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Introduction: Implementation science (IS) offers methods to systematically achieve the Ending the HIV Epidemic goals in the United States, as well as the global UNAIDS targets. Federal funders such as the National Institutes of Mental Health (NIMH) have invested in implementation research to achieve these goals, including supporting the AIDS Research Centres (ARCs), which focus on high‐impact science in HIV and mental health (MH). To facilitate capacity building for the HIV/MH research workforce in IS, "grey areas," or areas of IS that are confusing, particularly for new investigators, should be addressed in the context of HIV/MH research. Discussion: A group of IS experts affiliated with NIMH‐funded ARCs convened to identify common and challenging grey areas. The group generated a preliminary list of 19 grey areas in HIV/MH‐related IS. From the list, the authors developed a survey which was distributed to all ARCs to prioritize grey areas to address in this paper. ARC members across the United States (N = 60) identified priority grey areas requiring clarification. This commentary discusses topics with 40% or more endorsement. The top grey areas that ARC members identified were: (1) Differentiating implementation strategies from interventions; (2) Determining when an intervention has sufficient evidence for adaptation; (3) Integrating recipient perspectives into HIV/MH implementation research; (4) Evaluating whether an implementation strategy is evidence‐based; (5) Identifying rigorous approaches for evaluating the impact of implementation strategies in the absence of a control group or randomization; and (6) Addressing innovation in HIV/MH IS grants. The commentary addresses each grey area by drawing from the existing literature (when available), providing expert guidance on addressing each in the context of HIV/MH research, and providing domestic and global HIV and HIV/MH case examples that address these grey areas. Conclusions: HIV/MH IS is key to achieving domestic and international goals for ending HIV transmission and mitigating its impact. Guidance offered in this paper can help to overcome challenges to rigorous and high‐impact HIV/MH implementation research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dominant explanations of bankruptcy's political development in the United States emphasize how the relatively concentrated interests of creditors and bankruptcy professionals combined with pro-debtor ideology to support the development of a uniquely liberal and comprehensive bankruptcy system. The dominant explanations elucidate much about bankruptcy's political development, but they do little to explain bankruptcy's racialized history and relationship with present-day racial inequality. In this paper, I use a Critical Race Theory (CRT) approach to expand our understanding of bankruptcy's political development. The analysis underscores the role bankruptcy played in converting dispossessed native land and the bodies and labor of enslaved people into financial assets for White families and how bankruptcy contributes to the racial wealth gap by facilitating predatory inclusion today. The paper concludes by considering contemporary proposals for bankruptcy reform in light of the analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we demonstrate the ways in which the schooling of refugee youth in the United States reflects ongoing coloniality in education. Drawing on data collected in a case study, conducted between 2013 and 2016, as part of a larger ongoing ethnography of a Southwest United States District school's response to refugee students, we show how the enactment of policies, pedagogies, and practices within schools reinforce the government's control over refugee students and their families. In schools, the students are kept out of certain school spaces, marginalized in remedial courses, and denied academic opportunities and integrated support services. Using empirical data, we demonstrate how the restriction of the students' movement in and around schools is embedded within the larger limitations embedded in coloniality and assimilation. We situate our analysis within the tensions and interactions between coloniality, assimilation, and neoliberalism as articulated in studies within anthropology and sociology, migration studies, critical refugee studies, and cultural studies. We conclude with a call for the decolonization of education and offer a practical starting point in refugee education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The visibility of transgender athletes in elite sport recently prompted concern surrounding the potential competitive advantages for transgender women who underwent through male puberty before transitioning. In the United States, several states passed legislation banning transgender women from high school and/or college sport for the purpose of removing this advantage and keeping sport equitable for cisgender women. While these laws seek to protect women's sports, does the exclusion of transgender athletes from sports connected to their chosen gender identity lead to another form of sex discrimination? This paper addresses the legality of transgender participation bans and related lawsuits. As these legislative changes and the lawsuits challenging them are on-going, this paper presents a snapshot and assessment of these policies in the United States in 2021, whether they are likely to withstand challenge under the current legal system, and how sport organizations may respond when the law is not clear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of global patent trends in battery recycling, focusing on secondary batteries and related technologies across Korea, China, and the United States. The methodology involved collecting data from various patent databases, followed by quantitative analysis to identify technology trends and guide future development. The research employed statistical tools to analyze patent activities, including the frequency and scope of patent filings, and comparative analysis to highlight differences between countries. This study reveals distinct emphases on technologies such as lithium-ion and waste battery recycling, highlighting notable differences in patent activities among key companies and countries. China's large number of patents in battery manufacturing processes contrasts with the USA's focus on electrochemical cell construction and storage systems, while Korea shows significant activity in waste battery technology. The novelty of this paper lies in its detailed comparative analysis of patent trends across these three major economies, providing insights into the technological focuses and priorities of each country. The study also identifies key challenges, such as the need for consistent innovation and broader geographic coverage in Korea, enhancing patent influence and international presence in China, and ensuring high patent quality and fostering innovation in lagging sectors in the United States. Addressing these challenges through enhanced collaboration, increased R&D investments, and supportive policies is crucial for strengthening the global position and driving further innovation in the battery recycling sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose: The study examines the mediating role of accounting information quality (AQ), a proxy for firms' information risk, in firms' business strategy and the cost of equity (COE) nexus to highlight how AQ provides a mechanism through which a company's business strategy affects its COE. Design/methodology/approach: The research study utilises data from 12,100 firm-year observations of United States (US) non-financial firms from 2001 to 2017, drawn from multiple databases, and employs the bootstrapping method of mediation analysis to test the indirect effect of AQ on the business strategy–COE relationship. The authors rely on Miles and Snow's two pure business strategy typologies, prospectors and defenders and use innate accrual quality and implied COE models to measure AQ and COE, respectively. Findings: The results suggest that AQ partially mediates the relationship between business strategy and COE. The authors document that while innovative-oriented prospector firms have a lower AQ and a higher implied COE, efficiency-oriented defenders are associated with a higher AQ and lower COE. The higher (lower) COE of prospector (defender) firms is observed to be partly due to their lower (higher) AQ. The results indicate that while the idiosyncratic risk implied in firms' strategic orientation can directly influence their COE, the business strategy implications on firms' COE can be indirect through their AQ, a source of information risk. Research limitations/implications: Due to data limitation, it was not possible to measure all possible methods of measuring implied COE. Practical implications: The paper highlights the role of firm's business strategy in pricing decisions by investors. Originality/value: The paper contributes to the existing literature by providing evidence that AQ, a proxy for information risk, is a mechanism through which business strategy affects firms' COE. The authors thus complement extant literature to empirically test the information risk effect inherent in strategic orientation on security pricing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Business resilience has received much attention in this decade because it is an essential and effective means of overcoming various shocks, thereby increasing business desirability. However, it always experiences adjustments from time to time, because environmental changes are bound to occur. For this reason, resilience-forming features continue to develop over time. The main purpose of this paper is to present a map of the evolution of academic work and critical trends, as well as a snapshot of future research on business resilience. This study uses a bibliometric approach to process a total of 722 articles published between 1990 and early 2023 and indexed by SCOPUS. The results show increasing interest in business resilience research from year to year and 2022 it shown to have the highest number of published business resilience articles. The United States is the country that produces the most extensive business resilience research in the world. The authorship result also shows the influential authors within the field. Furthermore, based on the co-word analysis of the research results, the formation of five clusters goes towards describing the latest topics in business resilience research. Based on these five clusters, research trends are proposed to guide potential areas for further research related to research domains that are important to study, extreme situations that affect business, dynamic capabilities that must be possessed and various types of capital that companies must have in dealing with the various conditions. This research can ensure that researchers have inclusive insights on this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the COVID-19 pandemic, early childhood educators (ECEs) made a rapid pivot to remote instruction. Much of this instruction was facilitated by digital learning resources, but the nature and quality of these resources for children's language and literacy learning is an open question. This paper draws on a national U.S. survey of ECEs during the second pandemic school year (2020–2021), which asked them to report on the apps and websites they asked children to use during remote learning. We then engaged in a content analysis of the apps/websites used most frequently, evaluating their quality along several dimensions, including support for a full range of literacy competencies, equity, and accessibility. Survey results indicated that preschool children were asked to use a wide range of apps, but six were used most frequently: YouTube, Seesaw, Starfall, Epic, Boom Cards, and ABC Mouse. The content analysis indicated that most apps supported code-focused literacy skills, but had less capacity to foster oral language and comprehension. Apps also presented few opportunities to approximate the active, hands-on learning characteristic of in-person preschool. Our analysis points to the pressing need for teacher guidance in the selection and use of apps that provide comprehensive support for language and literacy. Prior State of Knowledge: Prior studies have investigated the quality of apps for young children's literacy learning, and several studies have investigated the nature and frequency of remote instruction for children attending preschool during COVID-19. Novel Contributions: The present study reports valuable information about which language and literacy apps early childhood educators asked children to use during remote learning and provides a comprehensive evaluation of those apps, including dimensions such as equity and accessibility that have been previously under-researched. Practical Implications: One important implication for administrators is that teachers need support in finding and learning to use apps that align more closely with early learning standards. Teachers can use the QuELLA rubric in this paper as a tool for evaluating apps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dengue virus (DENV) is endemic to many parts of the world and has serious health and socioeconomic effects even in high-income countries, especially with rapid changes in the climate globally. We explored the literature on dengue vector control methods used in high-income, city settings and associations with dengue incidence, dengue prevalence, or mosquito vector densities. Methods: Studies of any design or year were included if they reported effects on human DENV infection or Aedes vector indices of dengue-specific vector control interventions in high-income, city settings. Results: Of 24 eligible sources, most reported research in the United States (n = 8) or Australia (n = 5). Biocontrol (n = 12) and chemical control (n = 13) were the most frequently discussed vector control methods. Only 6 sources reported data on the effectiveness of a given method in reducing human DENV incidence or prevalence, 2 described effects of larval and adult control on Aedes DENV positivity, 20 reported effectiveness in reducing vector density, using insecticide, larvicide, source reduction, auto-dissemination of pyriproxyfen and Wolbachia, and only 1 described effects on human-vector contact. Conclusions: As most studies reported reductions in vector densities, rather than any effects on human DENV incidence or prevalence, we can draw no clear conclusions on which interventions might be most effective in reducing dengue in high-income, city areas. More research is needed linking evidence on the effects of different DENV vector control methods with dengue incidence/prevalence or mosquito vector densities in high-income, city settings as this is likely to differ from low-income settings. This is a significant evidence gap as climate changes increase the global reach of DENV. The importance of community involvement was clear in several studies, although it is impossible to tease out the relative contributions of this from other control methods used. Author summary: Dengue virus is present in many parts of the world and has serious health and socioeconomic effects even in high-income countries, especially with rapid changes in the climate globally. In this study, we explored the literature on dengue vector control methods used in high-income, city settings and associations with number of human dengue infections, and the density of mosquitoes. We found 24 papers with relevant results. Most of these described studies in the United States or Australia. Most were about various forms of biological or chemical control of the mosquitoes. Few papers discussed effects on human dengue infection. We were unable to draw any clear conclusions on how effective mosquito control methods were as we could identify little research on this subject in this specific setting. More research is needed on this topic, particularly as climate change will make more areas of the world vulnerable to dengue infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) chat programs has opened two distinct paths, one enhancing interaction and another potentially replacing personal understanding. Ethical and legal concerns arise due to the rapid development of these programs. This paper investigates academic discussions on AI in medicine, analyzing the context, frequency, and reasons behind these conversations. Methods: The study collected data from the Web of Science database on articles containing the keyword "ChatGPT" published from January to September 2023, resulting in 786 medically related journal articles. The inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed articles in English related to medicine. Results: The United States led in publications (38.1%), followed by India (15.5%) and China (7.0%). Keywords such as "patient" (16.7%), "research" (12%), and "performance" (10.6%) were prevalent. The Cureus Journal of Medical Science (11.8%) had the most publications, followed by the Annals of Biomedical Engineering (8.3%). August 2023 had the highest number of publications (29.3%), with significant growth between February to March and April to May. Medical General Internal (21.0%) was the most common category, followed by Surgery (15.4%) and Radiology (7.9%). Discussion: The prominence of India in ChatGPT research, despite lower research funding, indicates the platform's popularity and highlights the importance of monitoring its use for potential medical misinformation. China's interest in ChatGPT research suggests a focus on Natural Language Processing (NLP) AI applications, despite public bans on the platform. Cureus' success in publishing ChatGPT articles can be attributed to its open-access, rapid publication model. The study identifies research trends in plastic surgery, radiology, and obstetric gynecology, emphasizing the need for ethical considerations and reliability assessments in the application of ChatGPT in medical practice. Conclusion: ChatGPT's presence in medical literature is growing rapidly across various specialties, but concerns related to safety, privacy, and accuracy persist. More research is needed to assess its suitability for patient care and implications for non-medical use. Skepticism and thorough review of research are essential, as current studies may face retraction as more information emerges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Community college transfer pathways are critical for advancing gender equity in STEM. Yet, community college students are often ignored within studies of women's participation in undergraduate computing. In a first effort to address this gap in the literature, this paper explores the composition of transfer-intending computing students over time (Study One) and gender differences in the characteristics and experiences of transfer-intending computing students (Study Two). Methods: This descriptive paper uses Center for Community College Student Engagement (CCCSE) survey data. Study One relies on a sample of nearly 30,000 transfer aspirants in computing across the United States between 2011 and 2019, allowing us to explore trends over time. Study Two examines a subset of over 9,000 students from the most recent survey cohort, providing a more nuanced snapshot of transfer-intending computing students. Descriptive statistics were used to examine how student experiences differ by gender and race/ethnicity. Results: Study One findings show that women's representation among transfer-intending computing students has declined over time. Study Two results reveal that, relative to men, women spend more time caregiving, commuting, studying, in student groups, and utilizing advising services, pointing to unique demands on women's time. We also identify significant differences in how Black and Indigenous women financed their college, relative to other women. Conclusions: While women are underrepresented among transfer-intending computing students, they represent a diverse group to support. We point to recommendations for policy and practice to support transfer-intending women in STEM and future research that considers intersectional identities among this diverse group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper analyses the establishment and evolution of a public oversight body (POB) – the Egyptian Audit Oversight Unit (AOU) – and its implications for local auditing firms and practices. Design/methodology/approach: Primary data were gathered from 34 semi-structured interviews (including follow-up ones) between 2014 and 2020. Secondary data was obtained through publicly available documents and internal memos. Drawing on Debord's (1967) Society of the Spectacle, the insights focus on the POB's conception, materialisation and evolution in a context characterised by weak regulatory structures. Findings: Through a series of acts, the findings reveal how the AOU first accepted the image of "international best practice" oversight (the "metaphorical"), followed by the construction of the local structure and décor replicating a United States (US) style POB archetype (the "transformational") by primarily relying on visible processes/procedures. Yet, these mechanisms emphasised the spectacular nature of oversight, with little improvement for practice and limiting itself to "cracking down" on smaller local firms. A final stage (the "performative") reveals how the AOU seeks to expand its activities beyond its original mandate without challenging the image-driven nature of its oversight. Originality/value: The paper offers two key contributions. First, it reveals how actors, through a combination of symbolic and tangible measures, create a new performative reality of public oversight. Second, it advocates Debord's "spectacle" to complement other theoretical lenses, with a view to illuminating the materialisation stages that bridge the gap between proclaimed oversight policies and actual practices (including conscious and unconscious omissions) within a given political economy context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses the syndrome of compulsive hoarding in three aspects: difficulties in defining the phenomenon, features characterising those affected, and auxiliary guidelines in working with hoarders, aimed at taking control over the urge to collect and hoard unnecessary items. The analysis focuses on the problems related to the diagnosis of affected people, the process of support for those affected and the scale of the problem. On the basis of estimates, state that there are between 1% and 2% of people in the entire population suffering from compulsive hoarding which can directly threaten their lives. This amounts to between 3 and 6 million people in the United States, between 4 and 9 million people in the European Union, and between 64 and 129 million around the world. Solutions used in Western European countries towards dysfunctional people with the use of the organisation plan showed only minimal improvement of their living conditions. Aid programmes and day care centres show that effectiveness thereof in combating hoarding is low due to the lack of the hoarder’s engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To support the movement in marine fisheries management toward ecosystem‐based fisheries management by exploring ecosystem‐level reference points (ELRPs) as an option for managing fisheries at the ecosystem level. An ELRP is an ecosystem harvest level or indicator with one or more associated benchmarks or thresholds (i.e., targets, limits) to identify, monitor, or maintain desirable ecosystem conditions and functions. Methods: This paper explores the development and implementation of ELRPs in fisheries management to support ecosystem and fisheries sustainability, help identify when ecosystem changes that impact fisheries resources occur, and foster discussions of trade‐offs in management decisions. Result: We organize existing and potential ELRPs into five categories (statistical analysis of nonlinear dynamics and tipping points, ecosystem productivity, ecosystem trophic information, biodiversity, and human dimensions), provide an overview of analytical methods that can estimate ELRP benchmarks, provide examples of where ELRP benchmarks are being used today, and evaluate pros and cons of the different ELRP categories. We also attempt to identify potential next steps for fisheries scientists and managers to further the science, development, and application of ELRPs. Conclusion: Ecosystem‐level reference points can be used as a proactive accountability mechanism to achieve ecosystem objectives and maintain the ecosystem in a preferred operating space or as an early warning that ecosystem‐level changes (e.g., tipping points) could be imminent if current biological and ecological trends in the system continue. Impact statementEcosystem‐level reference points (ELRPs) are a fundamental concept in ecosystem‐based fisheries management (EBFM) that are not currently being used to their full potential. Given the challenges associated with managing fisheries in a changing climate, this paper highlights ELRPs as a tool to advance the field of EBFM in the United States and globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most critics focus on the pain and suffering of the first-generation Vietnamese immigrants depicted in Lan Cao's Monkey Bridge. This paper explores how Cao strategically uses the philosophy of karma in Vietnamese Buddhism to provide a method for alleviating their suffering in this novel. It argues that she employs karma to investigate the origins of the adversity and trauma experienced by the first-generation Vietnamese immigrants, including the pro-American attitude of the early Vietnamese authorities during the Vietnam War, the imperialistic actions of the United States, and the resulting karmic consequences. In addition, they demonstrate, through actions like forming "hui", a way to change their fate and heal their trauma for later generations of Vietnamese immigrants, emphasizing positive transformation of karma. This paper suggests that the Buddhist philosophy of karma provides an effective strategy for Vietnamese American immigrants to reflect on the Vietnam War, overcome adversity, and heal their own trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in the United States (US) has disproportionately affected minority populations more than their white counterparts. A population that is often overlooked is the Asian American population, particularly Southeastern Asian immigrants. Despite having relatively favorable socioeconomic indicators compared to the general US population, Asian Americans, specifically Southeast Asian individuals, face a significant burden of traditional cardiovascular risk factors and are considered a high cardiovascular disease risk group. In addition, most studies have aggregated Asian populations into one major racial group rather than analyzing the different ethnicities among the Asian categorization. While some studies suggest that the acculturation process has some degree of impact on cardiovascular health, there has not been a widely-used tool to measure or ascertain the totality of acculturation. Instead, multiple proxies have been used to measure acculturation, and prior studies have argued for more culturally-tailored acculturation proxies. This paper aims to assess the implications of different acculturation measures on cardiovascular health among Asian Americans, particularly Southeastern Asian immigrants. The following proxies were expanded on in this paper: English spoken at home, length of stay in the US, religiosity and spirituality, and admixed family structures. Previous studies showed that as the length of stay in the US increases, the burden of cardiovascular risk factors increases. However, the impact of English spoken at home, religiosity, and admixed family structure are still inconclusive given the extent of current studies. While most studies suggest that an increase in acculturation increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, it is critical to note that acculturation is a multifaceted process. Therefore, more studies are necessary to appropriately examine the implications of various acculturation processes on cardiovascular risk factors in Asians, specifically Southeastern Asian individuals in the US. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Macrophages play a crucial role in aiding all phases of the wound‐healing process and has garnered increasing attention recently. Although a substantial body of related studies has been published, there remains a lack of comprehensive bibliometric analysis. In this study, we collected 4296 papers from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Three tools including CiteSpace, VOSviewer and one online analytical platform were employed to conduct bibliometric analysis and data visualization. Our results revealed that the annual number of publications related to macrophage and wound healing has increased exponentially with the year. The United States and China stand as the primary driving forces within this field, collectively constituting 58.2% of the total publication output. The application of biomaterials was one of the most concerned research areas in this field. According to references analysis, the current research focus has shifted to diabetic wound healing and regulating macrophage polarization. Based on the keywords analysis, we identified the following research frontiers in the future: exosomes and other extracellular vesicles; bio‐derived materials and drug delivery methods such as nanoparticles, scaffolds and hydrogels; immunomodulation and macrophage polarization in the M2‐state; chronic wounds, particularly those associated with diabetes; antimicrobial peptides; and antioxidant. Additionally, TNF, IL‐6, IL‐10, TGF‐β1 and VEGF ranked as the five genes that have garnered the most research attention in the intersection of macrophage and wound healing. All in all, our findings offered researchers a holistic view of the ongoing progress in the field of macrophages and wound healing, serving as a valuable reference for scholars and policymakers in this domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Redistribution for income equality is a contentious issue, with advocates citing increased economic stability and skeptics fearing potential negative impacts on economic growth. The United States (U.S.) faces notably high income inequality compared to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) average, with wealth concentrated in the top brackets. This paper critically examines the existing U.S. redistribution methods, including the taxation system and welfare programs, highlighting challenges such as the lack of tax progressiveness in top brackets and limited redistribution compared to European counterparts. Based on this overview, the study evaluates alternative redistribution strategies, including wealth and business taxes. The paper compares theory with insights from pilot programs in other countries. Finally, the paper argues for a universal basic income (UBI) set at per-capita welfare spending, positing that this approach can empower individuals to escape poverty traps, enhance productivity, and introduce a choice mechanism for welfare consumption. Ultimately, this research seeks to propose the most effective and feasible income redistribution policies for the U.S. to bridge the income inequality gap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify ways in which college students use support-seeking strategies to improve mental health-related goals. Participants: Participants included college students from a Mid-Atlantic university who identified as having experienced anxiety or depression in their lifetime. Method: Using a support marshaling framework and thematic analysis, this paper analyzed qualitative responses (n = 330) that detailed individuals' experiences with network members when trying to gain support or avoid barriers surrounding their mental health. Results: This analysis revealed new support marshaling strategies specific to a mental health context. Participants frequently employed indirect avoidance strategies (e.g., decreased interaction time; 12.66%) and direct approach strategies (e.g., soliciting mental health support; 43.33%). Conclusions: College students equally experience opposition and support when trying to achieve mental health-related goals. Future research might consider which network members express support and opposition, and how these newly identified strategies apply in support marshaling contexts outside mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health communication research has played a prominent role in the body of scholarship seeking to meaningfully increase the number of life-saving organs available to waitlisted patients. The current paper builds on earlier work in communication seeking to promote organ donation to individuals in community and organizational settings. The goal of this essay is to review health communication-based interventions seeking to meaningfully increase organ donation registrations in motor vehicles' offices (DMV) transactions in the USA. For convenience, I use the acronym DMV, although it is understood different states use different titles for this office. Before describing the nature and impact of communication interventions and their impact in DMV contexts, I will provide context for the problem and briefly review the role of DMV registrations in relation to demand for organs in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Baylor Religion Survey (Wave 6; 2021) contains the most comprehensive set of prayer questions of any national survey of the USA; it also contains multiple indicators of mental health and well-being, specifically measures of happiness, depression, anxiety, sense of control, mattering, and dignity. This paper provides a complete overview of how various dimensions of prayer correlate with these different aspects of well-being. While many of these relationships will require more intensive investigation, our synopsis provides confirmation of past expectations using new data. Overall, we find that prayer is related to mental well-being in both positive and negative ways. Specifically, we find that praying with others and positive emotions felt during prayer are correlated with greater overall mental health and more positive self-concepts. However, we also find that petitionary prayer topics, belief that God is impersonal, and negative emotions felt during prayer coincide with higher levels of depression, anxiety, and a lack of control. Generally, these conclusions hold after controlling for basic demographics, religious tradition, and church attendance, which confirms that mental well-being is related to the practice of prayer in both beneficial and detrimental ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychiatric clinical diagnostic formulation has evolved over time. The changes alter our understanding and our ability to provide a public health perspective on the epidemiology of mental disorders in large populations. Epidemiology is an important perspective and set of tools to assess prevalence, treated prevalence, untreated prevalence, individual risks for mental disorders, and possible links to the etiology of disorders by following the trails of environmental exposures, biological measures, interpersonal dynamics, and genetic risk factors. As communities develop health-care services to treat individuals with mental disorders, knowledge about their prevalence and treatment requirements is also important. Since severe mental disorders may require institutional care, the diagnostic criteria used may either protect an individual's liability for dangerous behavior (i.e. the insanity defense) or be used to control political and social dissidents. The criteria may also be used to determine evidence-based treatment options and eligibility for disability benefits. In this paper, using my vantage points as a physician scientist and public health officer, with leadership positions in national federal and professional mental health organizations, I address the developments in these areas over the past 50 years that have influenced institutional positions in the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health, the World Health Organization, the American Psychiatric Association, and the Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress. These perspectives may aid the next generation of investigators to advance the epidemiological and mental disorder classification scientific fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) are the most effective forms of contraception available and therefore play a critical role in supporting patients to exercise bodily autonomy and achieve reproductive goals. A comprehensive set of quality improvement (QI) interventions were implemented between March and June 2019 to improve LARC access at a federally qualified health center (FQHC) in (US State). Methods: An evaluation study was conducted to assess the impact of the QI initiative considering the number of LARCS delivered as a proxy for access. The Wilcoxon-rank test was applied to test for significance, given a non-parametric sample of LARCs delivered by 13 providers (matched to themselves) pre- and post-intervention. Reimbursement for LARC procedures pre- and post-intervention was also examined to determine economic impact and sustainability of incorporating a new device, the Liletta™, in the floor stock. Results: There was a statistically significant increase in LARC delivery between July 2019-March 2020 compared to July 2018-March 2019. Approximately $1,000 per month increased reimbursement for LARC services occurred post-intervention. The evaluation study concluded success of the QI intervention, with need for further study needed to determine equitable delivery of contraceptive services between different subpopulations and by insurance status. Conclusions for Practice: The study provides a blueprint for QI initiatives to improve access to LARCs while also increasing revenue for LARC services in an FQHC setting. Significance: What is already known on this subject?: LARC services at FQHCs has been described at the national level. (Beeson et al., Contraception (Stoneham), 89(2), 91–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2013.09.014, 2014) Prospective cohort trials have been conducted to assess the impact of optimizing LARC access via the CHOICE project studies. McNicholas (Clin. Obstet. Gynecol. 57(4):635–643, 2014) A study of Title X funded clinics examined the impact of stocking the Liletta™ device (Roth et al., Contraception (Stoneham), 98(1), 63–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2018.03.029, 2018), and DeBoer (NWH 22(4):302–309, 2018) report on a QI approach to align LARC delivery with recent guidelines. What this study adds?: The paper defines operational considerations for improving LARC access, including device stocking and management, staff capacity, and appointment/schedule management, using a multidisciplinary QI approach, with positive financial impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Leaderboards are among the most popular gamification elements in education. Some studies have implemented leaderboards and reported their individual effects on students' learning. Despite the emergence of relevant empirical studies, most of the existing reviews have only investigated the holistic impact of gamification. No previous systematic reviews were identified examining the individual use of leaderboards. Objective: To address this gap, this review aims to systematically synthesise the existing empirical evidence concerning leaderboard use in education, examine their designs and effectiveness, and propose leaderboard design recommendations in gamified educational settings. Method: This systematic review drew upon 20 articles (22 studies; 29 interventions) published from 2014 to 2023. Results: The results found that using leaderboards can have a beneficial influence on students' learning motivation, engagement, and performance, but their effectiveness largely depends on their designs. Thus, this review examined the effectiveness of specific leaderboard design practices on students' learning and proposed four corresponding leaderboard design recommendations based on well‐established educational and motivational theories as well as pertinent empirical studies. Discussions and Conclusions: Notably, this review found that all included studies were undertaken in higher education and around half of them had short durations (less than or equal to 1 h). More longitudinal studies in other educational levels (e.g., primary and secondary schools) are thus called for to examine the validity and generalisability of the recommendations proposed. Lay Description: What is currently known about this topic?: Leaderboards are among the most popular gamification elements in education.Studies have reported mixed effects of leaderboards on students' learning. What does this paper add?: Many studies were conducted in higher education and had a short duration.The effectiveness of leaderboards largely depends on their design.This review proposes four leaderboard design recommendations. Implications for practice/or policy: Longitudinal studies in primary or secondary schools are called for.Absolute leaderboards with low‐ranking students anonymised may be more effective.Leaderboards should rank students based on their performance and engagement.Leaderboards should be used with clear ranking rules and goal‐related feedback. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Parental time with children varies across cultures but has mostly been studied in a European context. In this paper we estimate whether the association of work and gender with parental allocation of time is different in South Korea and the United States. Background: We suggest that household level characteristics are associated with the time parents spend with their children, but that these associations are more gendered in South Korea than in the United States. Method: We used data from the 2003–2018 American Time Use Survey (n = 38,562) and 2004–2014 Korean Time Use Survey (n = 12,828). Using ordinary least squares, we estimated the association of the intersection of gender and work in predicting parental time with children. Results: Gender is an important factor in time allocation in South Korea, where education was positively associated and working hours were negatively associated with mothers', but not fathers', time spent with their children. In the United States, resources and work have a dominant role, as both parents tend to spend more time with their children if they have higher education and income and work fewer hours. Conclusion: In South Korea, a gendered regime is associated with the allocation of parental time only; mothers are influenced by their spouses' time allocation and resources. The United States follows a trade‐off regime, where resources are associated with time spent with children, whereas gender plays a smaller role in parental time allocation. Implications: Studying parental time allocation should account for the intertwined relationship of culture, resources, and gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A significant amount of research has been devoted to studying the sociopolitical incorporation of immigrants and their descendants both socially and structurally. However, questions remain about how psychological mechanisms play a role in the incorporation process. While some immigrants might internalize a sense of social alienation, others might be able to overcome the detrimental impact of historical and present-day exclusion and develop a psychological notion of belonging to US society. To test the role of a psychological mechanism in the incorporation process, I rely on national survey data from the 2016 Collaborative Multiracial Post-Election Survey and a novel survey experiment. By leveraging these data, I examine the determinants of perceptions of inclusion in the United States among Latinos. The findings present a mixed picture of incorporation. I find that as Latinos become more familiarized with the United States culturally and socially, they are more likely to develop a sense of belonging. However, both experiencing discrimination and perceiving that the in-group faces discrimination negatively shape Latinos' psychological sense of belongingness. Furthermore, receiving hostile messaging causes Latinos to feel less included in the US society. This paper highlights a social psychological mechanism of racialized incorporation, capturing whether immigrants and their descendants feel that they belong and are part of the host society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper theorizes the interplay of public and organizational policies by investigating whether the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) shifted patterns of gender inequality within U.S. workplaces. Did this leave law increase women's representation in positions of authority (moving more women into management jobs)? We argue that the impact of public policies will vary by organizational context, hypothesizing different effects by organizations' points of departure—the corporate policies in place when public policy changes. Analyzing establishment-level panel data from approximately 800 U.S. private-sector establishments in 1990–1997, we found that women's representation in managerial positions increased in the years immediately after the FMLA. Importantly, women's representation in management increased the most in workplaces that provided more generous leave benefits even before the FMLA. The increase in managerial representation was most prominent for women of color. Consistent with relational inequality theory, these findings suggest that women may find it easier to make claims for leave and for career advancement when both legal and organizational policies lend legitimacy to their claims. More broadly, this study points to the need to explicitly evaluate how policy impacts vary by organizational norms and commitments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on a qualitative study, this paper explores how United States public health professionals view and think about the existing U.S. healthcare system, while also allowing these study participants to imagine new ways of structuring and practicing public health. Using semi-structured qualitative interviews, I show how public health professionals engage with the concept of "the social" and their personal experiences with public health to question the status quo. By giving public health professionals space in which to imagine changes and different ways of practicing public health, I demonstrate the effectiveness of imagination as a capacity that public health professionals possess to take the lead in creating the changes they hope for. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the social support provided by domestic animals to humans during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The study comprises interviews with 39 British and American pet owners during March 2021, the point at which the UK had recently emerged from the third national lockdown and US states were under various restrictions. A thematic network approach to data analysis revealed four global themes, illustrating how pets provided buffers to the stress of the pandemic, facilitated ontological security by maintaining a sense of routine and purpose, offered myriad types of emotional support and enhanced and enabled wider social support. Taken together, these results reinforce and extend knowledge pertaining to the importance of companion animals for social support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The United States has widely experimented with merit-based financial aid to make college more accessible and affordable for its youth. Varying in design and benefits, these state-run programs subsidize college costs for academically meritorious high-school graduates. While broadly linked to higher college attendance the distribution of aid benefits depends critically on the eligibility criteria. States often make post-adoption changes to merit requirements to lower program costs, but little is known about their impact on youth's college decisions. This paper evaluates the effects of such eligibility revisions using West Virginia's PROMISE scholarship, which, unlike its peers, frequently hardened merit rules post-inception. We leverage the discontinuities in the timing of the scholarship's adoption and its successive modifications to estimate the policy-induced changes in students' college choice. We use two robust inference models – difference-in-difference and synthetic control, on institution-level enrollment data from the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data Systems (IPEDS). We estimate a 6.5% growth in college enrollments immediately following PROMISE that fades rapidly once aid eligibility narrows. We find that this initial enrollment jump is attributable to an aid-induced improvement in the average youth's college readiness which is confined to the high achievers after the program scope narrows. Additionally, enrollments shift from 4-year to 2-year colleges post eligibility revisions. Our results show that the stiffer criteria redirect the aid benefits toward youth with already better access to college. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disproportionality and inequity exist in the special education services that U.S. children receive based on factors such as race, geographic location, and resources of the school system. Overrepresentation and underrepresentation are both prevalent issues and can vary by region or school district and are likely due to multiple factors. Although several areas of special education services have been examined critically, one missing piece in the literature seems to be the writing and revising of the Individualized Education Program (IEP). The purpose of this paper is to examine the literature and background of special education services and the IEP, followed by an examination of the required portions of the IEP form and where the existing law might allow for implicit biases, specifically racism, to surface in the development of this program and its implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Provision of services for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and developmental disabilities (DD) in Nigeria has been influenced by US and international research and awareness efforts. Forces that impact progress include Nigerian cultural beliefs and family involvement, societal attitudes, inadequate infrastructure and resources, and inconsistent policy and enforcement of disability laws. These forces can impact families both positively and negatively. A lack of standardised teacher training and accreditation programs limit access for students with disabilities to individualised education programs (IEPs) and classroom inclusion. Effective treatments for those with ASD/DD are well-documented, however these effective interventions often do not reach more rural, low-income, or less developed nations or rural, low socioeconomic US schools. The focus of this paper is to thoroughly analyse the evolution of special education and inclusion in Nigeria and the United States and to highlight how US progression influenced Nigeria and the importance of advocating for culturally relevant, low-cost, research-based interventions and outreach African nations such as Nigeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper conducts a scoping review to identify studies which use the framework of intersectionality to understand the overrepresentation of Black women, children, and families within the child welfare system. A comprehensive review of electronic databases was conducted as of June 2021. Of the 4,663 records identified, ten peer-reviewed journal articles met criteria for inclusion within the study across the disciplines of social work, law, public health, and criminal justice. Additional empirical, peer-reviewed journal articles are needed to understand the overrepresentation of Black women, children, and families within the child welfare system using the framework of intersectionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholarly analyses of Catharine MacKinnon's influence on US jurisprudence regarding sexual harassment focus almost exclusively on Title VII law. Little attention has been paid to Title IX and Alexander v. Yale, wherein lawyers for the plaintiffs used her theories to argue—successfully—a bold claim: that sexual harassment within educational institutions was sex discrimination, and thus violated Title IX. Moreover, little scholarly work on MacKinnon's influence is substantiated by a close reading of court documents. In this article, I address these gaps by pairing an examination of documents from Alexander v. Yale with an explication of the philosophical distinctiveness of MacKinnon's theories regarding sexual harassment to argue that her theories played a substantial role in this legal victory. Contextualising the legal documents and MacKinnon's writings within a consideration of the origins of Title IX allows for a renewed and more firmly established understanding of her substantial contribution to US jurisprudence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Following the recent proliferation of anti-discrimination protections supporting LGBTIQ+ youth internationally, backlash periods have ensued. Whilst liberal-progressive rights models theorise 'backlash' as an expected consequence of rights recognitions progress, some post-colonial and Queer scholars frame backlash within enduring authoritarian anti-rights tendencies, and question assumptions of progress. To understand backlash more adequately, this paper explores state-level anti-LGBTIQ+ Bills potentially impacting youth proposed in the USA between 2018 and 2022. Critical discourse analysis is used to map the different types, locations, conceptual arrangements and outcomes of 543 anti-LGBTIQ+ rights US state-level proposed Bills. Bill attempts were mainly concentrated in Republican-governed states including Tennessee (48), Missouri (40), Iowa (39), Oklahoma (32) and Texas (32). Overly extended claims concerning girls/women's religious and parental rights were advanced in opposition to LGBTIQ+ youth rights, and as part of wider rights attacks. Bills used anti-rights and pro-rights discourses to mask as 'backlash' the rights claims advanced by elite-led anti-rights mobilisations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Being on a career plateau is widely regarded as an undesirable career experience characterised by a lack of individual proactivity, ability, or opportunity for promotion. In this paper, we present an alternative view arguing that some employees may choose to plateau their careers and deliberately forego opportunities for hierarchical progression. Drawing on in‐depth interviews with 75 law enforcement officers in the US and Australia, we explore why they declined a promotion opportunity or elected not to apply for promotion. Drawing on social cognitive career theory, we develop a provisional taxonomy characterised by individual proactivity: self‐initiated and self‐resigned career plateaus. Specifically, we report how the decision to remain on either of these career plateaus is informed by either the low valence accorded to a promoted position or, paradoxically, the reduced self‐efficacy in navigating what is viewed as a flawed promotion system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives The intergenerational stake hypothesis and theories of the life course posit that older generations are invested in the well-being of younger generations. Consistent with this, previous research has shown that adult children's problems are associated with worse parental well-being. Because multigenerational ties have become increasingly important in the 21st century, we propose that adult grandchildren's problems may also impact grandparents' well-being. In this paper, we test this hypothesis and investigate the moderating effects of grandparents' race and maternal/paternal status. Methods The analytic sample includes 206 grandparents aged 65–95 who participated in the second wave of the Family Exchanges Study. Adult grandchildren's problems were operationalized as the proportions of adult grandchildren who experienced (1) physical–emotional problems and (2) lifestyle–behavioral problems. Results Main effects multilevel analyses suggested that adult grandchildren's problems did not predict grandparents' well-being. However, moderation analyses revealed that the association between grandparents' depressive symptoms and adult grandchildren's physical–emotional problems was larger among Black than White grandparents, and maternal than paternal grandparents. Adult grandchildren's lifestyle–behavioral problems did not predict grandparents' depression, and these effects were not conditioned by race or maternal/paternal status. Discussion These findings expand research on the importance of grandparent–adult grandchild relationships and contribute to research on multigenerational relationships and health by considering how problems experienced by members of younger generations affect the psychological well-being of older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, vaccines were quickly and successfully developed and deployed, saving millions of lives globally. While first-generation vaccines are safe and effective in preventing disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, next-generation vaccines have the potential to improve efficacy and safety. Vaccines delivered by a mucosal route may elicit greater protective immunity at respiratory surfaces, thereby reducing transmission. Inclusion of viral antigens in addition to the spike protein may enhance protection against emerging variants of concern. Next-generation vaccine platforms with a new mechanism of action may necessitate efficacy trials to fulfill regulatory requirements. The Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) will be supporting Phase 2b clinical trials of candidate next-generation vaccines. The primary endpoint will be improved efficacy in terms of symptomatic disease relative to a currently approved COVID-19 vaccine. In this paper, we discuss the planned endpoints and potential challenges to this complex program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The voices virtual on‐screen characters use has been shown to impact learning and perception outcomes. Recent replication research on these voices showed that synthetic voices were not a detriment if produced by a high‐quality engine with clear articulation. The current manuscript examines previous accent research that utilized now outdated engines, to determine if the impact of accents still holds with high‐quality engines and voice actors. Objectives: To investigate the impact on learning and perceptions with pedagogical agents speaking in accented voices, synthetic voices, and the interaction between the two using modern voice engines. Methods: This study is a between‐subjects two (accent) by two (type) factorial design to determine the impact the voice accent, voice type, and the interaction have on learning retention, learning transfer, mental effort efficiency, and perception measures. 197 participants were recruited from the online Amazon's Mechanical Turk with qualifications of 18 years of age, "normal or corrected‐to‐normal hearing", and located with the continental United States of America. Results and Conclusions: There were no significant differences between the accented conditions or interaction effects, deviating from previous research that showed impact of accents on learning. The synthetic condition had significantly lower knowledge retention, knowledge transfer, mental effort efficiency, and perception measures than the human professional. These findings demonstrate the importance of considering voice quality when designing pedagogical agents. Previous research showed synthetic voices perform as well as the average voice, and this research continues the narrative of voice quality by showing professional recordings outperform modern synthetic engines. Lay Description: What is currently known about this topic: Accents and synthetic voices can impact learning from virtual humans. What does this paper add: Shows professional human voices outperform modern synthetics, a quality effect. Implications for practice/or policy: Creators of educational materials should aim for professional voice actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluating information quality online is increasingly important for healthy decision‐making. People assess information quality using visual interfaces (e.g., computers, smartphones) with visual cues like aesthetics. Yet, voice interfaces lack critical visual cues for evaluating information because there is often no visual display. Without ways to assess voice‐based information quality, people may overly trust or misinterpret information which can be challenging in high‐risk or sensitive contexts. This paper investigates voice information uncertainty in one high‐risk context—health information seeking. We recruited 30 adults (ages 18–84) in the United States to participate in scenario‐based interviews about health topics. Our findings provide evidence of information uncertainty expectations with voice assistants, voice search preferences, and the audio cues they use to assess information quality. We contribute a nuanced discussion of how to inform more critical information ecosystems with voice technologies and propose ways to design audio cues to help people more quickly assess content quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of Registered Nurses working in residential aged care facilities pertaining to pain management for residents living with dementia. Background: Sub-optimal pain management continues for people living with dementia in residential aged care. Registered Nurses are the pivotal staff responsible for complex assessment and management of people residing in residential aged care facilities. Design and methods: :This integrative literature review was informed by Whittemore (2005). Searching and screening followed the PRISMA guidelines. Results: Thirteen papers were identified, the major themes identified were gaps in knowledge and skills, uncertainty of assessment, and delays in treatment. Conclusion: Registered Nurses require education on pain management for people living with dementia in residential aged care. Broader issues in residential aged care contribute to the problem and require examination. Research pertaining to Registered Nurses' roles pain management for residents living with dementia is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, schools in the United States are highly diversified and integrated. In other words, the integration of students representing multiple identities and positionalities existing in the same educational spaces is much more common. The purpose of this study was to examine elementary school principals' perspectives on inclusive education. Grounded in social constructionism, the research design was a descriptive case study positioned using qualitative methodology. The primary data sources were semi‐structured one‐on‐one Zoom interviews with four elementary school principals from the Midwestern region of the United States; and researchers' reflexive notes in order to understand how principals understand and deploy inclusion within their respective schools. Based on thematic analysis, in this paper, we constructed the following interrelated themes: (a) building discourses around inclusion from prior educational experiences; (b) culturally responsive leadership as a practice to inclusion; (c) collective feelings of safety, comfort and harmony and (d) the negotiation of privilege. These themes highlighted that the conceptualization and implementation of inclusion heavily prioritize the perspectives of professionals within schools rather than those of the individuals being included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolescents faced with chronic stressors (e.g., financial instability, interpersonal violence) are at heightened risk for developing mental health problems, likely due in part to stressors that interfere with effective emotion regulation. Although mindfulness may help to act as a buffer against the deleterious effects of life stressors, a relatively untested assumption is that adolescents can maintain mindfulness during periods of stress. This paper explores this assumption by investigating the real‐time, dynamic relationships among life stressors, mindfulness, and emotion regulation difficulties among adolescents exposed to chronic stressors. Eighty‐one participants who were 10–18 years old (M = 14.33; SD = 2.20; 56% male; 57% Non‐Hispanic White) completed ecological momentary assessments (EMA) three times a day for 7 days and contributed a total of 1186 EMA reports. Multilevel structural equation modelling revealed that the presence (vs. absence) of stressors was associated with lower momentary mindfulness and greater momentary emotion regulation difficulties concurrently and prospectively. Stressors with greater severity were also concurrently, but not prospectively, associated with lower momentary mindfulness and greater momentary emotion regulation difficulties. Findings highlight that exposure to life stressors may degrade momentary mindfulness and emotion regulation. Given that mindfulness and emotion regulation are closely associated with mental health, these results also demonstrate one way that stressors may contribute to health disparities at the micro‐level. Going forward, it will be important to investigate methods of helping adolescents learn to maintain mindfulness and adaptive emotion regulation in the face of stressful events. This study was preregistered (NCT04927286). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growing nursing workforce maldistributions impede rural healthcare access globally. In‐depth exploration of underlying philosophical ideas about rural health in nursing curricular could support recruitment and retention of nurses who are well positioned to support and advocated for health care and services relevant to their communities. Through a lens of positionality, the purpose of this paper is to explore rural health and nursing within the United States and Australia from the perspective of undergraduate students. Recognizing that both countries have 'first world' health services, issues of access to services associated with systemic and structural biases were significant features identified by participants. Their perceptions were supported by discussion with attendees of the 26th International Nursing Philosophy Conference from several countries, during a presentation titled 'What is different about rural health nursing: A philosophical exploration.' This international consistency suggests that systemic and structural biases are global phenomena. While exposure to rural health and rural nursing may be beneficial for recruitment, preparing nurses for rural practice requires more than educating students to complete clinical tasks. Uncovering collaboration, advocacy and policy development opportunities for nurses in rural communities could move the dial from recruiting rural nurses to fulfill immediate needs to retention of well‐educated and highly skilled nurses. Building a stronger philosophical base for rural healthcare inclusive of all people, honouring their distinguishing characteristics such as age, gender, ethnicity, is long overdue. Positionality can inform how nurses across the globe relate to other countries' governments, cultures, norms, values, expectations, etc., which can influence the advancement of the profession and address social inequities among rural populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even though political vlogging, largely understood as the production of online videos to demand accountability from the state, provides an avenue for netizens to express dissent, this form of civic engagement comes with drawbacks. Based on selective archiving of the political rhetoric of 12 disenfranchised Ghanaian migrants domiciled in the United States and Europe, I draw attention to four main epistemic complications inherent in the diasporians' public opinions of a perceived political crisis in Ghana. The analysis shows that the migrants raise emotional arguments concerning such topoi as corruption and bad governance; poor social infrastructure; unemployment; a weak educational system; and the problem of religion and superstition. The study also reveals that the political messaging of the migrants is fundamentally premised on a Eurocentric view of governance which, on the contrary, glorifies Western imperialism, and reinforces Victorian narratives that depict postcolonial subjects as indolent, psychotic, and malevolent. The paper is situated at the intersection of political rhetoric and postcolonial theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of the review was to explore current factors affecting the use of a powered wheelchair for an adult person a with a disability. Materials and Methods: This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement. Information about the characteristics of the studies (type, setting) and perceived barriers and facilitators to powered wheelchair use were extracted using a data extraction sheet. Data synthesis was achieved using narrative synthesis. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Standard Quality Assessment Criteria for Evaluating Primary Research Papers from a Variety of Fields (SQAC) and the CASP checklist (Critical Appraisal Skills Programme), Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, SIGN (Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network). Results: Fifteen studies qualified for inclusion in the review. The narrative synthesis produced a conceptual map of reported factors affecting the usability of a powered wheelchair. Conclusions: This review demonstrates that powered wheelchair use is a multifaceted and multidisciplinary phenomenon that is dependent on numerous interconnected factors including individual adjustment, stakeholder cooperation, societal attitudes, functional performance, and environmental features. Based on the review findings, there are several applied learning outcomes and practical applications to the powered wheelchair prescription and provision. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: The rejection, misuse or damage of a powered wheelchair can result in condition deterioration and loss of independence for the user. Adult powered wheelchair prescription, maintenance, and use is a multi-faceted process spanning social, individual, environmental, technical and functional, and organisational factors. Individuals in this stakeholder network should aim to account for these interdisciplinary factors when engaging with people who use powered wheelchairs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovation is transformative and key to future prosperity. It is therefore of no surprise that antitrust laws seek to promote it. What is surprising, however, is that despite the central role that innovation occupies in competition cases, its actual treatment by the courts is far from nuanced. In this paper, we reflect on the D.C. Circuit's 2023 ruling in New York v. Meta to illustrate the prevailing monocular vision adopted by the court in its treatment of innovation. That vision, we argue, reflects simplistic assumptions as to innovation dynamics and mistaken beliefs about the digital economy. It is further compounded by jurisprudential problems that characterize U.S. antitrust laws. The result is troublesome. While "everyone talks about innovation," the courts do little to inquire on its scope, nature, and value. Nor do courts recognize the impact of anticompetitive strategies deployed by the dominant platforms on disruptive innovations and their heterogeneity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]