153 results
Search Results
2. Healthcare Providers' Attitudes and Experiences of the Quality Use of Medications Among Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Patients in Australia: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies.
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Sawalha, Rawan, Hosseinzadeh, Hassan, and Bajorek, Beata
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MEDICAL quality control ,CULTURAL identity ,ONLINE information services ,HEALTH services accessibility ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,MEDICAL personnel ,TRANSCULTURAL medical care ,CULTURAL pluralism ,COMMUNITIES ,QUALITATIVE research ,CONCEPTUAL structures ,HEALTH care reform ,HEALTH literacy ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,CULTURAL competence ,QUALITY assurance ,COMMUNICATION ,MEDLINE - Abstract
This review aims to identify healthcare providers' (HCPs) experiences with issues related to the quality use of medicines among culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) patients, the underlying factors, and the enablers of and barriers to providing culturally safe care to promote quality use of medicines. The searched databases were Scopus, Web of Science, Academic search complete, CINHAL-Plus, Google Scholar and PubMed/Medline. The initial search returned 643 articles, of which 14 papers were included. HCPs reported that CALD patients were more likely to face challenges in accessing treatment and sufficient information about treatment. According to the theoretical domains framework, determinants such as social influences due to cultural and religious factors, lack of appropriate resources about health information and cultural needs, lack of physical and psychological capabilities such as lack of knowledge and skills, and lack of motivation could impede HCPs' abilities to provide culturally safe care. Future interventions should deploy multilevel interventions, such as education, training, and organisation structural reforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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3. Exploring the Effectiveness and Sustainability of Trust Based Relational Intervention (TBRI®) as a Trauma-informed Approach in Two Tasmanian Child and Family Learning Centres.
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Stephenson, Elspeth and Yost, Helen
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WOUND care ,EVALUATION of human services programs ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,FAMILIES ,EARLY intervention (Education) ,SURVEYS ,TRUST ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,CONCEPTUAL structures ,ADULT education workshops ,CHILD development ,HEALTH facilities ,ADVERSE childhood experiences - Abstract
The impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is well documented and poses challenges for all those living and working with children who have experienced early adversity. The need to be trauma-informed when working with children in all educational settings is now recognised as essential if healing and learning are to take place. There are an increasing number of trauma-informed approaches available, but empirical evidence that supports their efficacy, particularly in the early years of education, is currently scarce. This paper presents the findings of a small-scale study which explored early childhood professionals' perceptions of the effectiveness and sustainability of one trauma-informed approach, Trust Based Relational Intervention (TBRI®). Used widely across the US and Europe, TBRI® is relatively new to Australia and was trialled for the first time in this Tasmanian study. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's (SAMHSA, 2014) concept of trauma and guidance for a trauma-informed approach was used to provide a theoretical framework. Online surveys were used to gather data after each professional learning workshop and three and six-months later. Participants reported several positives of TBRI®, including self-development and improved outcomes for children. Whilst challenges/barriers to using the approach were noted, many related to contextual issues rather than to TBRI® specifically. Findings also showed that equipping families with a similar skill set would be advantageous and integral to effecting sustainable change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. 'He's out of control, I'm out of control, it's just – I've got to do something': a narrative inquiry of child to parent violence.
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Toole-Anstey, Chye, Townsend, Michelle L, and Keevers, Lynne
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FAMILIES & psychology ,POWER (Social sciences) ,PROFESSIONAL practice ,GENDER identity ,RESEARCH funding ,PARENT abuse ,SEX distribution ,ATTITUDES of mothers ,PSYCHOLOGY of mothers ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,MOTHER-child relationship - Abstract
Families globally experience child to parent violence (CPV). Stories of CPV have been considered at an individual and collective level to ascertain themes in parents' accounts to identify enabling and restraining factors for CPV. However, understanding the societal narratives, defined as discourses, which have a multi-directional and entangled relationship with individual recounts of CPV have yet to be investigated. This research utilizes Narrative Inquiry with participatory approaches to explicate the societal narratives within mothers' recounts of CPV. This analysis, guided by the interactional and discursive view of violence, and response-based practice, identifies societal narratives which set the conditions for what is possible and impossible in relation to CPV. The analysis contributes to understanding the attitudes of minimization and concealment of violence within parents' accounts of CPV. The mothers' recounts were constrained and made possible by the 'good' mother narrative and narratives of adolescence and gender. This research examines the intra-actions mothers' recounts have with the societal narratives, and the performance of their roles as (en)actors of the subject positions 'mother' and 'child'. Implications for practice and research include: consideration to practitioner's views of power and subject positions in a parent and child relationship when working with CPV; and practitioners to be critical of essentialism and gender in working with CPV. This study posits a practical demonstration for using the response-based practice approach in research; and a way of viewing stories which can be incorporated in working with families experiencing CPV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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5. Mental Health of Canadian Military-Connected Children: A Qualitative Study Exploring the Perspectives of Service Providers.
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Hill, Shannon, Williams, Ashley, Khalid-Khan, Sarosh, Reddy, Pappu, Groll, Dianne, Rühland, Lucia, and Cramm, Heidi
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LIFESTYLES ,HEALTH services accessibility ,MILITARY medicine ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,PHYSICIAN-patient relations ,RESEARCH methodology ,MENTAL health ,INTERVIEWING ,FAMILIES of military personnel ,QUALITATIVE research ,RESEARCH funding ,PARENT-child relationships ,CONTENT analysis ,PSYCHOLOGICAL stress ,MENTAL health services - Abstract
The military lifestyle can be defined by a triad of unique stressors: frequent relocation, parental absence, and risk of injury, illness and/or death of a serving member. Research has suggested that this unique triad of stressors can impact the mental health of children and youth living in military families. However, research focusing on the mental health of children and youth living in military families overwhelmingly focuses on the American context. Due to key contextual differences, it is unclear to what extent the American findings are representative of military-connected children and youth living in other geographical contexts, such as Canada. A large qualitative study was conducted to explore the mental health of military-connected children in Canada from three perspectives: child, parent, and service provider. This paper reports on the service provider findings. Using individual semi-structured interviews, data were collected from 11 service providers. Data analysis was guided by qualitative content analysis. Two main themes emerged: (1) the mental health of children living in military families may be impacted by the military lifestyle stressors, and (2) the mental health of children living in military families can be impacted by the accessibility and availability of mental health services. While this qualitative study builds upon recent Canadian work that has considered the service provider perspective, additional research is needed to better understand the experiences of service providers who support military-connected children and youth. Highlights: American research shows that the military lifestyle factors can impact the mental health of military-connected children. The mental health of military-connected children has yet to be extensively explored in Canada. The mental health of children living in Canadian military families may be impacted by the military lifestyle stressors. The mental health of Canadian military-connected children can be impacted by the accessibility and availability of mental health services. Our findings can help build capacity and knowledge for service providers who support Canadian military-connected children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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6. Perceived barriers and solutions identified by healthcare professionals in utilizing web-based reminiscence therapy to support dementia care during the pandemic.
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Akhter, Rabia, Sun, Winnie, Quevedo, Alvaro Joffre Uribe, Lemonde, Manon, Liscano, Ramiro, and Horsburgh, Sheri
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TREATMENT of dementia ,SOCIAL support ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,INTERNET ,DIGITAL technology ,TIME ,MEDICAL care ,DEMENTIA patients ,QUALITATIVE research ,EMPLOYEES' workload ,ACCESS to information ,INSTITUTIONAL care ,REMINISCENCE therapy ,COVID-19 pandemic - Abstract
This paper presents findings from a qualitative study conducted in Ontario, Canada, exploring healthcare professionals' perceptions of barriers and solutions for implementing Web-Based Reminiscence Therapy (WBRT) in an institutionalized settings for dementia care during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study identified five major barriers, including the lack of on-boarding/educational training, need for technology availability and technical support, limited attention span of persons with dementia (PWD), availability of multi-sensory features, and time constraints due to staff workload. Seven major themes emerged related to proposed solutions/suggestions: (1) involving younger generations, (2) focusing on technology training, (3) integrating with other digital platforms, (4) adding narratives/descriptions to recollect memories, (5) ensuring accessibility, (6) adding QR codes for retrieving information, and (7) combining digital/traditional reminiscence methods. These findings provide valuable insights for implementing WBRT to facilitate dementia care and for the future refinement of its application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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7. Integrating Substance Misuse Specialists in a Youth Early Psychosis Service: Increasing Mental Health Clinicians' Knowledge and Confidence.
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Hopkins, Liza, Whitehead, Richard, and Pedwell, Glenda
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SUBSTANCE abuse prevention ,PILOT projects ,PROFESSIONS ,CONFIDENCE ,SOCIAL support ,HEALTH services accessibility ,PSYCHOSES ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,QUANTITATIVE research ,ADDICTIONS nursing ,HUMAN services programs ,QUALITY assurance ,COMMUNICATION ,THEMATIC analysis ,MENTAL health services ,EARLY medical intervention - Abstract
Substance misuse and mental health disorders are commonly occurring co-morbidities in young people. This paper reports on a pilot project to embed three specialist Alcohol and Other Drug (AoD) workers to be embedded in a youth early psychosis service to upskill mental health clinicians in managing substance misuse. Evaluation of the project used a mixed methods approach. Quantitative results showed that clinical staff members' knowledge of substance misuse, knowledge of AoD treatments and services, and overall confidence in working with young people with a substance misuse issue improved following implementation of the project. Qualitative results indicated four themes which emerged: defining the role of the AoD workers; support and upskilling of the mental health staff; openness and effective communication between the embedded workers and mental health teams; and barriers to collaboration. The results provide support for the embedding of specialist alcohol and drug workers in youth mental health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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8. Implementierung von Maßnahmen zur Optimierung psychischer Belastungen im Kontext Hochschule: Erfahrungen aus Fallbeispielen und qualitativen Interviews.
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Diebig, Mathias, Heming, Meike, and Angerer, Peter
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WORK ,RISK assessment ,QUALITATIVE research ,PROFESSIONAL practice ,HUMAN services programs ,UNIVERSITIES & colleges ,WORK environment ,INTERVIEWING ,PSYCHOLOGICAL stress ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,JOB stress ,SOCIAL support ,EXPERIENTIAL learning ,EMPLOYEE attitudes ,INDUSTRIAL hygiene ,WELL-being - Abstract
Copyright of Zentralblatt fuer Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2024
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9. Attitudes of European psychiatrists on psychedelics: a cross-sectional survey study.
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Žuljević, Marija Franka, Hren, Darko, Storman, Dawid, Kaliterna, Mariano, and Duplančić, Darko
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ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,INTERNET surveys ,DEMOGRAPHIC surveys ,PUBLIC interest ,REGRESSION analysis - Abstract
Research and public interest in psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) are growing. This study investigated attitudes toward psychedelics among a diverse and multinational sample of psychiatrists currently working in Europe. We conducted an anonymous, web-based survey consisting of demographic information, a test of basic knowledge on psychedelics, and the previously validated 20-item Attitudes on Psychedelics Questionnaire (APQ), which was validated for the first time in English within this sample. We included N = 419 participants from 33 countries in the study. One-third of participants (34%) reported past use of psychedelics. The APQ sub-scale with the highest score was Openness to Psychedelics, while Risk Assessment of Psychedelics was rated lowest. Regression modelling, explaining 31.3% of variance in APQ scores, showed that younger male psychiatrists who identified as spiritual, were better at recognizing and classifying substances as psychedelics and had previously used psychedelics had more positive attitudes on psychedelics. No professional variables besides self-reported previous experience with PAP or psychedelic research predicted APQ scores. European psychiatrists, therefore, show a general openness to psychedelics and PAP, but are concerned by the potential risks associated with them. Our findings overall suggest that psychedelics are a subject where it is difficult to remain impartial. Protocol registration: The study was pre-registered at the Open Science Framework (available online at https://osf.io/upkv3). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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10. Support in Daily Living for Young Adults with Neurodevelopmental Conditions in Sweden: A Qualitative Description of Current Practice.
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Löthberg, Maria, Hirvikoski, Tatja, Girdler, Sonya, Bölte, Sven, and Jonsson, Ulf
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CHILD psychopathology ,QUALITATIVE research ,OCCUPATIONAL roles ,RESEARCH funding ,MEDICAL care ,INTERVIEWING ,CONTENT analysis ,RESPONSIBILITY ,ALLIED health personnel ,PROFESSIONS ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,RESEARCH methodology ,HOUSING ,SOCIAL support ,ACTIVITIES of daily living ,MEDICAL practice ,ADULTS - Abstract
In Sweden, people living independently and requiring daily living support can access 'housing support', a form of practical, educational, and social support provided by the municipalities. About two-thirds of those receiving this support have neurodevelopmental conditions, primarily autism or ADHD. Many are young adults in the process of adapting to new roles and expectations in different life domains, including education, work, and accommodation. This study aimed to provide a qualitative description of support workers' views on current practice in housing support for young adults (aged 18 to 29) with neurodevelopmental conditions. Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with 34 housing support workers across 19 Swedish regions. An inductive qualitative content analysis approach was used. The interviews depicted a complex service, subject to organizational aspects (roles, responsibilities, availability, and allocation), the joint effort of key players (young adults, relatives, and support workers), and practical aspects of service provision (finding common ground for the work, and delivery of support). Some elements of the service were poorly designed for the target group. The support workers expressed a need for more knowledge about neurodevelopmental conditions, but also described new insights related to remote delivery of support. The results raise important questions about how housing support should be organized and delivered to strike the right balance between support and autonomy, meet specific needs, and ensure equal services across municipalities. Future research should adopt multiple perspectives and approaches, to help translate best practice and available evidence into a flexible and sustainable service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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11. Tools for Assessing Healthcare Providers' Readiness to Respond to Intimate Partner Violence: A Systematic Review.
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Ying Ying, Chan, Hairi, Noran Naqiah, and Othman, Sajaratulnisah
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INTIMATE partner violence ,RESEARCH funding ,CINAHL database ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,MEDLINE ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,PSYCHOMETRICS ,MEDICAL databases ,ONLINE information services - Abstract
Purpose: Healthcare providers' (HCPs) readiness to respond to intimate partner violence (IPV) is crucial for early detection and management of patients experiencing IPV. This systematic review aims to identify currently available tools for assessing HCPs' readiness to respond to IPV, evaluate their measurement properties, and summarize the quality of evidence to facilitate the selection of appropriate instrument. Methods: A systematic search was performed in PubMed, CINAHL, Ovid, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library from inception to October 2022, supplemented by hand searching and gray literature searches. Two authors independently screened studies based on predefined criteria and completed data extraction. The Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist was used for methodological quality assessment. Results: Of 34 studies included in this review, nine measurement tools were identified for the evaluation of measurement properties and overall quality ratings. Internal consistency (31 studies), content validity (29 studies), and structural validity (21 studies) were the most reported psychometric properties. The Physician Readiness to Manage Intimate Partner Violence Survey (PREMIS) tool is the most widely used instrument for assessing HCPs' readiness to respond to IPV, with moderate to high evidence for sound psychometric quality. Conclusions: The identified tools vary in psychometric properties depending on the assessment's context, target population, and study setting. The PREMIS is the most cross-culturally adapted instrument across various countries and is promising for assessing HCPs' readiness to respond to IPV. However, further psychometric evaluation prior to utilization in different healthcare populations and settings is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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12. Current state, pathways, and prospects for the development of collaborative robotics from the perspective of a surgeon and engineer.
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Brekhov, E. I., Yushchenko, A. S., Solntsev, V. I., and Abrosov, A. E.
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NURSE supply & demand ,SURGICAL robots ,HUMAN services programs ,INTERPROFESSIONAL relations ,WAR ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,ROBOTICS ,EPIDEMICS ,DISASTERS ,MEDICINE ,EMPLOYEES' workload - Abstract
This paper discusses the objective reasons for the growing need for qualified medical services, especially in the context of pandemics, wars, disasters, and shortages of medical staff. The directions of development of robotics in medicine are analyzed, leading to the conclusion that the use of intelligent collaborative (i.e., interacting with humans) robotics in medicine is possible and appropriate. Robot assistants can perform many auxiliary operations, which will help relieve the workload of middle and junior medical staff, and, if necessary, replace them when performing such operations. The article outlines some of the main directions in which the authors believe the development of collaborative medical robotics should occur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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13. Healing Body and Soul: Islamic Morality, Practitioner Obligations and Extramarital Pregnancy.
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Muaygil, Ruaim A.
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ISLAM ,ETHICS ,FORGIVENESS ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,COMPASSION ,ADULTERY ,CULTURAL awareness - Abstract
Extramarital pregnancy is a scarcely explored socio-ethical topic in Muslim countries. Extramarital sexual intercourse is legally prohibited and deemed shameful by conservative Muslim societies. The legal and social implications of an extramarital pregnancy prevent access to care and lead to concealment and/or infant abandonment. This paper argues that the medical community must not become complicit in the criminalization and stigmatization of unmarried pregnant women, but must become a safe and reliable refuge instead. The paper also finds strong Islamic moral commitments that warrant the provision of confidential, non-judgmental care, and encourage compassion and forgiveness over reprimand and punishment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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14. Discussion on Collection of Clinical Questions in International Clinical Practice Guidelines of Acupuncture-Moxibustion.
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Wu, Xiao-dong, Zhao, Nan-qi, Ding, Nan, Yuan, Jing-yun, Dong, Guo-feng, Wang, Xin, and Liu, Bao-yan
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ALTERNATIVE medicine specialists ,MOXIBUSTION ,DISCUSSION ,ACUPUNCTURE ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,WORK ,MEDICAL personnel ,HEALTH outcome assessment ,MEDICAL protocols ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,EXPERTISE ,EXPERIENTIAL learning - Abstract
The clinical questions of acupuncture-moxibustion (Acup-Mox) guidelines are complicated, including not only the curative effect of Acup-Mox intervention measures, but also the operational elements of Acup-Mox. This paper aimed to put forward the idea and process of collecting clinical questions in developing international acupuncture clinical practice guidelines. The experience was collected and the idea of collecting clinical questions of Acup-Mox was formed through expert consultation and discussion in combination with expert opinions. Based on the characteristics of Acup-Mox discipline. This paper put forward the thinking of collecting elements of clinical questions following the intervention-population-outcome-control (I-P-O-C) inquiry process, according to the discipline of Acup-Mox. It was emphasized that in the process of collecting clinical questions, "treatable population" and "alleviable outcome indicators" for a specific Acup-Mox intervention with certain therapeutic effect should be focused on, so as to highlight the pertinence of clinical questions of Acup-Mox guidelines in terms of population and outcome elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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15. Promise and pitfalls: trauma informed care, trauma services, and efforts to address both substance use disorders and intimate partner violence.
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Armstrong, Elizabeth Marie
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SUBSTANCE abuse prevention ,INJURY complications ,CONSENSUS (Social sciences) ,SOCIAL support ,RESEARCH methodology ,GROUNDED theory ,MOTIVATION (Psychology) ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,INTERVIEWING ,QUANTITATIVE research ,INTIMATE partner violence ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RESEARCH funding ,MENTAL health services - Abstract
Purpose: Intimate partner violence (IPV) and substance use disorder (SUD) frequently co-occur and are rarely addressed together despite evidence indicating benefits of combined interventions. Both are linked to trauma. Scholars have theorized attention to trauma may facilitate engagement with IPV and SUD but have not studied this potential empirically. Methods: Using service system level quantitative data on organizations focused on IPV or SUD (n = 281) in a midwestern city in the United States and semi-structured interviews with policymakers, funders, and practitioners in both areas (n = 27), this paper uses grounded theory to explore whether attention to trauma facilitates attention to IPV and SUD. Results: While quantitative data suggest addressing trauma and both IPV and SUD are associated at the service system level, analysis of interview data indicates greater complexity. Despite consensus on trauma-informed care's potential, competing understandings of temporality (when trauma occurs in relation to IPV or SUD), different liabilities associated with addressing trauma, and different intervention approaches combine to limit engagement by both IPV and SUD organizations. Rather than adopting trauma-informed care, both types of organizations more typically engage trauma selectively, offering discrete services rather than holistic intervention. Findings have implications for addressing co-occurring IPV, SUD, and trauma and for practice, policy, education, and research. Conclusions: There is need for greater consensus about what it means to address trauma, increased investments in practitioner education and training around intersections of IPV, SUD, and trauma, and additional supports to incentivize movement from a trauma services approach towards meaningful implementation of trauma-informed care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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16. The role of psychology in a multi-disciplinary psychiatric inpatient setting: perspectives from the multidisciplinary team.
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Dandan, Nadia, Mansour, Fatima, and Diab, Tala
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PSYCHOTHERAPY ,MENTAL health services ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,PSYCHOLOGY ,DEVELOPMENTAL psychology - Abstract
Background: The availability of consistent psychological therapy within acute inpatient psychiatric units and the integration of psychologists into multi-disciplinary inpatient teams is a newly evolving development in mental healthcare. To the authors' knowledge, there has been no examination of the inpatient multi-disciplinary team's (MDT) perspective on how psychology can be best integrated into the team in Lebanon. This study aims to explore the perceptions of different medical personnel working within an MDT on the role of psychologists in an acute psychiatry inpatient unit in Lebanon. It is qualitative in nature, using a semi-structured interview design. The overarching aim of this study is to assess and identify the gaps in the MDT's insight into the various responsibilities of psychologists which may result in more efficient collaborative teamwork and hence overall patient care. Results: Four primary themes are identified from the findings of our study. The themes highlighted the value of a multidisciplinary approach to patient care, the vital roles that psychologists play in direct clinical work and supporting other staff members, important factors related to patient-centered psychological care, limitations that exist in the inpatient unit, and suggestions for improvement. Conclusion: This study served as a baseline for more research and development of psychological services in the psychiatric inpatient units of Lebanon, emphasizing the integral role of psychology in patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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17. Exploring Patients' Perceptions About Chronic Kidney Disease and Their Treatment: A Qualitative Study.
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Meuleman, Yvette, van der Bent, Yvonne, Gentenaar, Leandra, Caskey, Fergus J., Bart, Hans AJ., Konijn, Wanda S., Bos, Willem Jan W., Hemmelder, Marc H., and Dekker, Friedo W.
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TREATMENT of chronic kidney failure ,PATIENT education ,QUALITATIVE research ,RESEARCH funding ,INTERVIEWING ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,JUDGMENT sampling ,EMOTIONS ,CHRONIC kidney failure ,THEMATIC analysis ,CAREGIVERS ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL needs assessment ,PROFESSIONAL standards ,SOCIAL support ,HEALTH outcome assessment ,PATIENTS' attitudes - Abstract
Background: Unhelpful illness perceptions can be changed by means of interventions and can lead to improved outcomes. However, little is known about illness perceptions in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) prior to kidney failure, and no tools exist in nephrology care to identify and support patients with unhelpful illness perceptions. Therefore, this study aims to: (1) identify meaningful and modifiable illness perceptions in patients with CKD prior to kidney failure; and (2) explore needs and requirements for identifying and supporting patients with unhelpful illness perceptions in nephrology care from patients' and healthcare professionals' perspectives. Methods: Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with purposive heterogeneous samples of Dutch patients with CKD (n = 17) and professionals (n = 10). Transcripts were analysed using a hybrid inductive and deductive approach: identified themes from the thematic analysis were hereafter organized according to Common-Sense Model of Self-Regulation principles. Results: Illness perceptions considered most meaningful are related to the seriousness (illness identity, consequences, emotional response and illness concern) and manageability (illness coherence, personal control and treatment control) of CKD. Over time, patients developed more unhelpful seriousness-related illness perceptions and more helpful manageability-related illness perceptions, caused by: CKD diagnosis, disease progression, healthcare support and approaching kidney replacement therapy. Implementing tools to identify and discuss patients' illness perceptions was considered important, after which support for patients with unhelpful illness perceptions should be offered. Special attention should be paid towards structurally embedding psychosocial educational support for patients and caregivers to deal with CKD-related symptoms, consequences, emotions and concerns about the future. Conclusions: Several meaningful and modifiable illness perceptions do not change for the better by means of nephrology care. This underlines the need to identify and openly discuss illness perceptions and to support patients with unhelpful illness perceptions. Future studies should investigate whether implementing illness perception-based tools will indeed improve outcomes in CKD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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18. A Call for a New Paradigm: Perspectives of Court Personnel and Clinicians on Court-Mandated Treatment Approaches for Domestic Violence Crimes.
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Barocas, Briana, Yang, Sejung, Park, Yangjin, Shimizu, Rei, Murakami, Nancy J., Avieli, Hila, and Mills, Linda G.
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FOCUS groups ,RESEARCH funding ,INTERVIEWING ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,COURTS ,THEMATIC analysis ,DOMESTIC violence ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,RESEARCH methodology ,STAKEHOLDER analysis ,PHENOMENOLOGY - Abstract
Purpose: Despite the emergence of alternative models to traditional Batterer Intervention Programs (BIPs) to address domestic violence (DV), little research has explored stakeholders' perceptions and experiences of various treatment approaches. Therefore, this study, guided by the stakeholder engagement framework, explored the experiences, attitudes, and beliefs of court personnel and clinicians involved in mandated treatment for those convicted of DV crimes. Method: Two focus groups and nine semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with court personnel and clinicians and were analyzed using an interpretative phenomenological approach. Findings: Five themes emerged: (1) "Capturing a true batterer": The discrepancy between common perceptions of DV batterers, the legal definition of DV offenses, and the standard treatment approach for DV crimes; (2) A "cookie-cutter" approach: The controversy over the one-size-fits-all approach of court-mandated treatment; (3) "I don't have the tools": Professionals' frustration with policy and practice limitations; (4) The need for more inclusive treatment: Broadening the range of participants involved in the DV treatment process, and (5) A call for a shift in pedagogy: A new paradigm for DV and DV treatment. Overall, various stakeholders (i.e., court personnel and clinicians) expressed a sense of helplessness while attempting to navigate current DV statutes, court-mandated BIPs/DV treatment, and the realities of DV. Conclusion: The narratives of stakeholders point to the desire and the need for a new treatment paradigm to address the various types of DV crimes, the needs of those convicted of misdemeanor DV crimes, and the broader impact of DV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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19. Current insulinization trends in India.
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Hasnani, Dhruvi, Saboo, Bharat, Chaturvedi, Ashutosh, Sikdar, Mahuya, Shankar, Arun, Choudhury, Rupam, Saboo, Banshi, Singh, Nishtha Manish, Jha, Santosh, and Chavda, Vipul
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INSULIN therapy ,ORAL drug administration ,GLYCEMIC control ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,HYPOGLYCEMIC agents ,DRUG resistance ,TYPE 2 diabetes ,SURVEYS ,DATA analysis software ,DISEASE management ,DISEASE complications - Abstract
Background: Hyperglycemia-associated micro- and macro-vascular complications remain the leading cause of premature morbidity and mortality among the diabetic population worldwide. Poor glycemic control due to clinical inertia towards insulin treatment is a major cause behind the development of diabetic complications. In this paper, we analyze different strategies of insulin treatment initialization and titration practiced in India. Methods: The response of 367 healthcare professionals (HCPs) across the country was recorded based on a survey on demographics, treatment regimens, and patient behavior. For analysis, the responses from HCPs were segregated into six regions, north, south, east, west, and central, covering the entire country. Results: The survey revealed that 59.1% HCPs preferred using three oral anti-diabetic drugs (OADs) before starting insulin therapy while 12.5% initiated insulin as the last option after trying all available OADs. Besides, 61% HCPs across India considered initiating insulin in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients when the patients (i) failed to achieve glycemic targets with current OADs, or (ii) could not tolerate OADs, or (iii) required a more flexible therapy. In T2DM patients, 52.9% HCPs chose basal only insulin during initiation. In comparison, 63.8% HCPs used basal bolus while initiating insulin in type 1 DM (T1DM) patients. Pan-India, 53.4% HCPs preferred analogue premix while 46.6% HCPs opted for human premix. Next, 98.9% HCPs counselled patients about the risk of hypoglycemia upon initiation of insulin. Conclusion: This survey outlines an urgent need of reducing the clinical inertia against insulin initialization in Indian settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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20. Contrasting Views of Autism Spectrum Traits in Adults, Especially in Self-Reports vs. Informant-Reports for Women High in Autism Spectrum Traits.
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Taylor, Sara C., Gehringer, Brielle N., Dow, Holly C., Langer, Allison, Rawot, Eric, Smernoff, Zoe, Steeman, Samantha, Almasy, Laura, Rader, Daniel J., Bučan, Maja, and Brodkin, Edward S.
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EXECUTIVE function ,RESEARCH ,SELF-evaluation ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,UNCERTAINTY ,COMPARATIVE studies ,AUTISM ,PSYCHOLOGY of women ,STATISTICAL correlation ,PHENOTYPES ,ADULTS - Abstract
There is uncertainty among researchers and clinicians about how to best measure autism spectrum dimensional traits in adults. In a sample of adults with high levels of autism spectrum traits and without intellectual disability (probands, n = 103) and their family members (n = 96), we sought to compare self vs. informant reports of autism spectrum-related traits and possible effects of sex on discrepancies. Using correlational analysis, we found poor agreement between self- and informant-report measures for probands, yet moderate agreement for family members. We found reporting discrepancy was greatest for female probands, often self-reporting more autism-related behaviors. Our findings suggest that autism spectrum traits are often underrecognized by informants, making self-report data important to collect in clinical and research settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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21. Overview of best practices for buprenorphine initiation in the emergency department.
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Hughes, Terence, Nasser, Nicholas, and Mitra, Avir
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HEALTH policy ,HOSPITAL emergency services ,SUBSTANCE abuse ,HEALTH services accessibility ,BUPRENORPHINE ,DRUG overdose ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,EMERGENCY physicians ,HARM reduction ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,DRUG prescribing ,PHYSICIAN practice patterns ,OPIOID analgesics ,PATIENT safety ,OUTPATIENT services in hospitals ,PHARMACODYNAMICS - Abstract
In recent decades, opioid overdoses have increased dramatically in the United States and peer countries. Given this, emergency medicine physicians have become adept in reversing and managing complications of acute overdose. However, many remain unfamiliar with initiating medication for opioid use disorder such as buprenorphine, a high-affinity partial opioid agonist. Emergency department-based buprenorphine initiation is supported by a significant body of literature demonstrating a marked reduction in mortality in addition to increased engagement in care. Buprenorphine initiation is also safe, given both the pharmacologic properties of buprenorphine that reduce the risk of diversion or recreational use, and previously published literature demonstrating low rates of respiratory depression, sedation, and precipitated withdrawal. Further, barriers to emergency department-based initiation have been reduced in recent years, with publicly available dosing and up-titration schedules, numerous publications overviewing best practices for managing precipitated withdrawal, and removal of USA policies previously restricting patient access and provider prescribing, with the removal of the X-waiver via the Medication Access and Training Expansion Act. Despite reductions in barriers, buprenorphine initiation in the emergency room remains underutilized. Poor uptake has been attributed to numerous individual and systemic barriers, including inadequate education, provider stigma, and insufficient access to outpatient follow-up care. The following practice innovation aims to summarize previously published evidence-based best practices and provide an accessible, user-friendly initiation guide to increase emergency physician comfortability with buprenorphine initiation going forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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22. Opportunities and barriers for prehospital emergency medical services research in the Netherlands; results of a mixed-methods consensus study.
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Vianen, Niek J., Maissan, Iscander M., den Hartog, Dennis, Stolker, Robert J., Houmes, Robert J., Gommers, Diederik A. M. P. J., Van Meeteren, Nico L. U., Hoeks, Sanne E., Van Lieshout, Esther M. M., Verhofstad, Michael H. J., Van Vledder, Mark G., Alsma, Jelmer, Baden, David N., Bevelander, Timo, Bierens, Joost, Bollen, Jan, Bosch, Jan, Dercksen, Bert, Duvekot, Johannes J., and Gaakeer, Menno I.
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MEDICAL care research ,HEALTH services accessibility ,CONSENSUS (Social sciences) ,CORPORATE culture ,FOCUS groups ,INTERVIEWING ,STATISTICAL sampling ,EMERGENCY medicine ,EMERGENCY medical services ,HOSPITAL emergency services ,JUDGMENT sampling ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,THEMATIC analysis ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,RESEARCH methodology ,ACQUISITION of data ,QUALITY assurance ,STAKEHOLDER analysis ,DELPHI method ,DATA analysis software - Abstract
Introduction: Quality improvement in prehospital emergency medical services (EMS) can only be achieved by high-quality research and critical appraisal of current practices. This study examines current opportunities and barriers in EMS research in the Netherlands. Methods: This mixed-methods consensus study consisted of three phases. The first phase consisted of semi-structured interviews with relevant stakeholders. Thematic analysis of qualitative data derived from these interviews was used to identify main themes, which were subsequently discussed in several online focus groups in the second phase. Output from these discussions was used to shape statements for an online Delphi consensus study among relevant stakeholders in EMS research. Consensus was met if 80% of respondents agreed or disagreed on a particular statement. Results: Forty-nine stakeholders participated in the study; qualitative thematic analysis of the interviews and focus group discussions identified four main themes: (1) data registration and data sharing, (2) laws and regulations, (3) financial aspects and funding, and (4) organization and culture. Qualitative data from the first two phases of the study were used to construct 33 statements for an online Delphi study. Consensus was reached on 21 (64%) statements. Eleven (52%) of these statements pertained to the storage and use of EMS patient data. Conclusion: Barriers for prehospital EMS research in the Netherlands include issues regarding the use of patient data, privacy and legislation, funding and research culture in EMS organizations. Opportunities to increase scientific productivity in EMS research include the development of a national strategy for EMS data and the incorporation of EMS topics in research agendas of national medical professional associations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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23. Transparency of artificial intelligence/machine learning-enabled medical devices.
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Shick, Aubrey A., Webber, Christina M., Kiarashi, Nooshin, Weinberg, Jessica P., Deoras, Aneesh, Petrick, Nicholas, Saha, Anindita, and Diamond, Matthew C.
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MEDICAL equipment reliability ,COMPUTER software ,CAREGIVER attitudes ,HEALTH care industry ,DISCUSSION ,MANUSCRIPTS ,STAKEHOLDER analysis ,PATIENT decision making ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,MACHINE learning ,MEDICAL equipment safety measures ,PATIENT-family relations ,DECISION making ,ADULT education workshops ,HEALTH promotion - Published
- 2024
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24. Diagnostic reasoning prompts reveal the potential for large language model interpretability in medicine.
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Savage, Thomas, Nayak, Ashwin, Gallo, Robert, Rangan, Ekanath, and Chen, Jonathan H.
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MEDICINE ,MANUSCRIPTS ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,NATURAL language processing ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,COGNITION ,DIFFERENTIAL diagnosis ,WORKFLOW ,DECISION making ,DIAGNOSIS ,PATIENT care ,DATA analysis ,MEDICAL logic ,PATIENT safety - Abstract
One of the major barriers to using large language models (LLMs) in medicine is the perception they use uninterpretable methods to make clinical decisions that are inherently different from the cognitive processes of clinicians. In this manuscript we develop diagnostic reasoning prompts to study whether LLMs can imitate clinical reasoning while accurately forming a diagnosis. We find that GPT-4 can be prompted to mimic the common clinical reasoning processes of clinicians without sacrificing diagnostic accuracy. This is significant because an LLM that can imitate clinical reasoning to provide an interpretable rationale offers physicians a means to evaluate whether an LLMs response is likely correct and can be trusted for patient care. Prompting methods that use diagnostic reasoning have the potential to mitigate the "black box" limitations of LLMs, bringing them one step closer to safe and effective use in medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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25. Migrant adolescents' experience of depression as they, their parents, and their health-care professionals describe it: a systematic review and qualitative meta-synthesis.
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Rodriguez, Juliette, Radjack, Rahmeth, Moro, Marie Rose, and Lachal, Jonathan
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EMIGRATION & immigration & psychology ,PARENT attitudes ,META-synthesis ,ONLINE information services ,PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems ,MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems ,CONFIDENCE ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,PSYCHOLOGICAL vulnerability ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,INTERGENERATIONAL relations ,MIGRANT labor ,GROUP identity ,TRANSCULTURAL medical care ,EXPERIENCE ,PATIENTS' attitudes ,QUALITATIVE research ,CONTINUUM of care ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,MENTAL depression ,TEENAGERS' conduct of life ,INTERPERSONAL relations ,COMMUNICATION ,MEDLINE ,THEMATIC analysis ,INTERNALIZING behavior ,PSYCHOLOGICAL distress ,CHILDREN ,ADOLESCENCE - Abstract
Migrant youth are vulnerable and face a risk of internalised disorders such as depression. This qualitative meta-synthesis explores migrant adolescents' experience of depression. 14 studies (7 qualitative studies and 7 case reports) were selected after a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus and PsycInfo. Their quality was assessed with the Critical Appraisal Tool (CASP) for qualitative studies and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist for case reports. The analysis identified six themes describing the experience of depression among migrant adolescents: (1) the vulnerability factors underlying depressive distress, before, during and after migration; (2) the subjective experience of depression, combining symptoms associated with a form of depression common in the West with symptoms more common in other cultures; (3) two types of aetiological hypotheses to make sense of their distress; (4) attitudes adopted in response to distress; (5) experience of care, especially reasons discouraging investment in care; and (6) impairment of identity construction by breaks in cultural transmission and intergenerational conflicts. The threat of losing their connections both at the interpersonal (connection to family, peers and community) and intrapsychic levels (construction of identity) is inherently linked to migrant adolescents' experience of depression. We propose to adapt Brandenberger's 3C model (communication, continuity of care, and confidence) for the care of young migrants to promote a therapeutic alliance, foster construction of a coherent bicultural identity, and support the family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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26. Work-related support in clinical care for patients with a chronic disease: development of an intervention.
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Butink, Maarten, Dona, Desiree, Boonen, Annelies, Peters, Marlies, Baadjou, Vera, Senden, Theo, and de Rijk, Angelique
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SOCIAL support ,CHRONIC diseases ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,HUMAN services programs ,QUALITATIVE research ,SELF-efficacy ,RESEARCH funding ,PATIENT care ,NEEDS assessment - Abstract
Background: Patients with a chronic disease are more vulnerable in the labor market, and work-related support in clinical care would enhance the timely support greatly needed in each phase of their working life. This paper describes the development of a generic stay-at-work intervention to provide work-related support in clinical care to patients with a chronic disease. Methods: Steps 1–4 of Intervention Mapping (IM) were combined with action research principles. A needs assessment (Step 1) involved the project group formation, a literature review, qualitative studies with healthcare professionals (HCPs; n = 9) and patients (n = 10), consultation with financial staff and testing, and resulted in objectives (Step 2). Guided by methods and applications (Step 3), the intervention was developed, tested and finalized (Step 4). Results: The needs assessment revealed the importance of behavioral change in HCPs, including changing attitude, self-efficacy, and social influence. For that purpose, a pathway and training sessions were developed. Testing these unveiled the need for practical tools and intervision. The final intervention comprises a care pathway as part of working routines, including screening, risk stratification, and tailored support. Practical tools, training sessions, and intervision for HCPs were developed. Conclusions: Combining IM with action research principles resulted in a generic stay-at-work intervention in clinical care via behavioral change in HCPs. A generic care pathway, practical tools, training sessions, and intervision were developed. More specific alignment to specific patient groups is possible. To implement the intervention in another hospital, the local context, (financial) resources, and the national legislation should be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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27. Supervising with a Feminist Lens: Improving Transgender Competency.
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Dalton, Michelle R., Veasey, Ashton West, and Norton, Aaron M.
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FAMILY psychotherapy ,SOCIALIZATION ,HOSPITAL medical staff ,CODES of ethics ,FEMINISM ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,TRANSPHOBIA ,NONBINARY people ,FEMINIST criticism ,ATTITUDES toward sex ,GENDER identity ,PROFESSIONAL competence ,INTERSECTIONALITY ,SUPERVISION of employees ,EMOTIONS ,POWER (Social sciences) - Abstract
Although the AAMFT Code of Ethics encourages therapists to become competent in working with gender identity, transgender care is an area that often receives little attention in traditional therapy education and training programs. Consequently, it is essential that supervisors are competent and skilled in helping supervisees navigate, process, and increase their own competencies in working with transgender populations. A framework would help supervisors to navigate transgender competency development with supervisees. Feminist models of supervision have been shown to provide frameworks, guidance, and language for facilitating the exploration of critical issues for marginalized and diverse populations. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how a feminist approach to supervision can empower supervisors to help marriage and family therapy trainees develop competency in transgender care. Domains of intersectionality, power, gender, diversity, emotion, and socialization are discussed, along with a vignette that demonstrates the application of the proposed model to transgender care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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28. Healing Trauma and Loss and Increasing Social Connections: Transitions from Care and Early Parenting.
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Purtell, Jade, Mendes, Philip, Saunders, Bernadette J., and Baidawi, Susan
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FOCUS groups ,TRANSITIONAL care ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,WORK ,INTERVIEWING ,PARENTING ,QUALITATIVE research ,MENTAL healing ,EXPERIENTIAL learning ,WOUNDS & injuries ,DATA analysis software - Abstract
International literature suggests that many young people transitioning from government care become parents before age 21, characteristically termed 'early parenting', at least in the English-speaking world. Yet there is only limited knowledge of the factors that lead to this challenging responsibility. This paper presents findings from a qualitative study of service providers' experiences working with young people transitioning from care who had become parents, in the state of Victoria, Australia. Victorian service providers recommended ways that current out-of-home care, transition from care and parenting services could be improved to reduce feelings of loss, including new service approaches that prioritise relationship-based practice, holistic support and practical assistance from a trusted person or service. Preventing feelings of loss and isolation and increasing supportive relationships in care and throughout transitions from care may help to prevent early pregnancy and parenting amongst care leavers who otherwise lack resources for parenting independently. Providing parenting support which addresses feelings of loss and social isolation may reduce the increasing numbers of children being placed in care, and associated ongoing cycles of child protection involvement with disadvantaged families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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29. Social Isolation and Psychosis: Perspectives from People with Psychosis, Family Caregivers and Mental Health Professionals.
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Xanthopoulou, Penny D., Mbanu, Jennifer, Chevalier, Agnes, Webber, Martin, and Giacco, Domenico
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CAREGIVER attitudes ,SOCIALIZATION ,CAREGIVERS ,FOCUS groups ,PSYCHOSES ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,INTERVIEWING ,SOCIAL stigma ,SOCIAL isolation ,PATIENTS' attitudes ,ATTITUDES toward illness ,INDEPENDENT living ,SOUND recordings ,HOSPITAL care ,REHABILITATION ,THEMATIC analysis ,MENTAL health services ,PSYCHIATRIC hospitals - Abstract
This paper explores the subjective experiences of mental health practitioners, people with psychosis and carers, on social isolation and community integration of people with psychosis. Focus groups and one-to-one interviews with 80 adult participants across three sites in the UK were conducted. Audio recordings were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. Participants commented on various aspects that may cause social isolation or enable community integration, including institutional factors (lack of resources, hospitalisation impact), illness symptoms (e.g., paranoia; over-pathologising vs individual choice), stigma (particularly the psychosis label), and the importance of communities that foster agency and embrace change. Hospitalisation maybe be a cause for isolation and psychiatric wards should consider allowing for socialisation as a therapeutic tool. Initiatives should consider the social fabric of our communities, socioeconomic inequalities and stigmatisation. Building communities that are accepting, kind and flexible can create opportunities that could lead to independence from mental health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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30. Analysis of image defects in digital intraoral radiography based on photostimulable phosphor plates.
- Author
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Tashiro, Masayasu, Nakatani, Atsutoshi, Sugiura, Kazutaka, and Nakayama, Eiji
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ORAL radiography ,COMPUTERS in medicine ,MEDICAL radiology ,RADIOGRAPHIC films ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,EVIDENCE-based dentistry ,DENTISTS ,DENTAL radiography ,DIAGNOSTIC imaging ,HUMAN error ,MEDICAL digital radiography ,ALLIED health personnel - Abstract
Objectives: In digital intraoral radiography (DIR), images with defects caused by the digital process are sometimes produced. Hence, we analyzed DIR images with defects taken using the photostimulable phosphor (PSP) plate method and then classified these images based on the causes of the defect. The aim of this study was to classify defects in DIR using the PSP plate system, and to discuss the causes of each type of defect and the methods that can prevent their occurrence. Methods: Images with defects due to the two PSP plate systems (Arcana and Arcana Mira) were selected and classified according to the defect. Image defects caused by geometrical techniques that occur in both the film and PSP plate methods were excluded from this study. Moreover, changes in the rate of occurrence of images with defects over time were analyzed in this study. Results: The defects in images obtained by the PSP plate system were classified into six types, which were further divided into those caused by machine error or human error. Both types of error could influence the diagnostic performance. Machine error accidentally and rarely occurred; thus, the prevention of such errors is difficult. However, human error, especially errors caused by photo-induced discharge, could be prevented using appropriate measures. Conclusions: In DIR systems using the PSP plate method, human error should be prevented by education and training to improve operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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31. Identifying and Responding to the Complex Needs of Domestic Violence Housing Practitioners at the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic.
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Nnawulezi, Nkiru and Hacskaylo, Margaret
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INDUSTRIAL safety ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,CLIENT relations ,DOMESTIC violence ,INTIMATE partner violence ,CONSUMER activism ,HOUSING ,NEEDS assessment ,CONTENT analysis ,COVID-19 pandemic - Abstract
The social, financial, and emotional repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic has left many organizations that support survivors of intimate partner violence questioning how to maintain core services while addressing compounding individual, organizational, and public health issues. Stay-at-home orders and other COVID-19 mitigation strategies have resulted in reduced shelter availability and increased intimate partner violence rates. Coupled with the economic impact of the pandemic, these factors have threatened financial and housing stability. To better understand these challenges and provide immediate support, The National Alliance for Safe Housing (NASH) co-hosted a peer support call to provide a virtual platform for practitioners to ask questions, discuss challenges, and share strategies for quality service provision during the COVID-19 pandemic. Over 800 practitioners from across the United States participated in the NASH call, most of whom were advocates, program directors, and managers. NASH gathered data on practitioners' needs from a brief survey from the registration form analyzed using conventional inductive content analysis. Practitioners' primary concerns were situated within eight questions, which we categorized into four meta-categories: (1) managing residential housing programs; (2) getting survivors materials resources; (3) keeping staff safe; and (4) maintaining organizational operations. The paper concludes with community-grounded and empirically supported practice recommendations aligned with practitioners' expressed needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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32. An Expert Opinion on the Role of the Rosuvastatin/Amlodipine Single Pill Fixed Dose Combination in Cardiovascular Prevention.
- Author
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Gallo, Giovanna, Sarzani, Riccardo, Cicero, Arrigo Francesco Giuseppe, Genovese, Stefano, Pirro, Matteo, Gallelli, Luca, Faggiano, Andrea, and Volpe, Massimo
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CARDIOVASCULAR disease prevention ,DRUG efficacy ,CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors ,HYPERTENSION ,COMBINATION drug therapy ,ANTILIPEMIC agents ,ROSUVASTATIN ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,PATIENT satisfaction ,HYPERCHOLESTEREMIA ,CARDIOVASCULAR diseases ,MEDICAL protocols ,HEALTH care teams ,DRUGS ,AMLODIPINE ,PATIENT compliance ,PATIENT safety - Abstract
Current cardiovascular disease prevention strategies are based on the management of cardiovascular risk as a continuum, redefining the therapeutic goals for each individual based on the estimated global risk profile. Given the frequent clustering of the principal cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia, in the same individual, patients are required to take multiple drugs to achieve therapeutic targets. The adoption of single pill fixed dose combinations may contribute to achieve better control of blood pressure and cholesterol compared to the separate administration of the individual drugs, mostly due to better adherence related to therapeutic simplicities. This paper reports the outcomes of an Expert multidisciplinary Roundtable. In particular, the rational and potential clinical use of the single pill fixed dose combination "Rosuvastatin-Amlodipine" for the management of concomitant hypertension/hypercholesterolemia in different clinical fields are discussed. This Expert Opinion also illustrates the importance of an early and effective management of total cardiovascular risk, highlights the substantial benefits of combining blood pressure and lipid-lowering treatments in a single-pill fixed dose combination and attempts to identify and overcome the barriers to the implementation in clinical practice of the fixed dose combinations with dual targets. This Expert Panel identifies and proposes the categories of patients who may benefit the most from this fixed dose combination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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33. Differences in Contents and Formation Methods of Clinical Questions in Chinese and Korean Clinical Practice Guidelines of Acupuncture-Moxibustion: Scoping Review.
- Author
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Zhao, Nan-qi, Liu, Ya-li, Ding, Nan, Yuan, Jing-yun, Mou, Dong-xiao, Dong, Guo-feng, Wang, Xin, and Wu, Xiao-dong
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ACUPUNCTURISTS ,MOXIBUSTION ,ACUPUNCTURE ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL protocols ,COMPARATIVE studies ,LITERATURE reviews ,THEMATIC analysis - Abstract
Objective: To analyze the differences in the needs of users and the value orientation of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) by comparing the contents and formation methods of clinical questions in Chinese and Korean CPGs of acupuncture-moxibustion (Acup-Mox). Methods: The full text of CPGs was systematically searched from the official websites of Chinese and Korean traditional medicine societies and Acup-Mox associations, with the topic "Acup-Mox for treating diseases" and the retrieval time up to September 28, 2022. Two researchers screened the CPGs independently, and extracted the guidelines' topics, content, quantity and formation methods of clinical questions. The quantitative data were collected by counting the frequency, and the qualitative data were classified and described by thematic analysis. Results: A total of 29 guidelines were included in this study, including 20 Chinese guidelines (305 questions) and 9 Korean guidelines (223 questions). The differences lie in the aspects of content and diversity, and formation method. As for content and diversity, Chinese guidelines focused mainly on the questions related to treatment such as the operation of specific intervention (86, 28.2%), efficacy of intervention (78, 25.6%), and also involving questions in diagnosis, prevention, and prognosis. While the clinical questions in Korean guidelines were concentrated to efficacy of intervention (218, 97.8%). As for formation method, in Chinese guidelines, questions were usually collected directly from clinicians, and then determined and optimized by experts. In Korean guidelines, frequently used clinical Acup-Mox interventions would be screened first. Then the expert group would set up corresponding intervention control measures so as to form clinical questions related to treatment efficacy. Conclusions: The differences reflect the different needs of clinical practitioners, and the different aims or concepts in developing Acup-Mox guidelines between China and South Korea. Chinese guidelines emphasized promoting operation protocols and techniques of Acup-Mox for practical use, while Korean guidelines emphasized promoting the frequently used clinical intervention therapies. It is speculated that the guidelines from these two countries would play different roles in guiding clinical operation and supporting medical decision. In terms of formation methods of clinical questions, it is suggested to attach importance to optimizing process in formatting clinical questions to improve the clinical applicability of CPGs of Acup-Mox. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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34. The impact of COVID-19 on PRO development, collection and implementation: views of UK and Ireland professionals.
- Author
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Holch, Patricia, Turner, Grace, Keetharuth, Anju D, Gibbons, E, Cocks, Kim, and Absolom, Kate L
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COVID-19 ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,CROSS-sectional method ,HEALTH outcome assessment ,QUALITATIVE research ,CONCEPTUAL structures ,PHARMACEUTICAL industry ,MEDICAL practice ,DATA analysis software ,THEMATIC analysis - Abstract
Background: PROs are valuable tools in clinical care to capture patients' perspectives of their health, symptoms and quality of life. However the COVID-19 pandemic has had profound impacts on all aspects of life, in particular healthcare and research. This study explores the views of UK and Irish health professionals, third sector and pharmaceutical industry representatives and academic researchers on the impact of COVID-19 on PRO collection, use and development in clinical practice. Methods: A volunteer sample took part in a 10 question cross sectional qualitative survey, on the impact of COVID-19, administered online via Qualtrics. Demographic data was descriptively analysed, and the qualitative free text response data was subject to thematic analysis and summarised within the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) framework. Results: Forty nine participants took part located in a range of UK settings and professions. Participants highlighted staff strengths during the pandemic including colleagues' flexibility and ability to work collaboratively and the adoption of novel communication tools. Weaknesses were a lack of staff capacity to continue or start PRO projects and insufficient digital infrastructure to continue studies online. Opportunities included the added interest in PROs as useful outcomes, the value of electronic PROs for staff and patients particularly in relation to integration into systems and the electronic patient records. However, these opportunities came with an understanding that digital exclusion may be an issue for patient groups. Threats identified included that the majority of PRO research was stopped or delayed and funding streams were cut. Conclusions: Although most PRO research was on hold during the pandemic, the consensus from participants was that PROs as meaningful outcomes were valued more than ever. From the opportunities afforded by the pandemic the development of electronic PROs and their integration into electronic patient record systems and clinical practice could be a lasting legacy from the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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35. Development and content validation of a sunlight exposure diary in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria.
- Author
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Mathias, Susan D., Burke, Laurie, Colwell, Hilary H., Mensing, George, Savage, Will, and Naik, Hetanshi
- Subjects
METABOLIC disorder treatment ,SKIN disease treatment ,SKIN diseases ,RESEARCH evaluation ,SUNSHINE ,RESEARCH methodology ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,MEDICAL personnel ,INTERVIEWING ,METABOLIC disorders ,DIARY (Literary form) ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,PATIENTS' attitudes ,RISK assessment ,EXPERTISE ,QUALITY of life ,RESEARCH funding ,PATIENT education ,ENVIRONMENTAL exposure ,DISEASE risk factors ,SYMPTOMS ,EVALUATION - Abstract
Background: Erythropoietic protoporphyria is a rare, inherited disorder presenting in early childhood with severe, painful phototoxicity. EPP has significant impacts on health-related quality of life, though there is variable disease severity. Accurately capturing how much time individuals with EPP can spend outdoors before they develop symptoms is critical to understanding HRQoL and measuring therapeutic response. Therefore, the goal of this study was to develop a comprehensive and content valid sun exposure diary to assess the efficacy of new therapies in individuals with EPP. Methods: Qualitative interviews were conducted with adult and adolescent EPP participants, as well as five clinical experts, to obtain their input on the content of an existing sun exposure diary. Revisions to the diary were made based on evidence generated in cognitive debriefing interviews analyzed in eight consecutive groups of EPP participant. Results: Interviews were conducted with 17 adults and 6 adolescents with EPP. The average age of adults was 40 years and of adolescents was 14 years. Clinical experts thought the original diary needed clarification on the description of symptoms, how time outdoors was captured, and the distinction between direct vs. indirect sunlight. Participants with EPP also noted these items needed revision, and that the distinction between prodromal symptoms and full reaction symptoms should be clarified. In the final diary version, participants with EPP found most items to be clear and easy to complete/think about. Seventy-six percent of participants (13/17) asked thought the diary was easy to complete. The remainder thought the majority of the diary was easy to complete with the exception of select questions. Conclusions: Evaluating a new treatment for EPP requires accurately capturing time in sunlight and symptoms in this unique disorder. The newly developed sun exposure diary is content valid and can be used to assess important aspects of symptoms and daily life and therefore evaluate clinically meaningful therapeutic response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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36. Home Visitation Program Staff Attitudes and Intentions Towards Using Digital Technology to Educate Families About Preventing Early Childhood Obesity: A Qualitative Study.
- Author
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Zeldman, Jamie, Varela, Elder Garcia, Gorin, Amy A., Gans, Kim M., Gurka, Matthew J., Bernier, Angelina V., and Mobley, Amy R.
- Subjects
DIGITAL technology ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,CHILDHOOD obesity ,HOME care services ,RESEARCH methodology ,FAMILIES ,INTERVIEWING ,VIDEOCONFERENCING ,QUALITATIVE research ,RESEARCH funding ,SOUND recordings ,INTENTION ,THEMATIC analysis ,DATA analysis software - Abstract
Introduction: Home visitation programs that reach families of young children offer a unique opportunity for large-scale early childhood obesity prevention efforts. The objective of this qualitative research was to determine stakeholder attitudes, subjective norms, perceived ease of use and usefulness, behavioral control, and behavioral intentions towards utilizing technology in a home visitation program targeting early childhood obesity prevention. Methods: Staff from the Florida Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting Program (n = 27) were interviewed individually by a trained research assistant using a semi-structured script based on constructs from the Technology Acceptance Model and Theory of Planned Behavior. Demographic and technology use information were collected. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim, with data extracted and coded by two trained researchers using a theoretical thematic analysis approach. Results: Most of the home visiting staff (78%) were white and non-Hispanic and employed for an average of 5 years with the program. Most staff (85%) indicated they were currently using videoconferencing for home visits. Themes and subthemes emerged, including positive attitudes towards technology as a flexible and time-efficient program alternative for childhood obesity prevention with recommendations to keep content short, at a low literacy level, and available in more than one language for ease of use. Participants recommended developing training tutorials to improve program implementation. Internet access and potential social disconnect were cited as concerns for using technology. Discussion: Overall, home visitation staff had positive attitudes and intentions for using technology in home visiting programs with families for early childhood obesity prevention. Significance: What is already known on this subject? Home visitation programs have adopted technology for virtual service delivery during unforeseen circumstances that prevent in-person visits, such as COVID-19 restrictions. What does this study add? This qualitative study revealed positive attitudes and intentions of staff members of home visitation programs towards the use of digital learning technology in conjunction with home visits to enhance content related to early childhood obesity prevention for families participating in home visitation programs. Key suggestions to consider in the development of future childhood obesity digital interventions include appropriateness for the audience of interest (i.e., available in different languages, suitable literacy level), ease of use (i.e., simple, user-friendly, interactive features), and practical strategies to support the implementation (i.e., staff trainings, built-in flexibility). It is important to also consider technology-specific challenges that communities may face when incorporating technology in interventions (i.e., lack of access to devices, costs associated with reliable internet and data, compatibility of devices). Findings will help inform and guide the development of future childhood obesity digital interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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37. Gender and Age Bias in the Evaluation of Suicide Attempt Behavior in an Emergency Department.
- Author
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Han, Nahee, Jeong, Seungmin, Lee, Seo-Young, and Kong, So Yeon
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HOSPITAL emergency services ,AGEISM ,SEXISM ,JUDGMENT (Psychology) ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,PROFESSIONS ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,SELF-injurious behavior ,INTERVIEWING ,SUICIDAL behavior ,SEX discrimination ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,MEDICAL case management - Abstract
We aimed to investigate whether demographic characteristics such as age and gender of attempted suicide patients are associated with bias in the post-Emergency Department (ED) discharge program manager's evaluation of genuineness of the patients' suicide attempts. In the ED-Based Post-Suicide Attempt Case Management (ED-PSACM) program, the manager interviews patients with suicide attempts and makes subjective judgement on the patient's genuineness of the suicide attempt. After patients' discharge, the manager provides follow-up post-discharge care management services. Compared to ≥ 65 years old male patients as a reference group, 18–39 years old female patients showed significantly lower judgment for a genuine suicide attempt (OR = 0.34; 95% CI 0.12–0.81). Other groups did not show significant differences from the reference group. Our study result suggests the possibility of the effects of bias on young females on the judgment of the suicide attempt genuineness. Medical staff and interventions managers in the ED should be concerned to avoid knowledge-mediated bias, especially by gender and age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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38. Provider Intentions to Implement Cannabis Use Intervention in First Episode Psychosis Treatment.
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Petros, Ryan, Walker, Denise D., Davis, Adam, and Monroe-DeVita, Maria
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SUBSTANCE abuse prevention ,PLANNED behavior theory ,CANNABIS (Genus) ,FOCUS groups ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,PSYCHOSES ,MOTIVATIONAL interviewing ,RISK perception ,HUMAN services programs ,HARM reduction ,COMPARATIVE studies ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RESEARCH funding ,INTENTION ,THEMATIC analysis ,CONTENT analysis ,DATA analysis software - Abstract
Young adults with first episode psychosis use cannabis at high rates. In light of progressively tolerant attitudes toward cannabis, decreased perceptions of risk, and limited implementation of substance use modules within coordinated specialty care (CSC) programs, this study sought to describe factors contributing to CSC providers' intentions to implement motivational enhancement therapy (MET) for cannabis reduction. Two focus groups were conducted with CSC providers (n = 14), with questions guided by theory of planned behavior. Content and thematic analyses were conducted to identify salient themes associated with the theory. Participants generally indicated intentions to implement MET; limiting factors included concerns about clients' willingness to discuss cannabis use, perception of support for abstinence-only goals, and concerns about intervention mechanics such as computerized assessments. To reduce barriers limiting provider intention to implement MET, authors recommend training on assessment protocols, the merits of harm-reduction, and strategies for lower-risk cannabis use.Please confirm if the author names are presented accurately and in the correct sequence. Author 1 Given name: [Ryan] Last name [Petros]. Author 2 Given name: [Denise D.] Last name [Walker]. Author 3 Given name: [Adam] Last name [Davis]. Author 4 Given name: [Maria] Last name [Monroe-DeVita]. Also, kindly confirm the details in the metadata are correct.Confirmed! [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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39. Childhood Vaccination Practices and Parental Hesitancy Barriers in Rural and Urban Primary Care Settings.
- Author
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Albers, Alexandria N., Wright, Emma, Thaker, Juthika, Conway, Kathrene, Daley, Matthew F., and Newcomer, Sophia R.
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VACCINATION ,HEALTH education ,IMMUNIZATION ,HEALTH services accessibility ,RURAL conditions ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,COVID-19 vaccines ,PRIMARY health care ,COMPARATIVE studies ,VACCINE hesitancy ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,CHI-squared test ,QUALITY of life ,RESEARCH funding ,METROPOLITAN areas ,VACCINATION status ,HEALTH promotion ,PARENTS ,CHILDREN - Abstract
The purpose of our study was to identify primary care providers' (PCPs') practices in promoting childhood vaccination and their perceptions regarding barriers to vaccination in a primarily rural state. In January-May 2022, we conducted a mail and online survey of PCPs across Montana (n = 829). The survey included modules on routine immunizations in children 0–2 years old and COVID-19 vaccination in children 5–17 years old. The survey response rate was 36% (298/829). We categorized PCPs as working in rural (n = 218) or urban areas (n = 80), based on Rural-Urban Commuting Area codes. We then compared responses between rural and urban PCPs using chi-square tests. Urban PCPs (90–94%, depending on vaccine) stocked routinely recommended vaccines more frequently than rural PCPs (71–84%), but stocked the COVID-19 vaccine less often than rural PCPs (44% vs. 71%, respectively, p < 0.001). A higher percentage of rural providers reported parental beliefs that vaccine-preventable diseases are not severe enough to warrant vaccination (48% vs. 31%, p = 0.01) and concerns that vaccination will weaken their child's immune system (29% vs. 6%, p < 0.001). More rural (74%) compared to urban (59%) PCPs identified a social media campaign from local health departments promoting early childhood vaccinations as an effective strategy to increase childhood vaccination rates (p = 0.01). We identified key differences in some childhood vaccination practices and barriers between rural and urban PCPs. Interventions to increase rural vaccination rates could include increasing the number of providers stocking all recommended vaccines, identifying strategies to address parents' concerns regarding vaccine necessity, and collaborations with public health departments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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40. Research priorities regarding the use of bisphosphonates for osteoporosis: a UK priority setting exercise.
- Author
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Paskins, Zoe, Moult, Alice, Corp, Nadia, Bastounis, Anastasios, Davis, Sarah, Narayanasamy, Melanie Jay, Griffin, Jill, Gittoes, Neil, Leonardi-Bee, Jo, Langley, Tessa, Bishop, Simon, and Sahota, Opinder
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DRUG therapy ,BONE fracture prevention ,OSTEOPOROSIS prevention ,RESEARCH ,MEDICAL quality control ,RESEARCH evaluation ,DIPHOSPHONATES ,INTRAVENOUS therapy ,PRIORITY (Philosophy) ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,STAKEHOLDER analysis ,PATIENT decision making ,UNCERTAINTY ,TREATMENT duration ,OSTEOPOROSIS ,MEDICAL protocols ,PUBLIC opinion ,LONG-term health care ,DISEASE complications ,EVALUATION - Abstract
Purpose: Worldwide, many people who would benefit from osteoporosis drugs are not offered or receiving them, resulting in an osteoporosis care gap. Adherence with bisphosphonates is particularly low. This study aimed to identify stakeholder research priorities relating to bisphosphonate treatment regimens for prevention of osteoporotic fractures. Methods: A three-step approach based on the James Lind Alliance methodology for identification and prioritisation of research questions was used. Research uncertainties were gathered from a large programme of related research studies about bisphosphonate regimens and from recent published international clinical guidelines. Clinical and public stakeholders refined the list of uncertainties into research questions. The third step prioritised the questions using a modified nominal group technique. Results: In total, 34 draft uncertainties were finalised into 33 research questions by stakeholders. The top 10 includes questions relating to which people should be offered intravenous bisphosphonates first line (1); optimal duration of treatment (2); the role of bone turnover markers in treatment breaks (3); support patient need for medicine optimisation (4); support primary care practitioner need regarding bisphosphonates (5); comparing zoledronate given in community vs hospital settings (6); ensuring quality standards are met (7); the long-term model of care (8); best bisphosphonate for people aged under 50 (9); and supporting patient decision-making about bisphosphonates (10). Conclusion: This study reports, for the first time, topics of importance to stakeholders in the research of bisphosphonate osteoporosis treatment regimens. These findings have implications for research into implementation to address the care gap and education of healthcare professionals. Summary: Using James Lind Alliance methodology, this study reports prioritised topics of importance to stakeholders in the research of bisphosphonate treatment in osteoporosis. The priorities address how to better implement guidelines to address the care gap, understanding patient factors influencing treatment selection and effectiveness, and how to optimise long-term care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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41. Ethics for Mental Health Influencers: MFTs as Public Social Media Personalities.
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Triplett, Nicholas T., Kingzette, Alexia, Slivinski, Lauren, and Niu, Tsuki
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FAMILY psychotherapy ,CODES of ethics ,SOCIAL media ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,MENTAL health ,PSYCHOEDUCATION ,CONFLICT of interests ,CONCEPTUAL structures ,MARKETING ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,THERAPEUTIC alliance - Abstract
The increase in social media usage contributes to a greater number of Marriage and Family Therapists (MFTs) using social media to grow their professional outreach and to increase awareness about mental health by engaging with online audiences. Although existing literature has discussed how MFTs can make ethical use of personal social media in and around their therapeutic role, no literature at this time has explored the potential ethical issues faced by MFTs seeking to build public presence on social media as a "mental health influencer." The present paper intends to provide a definition of mental health influencers (MHIs) and reviews ethical concerns relevant to MFTs acting as MHIs. Particular consideration is given to ethical dilemmas and conflicts-of-interest which may emerge via parasocial relationships developed through social media influencing, as well as how the boundaries and the limitations of an MFT's professional scope can be tested when presenting as a personable, public figure over digital platforms. A framework for conceptualizing ethical issues for MHI-MFTs is offered, with a selection of prescient issues being examined within the scope of existing ethical standards set forth by the American Association of Marriage and Family Therapy's (AAMFT) Code of Ethics. Reflections are offered about what questions and guidelines should be observed by MFTs in order to avoid unethical use of social media as an MHI, followed by a brief discussion about future considerations which should be considered by MHIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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42. The Reasonableness Standard for Conscientious Objection in Healthcare.
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Reichlin, Massimo
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ETHICS ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,MEDICAL care ,CONSCIENCE ,REFUSAL to treat - Abstract
In complex, pluralistic societies, different views concerning the moral duties of healthcare professionals inevitably exist: according to some accounts, doctors can and should cooperate in performing abortion or physician-assisted suicide, while according to others they should always defend human life and protect their patients' health. It is argued that the very plurality of responses presently given to questions such as these provides a liberal argument in favour of conscientious objection (CO), as an attempt to deal with moral diversity by protecting both the professionals' claim to moral integrity and the patients' claim to receive lawful and safe medical treatments. A moderate view on CO is defended, according to which none of these claims can be credited with unconditional value. Claims to CO by healthcare professionals can be justified but must be subjected to a reasonableness standard. Both the incompatibility of CO with the medical profession and its unconditional sanctioning by conscience absolutism are therefore rejected. The paper contributes to the definition of the conditions of such reasonableness, particularly by stressing the role played by conceptions of good medicine in discriminating claims to CO; it is argued that respecting these conditions prevents from having the negative consequences dreaded by critics. The objection according to which accepting the physician's duty to inform and refer is inconsistent with the professed value of moral integrity is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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43. The Role and Value of Chaplains in the Ambulance Service: Paramedic Perspectives.
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Tunks Leach, Katie, Simpson, Paul, Lewis, Joanne, and Levett-Jones, Tracy
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OCCUPATIONAL roles ,SOCIAL support ,SPIRITUALITY ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,AMBULANCES ,RESEARCH methodology ,EMERGENCY medical technicians ,INTERVIEWING ,MEDICAL practice ,CORPORATE culture - Abstract
Chaplains are employed by ambulance services in many states across Australia as one element in a suite of initiatives to support the health and wellness of paramedics. The aim of this paper is to present key findings from a study that explored paramedic perspectives on the role and value of chaplains in the ambulance service. Seventeen paramedics participated in semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed using framework analysis. Two themes were identified: scope of the chaplain's role and organisational factors influencing the chaplain's role. Paramedics highly valued what they believed to be proactive and reactive support provided by ambulance chaplains, regardless of paramedics' personal spiritual or religious beliefs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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44. Brief Report: Feasibility of Delivering the Secret Agent Society Group Social Skills Program via Telehealth During COVID-19: A Pilot Exploration.
- Author
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Mootz, Carmen A., Lemelman, Amy, Giordano, Jennifer, Winter, Jamie, and Beaumont, Renae
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EDUCATION of children with disabilities ,PILOT projects ,PARENT attitudes ,EVALUATION of human services programs ,CAREGIVERS ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,PATIENTS' attitudes ,AUTISM in children ,COVID-19 pandemic ,SOCIAL skills education ,TELEMEDICINE ,GROUP process - Abstract
During the Coronavirus Pandemic, many have worried about the adverse impact on the social functioning of children with autism spectrum disorder. Telehealth delivered group social skills programs offer one way to address this concern. This brief report describes modifications made to the telehealth delivery of the Secret Agent Society group social skills program to five children on the Autism Spectrum aged eight to nine years and their caregivers. It also presents parent-, child- and clinician- feedback on the pros and cons of the telehealth program format, and describes how the intervention helped children to transition to more in-person contact at a time when social distancing restrictions were lifted. Recommendations for telehealth delivery of future social skills group interventions are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Labor and Delivery Clinician Perspectives on Impact of Traumatic Clinical Experiences and Need for Systemic Supports.
- Author
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Xu, Lulu, Masters, Grace A., Moore Simas, Tiffany A., Bergman, Aaron L., and Byatt, Nancy
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CHILDBIRTH ,PSYCHOLOGICAL burnout ,WORK environment ,SOCIAL support ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,RESEARCH methodology ,GROUNDED theory ,SELF-evaluation ,INTERVIEWING ,POST-traumatic stress disorder ,COMPASSION ,QUALITY of life ,SECONDARY traumatic stress ,NURSES ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,JOB satisfaction ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,WOUNDS & injuries ,LABOR (Obstetrics) ,DELIVERY (Obstetrics) ,PHYSICIANS ,THEMATIC analysis ,STATISTICAL correlation ,CORPORATE culture ,PSYCHOLOGICAL stress ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors - Abstract
Objectives: Few studies have elucidated the impact of work-related trauma on labor and delivery clinician or considered whether it may be a cause of burnout. This study aims to elicit labor and delivery clinician perspectives on the impact of exposure to traumatic births on their professional quality of life. Methods: Labor and delivery clinicians (physicians, midwives, nurse practitioners, and nurses; n = 165) were recruited to complete an online questionnaire on experiences with traumatic births. The questionnaire contained measures from the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the professional quality of life scale version 5. Some participants completed an optional free-text prompt to recommend ways to support clinicians after traumatic births (n = 115). Others opted into a semi-structured phone interview (n = 8). Qualitative data was analyzed using a modified grounded theory approach. Results: Self-reported adequate institutional support for clinicians after a traumatic birth was positively correlated with compassion satisfaction (r = 0.21, p < 0.01) and negatively correlated with secondary traumatic stress (r = − 0.27, p < 0.01), and burnout (r = − 0.26, p < 0.01). Qualitative themes included lack of system-wide and leadership support, lack of access to mental health resources, and suboptimal workplace culture as contributors toward secondary traumatic stress and burnout. Participants recommended proactive leadership, consistent debriefing protocols, trauma education, and improved access to counseling. Conclusions for Practice: Multi-level barriers prevented labor and delivery clinicians from accessing needed mental health support after exposure to traumatic births. Proactive investment in healthcare system supports for clinicians may improve clinician professional quality of life. Significance: What is already known on this subject? Studies on traumatic birth experiences rarely consider the impact on the providers caring for those patients. Few studies have elucidated the impact of work-related trauma on labor and delivery clinicians or considered whether it may contribute to burnout. What this study adds? This study found that involvement in traumatic birth experiences can affect labor and delivery clinician's professional quality of life, their interactions with patients, and desire to stay in the field. However, there is little acknowledgement or supports to mitigate these impacts in the workplace. Proactively investing in health care system supports for clinicians may mitigate clinician burnout and secondary traumatic stress and improve compassion satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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46. 10 Year Longitudinal Evaluation of the Spilstead Model of Milieu Intervention.
- Author
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Gwynne, Kerry, Angel, Kate Louise, Duffy, Gabrielle, Blick, Bijou, Dowling, Bronwyn, and Hodgins, Gene
- Subjects
FAMILY psychotherapy ,WELL-being ,PARENT attitudes ,CHILD development ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,PSYCHOLOGY ,EVIDENCE-based medicine ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,MILIEU therapy ,CONCEPTUAL models ,EARLY intervention (Education) ,FAMILY relations ,EMOTIONS ,PARENT-child relationships ,INTEGRATED health care delivery ,LONGITUDINAL method ,EVALUATION ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Although international research has defined best-practice intervention for children from vulnerable families as integrated and comprehensive, limited implementation and longitudinal evaluation of this approach has been conducted. The Spilstead Model (SM) of early years milieu intervention provides a uniquely integrated one stop shop model of care incorporating a comprehensive range of best-practice programs within a trauma-informed approach. Results from an initial evaluation involving 23 families (mean child age 3.7 years) indicated large effect size improvements 12 months post entry in family functioning as well as child development and emotional wellbeing (ES 0.8 -1.46, p < 0.001). This study aimed to evaluate the sustainability of these outcomes for both children and families via follow-up of the initial study co-hort 10 years post the initial evaluation. The study targeted families who participated in the original evaluation. Clinician and parent-rated adolescent measures paralleled the original assessments of parent, child and family functioning. Qualitative evaluation was also conducted via a semi-structured interview with parents. 83% of the original sample participated. Mean youth age was 13.2 years. Results indicated sustained improvements in parent-child relationship, child-wellbeing and reduction of parent stress with large effect size (1.14 – 1.92 p < 0.001). On average 73% of the adolescents scored within the normal range on each measure of functioning. Few had repeated school grades or been suspended. None had been arrested. Emerging themes from the qualitative evaluation confirmed the value of the integrated model. The results further support the value of the one stop shop Spilstead Model and have the potential to inform international policy and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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47. Validating the Teacher Sexuality Education Questionnaire Scales to Assess Educators' Preparedness to Deliver CSE to Young People with Disabilities.
- Author
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Carpenter, Bradley, Bakaroudis, Maria, and Hanass-Hancock, Jill
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CONFIDENCE ,RESEARCH evaluation ,RESEARCH methodology evaluation ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,HUMAN sexuality ,COLLEGE teacher attitudes ,SEX education ,HEALTH literacy ,TEST validity ,CRONBACH'S alpha ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RESEARCH funding ,SEX customs ,PEOPLE with disabilities ,SOCIAL skills ,DATA analysis software ,EVALUATION ,ADULTS - Abstract
Comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) is instrumental in ensuring that young people have the knowledge and skills to make informed decisions and practice safer sex. Worryingly, CSE is often not available to adolescents and young with disabilities. The Breaking the Silence (BtS) approach to CSE was developed to address this gap and help equip educators to teach CSE to adolescents and young people with disabilities. The TSE-Q was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the BtS approach and monitor changes in educators' knowledge, skills, attitudes, self-confidence, and preparedness to teach CSE to young people with disabilities. The TSE-Q is aligned with an adapted version of the theory of planned behavior. This is a second validation study of the TSE-Q embedded within a feasibility study for the BtS approach. Fifty educators and support staff from two South African special schools for people with disability participated in a BtS training workshop and completed the TSE-Q before and after the workshop. Additionally, participants were asked to complete an adapted version of Rowe, Oxman, and O'Brien's validity questionnaire probing content validity, face validity, and ease of use. Baseline data from the TSE-Q was evaluated for reliability, while the validity questionnaire and verbal feedback were used to assess validity. Most scales show good reliability, but knowledge-based scales have lower reliability due to their multidimensionality. The TSE-Q shows good face validity, content validity, and ease of use, but should be done on different days to any intervention/training. Overall, the TSE-Q is a robust questionnaire with good content coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Everyday Resistance in the U.K.'s National Health Service.
- Author
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Essex, Ryan, Dillard-Wright, Jess, Aitchison, Guy, and Aked, Hil
- Subjects
WORK environment ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,MEDICAL personnel ,INTERVIEWING ,NATIONAL health services ,DOCUMENTATION ,CONCEPTUAL structures ,STRIKES & lockouts ,CONFLICT (Psychology) ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,POLITICAL participation ,COLLECTIVE bargaining ,INDUSTRIAL relations ,CLIMATE change - Abstract
Resistance is a concept understudied in the context of health and healthcare. This is in part because visible forms of social protest are sometimes understood as incongruent with professional identity, leading healthcare workers to separate their visible actions from their working life. Resistance takes many forms, however, and focusing exclusively on the visible means more subtle forms of everyday resistance are likely to be missed. The overarching aim of this study was to explore how resistance was enacted within the workplace amongst a sample of twelve healthcare workers, based in the United Kingdom; exploring the forms that such action took and how this intersected with health and healthcare. In depth-interviews were conducted and results were analysed utilizing Lilja's framework (2022). Our findings suggest that resistance took a number of forms, from more direct confrontational acts, to those which sought to avoid power or which sought to create alternative or prefigurative practices or norms. These findings speak to the complexities, ambiguities, and contradictions of resistance, as carried out by healthcare workers in the workplace. While many acts had clear political motives, with issues like climate change in mind for example, participants also described how the act of providing care itself could be an act of resistance. While saying something about our participants, this also said something about the healthcare systems in which they worked. These findings also raise a range of normative issues. Perhaps needless to say, there appears to be substantial scope to expand and interrogate our findings and apply the idea of resistance to health and healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Developing Organizational Diversity Statements Through Dialogical Clinical Ethics Support: The Role of the Clinical Ethicist.
- Author
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Kröger, Charlotte, Molewijk, Albert C., and Metselaar, Suzanne
- Subjects
OCCUPATIONAL roles ,CONSENSUS (Social sciences) ,HEALTH facilities ,STAKEHOLDER analysis ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,CULTURAL pluralism ,SOCIAL justice ,ORGANIZATIONAL goals ,DOCUMENTATION ,COMMUNICATION ,BIOETHICS ,ELDER care - Abstract
In pluralist societies, stakeholders in healthcare may have different experiences of and moral perspectives on health, well-being, and good care. Increasing cultural, religious, sexual, and gender diversity among both patients and healthcare professionals requires healthcare organizations to address these differences. Addressing diversity, however, comes with inherent moral challenges; for example, regarding how to deal with healthcare disparities between minoritized and majoritized patients or how to accommodate different healthcare needs and values. Diversity statements are an important strategy for healthcare organizations to define their normative ideas with respect to diversity and to establish a point of departure for concrete diversity approaches. We argue that healthcare organizations ought to develop diversity statements in a participatory and inclusive way in order to promote social justice. Furthermore, we maintain that clinical ethicists can support healthcare organizations in developing diversity statements in a more participatory way by fostering reflective dialogues through clinical ethics support. We will use a case example from our own practice to explore what such a developmental process may look like. We will critically reflect on the procedural strengths and challenges as well as on the role of the clinical ethicist in this example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Diversified caregiver input to upgrade the Young Children's Participation and Environment Measure for equitable pediatric re/habilitation practice.
- Author
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Villegas, Vivian C., Bosak, Dianna L., Salgado, Zurisadai, Phoenix, Michelle, Parde, Natalie, Teplicky, Rachel, Khetani, Mary A., High Value Early Intervention Research Group, Kuznicki, L., Pedrow, A., and Howell, A.
- Subjects
PREVENTION of racism ,CAREGIVER attitudes ,DIVERSITY & inclusion policies ,HEALTH services accessibility ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,RESEARCH methodology ,DISCRIMINATION (Sociology) ,HEALTH outcome assessment ,CULTURAL pluralism ,INTERVIEWING ,VIDEOCONFERENCING ,HELP-seeking behavior ,REHABILITATION of children with disabilities - Abstract
Background: Practitioner and family experiences of pediatric re/habilitation can be inequitable. The Young Children's Participation and Environment Measure (YC-PEM) is an evidence-based and promising electronic patient-reported outcome measure that was designed with and for caregivers for research and practice. This study examined historically minoritized caregivers' responses to revised YC-PEM content modifications and their perspectives on core intelligent virtual agent functionality needed to improve its reach for equitable service design. Methods: Caregivers were recruited during a routine early intervention (EI) service visit and met five inclusion criteria: (1) were 18 + years old; (2) identified as the parent or legal guardian of a child 0–3 years old enrolled in EI services for 3 + months; (3) read, wrote, and spoke English; (4) had Internet and telephone access; and (5) identified as a parent or legal guardian of a Black, non-Hispanic child or as publicly insured. Three rounds of semi-structured cognitive interviews (55–90 min each) used videoconferencing to gather caregiver feedback on their responses to select content modifications while completing YC-PEM, and their ideas for core intelligent virtual agent functionality. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, cross-checked for accuracy, and deductively and inductively content analyzed by multiple staff in three rounds. Results: Eight Black, non-Hispanic caregivers from a single urban EI catchment and with diverse income levels (Mdn = $15,001–20,000) were enrolled, with children (M = 21.2 months, SD = 7.73) enrolled in EI. Caregivers proposed three ways to improve comprehension (clarify item wording, remove or simplify terms, add item examples). Environmental item edits prompted caregivers to share how they relate and respond to experiences with interpersonal and institutional discrimination impacting participation. Caregivers characterized three core functions of a virtual agent to strengthen YC-PEM navigation (read question aloud, visual and verbal prompts, more examples and/or definitions). Conclusions: Results indicate four ways that YC-PEM content will be modified to strengthen how providers screen for unmet participation needs and determinants to design pediatric re/habilitation services that are responsive to family priorities. Results also motivate the need for user-centered design of an intelligent virtual agent to strengthen user navigation, prior to undertaking a community-based pragmatic trial of its implementation for equitable practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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