract the high stocking density-induced stress response, redox imbalance and immunosuppression in blunt snout bream. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydraulic structures are the key national infrastructures, whose safety and stability are crucial for socio-economic development. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technology, as a high-precision deformation monitoring method, is of great significance for the safety and stability of hydraulic structures. However, the GNSS time series exhibits characteristics such as high nonlinearity, spatiotemporal correlation, and noise interference, making it difficult to model for prediction. The Neural Networks (CNN) model has strong feature extraction capabilities and translation invariance. However, it remains sensitive to changes in the scale and position of the target and requires large amounts of data. The Gated Recurrent Units (GRU) model could improve the training effectiveness by introducing gate mechanisms, but its ability to model long-term dependencies is limited. This study proposes a combined model, using CNN to extract spatial features and GRU to capture temporal information, to achieve an accurate prediction. The experiment shows that the proposed CNN-GRU model has a better performance, with an improvement of approximately 45%, demonstrating higher accuracy and reliability in predictions for GNSS deformation monitoring. This provides a new feasible solution for the safety monitoring and early warning of hydraulic structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydraulic infrastructures are susceptible to deformation over time, necessitating reliable monitoring and prediction methods. In this study, we address this challenge by proposing a novel approach based on the combination of Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) methods for Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) deformation monitoring and prediction modeling. The VMD method is utilized to decompose the complex deformation signals into intrinsic mode functions, which are then fed into a CNN method for feature extraction. The extracted features are input into an LSTM method to capture temporal dependencies and make predictions. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed VMD-CNN-LSTM method exhibits an improvement by about 75%. This research contributes to the advancement of deformation monitoring technologies in water conservancy engineering, offering a promising solution for proactive maintenance and risk mitigation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Film bulk acoustic-wave resonators (FBARs) are widely utilized in the field of radio frequency (RF) filters due to their excellent performance, such as high operation frequency and high quality. In this paper, we present the design, fabrication, and characterization of an FBAR filter for the 3.0 GHz–3.2 GHz S-band. Using a scandium-doped aluminum nitride (Sc0.2Al0.8N) film, the filter is designed through a combined acoustic–electromagnetic simulation method, and the FBAR and filter are fabricated using an eight-step lithographic process. The measured FBAR presents an effective electromechanical coupling coefficient ( k e f f 2 ) value up to 13.3%, and the measured filter demonstrates a −3 dB bandwidth of 115 MHz (from 3.013 GHz to 3.128 GHz), a low insertion loss of −2.4 dB, and good out-of-band rejection of −30 dB. The measured 1 dB compression point of the fabricated filter is 30.5 dBm, and the first series resonator burns out first as the input power increases. This work paves the way for research on high-power RF filters in mobile communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: N1-methyladenosine (m1A), among the most common internal modifications on RNAs, has a crucial role to play in cancer development. The purpose of this study were systematically investigate the modification characteristics of m1A in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to unveil its potential as an anticancer target and to develop a model related to m1A modification characteristics with biological functions. This model could predict the prognosis for patients with HCC. Methods: An integrated analysis of the TCGA-LIHC database was performed to explore the gene signatures and clinical relevance of 10 m1A regulators. Furthermore, the biological pathways regulated by m1A modification patterns were investigated. The risk model was established using the genes that showed differential expression (DEGs) between various m1A modification patterns and autophagy clusters. These in vitro experiments were subsequently designed to validate the role of m1A in HCC cell growth and autophagy. Immunohistochemistry was employed to assess m1A levels and the expression of DEGs from the risk model in HCC tissues and paracancer tissues using tissue microarray. Results: The risk model, constructed from five DEGs (CDK5R2, TRIM36, DCAF8L, CYP26B, and PAGE1), exhibited significant prognostic value in predicting survival rates among individuals with HCC. Moreover, HCC tissues showed decreased levels of m1A compared to paracancer tissues. Furthermore, the low m1A level group indicated a poorer clinical outcome for patients with HCC. Additionally, m1A modification may positively influence autophagy regulation, thereby inhibiting HCC cells proliferation under nutrient deficiency conditions. Conclusions: The risk model, comprising m1A regulators correlated with autophagy and constructed from five DEGs, could be instrumental in predicting HCC prognosis. The reduced level of m1A may represent a potential target for anti-HCC strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High‐coverage mass spectrometry analysis of single‐cell metabolomics remains challenging due to the extremely low abundance and wide polarity of metabolites and ultra‐small volume in single cells. Herein, a novel concentric hybrid ionization source, nanoelectrospray ionization‐atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (nanoESI‐APCI), is ingeniously designed to detect polar and nonpolar metabolites simultaneously in single cells. The source is constructed by inserting a pulled glass capillary coaxially into a glass tube that acts as a dielectric barrier layer. Benefitting from the integrated advantages of nanoESI and APCI, its limit of detection is improved by one order of magnitude to 10 pg mL−1. After the operational parameter optimization, 254 metabolites detected in nanoESI‐APCI are tentatively identified from a single cell, and 82 more than those in nanoESI. The developed nanoESI‐APCI is successively applied to study the metabolic heterogeneity of human hepatocellular carcinoma tissue microenvironment united with laser capture microdissection (LCM), the discrimination of cancer cell types and subtypes, the metabolic perturbations to glucose starvation in MCF7 cells and the metabolic regulation of cancer stem cells. These results demonstrated that the nanoESI‐APCI not only opens a new avenue for high‐coverage and high‐sensitivity metabolomics analysis of single cell, but also facilitates spatially resolved metabolomics study coupled with LCM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Molecular biology has been applied to the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of various diseases, and long noncoding RNA LINC00943 (lncRNA LINC00943; LINC00943) plays an important role in a variety of cancers. Therefore, this study explored the prognostic role of LINC00943 in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) and understood its impact on the development of LUSC. Methods: There are 89 LUSC patients were involved in current assay. By detecting the expression of LINC00943 and miR-196b-5p in tissues and cells, LINC00943 and its correlation with the characteristics of clinical data were analyzed. The biological function of LINC00943 was studied by Transwell migration and invasion assays. In addition, Pearson correlation coefficient and luciferase activity experiments were chosen to characterize the relationship between LINC00943 and miR-196b-5p and explore the mechanism of LINC00943. Results: Compared with normal controls, LINC00943 expression in LUSC tissues and cells was significantly reduced, miR-196b-5p was markedly increased, there was a negative correlation between LINC00943 and miR-196b-5p. According to the in vitro cell experiments, migration and invasion of LUSC cells were suppressed by overexpression of LINC00943. Besides, LINC00943 was demonstrated to have prognostic power and targeting miR-196b-5p was involved in the progression of LUSC. Conclusions: Overexpression of LINC00943 was molecular sponge for miR-196b-5p that controlled the deterioration of LUSC, which had great potential as a prognostic biomarker for LUSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fusarium crown rot (FCR) in wheat is a prevalent soil-borne disease worldwide and poses a significant threat to the production of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in China, with F. pseudograminearum being the dominant pathogen. Currently, there is a shortage of biocontrol resources to control FCR induced by F. pseudograminearum, along with biocontrol mechanisms. In this study, we have identified 37 strains of biocontrol bacteria displaying antagonistic effects against F. pseudograminearum from over 8000 single colonies isolated from soil samples with a high incidence of FCR. Among them, QY43 exhibited remarkable efficacy in controlling FCR. Further analysis identified the isolate QY43 as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, based on its colony morphology and molecular biology. In vitro, QY43 significantly inhibited the growth, conidial germination, and the pathogenicity of F. pseudograminearum. In addition, QY43 exhibited a broad spectrum of antagonistic activities against several plant pathogens. The genomics analysis revealed that there are genes encoding potential biocontrol factors in the genome of QY43. The experimental results confirmed that QY43 secretes biocontrol factor siderophores and pyocyanin. In summary, QY43 exhibits a broad spectrum of antagonistic activities and the capacity to produce diverse biocontrol factors, thereby showing substantial potential for biocontrol applications to plant disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: As an indicator of tumor invasiveness, microvascular invasion (MVI) is a crucial risk factor for postoperative relapse, metastasis, and unfavorable prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nevertheless, the genetic mechanisms underlying MVI, particularly for Chinese patients, remain mostly uncharted. Methods: We applied deep targeted sequencing on 66 Chinese HCC samples. Focusing on the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter (TERTp) and TP53 co‐mutation (TERTp+/TP53+) group, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to explore the potential molecular mechanisms of the TERTp+/TP53+ group on tumor progression and metastasis. Additionally, we evaluated the tumor immune microenvironment of the TERTp+/TP53+ group in HCC using multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) staining. Results: Among the 66 HCC samples, the mutated genes that mostly appeared were TERT, TP53, and CTNNB1. Of note, we found 10 cases with TERTp+/TP53+, of which nine were MVI‐positive and one was MVI‐negative, and there was a co‐occurrence of TERTp and TP53 (p < 0.05). Survival analysis demonstrated that patients with the TERTp+/TP53+ group had lower the disease‐free survival (DFS) (p = 0.028). GSEA results indicated that telomere organization, telomere maintenance, DNA replication, positive regulation of cell cycle, and negative regulation of immune response were significantly enriched in the TERTp+/TP53+ group (all adjusted p‐values (p.adj) < 0.05). mIF revealed that the TERTp+/TP53+ group decreased CD8+ T cells infiltration (p = 0.25) and enhanced PDL1 expression (p = 0.55). Conclusions: TERTp+/TP53+ was significantly enriched in MVI‐positive patients, leading to poor prognosis for HCC patients by promoting proliferation of HCC cell and inhibiting infiltration of immune cell surrounding HCC. TERTp+/TP53+ can be utilized as a potential indicator for predicting MVI‐positive patients and poor prognosis, laying a preliminary foundation for further exploration of co‐mutation in HCC with MVI and clinical treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After a hundred years of development, college Chinese has accumulated a large number of teaching materials which can be divided into four categories : literary language, cultural language, writing language and combined language. Regardless of the type, cultivating students' "one ability and two consciousnesses" should be regarded as the core concept followed in the construction of textbooks for this course. Facing the requirements of the construction of new liberal arts in the new era, aiming at the college students trained by the new curriculum standard of Chinese in middle school, it is believed that writing is the embodiment of the high-order function of Chinese teaching, so we should pay special attention to the cultivation of students' creative writing ability and advocate the creation and compilation of new interdisciplinary integrated and systematic textbooks : one is the integration of reading and creative writing, and the other is the integration of communication, etiquette, eloquence and applied writing. A good textbook should make great efforts to stimulate students ' "expressive internal drive". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MnOx samples were prepared and applied to the catalytic combustion of toluene. The results indicated that the KMnO4 content was important to the catalytic performance. Cat‐0.2 (0.2 g KMnO4) possessed the best catalytic performance, and more than 90% of toluene conversion was 255°C. Moderate amounts of KMnO4 facilitated the generation of mixed crystalline phases and structural defects, which led to the generation of more oxygen vacancies. In addition, the Cat‐0.2 possessed high contents of Oads/(Oads + Olatt) and Mn3+/(Mn3+ + Mn4+), which promoted the emergence‐annihilation cycle of oxygen vacancies and facilitated the reaction process of toluene. The reaction pathway of toluene was investigated via in situ DRIFTS, in which the by‐products included benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, benzoate, maleic anhydride, and short‐chain carbonate. Among them, benzoate was the main intermediate in the catalytic oxidation process of toluene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blood is critical for health, supporting key functions like immunity and oxygen transport. While studies have found links between common blood clinical indicators and COVID-19, they cannot provide causal inference due to residual confounding and reverse causality. To identify indicators affecting COVID-19, we analyzed clinical data (n = 2,293, aged 18–65 years) from Guangzhou Medical University's first affiliated hospital (2022-present), identifying 34 significant indicators differentiating COVID-19 patients from healthy controls. Utilizing bidirectional Mendelian randomization analyses, integrating data from over 2.46 million participants from various large-scale studies, we established causal links for six blood indicators with COVID-19 risk, five of which is consistent with our observational findings. Specifically, elevated Troponin I and Platelet Distribution Width levels are linked with increased COVID-19 susceptibility, whereas higher Hematocrit, Hemoglobin, and Neutrophil counts confer a protective effect. Reverse MR analysis confirmed four blood biomarkers influenced by COVID-19, aligning with our observational data for three of them. Notably, COVID-19 exhibited a positive causal relationship with Troponin I (Tnl) and Serum Amyloid Protein A, while a negative association was observed with Plateletcrit. These findings may help identify high-risk individuals and provide further direction on the management of COVID‐19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photodynamic therapy (PDT), as an emerging cancer treatment, requires the development of highly desirable photosensitizers (PSs) with integrated functional groups to achieve enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Coordination‐driven self‐assembly (CDSA) would provide an alternative approach for combining multiple PSs synergistically. Here, we demonstrate a simple yet powerful strategy of combining conventional chromophores (tetraphenylethylene, porphyrin, or Zn‐porphyrin) with pyridinium salt PSs together through condensation reactions, followed by CDSA to construct a series of novel metallo‐supramolecular PSs (S1–S3). The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is dramatically enhanced by the direct combination of two different PSs, and further reinforced in the subsequent ensembles. Among all the ensembles, S2 with two porphyrin cores shows the highest ROS generation efficiency, specific interactions with lysosome, and strong emission for probing cells. Moreover, the cellular and living experiments confirm that S2 has excellent PDT efficacy, biocompatibility, and biosafety. As such, this study will enable the development of more efficient PSs with potential clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photodynamic therapy (PDT), as an emerging cancer treatment, requires the development of highly desirable photosensitizers (PSs) with integrated functional groups to achieve enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Coordination‐driven self‐assembly (CDSA) would provide an alternative approach for combining multiple PSs synergistically. Here, we demonstrate a simple yet powerful strategy of combining conventional chromophores (tetraphenylethylene, porphyrin, or Zn‐porphyrin) with pyridinium salt PSs together through condensation reactions, followed by CDSA to construct a series of novel metallo‐supramolecular PSs (S1–S3). The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is dramatically enhanced by the direct combination of two different PSs, and further reinforced in the subsequent ensembles. Among all the ensembles, S2 with two porphyrin cores shows the highest ROS generation efficiency, specific interactions with lysosome, and strong emission for probing cells. Moreover, the cellular and living experiments confirm that S2 has excellent PDT efficacy, biocompatibility, and biosafety. As such, this study will enable the development of more efficient PSs with potential clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soybean is a photoperiod-sensitive short-day crop whose reproductive period and yield are markedly affected by day-length changes. Seed weight is one of the key traits determining the soybean yield; however, the prominent genes that control the final seed weight of soybean and the mechanisms underlying the photoperiod's effect on this trait remain poorly understood. In this study, we identify SW19 as a major locus controlling soybean seed weight by QTL mapping and determine Dt1 , an orthologous gene of Arabidopsis TFL1 that is known to govern the soybean growth habit, as the causal gene of the SW19 locus. We showed that Dt1 is highly expressed in developing seeds and regulates photoperiod-dependent seed weight in soybean. Further analyses revealed that the Dt1 protein physically interacts with the sucrose transporter GmSWEET10a to negatively regulate the import of sucrose from seed coat to the embryo, thus modulating seed weight under long days. However, Dt1 does not function in seed development under short days due to its very low expression. Importantly, we discovered a novel natural allelic variant of Dt1 (H4 haplotype) that decouples its pleiotropic effects on seed size and growth habit; i.e., this variant remains functional in seed development but fails to regulate the stem growth habit of soybean. Collectively, our findings provide new insights into how soybean seed development responds to photoperiod at different latitudes, offering an ideal genetic component for improving soybean's yield by manipulating its seed weight and growth habit. Soybean plants can perceive photoperiod signals to modulate their seed development. Under long-day conditions, expression of Dt1 , a key gene controlling the growth habit of soybean, is markedly increased in developing seeds. The Dt1 protein physically interacts with the sucrose transporter GmSWEET10a to negatively regulate the transport of sucrose from seed coat to the embryo, thus controlling seed size and weight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Soybean is one of the most economically important crops worldwide and an important source of unsaturated fatty acids and protein for the human diet. Consumer demand for healthy fats and oils is increasing, and the global demand for vegetable oil is expected to double by 2050. Identification of key genes that regulate seed fatty acid content can facilitate molecular breeding of high‐quality soybean varieties with enhanced fatty acid profiles. Here, we analysed the genetic architecture underlying variations in soybean seed fatty acid content using 547 accessions, including mainly landraces and cultivars from northeastern China. Through fatty acid profiling, genome re‐sequencing, population genomics analyses, and GWAS, we identified a SEIPIN homologue at the FA9 locus as an important contributor to seed fatty acid content. Transgenic and multiomics analyses confirmed that FA9 was a key regulator of seed fatty acid content with pleiotropic effects on seed protein and seed size. We identified two major FA9 haplotypes in 1295 resequenced soybean accessions and assessed their phenotypic effects in a field planting of 424 accessions. Soybean accessions carrying FA9H2 had significantly higher total fatty acid contents and lower protein contents than those carrying FA9H1. FA9H2 was absent in wild soybeans but present in 13% of landraces and 26% of cultivars, suggesting that it may have been selected during soybean post‐domestication improvement. FA9 therefore represents a useful genetic resource for molecular breeding of high‐quality soybean varieties with specific seed storage profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the effect of a combination of Team Strategies and Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety (TeamSTEPPS) with modularization teaching in the context of clinical instruction in trauma care. A total of 244 nursing students who participated in clinical practice in orthopaedic wards from March 2020 to April 2022 were divided into two groups that received the same trauma care teaching content. The control group (n = 119) used the traditional teaching approach, and the experimental group (n = 125) utilized a combination of TeamSTEPPS with a modularization teaching model. A questionnaire was used to assess students' theoretical knowledge, practical skills, self-concepts and professional benefits after one month with the goal of determining their end-of-course performance. The theoretical knowledge scores obtained by the control group and the experimental group were 89.56 ± 4.06 and 91.62 ± 2.84, respectively, and these results were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Students preferred the combination of TeamSTEPPS with the modularization teaching model to the traditional instructional method in terms of practical skills, professional self-concepts and professional benefits (P < 0.05). The application of the combination of TeamSTEPPS with modularization teaching in the context of clinical instruction in trauma care made significant contributions to nursing students' mastery of theoretical knowledge and practical skills, enhanced their sense level of professional identity, instilled a correct occupational ideology in such students, and enhanced the professional benefits they were able to obtain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]