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The article provides a guide for writing a research paper. Topics include the importance of creating a schedule before the research started and an example of how much time an average student will spend on each step of writing a research paper such as understanding the scope of the assignment, choosing the topic, taking notes and proofreading.

The article offers information on various techniques used for paper cutting. One such technique is symmetrical, in which two sides of the paper cut are mirror images of each other. On the other hand, asymmetrical paper cuts do not require the paper to be folded at all and the design is drawn onto the back of the paper before cutting. Ways to combine symmetrical and asymmetrical techniques are provided. Other techniques described are positive, negative and combined positive and negative cuttings.

The article offers information on the different types of paper cuts that can be done as projects. As a first project, one bookmark can be completed in just a few hours as bookmarks are relatively small. The subject of paper cuts that are used as decorative wall hangings may be just about anything and a range of colors can be used. Paper cuts can also be made into frames for mirrors, photographs, drawings or paintings.

The article provides an overview of the tools and materials used in paper cutting. Cellophane can be used to enhance paper cut by adding a touch of delicate color. To cut the paper, scissors or blades are used. Letter or phrase decals are used to add written personalized message to a paper cut. The paper upon which the paper cut will be mounted when finished can either be a cardboard or matboard. Other types of paper that can be used include colored paper, metallic paper and white paper.

The purpose of this study is to discover a design methodology for User Centered Design (UCD) Innovation. This paper focuses on paper prototype method for user evaluation and design. After proposing an approach to utilize paper prototype method, author proposed detail approach based on UCD process. In case study, author utilized this method for design education of design course on university. As a result, author received several innovative ideas from UCD view point. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As sort of traditional paper process machinery equipments, paper cutting machines are developing rapidly in hydraulic, digital display and computer control machines. But a great number of products of the paper cutting machines in the market are that the pressing paper units are controlled by hydraulic drive and cutting paper units still adopt mechanical driven by worm wheel and worm. These kinds of paper cutting machines have many disadvantages, such as: complex structure, low driven efficiency and low availability factor of hydraulic system and so on. One type of the paper cutting machine with fully hydraulic system both in pressing paper and cutting paper units is studied in detail. The hydraulic system element circuit are delivered and analyzed in detail. The loading and working condition of hydraulic system are also analyzes and calculated; the main parameters of performing elements including the power of motor are confirmed as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is about searching literature digital libraries to find "related" publications of a given publication. Existing approaches do not take into account publication topics in the relatedness computation, allowing topic diffusion across query output publications. In this paper, we propose a new way to measure "relatedness" by incorporating "contexts" (representing topics) of publications. We utilize existing ontology terms as contexts for publications, i.e., publications are assigned to their relevant contexts, where a context characterizes one or more publication topics. We define three ways of context-based relatedness, namely, (a) relatedness between two contexts (context-to-context relatedness) by using publications that are assigned to the contexts and the context structures in the context hierarchy, (b) relatedness between a context and a paper (paper-to-context relatedness), which is used to rank the relatedness of contexts with respect to a paper, and (c) relatedness between two papers (paper-to-paper relatedness) by using both paper-to-context and context-to-context relatedness measurements. Using existing biomedical ontology terms as contexts for genomics-oriented publications, our experiments indicate that the context-based approach is accurate, and solves the topic diffusion problem by effectively classifying and ranking related papers of a given paper based on the selected contexts of the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]