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Sentiment analysis is a technique for extracting feelings, emotions, and points of view from texts that have been made publicly available through various data sources, such as social media. In the mid-2000s, the term "sentiment analysis" became widespread, and it peaked in 2019. The SCOPUS database shows a positive research trend in sentiment analysis research during the last 10 years (2012–2021). While conference papers accounted for 49.6 percent of this research, journal articles accounted for 38.8 percent of overall production. The United States is the country with the most paper publications in this research area. The majority of the technologies investigated in this study can identify positive, negative, and neutral polarity. Twenty prominent and widely accessible tools for sentiment analysis available on the Internet were examined, only a few of them are completely free, while some of them do provide a limited-featured free version. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper will provide a historical analysis of the impact of the US Manhattan Project from 1942 to 1945 and the subsequent nuclear test program 1945-1970 towards the development of the field of Nuclear Astrophysics and the interpretation of nuclear reaction processes in stars and explosive stellar environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an overview of the principles of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) and of recent results, describing what are the difficulties which had to be overcome in order to get ignition, as demonstrated at the National Ignition Facility in the United States in 2022. It also describes the scientific and technological challenges that should be met to be able to develop laser-driven fusion reactors in the next years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite rising awareness of the critical importance of Indigenous data sovereignty principles for the empowerment of Indigenous communities, there is minimal evidence of any engagement from cybersecurity policy makers or researchers to actualise these goals. This paper reports preliminary findings from the first phase of a more extensive research programme investigating cybersecurity in relation to Indigenous communities, which analysed national cybersecurity policies in Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) and big data in surveillance by the U.S. immigration enforcement has led to important ethical considerations. This paper aims to explore the extent to which immigration lawyers are aware of surveillance technologies in their work with immigrants and the lawyers' potential concerns about surveillance technologies. Through a thematic analysis of six semi‐structured interviews with U.S. immigration lawyers and legal practitioners, this research reveals three overarching themes that describe lawyers' perspectives on surveillance: surveillance knowledge, surveillance assemblage, and surveillance implications. These themes are rooted in lawyers' understandings, experiences, and encounters with surveillance in their daily work with immigrant communities and contribute to existing work at the intersection of surveillance, information studies, and immigration. This work calls on information scholars to explore and expand on understandings of surveillance within U.S. immigration enforcement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a bibliometric analysis on house price determination based on articles in Scopus database. The objective of this paper is to analyse scientific research on house price by using bibliometric approach. This paper analysed 408 articles from Scopus database. VOSviewer software was used for data visualization, while Microsoft Excel was used for data analysis. This paper presents year of publications, most active journals, keywords analysis and most influential country. The analysis reveals that the highest number of reported publications is in 2008 and most articles were published in Journal of Urban Economics. Of the 612 keywords, 25 were brought into visualization and United States is the most influential countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept and application of Geotechnical Baseline Reports (GBRs) for geotechnical risk allocation in underground construction, as mostly known today, originated in the United States and its adoption has grown globally since then. In 2019, FIDIC published its first conditions of contract specific for underground works, known as the Emerald Book. This contract form also includes a GBR as the single source of contractual risk allocation. While both the traditional and FIDIC's approaches to GBRs share many similarities, they also have notable differences. This paper offers an overview of the key shared concepts and philosophy and highlights their main differences in terms of risk allocation strategy and baselines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to provide small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) with a comprehensive guide that can be used to implement Lean Manufacturing (LM). Small businesses face challenges when implementing LM, but its benefits are also highlighted in the introduction. LM implementation guide and effectiveness assessment are the objectives. The literature review assesses LM frameworks, adoption, models, and success. In order to develop the research methodology, relevant studies on LM implementation in manufacturing SMEs were reviewed. The results discuss models and approaches for adopting LM and also measuring its success. A lack of standardized models and the importance of real case studies are highlighted in the conclusion. Specifically, it calls for further research on LM implementation in SMEs in the United States. As well as providing practical guidance for organizations seeking to implement LM effectively, this paper contributes to the understanding of LM implementation in SMEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper research about the impact social media influencers makes when they promote a brand. The influence of social media has increased multi-fold all over the world in recent years. As per "India Brand Equity Foundation" the Indian E-commerce sector has been on an upside growth slope and is contemplated to overtake the United States of America (USA) to become the 2nd bigger E-commerce market internationally by the year 2034. Indian e-commerce industry is expected to reach 99 US billion Dollar by the year 2024 from 30 US billion Dollar in the year 2019, increasing at a 27% Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR), with daily household item and clothing would likely to be the main drivers of magnanimous expansion. As per the Payoneer report, The Indian e-commerce sector ranked 9th all across the globe. Social media platforms have witnessed an exponential growth, where the websites by Instagram, Twitter, LinkedIn, YouTube and Facebook have taken the world into a brand-new era. Hence, this research paper focuses on the impression social media influencers make on consumers' mind and purchase intentions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insurance fraud, especially automobile insurance fraud, is a common fraud topic which causes significant financial losses for insurance companies. Dishonest claims impose a significant financial strain on insurance companies which influence on the entire industry. Because of this, insurers are constantly seeking for more effective detection systems to get beyond the limitations of traditional techniques; therefore, building a reliable and effective fraud detection model is crucial to maintaining the insurance providers' financial stability and reputation. Our research paper major objective is to use machine learning techniques to develop a reliable system for detecting car insurance fraud. This study intends to examine multiple supervised machine learning algorithms using classification method, and assess their efficacy, to ultimately select the most accurate model with significant accuracy for identifying fraudulent insurance claims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insurance fraud, especially automobile insurance fraud, is a common fraud topic which causes significant financial losses for insurance companies. Dishonest claims impose a significant financial strain on insurance companies which influence on the entire industry. Because of this, insurers are constantly seeking for more effective detection systems to get beyond the limitations of traditional techniques; therefore, building a reliable and effective fraud detection model is crucial to maintaining the insurance providers' financial stability and reputation. Our research paper major objective is to use machine learning techniques to develop a reliable system for detecting car insurance fraud. This study intends to examine multiple supervised machine learning algorithms using classification method, and assess their efficacy, to ultimately select the most accurate model with significant accuracy for identifying fraudulent insurance claims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advertising attracts significant attention from various stakeholder groups. It is a powerful tool and impacts all. Recent technological developments have introduced new opportunities, platforms, and tools to communicate with consumers individually and also made it difficult to monitor every communication for truthfulness. This paper examines how the advertising industry in U.S. regulates itself in these changing circumstances and how effective these measures are. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the experience, reflections, and best practices related to training adult education researchers in an adult learning and leadership doctoral program at a Research I institution in the United States. We discuss embedding technology into the curriculum, fostering connections, and supporting the development of self-directedness as key elements of an effective online doctoral program. The paper offers suggestions applicable to other online, research-intensive programs catering to the working learner population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper research about the impact social media influencers makes when they promote a brand. The influence of social media has increased multi-fold all over the world in recent years. As per "India Brand Equity Foundation" the Indian E-commerce sector has been on an upside growth slope and is contemplated to overtake the United States of America (USA) to become the 2nd bigger E-commerce market internationally by the year 2034. Indian e-commerce industry is expected to reach 99 US billion Dollar by the year 2024 from 30 US billion Dollar in the year 2019, increasing at a 27% Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR), with daily household item and clothing would likely to be the main drivers of magnanimous expansion. As per the Payoneer report, The Indian e-commerce sector ranked 9th all across the globe. Social media platforms have witnessed an exponential growth, where the websites by Instagram, Twitter, LinkedIn, YouTube and Facebook have taken the world into a brand-new era. Hence, this research paper focuses on the impression social media influencers make on consumers' mind and purchase intentions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Professional academic advising is a growing trend in undergraduate education [1]. Having a dedicated team of professionals trained to address not only a student's academic concerns but their personal and social needs have resulted in more confident students, increased retention, and timely matriculation [2]-[5]. However, many times professional academic advising remains unacknowledged and underappreciated [6], [7]. Engineering education research has established the importance of academic advising and student success[8], [9]. Yet many department stakeholders (i.e. faculty) are often not aware of the professional academic advisors' contributions. This lack of awareness about what professional academic advisors contribute stems from multiple factors. Advising doesn't have the "scientific" rigor and mathematical foundation that engineers tend to value. Additionally, most advisors have degrees in education and the social sciences rather than in ECE. Also, many professional academic advisors tend to be women in a predominately male discipline. Thus the work of academic advising is rendered invisible through gender, social background, education, and other factors. This paper discusses the work of creating a data-driven white paper to highlight the value of professional academic advising in an electrical and computer engineering (ECE) department in the Southeast United States. A qualitative culture and climate study of the ECE department initially revealed the complexity of the ECE undergraduate student's needs beyond the classroom and identified how the professional academic advisors were the primary caretakers of these concerns. Though the majority of student's concerns were academic, students discuss other numerous concerns ranging from their mental health and physical well-being to financial strains, career decisions, and even app development. However, much of the professional academic advisors' work and its connection to student success was unseen. To bring visibility and value to the work of the academic advisors, a white paper was developed to demonstrate how academic advisors greatly impact students' matriculation into successful engineers. It draws on quantitative data analysis of thousands of undergraduate student encounters by the professional academic advising team of four women in the ECE department. This study spotlights the vital care work that professional academic undergraduate advisors contribute to ECE student success through the development of a white paper to bring their work to the forefront of the ECE department. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Struggles for educational equity in the United States (US) and South Africa (SA), particularly with regard to race, class, and ethnicity, remain significant and have become even more critical during and following the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns. Many scholars have focused on the daily struggles of school-aged children, indicating that millions in each nation are homeless, food insecure, and without health care. Moreover, schools often serve critical social reproduction functions in addition to their primary role of advancing learning by providing feeding schemes, computers and internet connectivity, and, in many cases, essential childcare for workers. Since 2020, the pandemic and lockdowns negatively impacted the education delivery system in both countries by enhancing the socio-economic and digital divides. Both countries struggled to provide equitable access to quality education for all children, regardless of their socio-economic status (SES) or geographic location. Through a comparative lens, we analyze attempts by the US and SA to address racial and economic divides over the past decades, and particularly during the pandemic and its disruptions, to better understand the mechanisms education systems used to address stakeholder inequalities. After a brief overview of the historical paths to greater social and economic equality made by both nations the paper explores the significant roles that race, ethnicity, and SES continue to play in determining access to quality education, especially during times of disruptions such as the recent pandemic. It also asks if the economic divide has become the more powerful and consistent factor determining access to well-resourced schools. The paper concludes by asking if patterns of historical racial and ethnic inequalities are now being replaced by an even greater economic divide that continues to provide patterns of unequitable education for children based on their race, ethnicity, SES, and access to supportive resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to find out the best model of the classifier for diabetes prediction in the United States. Methodology: In this research paper, we apply three classification algorithms, namely, Naïve Bayes, Decision Tree and K-Nearest Neighbour to work on the healthcare problem, of early detection of diabetes patients. The data are extracted from Kaggle and pre-processed to ensure the data is cleaned. The dataset is analysed using exploratory data analysis (EDA) and study the correlation between the parameters. The parameters which is not suitable are dropped out for better feature selection and modelling. The model is tested with different parameters, that are, accuracy score, classification report, MSE and RMSE. After the models built, the models are hyperparameter tunned to increase the accuracy of each model. Grid search is one of the functions used to search for the best optimizer for the model. The data are tabulated, and the results are compared for further discussion. Results: The study findings show that the decision tree model has the best result after the hyperparameter tunning. The results are highest test accuracy score (74.24%), with the lowest MSE (0.2576) and RMSE value (0.5075) and strong precision as well as recall for the prediction of no diabetes and diabetes. The evaluation rate shows that the model is the best algorithm for the prediction of diabetes for Americans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This literature review aims to provide and analyze an overview of STEAM research from 2011 to October 2021. The Springer database identifies the journal articles. This study used a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) [1] with a prismatic flow diagram that can show inclusion activities and data search results [2]. There are 470 articles spread across 12 sub-disciplines, and after each paper from all the documents has been double-checked, 124 articles have met the inclusion criteria and were selected for review. The result obtained from the STEAM research articles has progressed from time to time. Of 72 articles analyzed, the most productive journal name is the International Journal of STEM Education, with the United States of America as the first rank of publishing STEAM research articles. The qualitative research method is the most widely used in STEAM research, with the most research instrument using semi-structured interviews. The effect of research articles has a 99% positive impact on the research. It can include more aspects and articles to analyze and should be able to take advantage of a longer period in conducting literature studies in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A futures contract is a derivative product in the form of an agreement that requires parties to buy or sell an underlying asset at a defined price and time in the future, which can be used as a means of hedging, speculation, or arbitrage. In this study, we utilize Holt-Winter and Grey Holt-Winter methods to model the daily closing price of the United States (US) energy commodity futures. The best model will be selected based on the lowest Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). In addition, we use Value at Risk (VaR) to assess risk. We took four energy commodities futures in the United States (US) as a sample, such as Natural Gas, Gasoline RBOB, Heating Oil, and Crude Oil. We suppose that the data has a pattern consisting of trend and seasonality. The stationarity test is used to prove this, showing the rejection of the hypothesis. Based on the study, the best model for all futures commodities is Holt-Winter because it has a lower MAPE value than Grey Holt-Winter. This paper concludes that, based on VaR, the energy-futures with the lowest risk is Heating Oil while the highest risk is Natural Gas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As social media becomes more present in the lives of people worldwide, it pervades their deaths as well. Before the Civil War, death and mourning rituals in the United States were largely considered the province of the deceased's loved ones. Following shifts in funerary customs, 21st century Americans are more removed from death care than ever before. Despite this, social media usage patterns have prompted increasingly public digital expressions of grief and mourning. The medium has transformed into a cathartic space for bereaved individuals, with memorialization functions of social media platforms also recasting platforms as sites of preservation. This paper examines account memorialization features of Facebook and Instagram, exploring social media memorialization as archival practice, with a particular focus on the concept of continued use as preservation. By delving into social media phenomena such as context collapse, the paper considers ways public perceptions of death may be shifting in the digital age. In merging the fields of information science and death studies, this paper intends to raise new questions about the potential impact of social media archival practices on the development of more public reckonings with death in mainstream U.S. culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines Tesla’s unique direct-to-consumer sales strategy in contrast to North America’s more common dealership model. Tesla has been a successful company with rising sales and growing more than other automobile manufacturers. Furthermore, their system has received positive feedback from customers, who enjoy the ease of purchase and online options. Tesla’s sales strategy also reduces the costs to the company in comparison to traditional dealership models. However, Tesla has faced challenges in the United States regarding the legality of their sales model and is combating this through the courts. Tesla’s model has been a great success for them, which has influenced other automobile companies to adopt similar practices to Tesla. In the future, Tesla may advance their direct-to-consumer strategy with new ideas to improve their process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the World Trade Organization (WTO) agreements, United States has continued to enforce trade agreements with many countries through the World Trade Organization (WTO), with 14 of the 20 countries being active participants in these agreements. Free trade agreements (FTAs) have grown in importance as essential trade agreements that facilitate trade negotiations among member countries. These FTAs could have a wide range of positive effects, including the ability to strengthen a country's overall economy and open new economic opportunities. Whether they support or oppose trade agreements, economists can agree that they are good for the economy. Trade agreements, in a brief, are the "rules of the road" that guide American companies on how to do international business while simultaneously defending American interests and utilizing international trade regulations. According to recent data, the US has continued to enter trade deals with several other countries, including the UK, Mexico, and Canada. One of the most important trade agreements for the US in recent years is the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA), which replaced the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) provides a crucial framework for commercial relations with these neighboring nations. The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) and the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP), two other recent trade deals, intended to improve trade ties between countries in the Pacific Rim and the European Union, respectively. Businesses in the United States can sign a variety of trade agreements, including Free Trade Agreements, Agreements with the World Trade Organization, Suspension Agreements, Bilateral Investment Treaties, Agreements on Intellectual Property Rights, Trade Agreement Guides, and the Florence Agreement Program. The purpose of this paper is to provide valuable insights into the benefits and drawbacks of these trade agreements and their long-term effects on the US economy and future generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the interaction between flexibility practices, sustainability practices, sustainability performance, and operational performance metrics of manufacturing companies. A survey of domestic automotive manufacturing companies in the United States (U.S.) was carried out with 101 responding facilities in a face-to-face interview from 101 different manufacturing plants (19 different Automotive manufacturing companies). The model-hypothesized relationships were tested through a partial least square structural equation model (SmartPLS). The paper provides insight into the positive mediating role/influence of flexible manufacturing systems practices on the relationship between sustainability, supply chain, and operational performance. Data indicate a significant correlation between flexibility and supply chain dimensions. The following research is one of few that investigates comprehensive flexibility, supply chain, and sustainability dimensions and interactions based on what is currently applied by the automotive industry in the U.S. The results indicate that flexibility practices implantation is critical for maximizing the outcomes of sustainability implementation in the US automotive facilities. The findings provide an important guide for practitioners and researchers implementing supply chain and sustainability dimensions in the manufacturing industry and the effect of flexibility dimensions implementation levels on such practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to explore, visualize, and analyze the state-of-the-art research of sentiment analysis in the tourism industry during COVID-19 using bibliometrics. The information source is obtained from the Scopus database from January 1, 2020, to November 27, 2021. A sample of 1690 documents was obtained within this period. Topic areas with titles, keywords, and abstract criteria in sentiment analysis and travel and tourism were used as a reference for extracting results. There was a significant increase in papers published in 2020 and 2021 related to COVID-19 and sentiment analysis. The top five most active countries were the United States (310 documents and 1799 citations), followed by the United Kingdom (170 documents and 12674 citations), China (240 documents and 1297 citations), Australia (120 documents and 430 citations), and Germany (44 documents and 172 citations). The maximum number of occurrences was "social media (401)" followed by "sentiment analysis (149)", "tourism (116)", "Covid-19 (131)", and "Twitter (77)". This study provides an overview of sentiment analysis and shows the trends in the research and publication with the tourism industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The driving forces changing how we work and the jobs that we do are impacting organizations of all sizes across all sectors. The global pandemic has accelerated the pace of change and disruption to a level not experienced before. The combination of Industry 4.0, the Fourth Industrial Revolution and COVID-19 are creating a new sense of urgency to drive collaboration between industry and education. In 2022, academic institutions offer three paths to prospective engineering students, which students qualify for via standardized testing; Path 1) 4-year bachelor degrees with "R1" research focus: typically following on to postgraduate degrees and careers in research or academia. Path 2) 2-year associate degree (community college): typically leading to a career based on a technical skill or trade. Path 3) 4-year bachelor degree with industry focus: typically leading to careers in technicalbased industries. This paper presents a new approach to the "third path," the industry-based bachelor degrees. The new approach is an alternative to the traditional programs currently offered by the majority of engineering schools in the United States. The traditional academic approach is failing to fill the talent pipeline. Academic policies and practices are unable to keep pace with the exponential growth of technology, the evolving motivations of a four-generation workforce (soon to be 5 generation) and the unpredictable development of new engineering business models [1-4]. The global competitiveness of the United States is at risk, the stakes are too high to stay on the traditional course. The authors contend that paths 1 and 2, despite shortcomings of their own, are in far better shape than the third path, so they are not addressed in this paper. This paper, written more like a position paper, proposes a new model for the third path; it is based on extensive research that was discussed in prior publications by the same authors [10,11,24-26]. The Third Path model proposes revised roles for the four key stakeholders involved in undergraduate engineering and technical education. The stakeholders are: 1) Industry (United States), 2) Academic institutions, 3) Federal and State Governments, and most importantly 4) nextgeneration student-engineers and technicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are many emerging universities and colleges in Middle East and Eastern Africa that are trying to adopt their own engineering programs to suit the accreditation system used in Canada or United States. However, knowledge of the accreditation process is not always understood or compared. This paper explains in detail the accreditation process, specifically developing a civil engineering program, using both the accreditation rules and regulations in Canada and compares them to the United States regulations. The paper includes a list of proposed courses needed to be completed by students to obtain a bachelor's degree in civil engineering. The developed curriculum aims to also deliver a new program that reflects excellence and leadership in undergraduate education including "green" courses concerning renewable resources. The paper presents simplified tables and diagrams along with step by step on how to calculate the academic accreditation units of a civil engineering program and how to fit this curriculum to match what is required based on the percentages of the courses prescribed and the requirements of academic accreditation as proposed by Canadian Engineering Accreditation Board (CEAB). The paper includes a course map that relates the graduate attributes to each course of the curriculum. A similar discussion of ABET procedures is discussed and compared as well. Moreover, it includes setting the program goals and the learning outcomes for each of the suggested courses in addition to a list of teaching aids recommended for delivering the curriculum's courses. The scientific laboratories required, and testing equipment needed to conduct scientific lab experiments are also included. A list of proposed courses to be completed by undergraduate students to obtain a bachelor's degree in civil engineering and green courses, to educate students and raise their attention to renewable resources and climate changes taking place worldwide. Both the CEAB and the ABET processes were outlined, and similarities discussed. Although this paper focuses on the Civil Engineering specifics, the principles and regulations are the same for any engineering program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At this writing, there are approximately 332 million people in the United States. Of this, approximately 36% of the U.S. population has a bachelor's degree; this is up from 29.9% a decade earlier in 2010. In 2000, one-third of people with at least a bachelor's degree had completed an advanced degree. By 2018, 37 percent had done so. The number of people with master's degrees, then is roughly 13% of the current U. S. Population. The number of people with professional degrees is roughly 1.2%, while the number of people with Doctorate degrees is close to 2.2%. Given this, what is the interest and likelihood of those with master's degrees pursuing an online Doctor of Technology degree? And, demographically, who are those students? The Doctor of Technology (DTECH) program of this paper was nearly six and a half years in the making. It began with a committee envisioning a degree concept through a yet to be defined academic curriculum. To gain final approval of this degree, an exhaustive compare and contrast was performed of comparable, or similarly situated programs across all levels of academic institutions. On approval from the Commission for Higher Education, the DTECH proposal authors forecasted a semester over semester enrollment of ten new students. Given the program was designed as a three-year program, it was anticipated the program would have a steady state enrollment of roughly 30 students. After two semesters, the program experienced an extraordinary and unexpected enrollment explosion of over 200 students. With an in-depth understanding of the students, program originators can assess not only demographic attributes, such as gender, age, race, and ethnicity, but also the range of prior academic degrees conferred. This data multiplicity provides rich insight into market comparison between those students anticipated and those realized. The value of such data resides in knowing versus not knowing and the practical and tactical implications therein. This latter thought of the value of such data is addressed in the conclusions. This paper will take a first look at available demographic data to better understand the students who participate in this program. Available data on gender, race, ethnicity, academic backgrounds, and business/industry type will be explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the United States' foreign policy towards climate change in the period of 2009-2017. During this period, the United States actively participated and supported the climate change negotiations, including making and signing the Paris Agreement. Previously, the United States rejected the Kyoto Protocol and negotiations. The author uses qualitative research methods by analyzing official documents, journals, and books. The result of this research is that many international actors have pressed and supported the United States in participating in climate change. President Barack Obama has the most significant foreign policy role on climate change issues at the domestic level. However, the United States is not fully supported domestically, particularly in Congress and Senate Republicans and industry groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the increasing scholarly attention to disinformation, there is a lack of research on policies of disinformation, which has extended beyond social media to cover other aspects of disinformation distribution. This study is an investigation into a specific aspect of disinformation policy, intermediaries, defined as all channels, carriers, means, and mechanisms that enable disinformation creation, distribution, transmission, dissemination, and consumption, using technology or through traditional methods. Using an inductive thematic analysis approach, this study examined existing information policies in China and the United States and identified a wide range of disinformation intermediaries that are currently regulated or have the potential to be regulated by the government. The paper reports on these intermediaries and offers an analysis of the contexts of disinformation regulation in the two countries. The findings provide empirical evidence on current disinformation policy practices that may assist researchers, policymakers, and legislators in understanding the current disinformation policy landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we investigate the generation of phenotypes for kidney transplant donors and recipients to assist with decision making around organ allocation. We present an ensemble clustering approach for multi-type data (numerical and categorical) using two different clustering approaches--i.e., model based and vector quantization based clustering. These clustering approaches were applied to a large, US national deceased donor kidney transplant recipient database to characterize members of each cluster (in an unsupervised fashion) and to determine whether the subsequent risk of graft failure differed for each cluster. We generated three distinct clusters of recipients, which were subsequently used to generate phenotypes. Each cluster phenotype had recipients with varying clinical features, and the risk of kidney transplant graft failure and mortality differed across clusters. Importantly, the clustering results by both approaches demonstrated a significant overlap. Utilization of two distinct clustering approaches may be a novel way to validate unsupervised clustering techniques and clustering can be used for organ allocation decision making on the basis of differential outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proportion of students desire to pursue higher education abroad, especially in United States, is growing every year and they find it hard to looking for the right universities. And therefore, this paper helps in determining the eligibility of Indian student to be admitted to universities based on their test characteristics, such as CGPA, TOEFL, Research papers published predicting the output which helps them to find the possibility of admitting in universities based on their scores, for the PGScore dataset collected from Kaggle and the Logistic regression model out performed among all other model with an accuracy of 93.3%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the confidentiality management of tax accrual working papers. It states that in interim, taxpayers are advised to take necessary measures that may help them in protecting confidentiality of their tax accrual working papers. It mentions the legal framework of the disputes in Canada, U.S., and Great Britain on the ability of tax authorities to access the subjective analysis of taxpayers and the analysis of their professional advisers.

The purpose of this paper is to study mathematical formulas that explain how the coronavirus is transmitted from a primitive person equal zero(no pantion) to an uninfected person at known rates. And then proposing a mathematical formula using the multiple obj-function as well as creating a mathematical formula that aims to reduce the cost of transporting the vaccine from the United States of America to the world. Important concepts in The Coronavirus Optimization Algorithm so that the reader can have a broad knowledge and awareness of idealism, In addition to that we bring the reader closer to know How to create mathematical formulas based on the classification of society into three categories, healthy, injured, and survivors.And the last part dealt with the transfer of the vaccine manufactured in the United States of America and the world, and we proposed a formula for it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A divisive reorganization, such as a spinoff, can create stakeholder value. A spinoff may be undertaken for risk reduction, cost savings, management focus, or capital raising. Whatever the motivation, the transaction occurs frequently in Canadian and US public markets. The authors focus on tax-deferred spinoffs by Canadian and US public corporations. They describe the basic steps of a spinoff in each country and then identify and summarize the restrictions imposed by each country's tax law. Although each country's spinoffs are broadly similar in effect, a US spinoff uses fewer and more rational steps than a Canadian butterfly but faces tighter restrictions. One major difference explored in detail is that, unlike Canada, the United States requires a corporate business purpose for the transaction, and the legal form of transactions may be recast pursuant to their economic substance. In the context of a Canadian butterfly, the authors discuss the role of economic substance in Canadian tax law. They also comment on a public consultation paper of the Department of Finance (Canada) that proposes to amend the general anti-avoidance rule to introduce an explicit economic substance rule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The improvement in technology know how is very fast that makes United States less difficult to attempt to realistic hobby supported the emergence of technology that is prepared to manipulate digital gadgets inside the residence from a distance this is termed top Home. Facial detection structures are additionally growing. The generation of dominant digital gadgets victimization far off manipulates is beneficial in coping with the digital gadgets as a way to manipulate and display residence. IOT means devices or things connected over internet. With the rapid improvements in IOT heading in the direction of virtual generation wherein device to device interplay takes area with the assist of The Internet of things. The house equipment with inside the house, workplace and enterprise have become clever each day. This paper includes manipulation of home equipment the use of voice indoor, while in out of doors manipulate the use of MQTT. Outside frame component popularity make use of anywhere won't produce suit information. The gadgets can engage and standing may managed the use of a messaging carrier referred to as Telegram. Open supply hardware which include Raspberry Pi to interface the home equipment with inside the home. To execute a home mechanization one should examine the inner parts of the equipment, which couldn't be conceivable by exclusive equipment. So, this paper is an opportunity, and picked open equipment for the usage of an occurrence of uses of IOT. PI sheets are practical and simple to execute popularity are machine person notification victimization the Telegram larva app. twine larva as far off and get hold of notification from machine. Out of twenty 5 identity trials, the achievement price or SR of face identity take a look at turned into 84% and consequently the false accept Rate or manner turned into 16%. Upon few programming guidelines, the Pi board would fill in according to the directions with the associated gadgets. This paper includes a PI board with "Telegram Bot" to send the IOT programming to detect and express moistness an area. Some necessary elements that have an impact on the achievement price placement of consequently depth in course the technique of information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital workplaces (DWP) can be deliberated as effective ways of working environment. The objective of this study is to review digital workplace adoption articles during a ten years of period starting from the year 2009 until the year 2019. The PRISMA Statement (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) was used as a review method to categorize the articles related to the digital workplaces. The data of 32 articles were analysed by utilizing a Bibliometric Analysis. The finding of this study shows that the highest publication of DWP articles were published in year 2019, Technological Forecasting and Social Change is the most common journal publishing DWP articles, Abdulrahman, M.D. is the most popular author in DWP adoption article, Hong Kong Polytechnic University is the highest affiliation studied on DWP adoption, the highest publication were conducted in United States, and the most popular keyword of the DWP adoption is technology adoption. The originality of this study is it systematically review the DWP adoption articles, something that has been overlooked by previous scholars. Few limitations and recommendations are discussed in this article for future direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The past few years have brought a reckoning to the United States, as awareness of our country's injustices dramatically increased, elevating international movements for equity. Although the road to equity remains long, the United States delegation was inspired to highlight a few women's stories showcasing their success in physics as well as their struggles. We aim to elevate their accomplishments, knowing we cannot possibly highlight all the amazing stories, to further validate and support women's importance in physics. Physicists are presented in three main categories: (1) Legacy: Women in physics who have made their mark (no longer active, retired, or deceased); (2) Active: Women who are making their mark now (already established in the field, mid-career to senior); and (3) Emerging: Women who are primed to make their mark in the future (current students and postdocs or early career). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The energy field is one of the factors most subject to technological evolution and rapid transformations in the current global spectrum. Energy policies will therefore also impact the field of defense resources. The aim of this paper is to pursue two types of energy policies and their impact on security and defense at European level. A first challenge is represented by green energy and its development. Green energy is a paradigm shift for production factors and will therefore influence at macroeconomic level, defense industries and the way these industries manage new technologies that require new types of energy in order to function. A second challenge that this paper wants to study is related to how the recent energy crisis at European level, which is due to a series of policies and decisions like implementing Nord Stream, may have an impact on defense resources and their allocation, especially for the states of the East Flank to NATO. With such challenges in mind, we aim to study the impact that all of these factors have on defense and security policies at a transatlantic level, including USA and European States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Applications are often useful to economic educators. For example, one economic focus is inflation. Both North and South switched from gold to paper money during the Civil War. This became a problem for both sides -- but more for the South -- when the quantity of paper money was expanded. There was simply too much money chasing too few goods, which resulted in inflation. Inflation and several other economic principles will be explored in this context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adsorption of methane plays a critical role in shale gas reservoirs. Understanding adsorption behaviour is critically important to evaluate a gas reserve and predict gas production. In shale gas, the composition of organic matter strongly affects the gas adsorption in shale. However, heterogeneous organic matter distribution leads to heterogeneous gas adsorption capacity on the shale pore surface. This paper presents the experimental study of the methane adsorption of five shale samples from the Eagle Ford Formation, United States. The methane adsorption measurements were conducted with shale gas samples using the gravimetric method. The measurements were conducted at the temperature of 77 °C and pressure up to 30 bars. The adsorption isotherms were obtained, and analysis was performed. The adsorption capacity increased as the pressures were raised. However, the adsorption rate remained constant as the pressure was applied, implicating the samples maximum adsorption capacity. The shale samples EF 5 shows the highest adsorption capacity compared to the other shale samples. The high adsorptive capacity resulted from significant total organic carbon (TOC) and clay contents that provide high surface area for methane adsorption. In addition, this study also observed that samples with high clay compositions showed higher adsorption capacity, resulted from the internal surface area provided by the clay surface. This study also attempts to correlate the TOC and clay to the adsorption capacity through experimental results. These findings provide additional adsorption data on shales necessary for developing a predictive model for shale gas systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the United States, the use and misuse of substances such as tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs affect the lives of millions of people as substance use is often an antecedent and a consequence associated with mental and physical illness. Dealing with these challenges requires a greater understanding of substance use in society. In this paper, the authors propose using Model-Based Systems Engineering combined with Addiction Science to represent a framework for improved understanding of substance use as a healthcare structure. Systems modeling language is used to develop a descriptive model of the system architecture, parameters, and interdependencies to illustrate the existing structure of substance use. This paper focuses on the representation and modeling of substance use behavior, which includes the antecedents and consequences of use. The authors have used alcohol use in college students as a case study. The authors propose that the use of systems engineering architecting coupled with Addiction Science will expand the current information base and improve our understanding of substance use. By using a systems engineering approach, the authors not only represent alcohol use in college students but also provide increased information to improve understanding of it thereby creating a framework that can be used to facilitate decision making about substance use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the historical relationship between renewable energy intensity in South Korea (Korea) and major fuel prices with macroeconomic variables, and compares the results with the U.S. counterpart. Renewable energy initiatives have been more active in the world energy market since the Arab oil embargo in the early 1970s. South Korea, the 12th largest economy in 2018 and the 9th largest energy consumer in 2017 in the world, possesses little domestic natural resources and had to meet 98% of its energy needs from international sources. As renewable energy is a viable substitute for electricity generation, with biofuel for transportation energy use, renewable energy sources have well served South Korea and the U.S. The benefits have been two-fold: reduced dependence on foreign energy imports and the promotion of a cleaner environment. With renewable energy competing with fossil fuels for price advantages in energy markets, this paper analyzes annual data, from 1990 to 2017, to examine and identify the multifaceted relationship between fuel prices and renewable energy intensity, under the developing market dynamics in these countries. The implications will help engineering managers better understand sustainability issues under the dynamics of energy market systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work in progress paper reports on part of a larger project examining engineering students' learning experiences, sense of belonging, motivation, and engineering identity, specifically focusing on how the COVID-19 pandemic affected these attributes and students' connection to others. A survey was distributed in Spring 2021 to engineering students (n = 1565) at a land grant institution in the southeastern U.S. that included open-ended questions about how the COVID-19 pandemic affected the students' learning experiences and sense of belonging. Likert-type questions asked students to rate the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic affected their learning experiences, sense of belonging and connections to others (peers, instructors, TAs, other engineering groups). Our analysis of the qualitative data (open-ended survey responses; n=815) used inductive, emergent coding to categorize students' responses. Descriptive statistics were calculated for the quantitative data (close-ended responses) to help visualize emerging themes. Analysis with respect to gender and race/ethnicity revealed significantly lower connections to peers for Hispanic/Latino students when compared to White students. Analysis also found that female students reported statistically higher effects of online learning on their sense of belonging in engineering compared to male students. First year students felt less connected and more stressed than they had prior to the pandemic. First-year and senior students reported lower connections with their TAs than sophomore and junior students. Some students said they relied on technology, such as social media platforms to connect with other students and groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Prior to the pandemic, remote laboratories were gaining popularity for some universities because they were able to enroll students in laboratory courses while saving money on equipment. However, depending on the resources provided by each university, some students were unable to gain 'hands-on experience.' The Analog Discovery Kit (ADK), a USB connected device, is a useful tool that allows students to work on their laboratory experiments remotely while still having the opportunity to build and test electrical circuits. Unlike simulation only resources, students with USB connected devices still gain hands-on experience in a remote setting. When the pandemic started, transitioning to a remote work environment was no longer an option, but a necessity. A large public university in the eastern United States was able to seamlessly transition from in-person courses to remote electrical engineering laboratory courses during the pandemic because the engineering laboratory experiments had previously been designed to run in both electrical engineering laboratories as well as with a student purchased USB device at home. Students were mailed a few additional electrical components and were able to complete the laboratory experiments from home using the ADK and breadboard while meeting for the laboratory session via Zoom. The combination not only allowed students to still have hands-on learning experiences, but also provided the opportunity to ask questions even amidst the pandemic. As students transition back to in-person laboratory courses, there was a unique opportunity to evaluate student comfort with in-laboratory use of the bench-top equipment after only utilizing simulation along with and the ADK in the fully remote setting. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the ease of transition for students switching from only using the ADK and building circuits in a remote setting to also using bench-top laboratory equipment at a public facility. Method: The quantitative study surveyed 227 students from Circuits II, Electronics I, and Electronics II laboratory courses. Students were emailed a survey regarding their experiences returning to in-person laboratory courses. The data was then analyzed using SPSS. Conclusion: Eighty-two (82%) of participants prefer in-person laboratory courses and a majority of students believed that using the ADK and building and testing circuits remotely helped with the transition back to in-person labs and using bench-top equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

STEM students' ability to combine a concept's possible image that can be structured mentally, and its definition based on their integral knowledge is important particularly for area and integral related engineering applications. Detailed oriented application to the solution under certain conditions is also important; for instance, the relationship between integral calculation and area under the curve needs to be treated carefully in calculations. The data analyzed in this work was collected from 24 STEM students at a mid-sized Northeastern university that either enrolled or completed the second 4-credit course in the United States during 2020 and 2021 years. The participants completed a questionnaire and had gone through video recorded interviews to explain their written questionnaire responses by following an Institutional Review Board (IRB) process attained for the research. Action-Process-Object-Schema (APOS) theory is used for evaluation of the research question, along with the concept image and concept definition approach of Dreyfus et. al [1]. The written responses alone were not sufficient neither for APOS classification nor for concept image and concept definition application in which case video recorded interviews helped with this classification of the participants. The results indicated the need for designing more interactive calculus assignments, exercises, and quizzes for concepts that require better mental construction of such concepts by involving participants actively as a part of the questions asked in assignments, exercises, and quizzes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Engineering curricula across the United States seek to develop well-rounded engineers with the ability to solve real problems upon graduation. To that end, capstone/senior design classes are present in most if not all ABET accredited undergraduate engineering programs. As the goal is to expose students to the tools they will need to solve actual problems, these classes are centered around team projects in a laboratory setting, with some lecture delivery in a supporting function. Physical distancing rules, as well as reduced/remote access of laboratories and equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic, posed significant challenges to the continued delivery and greatly hindered achievement of the stated educational outcomes of these classes. A southwestern institution developed new and creative strategies to address these challenges while continuing to operate under these constraints. Some were temporary, while others led to discoveries that modified the class delivery in the long term thus benefiting both students and instructors. In this paper we will describe the challenges we faced and the solutions we came up within the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, as well as the student reaction to the COVID-19 laboratory experience. The learnings from the affected 2019 - 2021 capstones provide an opportunity to both apply methods to normal, post-pandemic instruction and to be prepared for potential future interruption of capstone team-based laboratories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A school's capacity to offer equitable Computer Science (CS) education is an important component of schools, districts, states, or countries ability to offer effective education, yet it remains the least researched. The new CAPE theoretical framework provides a way to investigate and measure an institution's capacity to offer CS education, who has access to the CS Education offered, who participates (enrolls) in the CS education offered, and the learners' experiences engaging with the CS education. When considering how an intervention may impact a primary or secondary school's capacity to offer CS education, we turned to the CAPE framework and created a logic model (theory of impacts) to disaggregate parts of the intervention that needed to be studied, guided by the research question How can we create a Theory of Impacts for Capacity to explore the equitable distribution of impacts of a multi-school intervention?, we developed the Theory of Impacts-CAPE (ToI-CAPE) model to create a blueprint for hypothesizing the impacts of a specific intervention with the purpose of creating targeted instrumentation and protocols to explore the hypotheses. In this paper, we review the notion of capacity explicitly for high school institutions in the United States, then detail how we used our knowledge of building this model to create a method for understanding the impacts of the intervention with respect to capacity. We also discuss our experiences with this process and provide sufficient detail in this report so others can use our process to explore the broader impacts of educational systems in the US or abroad related to capacity using a similar method for understanding specific intervention impacts. By doing so, this new ToI model can be used by others investigating the impact of an intervention's capacity building efforts to offer CS education, specifically interventions that are within and across multi-school or multi-institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims at identifying factors influencing robo-advisory demand and usage. We show that it is essential to tell apart the intention to invest in financial markets from the intention to use robo-advisor technology. Therefore, we develop an augmented model of the “Unified Theory of Adoption and Use of Technology” (augmented UTAUT model) that allows to explain both of these customers’ intentions simultaneously. The model is evaluated by means of a PLS approach using online survey data collected in the US and Germany. Empirical results shed light on (potential) investors’ intentions and attitudes towards robo-advisory services. The model developed in this paper is generally applicable whenever it comes to model adoption of a new technology that relies on the use of a basic product or a basic technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the COVID-19 global pandemic surfaced and soon impacted many lives and industries across the globe, many organizations did not even have time to think about how to respond to such a crisis. This paper explores how the use of one such quality improvement methodology: Lean Six Sigma, helped the healthcare sector to be better prepared during the time of a global pandemic. Define, measure, analyze, improve, and control (DMAIC) is a Lean Six Sigma tool for continuous improvement. This paper discusses how DMAIC was instrumental in developing a COVID-19 Surge Planning Strategy for hospitals in the Midwestern US. A dedicated multidisciplinary team can look at the number of patients, trends, and available resources to plan effectively. Being one of the first such studies, the findings are useful for researchers and practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]