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Introduction: Cyber harassment of students is a significant stressor in today's society. Medical students are responsible for the physical health of people in the future, so paying attention to their mental health is of enormous importance. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of teaching emotion-oriented processing strategies on the perceived stress of cyberbullied medical students. Materials & Methods: The present research was a quasi-experimental study that was conducted on medical students of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in the academic year of 2022-2023. Thirty cyber-damaged medical students who had been cyberbullied and perceived stress were selected by the purposive sampling method and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The educational intervention included 9 sessions, an hour for each session, virtually through the Skyroom platform. Before and after the intervention, participants filled out demographic and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) data collection forms. The statistical test consisted of the ANOVA, which was analyzed by SPSS V.25, and the level of significance was considered less than 0.05. Results: The mean and standard deviation of the perceived stress scores among medical students who suffered from cyberbullying in the post-test of the experimental groups decreased compared to the control group (P=0.003). Based on the covariance analysis, there was a significant difference in the perceived stress scores of the experimental group compared to the control group (P<0.038). Conclusion: The use of emotion-oriented processing by the cyberbullied medical students can improve their perceived stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cancer is considered one of the most significant causes of death worldwide. Probiotics are living microbes that play a significant role in protecting the host in various ways. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effect of Bifidobacterium bifidum cell extract and supernatants as probiotic bacteria on the Adenocarcinoma gastric cancer cell line and analysis of Fas, P53, and Bcl2 gene expression. Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, the cell extract of heat-killed and supernatants Bifidobacterium bifidum was prepared. The cytotoxicity of cell extract and supernatants on AGS cell lines was evaluated in 24, 48, and 72 hours using a cytotoxicity assay. Moreover, the P53, Bcl2, and Fas apoptosis gene expression levels in the Adenocarcinoma gastric cancer cell line were analyzed using a molecular assay. The collected data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA analysis with the Graph Pad Prism V.8 at the level of significance less than 0.05. Results: Supernatant (pH = 6), then supernatant (pH = 4), and then cell extracts of Bifidobacterium bifidum were able to reduce the survival rate of the AGS cell line in 48 and 72 hours. The results of gene expression by molecular method also showed an increase in Fas and P53 gene expression (p < 0.05) and a decrease in Bcl2 gene expression (p < 0.05) in the adenocarcinoma gastric cancer cell line compared to the reference GAPDH gene expression after 72 hours. Conclusion: Supernatant of Bifidobacterium bifidum with, respectively, pH = 6 and pH = 4, could induce apoptosis in the Adenocarcinoma gastric cancer cell line. So, it seems that Bifidobacterium bifidum has potential uses as a probiotic for pharmaceutical applications, including the prevention of gastric cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Angiogenesis is the biological process of sprouting new vessels from existing vessels in the tissue. The main factors in the molecular guidance of this process are vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF). Given the significance of antibiotics in reducing angiogenesis through the inhibition of collagenase, phospholipase A2, and several matrix metalloproteinases, the objective of this study was to examine the impact of the Doxycycline antibiotic on alterations in the gene expression of VEGF and FGF within the angiogenesis pathway of the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) in chick embryos. Materials & Methods: In this research, 50 Ross fertilized eggs were randomly divided into 5 groups, including the control group, laboratory control, and 3 experimental groups. On the eighth day of incubation, the laboratory control group was treated with normal saline, and the experimental groups were treated with doses of 50, 100, and 250 µmol/ml of the Doxycycline antibiotic. On the twelfth day, photographs were taken of the samples. The number and length of blood vessels and then the weight and length of embryos were measured. A real-time PCR technique was used to investigate the expression changes of VEGF and FGF genes on the CAM membrane. The statistical tests included one-way ANOVA, independent t-test, and post hoc tukey, which were analyzed by SPSS V.20 at a level of significance less than 0.05. Results: The number of vessels and the length of vessels in the treatment groups showed a significant decrease compared to the control group (P<0.05). Also, the expression level of VEGF and FGF genes in the treatment groups was significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The doxycycline antibiotic can significantly reduce the expression level of VEGF and FGF genes and the angiogenic process of the chorioallantoic membrane of chick embryos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: One of the most common causes of elbow pain is tennis elbow disorders. Sufferers of this disorder complain of pain, decreased grip strength, and reduced functional activities that may have a significant impact on daily activities and lifestyle. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the impact of instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) on the quality of life of patients with tennis elbow disorders. Materials & Methods: 44 non-athletes with tennis elbow disorder were selected purposefully and available and randomly divided into two experimental groups (13 males and 9 females) and control (16 males and 6 females). Participants in the control group received a single injection of corticosteroids, 10 sessions of physiotherapy, and daily use of a tennis elbow splint for one month, while the patients in the intervention group, in addition to receiving the interventions of the control group, received IASTM for two sessions each week for 4 weeks for 10 minutes. The patients' quality of life was measured using the SF-36 questionnaire before and after the intervention. The statistical test included one-way ANOVA, which was analyzed by SPSS V.26 at a level of significance less than 0.05. Results: After the intervention, the average score of the quality of life subscales wasn’t significantly different between the two groups (P<0.05), but the total quality of life score of the intervention group was significantly different from the control group (P<0.001). Conclusion: The use of IASTM along with common interventions for the treatment of tennis elbow can be effective in improving the quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The high incidence and mortality rates of liver cancer have raised concerns about the effectiveness of current treatments. This study aimed to synthesize iron oxide nanoparticles coated with glucose and conjugated with Safranal (Fe3O4@Glu-Safranal) and investigate its effect on the viability and expression of the CASP8, CASP9, p53, and CAD genes in a liver cancer cell line (HepG2). Materials & Methods: HepG2 cells were treated with different concentrations of the nanoparticles, and the effect of nanoparticles on cell viability was determined using the MTT test. After determining the inhibitory percentage of different concentrations of nanoparticles, the cells were treated with 50% inhibitory concentration of the nanoparticles, their total RNA was extracted, cDNA was synthesized, and gene expression level was evaluated by real-time PCR. The statistical tests included one-way ANOVA and paired t-test, which were analyzed by SPSS V.22 at a level of significance less than 0.05. Results: The results showed that the Fe3O4@Glu-Safranal nanoparticle at concentrations higher than 62.5 µg/ml causes a significant decrease in the survival rate of cancer cells. A 50% inhibitory concentration of the nanoparticle for liver cancer cell lines was found to be 277 and 458 μg/ml, respectively. This showed that the nanoparticle had stronger cytotoxic effects on cancer cells. Also, it was observed that treatment of the cells with Fe3O4@Glu-Safranal caused a significant increase in the expression of the CASP8, CASP9, p53, and CAD genes by 4.27, 2.09, 3.92, and 1.76 folds, respectively, in liver cancer cells (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Apoptosis induction can be considered the main anticancer mechanism of the Fe₃O₄@Glu-Safranal nanoparticle, which is caused in response to direct cell damage or generated oxidative stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Testicular cancer is one of the most common type of cancers to affect men. Medical herbs are increasingly considered useful complementary treatments for cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic, antioxidant, and anticancer capacity of Melia azedarach L. extract on testicular cancer TM4 cells. Materials & Methods: The TM4 cells were treated with various concentrations of leaf Melia azedarach L. extracts (10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 250, 750, and 1000 µg ml⁻1) for 24, 48, and 72 hours. MTT assay and real-time PCR were used for the evaluation of plant extract cytotoxicity and gene expression (CAS8, CAS9) analysis, respectively. Anthocyanin content and DPPH radical scavenging activity were evaluated for the antioxidant potential of plant extract. Statistical tests included one-way ANOVA, which was imported to SPSS V.18, and the significance level was considered less than 0.01. Results: MTT assay results revealed a decline in live cells with increasing concentration of plant extract in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Cell viability was significantly (P < 0.01) reduced, especially at a concentration of 1000 µg ml⁻1. Also, the CAS8 gene expression was increased in TM4 cells treated with bitter olive extract at 174.2 µg ml⁻1concentration (IC50), whereas the CAS9 gene expression was decreased. Moreover, a higher DPPH activity and anthocyanin content were found with increasing plant extract concentration. Conclusion: Ethanolic extracts of Melia azedarach L. have antioxidant activity, which could significantly inhibit the proliferation of testicular cancer TM4 cells (A549) by inducing apoptosis and CAS8 gene expression. Therefore, it could be regarded as an additional treatment for testicular cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Many factors, including coagulation disorders, have an effect on mortality in patients with Covid-19 viral infection. Considering coagulation problems are so important for these patients, the goal of this study was to look into the connection between coagulation test results, such as prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), D-dimer, and platelet count, and the death rate in Covid-19 patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit of Ganjovian Hospital (Dezful, Iran) in 2020. Materials & Methods: This comprehensive cross-sectional study was conducted on the information of 100 patients with Covid-19 hospitalized in the intensive care unit. The data from the patient’s files were analyzed using Graph Pad Prism version 8.3 statistical software. Qualitative variables were described using frequency indices, percentages, and relative frequency. A t-test was also used to compare the study parameters between the death and discharge groups. The level of significance was considered less than 0.05. Results: The mean and standard deviation of the age were 58.2±14.2. The average age of the death group was significantly higher than that of discharged patients (P=0.038). The D-dimer and PT test results in patients with Covid-19 who died were significantly higher than those of discharged patients (P=0.002), but there was no significant difference in platelet count and PTT between the two groups (P=0.680). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, paying attention to the results of D-dimer and PT tests may be helpful in predicting the prognosis of Covid-19 disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: With the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic, many countries in the world implemented necessary quarantines to prevent the spread of the virus. Research shows that quarantine measures can affect mental health; therefore, it is important to identify the psychological characteristics that make people more vulnerable. One of the factors that may increase the occurrence of psychological disorders in adolescents under these conditions is alexithymia. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating alexithymia and its components in adolescents with and without pets during the Covid-19 pandemic. Materials & Methods: The current study employs a descriptive and post-event comparative method, and the statistical population encompasses both adolescents with and without pets. The available sampling method selected 120 people, 60 of whom had pets and 60 of whom did not. The tools of this research were a demographic questionnaire and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), and data analysis was done using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) by SPSS version 26 at the level of significance less than 0.05. Results: The results indicated a significant difference in alexithymia between adolescents with and without a pet (t=2.441, P=0.016), with adolescents with a pet exhibiting a higher average of alexithymia compared to those without a pet. In addition, there is a difference between the component of objective thinking in adolescents with and without a pet (F=7.608, P=0.007). This means that the component of objective thinking in female adolescents who have a pet is higher than in male adolescents (F=7.622, P=0.008). Conclusion: The psychological construct of alexithymia significantly differs between adolescents with and without pets during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this case, adolescent girls struggle with objective thinking, tend to focus on concrete events under stress, tend to care for pets more frequently, and struggle with communication skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) as a chronic inflammatory disease is one of the most common neurological diseases characterized by demyelinating lesions in the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerve. The present study was designed and conducted to investigate the prevalence of cognitive disorders in patients with MS. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 60 patients with MS referred to Kowsar Semnan Hospital (Semnan, Iran) in 2020 were examined. Two questionnaires, including Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS) were used for data collection. Moreover, data was entered and analyzed in STATA software (version 14). Results: The mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of the patients was 35.33 (7.20) years; 66.7% of them were female, 85% had a university education level, 75% were married, and 16.7% experienced mild depression based on the BDI-II. In terms of the type of MS, 88.3% of patients had relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and 58.3% suffered from at least one cognitive disorder, as well as the Auditory/Verbal learning was the most common cognitive disorder with 43.3%. Women were significantly more likely than men to suffer from at least one cognitive disorder (P<0.05), and people with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) were significantly more likely to have at least one cognitive disorder compared to those with RRMS (P<0.05). Similarly, the symbol digit modalities test (SDMT) scores in individuals with SPMS were significantly higher than those in individuals with RRMS (P<0.05). However, no statistically significant association was observed between the types of cognitive disorders in MS patients and the presence of depression (P>0.05). Conclusion: A significant proportion of MS patients had at least one of the cognitive disorders, and the prevalence of cognitive disorders in SPMS patients was higher than in RRMS patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The present study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial effect of the ethanolic extracts of mint and licorice on Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans. If the antibacterial and antifungal effects of these plants are observed, they can be introduced as effective plants against oral biofilm microorganisms to replace commercial drugs. They can also be considered cost-effective and innovative solutions to deal with caries. Materials & Methods: Two medicinal plants, mint and licorice, were extracted using ethanol as a solvent following their collection and drying. The antibacterial and antifungal properties of these extracts were evaluated using disc diffusion, well diffusion, and biofilm formation measurement methods on a total of 162 samples. In addition, the Kruskal-Wallis test was employed for statistical analysis, with data processed using SPSS (version 22). A significance level of 5% was maintained across all tests. Results: The analysis of the results in the disc and well diffusion indicated that the concentration of 100 mg/ml of licorice showed the strongest antibacterial effect among different concentrations, and Streptococcus mutans was more susceptible than Candida albicans. Moreover, the results of measuring the amount of biofilm formation demonstrated that the concentration of 100 mg/ml of licorice had the most substantial effect in inhibiting the biofilm of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. Conclusion: Among the examined samples, a concentration of 100 mg/ml of licorice exhibited an antibacterial effect comparable to that of commercial chlorhexidine mouthwash. This finding suggests the potential for further research into the development of an herbal mouthwash based on this extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: According to the conducted studies, breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors, and its incidence rate is increasing yearly. One of the measures to reduce the mentalities from breast cancer is early diagnosis of biomarkers, such as Leptin polymorphisms (rs7799039 and rs2167270), and timely treatment. Leptin is an adipocytokine made by fat cells, playing a crucial role in cell proliferation, survival, migration, and immune response. The present study aimed to assess the association between polymorphisms in the Leptin gene and breast cancer risk in Arak, Iran. Materials & Methods: Two SNPs of the Leptin gene (rs7799039 and rs2167270) were genotyped by PCR-RFLP method (polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism) in a case-control study, including 80 breast cancer patients and 80 healthy controls. In this study, all statistical analyses were performed in SPSS software (version 26) using the Chi-Squared test at P˂ 0.05 significant level. Results: Based on the results, rs7799039 and rs2167270 showed no significant association with breast cancer risk (P=0.183 and P=0.86, respectively). In this study, the mean age in the patient group was 47 ( an age range of 28-79 years). Conclusion: As evidenced by the obtained results, Leptin gene polymorphisms (rs7799039 and rs2167270) did not increase the risk of breast cancer in the Arak population in Iran. Although based on the present study results, there was no significant association between Leptin gene polymorphisms and breast cancer risk, according to the prominent role of the Leptin gene, the polymorphisms of this gene could be used as biomarkers to predict breast cancer in other populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Women, due to menstruation, pregnancy, and poor iron intake and absorption, are prone to iron deficiency anemia and its effects. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of process-based therapy in working memory and sleep quality in women suffering from iron deficiency anemia and generalized anxiety disorder. Materials & Methods: This study utilized a single-case experimental design. For doing so, six female participants suffering from iron deficiency anemia were selected through purposive sampling and received individual process-based therapy during nine 60-minute sessions. In the pre-treatment stage, the participants responded to Newman, Zueling, Kachin, and Constantino's fourth version of the generalized anxiety disorder questionnaire and underwent clinical interviews. They also completed a working memory test and sleep quality questionnaire in baseline stages, third, sixth, and ninth sessions of the intervention, and finally at the 3-month follow-up stages. The data were analyzed using visual analysis, a stable change index, and a recovery percentage formula. Results: The results pointed out that the rates of overall recovery in working memory in the intervention and follow-up stages were 52.95% and 85.43%, respectively. Moreover, the rates of overall recovery in sleep quality in the intervention and follow-up stages were 66.57% and 75.78%, respectively, indicating success in therapy. Conclusion: Process-based therapy improves working memory and increases the sleep quality of participants. Therefore, it is suggested to be used as a method of treatment and complementary to medical treatment to remedy comorbid mental disorders and improve the general performance of people with anemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: During a pandemic, in addition to a serious threat to the physical health of vulnerable people, the fear of disease and fear of death, along with everyday disturbances, causes healthy people to be involved with the anxiety and stress of the disease and suffer psychological disorders. In the meantime, healthcare workers and medical students are groups of people whose mental health status can be endangered by this virus. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the relationship between perceived psychological stress and anxiety caused by COVID-19 in students and healthcare workers working at the Asadabad School of Medical Sciences. Materials & Methods: During a descriptive-analytical study, 113 students and 85 health workers working at Asadabad School of Medical Sciences in 2019 were examined using a stratified sampling method with proportional allocation. The data collection tool included demographic information, Alipur Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (2018), and the 14-item version of Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale (1983). After collecting the data, they were analyzed using SPSS software (version 26). Spearman's correlation test and MannWhitney's non-parametric test with an alpha significance level of less than 0.05 were used to check the relationships and compare the data. Results: The overall mean scores of perceived psychological pressure of workers (22.25±9.29) and students (23.90±9.35) were close to the mean level, and the overall mean of COVID-19-induced anxiety in both groups was at a moderate level (workers: 16.36±10.85 and students: 15.24±10.15). Moreover, there was a positive and significant statistical relationship between perceived psychological pressure and COVID-19-induced anxiety in both groups of workers (r=0.55; P0.00) and students (r=0.37: P=0.00). Nonetheless, the comparison of the level of perceived psychological pressure of medical workers and students did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference between the two groups (u=4108.5; P=0.08). This comparison was not significant for the level of COVID-19-induced anxiety caused in the two groups (u=4582.5; P=0.58). Conclusion: The results of the present study pointed out that both groups of medical workers and students experienced almost the same amount of psychological pressure and anxiety. Furthermore, with the increase in participants' level of COVID-19 anxiety, the perceived psychological pressure also increased and vice versa. Therefore, it is recommended that psychiatrists and psychologists be employed in COVID-19 centers, that free psychological counseling be provided to health-treatment workers and students with problems, and that workshops and retraining courses on resilience and problem-solving skills be held. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Considering the effects and negative consequences of divorce at the individual and social levels, especially for women, the need for preventive measures to reduce these damages is evident. Aim: The current research aimed to compare personality abilities and self-suppression in women applying for divorce and non-applicant women. Methods: The current research is applied in terms of purpose and causal-comparative type of descriptive in terms of research method type and the statistical population was all the women who referred to counseling centers in Qom in 2022, from which 30 women who applied for divorce and 30 women who did not apply for divorce were selected using the available sampling method using G*Power software. The research tools were Values in Action Inventory of Strengths by Peterson and Seligman (2003), and Silencing the Self Scale by Jack (1991). To analyze the data, multivariate analysis of variance was used for the main hypothesis and univariate analysis of variance using SPSS26 software was used. Results: The results showed that there is a difference between personality abilities and selfsuppression in women applying for divorce and non-applicant women (P<0.01) and women applying for divorce obtained a higher score in self-suppression and a lower score in personality abilities Conclusion: The results showed that there is a difference between personality abilities and selfsuppression in women applying for divorce and non-applicating women. In order to increase personal abilities, it is suggested to focus on individual abilities such as hope, optimism, creativity and vitality in couple training and couples therapy sessions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: One of the chronic diseases that has developed widely is chronic kidney disease. Hemodialysis is the most common treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease. The experience of hemodialysis and its problems affect people's resilience. Considering the chronic nature of the disease in hemodialysis patients and the need for continuous education and continuous care in these patients and the limited availability of articles, this study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of the continuous care model on the resilience of hemodialysis patients. Methods: This study was conducted as a clinical trial on 74 patients (37 experimental patients and 37 control patients) undergoing hemodialysis in 2023, at Shahid Chamran Hospital in Tehran. In this study, a simple randomization method with coin toss was used to allocate units in the experimental and control groups. Personal characteristics questionnaire and Connor and Davidson's resilience questionnaire were used to collect information. In the experimental group, in addition to routine care, the continuous care model was implemented in 4 stages (including four stages of orientation, sensitization, control, and evaluation) for one month. The resilience of the patients was measured before, immediately, and one month after the intervention. After collecting the data, it was entered into SPSS version 23 and analyzed. Results: Before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of individual characteristics and average resilience (P<0.05). Based on the results, the implementation of the continuous care model had improved the average resilience score (P<0.001). At the time of follow-up, this difference between the two groups was significant (P<0.001) and it was still higher in the endurance test group. Conclusion: Hemodialysis patients are under high pressure and stress and need higher resilience. This study showed that the continuous care model is useful in promoting resilience and increasing tolerance of hemodialysis patients. Therefore, it is recommended to use continuous care model in hemodialysis patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Education is the main factor of economic growth in a country, and the curriculum is the heart of any education system. As civilization makes the transition from the industrial era to one of sustainability, educational leaders around the globe ought to implement a learning system that prepares young people for life in a unified society. Every country that has experienced high growth for a long time makes great efforts to educate its nation and reinforce its human capital. In contrast, there is considerable evidence that many developing countries are not doing enough. Education has a legal claim on public funds for at least two obvious reasons. First, the social returns are likely to be greater than the private returns. Second, some families with low incomes and credit constraints may not be able to invest as much in education as they would like, even if a higher income is guaranteed for a diploma or university degree in the case of a successful job search. Therefore, public spending on education is established based on impartial opportunity and efficiency. This paper provides a starting point to explore what skills and concepts students should be studying to lead the future. The curriculum model provides an explicit outline of some of the competencies that will likely be required for whatever world scenario emerges. This study focuses on the key roles of education and its relation to economic development as well as the curriculum as a core part of the entire educational drive of nations. In particular, the aim of the present study was to study the goals and contents of the high school curriculum of Group 7 countries and Iran with a focus on the differences and similarities of cognitive and metacognitive skills, which were compared with Iran in order to reach an appropriate model. Methods: The method used in this study is qualitative, seeking to understand a research phenomenon in its usual environment that leads to a deep understanding of the studied phenomenon. In particular, this research is a documentary analytical research with a comparative approach. The statistical population of the research in the first study, which had a comparative approach, includes all documents, printed and electronic texts regarding the curriculum elements of the selected countries. It includes all articles, websites, studies, and research related to the research topic. In the Delphi method, the presence of experts and experts in the subject is emphasized. Statistical sample: In this research, in the first part, after searching the official portals of the countries and databases, all the documents that contain the content of the curriculum elements of these countries have been found. Data analysis in qualitative research is the process of classifying, describing, and combining data. In this section, after collecting the information and data, the contents were separated into 4 components: goal, content, method, and evaluation for each country. Then it was analyzed based on John Stuart Mill's agreement and difference model. The analysis in the quantitative part includes Kendall's coefficient and confirmatory factor analysis with the help of SPSS22 and Amos Graphics version 23 software. Meanwhile, Maxqda18 software was used in the qualitative part and model extraction. All documents were translated by translators from IACTI (Iranian Certified Translators and Interpreters). It must be acknowledged that the process of translating the documents was complicated and difficult due to the different languages and finding the appropriate equivalent in Persian. 212 participants, including secondary school teachers, university professors, and Ph.D. students in the fields of curriculum and education management helped to confirm and categorize the collected information. In the next step, the Delphi method was used to obtain the opinions of experts and reach a consensus about the studied components. With a 5-point Likert style scale 80% agreement was obtained, which was regarded as attaining a minimum acceptable interrater agreement. Results: This study was motivated by doubts that have been raised about the role of education and human capital in economic development. These doubts come from a variety of vantage points ranging from whether the research has correctly identified the impact of education to whether other institutional aspects of countries might be more important. They also encompass concerns about whether or not we really know how to change educational outcomes, particularly in developing countries. The eight studied countries were divided into two groups for comparison: (a) Group of Seven, and (b) Iran. The objectives and content included in the curricula of these countries were identified, and then similarities and differences between these two groups were analyzed. The results show the importance of both minimal and high-level skills, the complementarity of skills and the quality of economic institutions, and the robustness of the relationship between skills and growth. International comparisons incorporating expanded data on cognitive skills reveal much larger skill deficits in developing countries than generally derived from just school enrollment and attainment. The magnitude of change needed makes clear that closing the economic gap with developed countries will require major structural changes in schooling institutions. Moreover, the results of this research showed that the goals and content of the curriculum of these countries often emphasize the areas of work and employment and are somehow economy-oriented. In Iran, there is not much emphasis on these areas in Iran. Although the principles and teachings of Islam pay attention to work, there is a lack of attention to this issue in the goals and content of the curriculum. It is suggested that there is an emergency need to review the national curriculum in Iran. Taking help from religious foundations in this field, such as paying attention to work and effort in Islam, avoiding laziness, and contentment, paying attention to halal earning and sustenance, etc., is very beneficial and enlightening. Using the fundamentals of Islam only in prohibitions and outward criticisms and only paying attention to prayer and fasting not only makes students evasive but also limits the main mission of religion which enlightens the path of people's lives and can open a way in their social and economic life. Pointing to the fact that the longest verse of the Holy Quran is in the field of economic transactions is one of the examples of the importance of the field of economics in Islam and proof of this matter. The lack of economic attention and cultivating students’ cognitive as well as metacognitive is felt in terms of preparing people for the future, after graduating from secondary education. It seems that it is better for the planners to update and modify the secondary school curriculum in line with economic development and changes in psychological knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The stress caused by COVID-19 had affected many people in society, especially individuals at risk. The present study was carried out to investigate, firstly, whether COVID-19- related stress plays a mediating role in the relationship between rumination and aggression in drug-dependent people undergoing treatment. Secondly, the study was conducted to know whether rumination has an indirect effect on the aggression of substance-dependent people under treatment through the mediation of COVID-19-related stress. Methods: In this correlational analytical study, 136 patients undergoing maintenance treatment with methadone who were willing to enter the study were investigated by the available sampling method in two addiction treatment centers in the 1st and 2nd districts. The data collection tools in the present study included the Corona Disease Anxiety Questionnaire, Rumination Questionnaire, and Bass and Perry Aggression Questionnaire. After collecting the data, the anxiety score of each participant was measured from 0 to 54, the rumination score from 0 to 88, and the aggression score from 29 to 145. Then, the data was analyzed using Lisrel statistical software. Results: Findings showed that the direct effect of rumination on aggression is 0.23, which is significant at the P < 0.01 level. Therefore, rumination has a positive and direct effect on aggression. Also, COVID-19-related stress plays a mediating role in the relationship between rumination and aggression in drug addicts under treatment. In addition, the indirect effect of rumination on aggression is 0.25, which is significant. Thus, rumination has an indirect effect on aggression through the mediation of COVID-19-related stress. Conclusions: According to the high prevalence of psycho-social problems such as depression, anxiety, fear, addiction, job burnout, suicidal thoughts, violence, domestic and post-traumatic stress during the COVID-19 pandemic, in the post-corona era, we have witnessed a high amount of mental and social injuries in the world. For this reason, governments must screen psychologically vulnerable groups in advance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Endometriosis (EMS) is a female reproductive system disease in which uterine-like cells grow in other areas of the body and outside the uterus. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a major role in the degradation of the extracellular matrix and the pathogenesis of endometriosis. The present study is the first to investigate the possible association of MMP-2 (rs7201) and MMP-9 (rs17576) genetic variants with susceptibility to EMS in Iran. Material & Methods: This case-control study was performed on 100 healthy control women and 100 patients with EMS. The MMP-2 and MMP-9 genotypes were determined using the Tetra amplification-refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) Technique. Data were analyzed in SPSS software. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the distribution of MMP-9 AG (OR: 4.11, 95% CI: 2.13-7.91, P<0.001) and GG (OR: 11.33, 95% CI: 4.23-30.3; P <0.001) genotypes between the control and patient groups. The MMP-9 G allele was associated with an increased risk of endometriosis (P<0.001). Moreover, a significant association was detected between MMP-2 rs7201 polymorphism and EMS. MMP-2 AC genotype had a protective effect on endometriosis (OR: 0.27. 95% CI: 0.15-49%; P<0.001), and the MMP-2 A allele was associated with decreased risk of endometriosis (P<0.001). Discussion & Conclusion: As evidenced by the results of this study, MMP-9 rs17576 and MMP-2 rs7201 polymorphisms were associated with EMS in the studied population in Iran. Further studies with larger samples of different ethnicities need to confirm these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The use of functionalized metal nanoparticles against cancer cells has gained assiduous attention. This study aimed to assess the inhibitory activity of iron oxide nanoparticles coated with glucose and conjugated with coumarin (Fe3O4@GluCoumarin) on breast cancer cell line, as well as the expression of the caspase-8 and caspase-9 genes. Material & Methods: The physical and chemical properties of nanoparticles were evaluated using FT-IR, XRD, EDS-map, and electron microscope imaging. The toxicity of the synthesized nanoparticles was determined using the MTT assay, and the 50% inhibitory dose (IC50) was calculated. Moreover, the effect of nanoparticles on apoptosis induction was investigated by measuring the expression level of the caspase 8 and 9 genes and flow cytometry analysis. Statistical analyses were performed in SPSS software. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to assess significant differences between nanoparticle-treated and control groups. A p-value of less than 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. Results: The synthesis of Fe3O4@Glu-Coumarin nanoparticles was confirmed by physicochemical tests, including FT-IR, XRD, EDS-mapping, and electron microscope imaging. The nanoparticles had dimensions of 25 to 50 nm and contained Fe, O, and C elements. The treatment of MCF-7 cells with nanoparticles caused a significant decrease in the survival of cancer cells, and the IC50 was 93μg/ml. The exposure of cells to the nanoparticles caused a marked increase in the expression of caspases 8 and 9 by 2.6 and 2.9 folds, respectively, compared to the control group. In addition, the frequency of apoptotic cells after treatment with the nanoparticles increased from 2.21% to 84%.. Discussion & Conclusion: The results of this study pointed out that Fe3O4@GluCoumarin increased the expression of the caspases 8 and 9 genes in breast cancer cells and, as a result, can activate the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways, thereby inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Chronic non-specific low back pain (CNSLBP) is a public health issue associated with a complex interaction of biopsychosocial factors. Electroencephalography (neurofeedback) is one of the methods used to assess and treat psychological factors associated with pain and increase awareness of the activity of different parts of the brain. Objective The present clinical trial investigates the effectiveness of neurofeedback training (NFBT) exercises on psychological variables (pain, disability, and kensiophobia) in women with CNSLBP. Methods This was a clinical trial study. A total of 40 females with CNSLBP were recruited for the clinical trial. The patients were randomly divided into two groups, namely experimental and control (each group included 20 patients). The experimental group received NFBT for 8 weeks. Pain intensity, disability, and kinesiophobia were assessed via the visual analog scale, the Oswestry disability index, and the Tampa scale. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software, version 26. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to ensure the normality of the data distribution (P>0.05). The covariance test was used to compare results between groups. Results The results showed that the NFBT had a significant difference in reducing pain (P=0.000, ƞ² =0.693), disability (P=0.005, ηp ² =0.253), and kinesiophobia (P=0.000, ηp 2 =0.904). Conclusion NFBT leads to a reduction in the perception of pain intensity, disability, and kinesiophobia; however, they do not address the underlying cause of pain in this group of patients. Instead, they only modulate the response to pain sensation processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Candida vaginitis is the second most common cause of vaginitis in women after bacterial vaginitis. Among the approved treatments, boric acid has been proposed as an effective treatment for drug resistance and disease recurrence. Objective This study compares the effectiveness and side effects of boric acid and fluconazole in the treatment of candida vaginitis. Methods In this non-random study, 50 women with candida vaginitis, based on clinical and laboratory examinations from Iranian university hospitals were selected based on the convenience sampling method. The patients were randomly divided into two groups as follows: One group received oral fluconazole 150 mg for 3 days and the other group received boric acid suppository 600 mg for 14 days. Improvement was identified by laboratory tests. Analysis and statistical analysis were done with the help of descriptive tests of frequency, frequency percentage, Mean±SD, dispersion index, and chi-square. Results Seven people from the fluconazole group and five people from the boric acid group still had a positive culture after the end of the treatment period, and the response to the treatment was 78% with boric acid and 69.5% with fluconazole (P=0.023). Two people from the boric acid group and three people from the fluconazole group had complications during the treatment, and this difference was not significant (P>0.05). Conclusion Fluconazole and boric acid both improve bacterial vaginitis. However, the success rate of boric acid treatment is higher. Also, the frequency of complications in the group receiving boric acid was less, which can result in the success of treatment with boric acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Various body tissues of β-thalassemia patients are exposed to the destructive effects of iron overload due to chronic blood transfusions. Therefore, the decision to start regular blood transfusion therapy for these patients often leads to the administration of iron chelators. Deferasirox as an orally effective iron-chelating drug could cause some therapy-related adverse events, such as increased liver enzymes, serum creatinine, and gastrointestinal bleeding. Objective This study evaluates the effect of deferasirox on serum levels of ferritin and liver aminotransferases in transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia patients. Methods In this study, changes in the serum levels of ferritin and liver aminotransferases in β-thalassemia patients receiving deferasirox, who were referred to the thalassemia department of the 17 Shahrivar Hospital and Beesat Clinic in Rasht City, Iran, have been evaluated, retrospectively. In this regard, 104 β-thalassemia major patients over two years of age receiving regular blood transfusions and deferasirox for at least two consecutive years were enrolled. Information of patients, including age, sex, blood transfusion frequency, deferasirox administration duration and dosage, and serum levels of ferritin and liver enzymes between baseline and at least two years after iron chelation therapy with deferasirox was recorded. Results The decreased serum levels of ferritin (P=0.017), aspartate aminotransferase (P=0.0001), and alanine aminotransferase (P=0.015) in the last blood testing after deferasirox therapy were statistically significant. However, there was no statistical significance between the decreased serum levels of liver aminotransferases and factors, including age, sex, blood transfusion frequency, duration, and dosage of deferasirox administration. Conclusion After a few months of taking defrazirox, rather than causing mild and rare liver complications, it can have a protective role for the liver against iron overload in the body and significantly reduce liver aminotransferase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Discharge against medical advice indicates the dissatisfaction of patients with the care services of the health system. Additionally, it threatens patient's life and causes negative financial outcomes for hospitals. Objective This study identifies the causes of self-discharge decisions from the emergency department at Kowsar Hospital, Semnan City, Iran. Methods This was a descriptive-analytical study conducted between August 2021 to March 2022. The data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire containing demographic characteristics and reasons for self-discharge, including the following three main concepts: Personal, staff-related factors, and environmental factors with sub-concepts. Meanwhile, the data were analyzed using the SPSS software, version 22. Results A total of 140 patients with a mean age of 33.52±16.17 years were included, of which 58.6% were men and 41.4% were women. Moreover, 63.6% of patients were married, 42.1% had a diploma education, and 11.4% had a history of taking neuropsychiatric drugs. Also, 42.9% of patients were covered by social security insurance. The highest rate of self-discharge was in the evening (42.1%) and night (37.9%) shifts. The most important reasons for self-discharge decision were problems related to insurance (30%), COVID-19 infection (26.4%), poor communication (17.1%), dissatisfaction with care (15.7 %), disrespectful behavior of staff (12.9%), and inappropriate emergency ward facilities (12.1%). Conclusion Make appropriate decisions to improve the quality of medical services and increase cooperation in health insurance, separating the departments of infectious diseases away from other departments, holding briefing sessions for physicians and medical staff, increasing awareness of patients about possible complications of self-discharge, and improving the amenities of emergency ward can reduce the rate of self-discharge decision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: One of the most common psychological disorders in the world today is depression, and it seems that one of the important components in developing or maintaining depression is the difficulty in regulating emotions. Aim: The present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy on emotion regulation difficulties in depressed people. Methods: The method of the current research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test- follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population of this research consisted of all the patients diagnosed with depression who were referred to the Yara treatment clinic in 2022, and 30 of them were selected by the available sampling method and randomly assigned to two intervention and control groups. To measure the variables of the study, the Beck Depression Inventory (1961) and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale by Gratz & Roemer (2004) were used. The participants of the intervention group received 12 sessions of 60 to 180 minutes, of intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy. The data was analyzed by the method of analysis of variance with repeated measurements in SPSS software version 24. Results: The results of the present study showed that the mean in the average scores of the components of emotion regulation difficulty in the pre-test-post-test and pre-test-follow-up stages is statistically significant (P<0.05), but the difference in the mean scores in the post-test- follow-up stages is not significant. P < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that short-term intensive dynamic psychotherapy leads to a reduction in the emotion regulation difficulty in patients with depression. The awareness of counselors, psychologists and other professionals about this treatment on emotion regulation processes and defense mechanisms in depressed patients can be helpful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Traffic accidents are a principal challenge in the injury and death of people in Iran and many other countries, which has made the formulation of necessary strategies and planning for inter-sectoral cooperation to prevent and reduce traffic accidents undeniable. Therefore, this research was conducted to investigate the dimensions of inter-sectoral collaboration in preventing traffic accidents in Iran. Methods: This research is a qualitative study that was conducted in 2023. In this study, sampling was done in a targeted manner, and 15 people from the statistical population were interviewed. The statistical population of the research at this stage included executive managers, traffic police, field activists, and public institutions active in the field of traffic accidents in Central Province and Tehran, who, due to the relevance of their job field, were informed or participated in intersectoral cooperation in line with the management of accidents and traffic accidents were included in the study. Data were collected and analyzed through structured interviews, and their coding was done with the help of MAXQDA 11 software. Results: The study identified and extracted eight main dimensions of intersectoral cooperation in preventing traffic accidents. These dimensions include laws and law enforcement, research and development, information and data management, internal and external coordination, crisis management, education and awareness, roads, and vehicles. Conclusions: Providing platforms for promoting the development and expansion of inter-sectoral cooperation in accident prevention and traffic accidents can have various benefits, including long-term social, political, economic and, well-being. Therefore, based on the findings of the research, it is suggested to design an intersectoral cooperation model for the prevention of accidents and traffic accidents so that traffic accidents can be reduced to the minimum possible with proper planning and design so that we can witness the highest level of effectiveness and efficiency in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The COVID-19 crisis exerts a marked impact on the quality of life of individuals experiencing grief. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of life quality improvement treatment and emotion-focused therapy on the cognitive flexibility and vitality of individuals affected by grief due to COVID-19. Material & Methods: This research employed a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with two experimental groups and one control group. In 2021, 30 individuals affected by grief were purposefully selected and randomly assigned to three groups: life quality improvement treatment, emotion-focused therapy, and the control group. Data were collected using the Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire. The first experimental group received emotion-focused therapy (Leslie Greenberg, 2012), while the second experimental group received life quality improvement treatment (Fresch, 2006). Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 27) using analysis of covariance. Results: The results demonstrated that both emotion-focused therapy and therapy based on improving quality of life had a positive effect on behavioral flexibility and social vitality, and the effectiveness of therapy based on improving quality of life on the vitality of bereaved people was more than emotion-focused therapy. Discussion & Conclusion: Considering the effectiveness of both treatments on the flexibility of action and the effectiveness of the treatment to improve the quality of life and vitality of people with grief, psychotherapists can benefit from both two treatments to improve the quality of life and vitality of people with the experience of grief to take. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Neural activation is associated with increasing energy requirements, and increasing peripheral Lactate (LA) concentration in response to severe exercise, enhances LA supply as an energy substrate to meet acute neurological needs. The acute speed and football exercises may affect cognitive function by increasing LA concentration and nervous activation. Increasing the neurocognitive performance of growing adolescent boy players an important role in their physical performance. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of speed and plyometric training activity on the concentrations of nerve proteins in blood circulation. Although speed interval and plyometric training in football players may lead to progressive fatigue and activate the central nervous system and subsequent cognitive disorders, it may also positively increase neurotrophines such as BDNF or IGF-1 and affect brain neutrophils and neurological function. According to this evidence, we assumed that BDNF, BNG and IGF-1 increase in response to a football training session, which may be associated with increasing neurological function of adolescents. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of an acute speed and plyometric football-based exercise on plasma concentrations of BDNF, BNG and IGF-1 neural proteins, which may play an important role in enhancing cognitive abilities. And the effect of speed and plyometric training activity on the concentrations of nerve proteins in blood circulation. Methods: The present study is a semi-experimental type with a pre-test and post-test design, which was conducted in two sessions, including an intervention and control session. After calling in Tehran's schools, 20 adolescents 14-15 years of age were selected and accessible as a sample, and randomly participated in 2 sessions of speed and plyometric exercises and control sessions. All subjects are familiar with how to perform speed exercises (RAST Test) during a familiarization period (two sessions). On the day of the main test, after 12 hours of fasting, the test was referred to the test site and the first blood sample (5 cc) was taken from the antiquiobital vein. After the standard breakfast of the subjects, we were wearing sportswear and after ten minutes of general warming up the speed training included six times a maximum of 35 meters with a 10-second recovery between each run. After the test was performed, the plyometric exercise was executed, including a pair jump and one -foot barriers, jump on barriers with 180 degrees rotation, zigzag jump and one foot forward, jump on obstacles with both legs and legs Single-tofoot jumping on the barriers of single -foot and throwing a medicine ball, on the sides, with 12 repetitions. The active rest between turn was considered two to three minutes (29). The subject's heart rate was performed during the controlled exercise (Polar heart rate monitor) and the exercise in the range of 80-90 % of the heart rate. The second blood sample was taken immediately after the training session was completed. All sampling steps for each subject were performed under the same conditions and the BDNF and NGF levels were measured through the USA-made Kit. The IGF-I levels were measured through the ELISA methods and IGF-I Kit. Cognitive neurological function was also measured through the Stroop test (ST) before and after the training session. In this study, the Polish paper version of ST was used. ST consisted of 71 words written with colored ink. The task of the participants was to name the font color regardless of the written word. For statistical analysis, the research data are first described using the mean and standard deviation, then the changes before and after all the variables of the two sessions were calculated and analyzed using the dependent stroop test. A significant level was considered to be P≤0.05 and SPSS 16 was used to perform statistical calculations. Results: The mean and standard deviation of the somatic specifications of the research subjects was as follow: Weight (59.7±3.2), Body mass index (21.4±1.3), Fat percentage (21.7±2.8), and Fat free mase (41.10±4.1) The results of the present study showed that BDNF data changes were significantly different in training and control session (t19=12/89, p<0/001). In the exercise session, the BDNF rate increased by approximately 2.5 times compared with control session. NGF data also showed significant differences in both sessions before and after acute speed and Plyometric training (t19=4.89, p<0/001). Regarding the plasma levels of IGF-1 also the results showed a quite significant difference in comparison of two sessions (t19 =2.89, p=0.019). The time of implementation of the stroop test at two sessions of training and control in the preceding and later times also showed significant differences that in the exercise session the test was significantly reduced than the control session (t19 =3.89, p=0/009). The test time in the exercise session decreased from 59.3s to 53.1s. There was no significant change in the control session at the time of stroop performance (58.6 s and 59.3 s). These findings show that acute speeds and plyometric exercise are useful for improving post exercise cognitive performance in adolescent. Skeletal muscle contraction during high-intensity exercise increases BDNF levels in the brain, and the speed and plyeometric exercise protocol is a more effective and preferred intervention to raise BDNF levels than traditional exercise mode, with moderate intensity. Acute speed and plyometric exercises increase human cognitive function. Improvement of cognitive function may be the synthesis or release of neurological proteins that are adjusted by high blood LA after exercise. Conclusion: In summary, the current findings suggest that acute plyometric and speed training enhances human cognitive performance. The improvement in cognitive performance may be from the synthesis or release of neuroprotective proteins modulated by high blood LA concentrations after exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of curcumin and ibuprofen on pain control, in terms of pain intensity and duration of analgesia after extraction of the third molar of the mandible in the maxillofacial surgery department of the University School of Dentistry Islamic Azad Medical Sciences in the academic year 1400-1399. Material and Methods: The study was performed as a double-blind randomized clinical trial on 48 patients who were candidates for mandibular third molar surgery. they should also write their pain intensity one hour after taking the second dose of the drug after seeing the first symptoms of pain based on the VAS scale and the duration of their analgesia from the time of taking the drug (which was one hour before surgery for all patients) to the first signs of pain appeared on a piece of paper. Data analysis was performed using Two sample T test power analysis of PASS software version 22. Results: The results of our study showed that the duration of analgesia after Curcumin use is shorter compared to Ibuprofen (P<0.001). This difference was also statistically significant. Also, after taking the second dose of the drug, patients treated with ibuprofen reported less pain intensity, although this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.39) Conclusion: Ibuprofen compared to Curcumin further reduces patients' pain and also has a longer duration of pain for patients after extraction of the third molar of the mandible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Considering the prevalence of marital conflict and emotional divorce among couples and the role these factors play in the incidence of divorce in society, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of group couples therapy based on the acceptance and commitment approach on marital conflict and emotional divorce. Aim: The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of group couple therapy based on the acceptance and commitment approach on marital conflict and emotional divorce. Method: The research design was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest type with a control group. The statistical population included all couples who had approached the counseling centers of the 2nd district of Tehran in 2020. twenty-four individuals (12 couples) were selected from the above community by an available sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental groups of 12 individuals (6 couples) and the control group. 12 individuals (6 pairs) were placed. The data collection instruments included questionnaires on marital conflict (Sanaei, 2000) and emotional divorce (Gottman, 2008). The experimental group participated in 8 sessions of 90-minute group couples therapy based on Hayes & Strosahl (2010) acceptance and commitment approach. SPSS version 22 software and the analysis of covariance method were used for data analysis. Results: The results showed that group couples therapy based on acceptance and commitment was effective (p=0.002 and, F: 12.228) for emotional divorce (P=0.004, & F: 10.185) and marital conflict (p 0.05.) <). Conclusion: Group therapy for couples based on acceptance and commitment can reduce conflict and emotional divorce by providing couples with a better understanding of marital conditions and the relationship. Therefore, it is recommended that this method be used to reduce marital conflict and emotional divorce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The family's emotional climate and resilience are among the protective factors against drug use by teenagers. Aim: The present study aimed to predict addiction susceptibility in male adolescents based on the family's emotional climate with the mediation of resilience. Methods: The research method was of the descriptive correlation type and the study's statistical population included all male students of public schools in Tehran in the first and second semesters of 2017-2018, from which 267 people were selected by multi-stage random sampling. The research tools included the Affective Family Climate Scale, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and the Addiction Susceptibility Questionnaire-Adolescents Version. The data of the present research were analyzed using the structural equation modeling method and Imus software. Results: The present study's results showed that the family's emotional climate (β=-0.468, P=0.001) and resilience (β=-0.246, P=0.001) predict addiction susceptibility in male adolescents negatively and meaningfully. The family's emotional climate predicts addiction susceptibility in male adolescents through the mediation of resilience (β=0.083, P=0.001). Conclusion: The results of the present study emphasize the importance of the role of the family, both in terms of creating a favorable emotional climate and in terms of playing a role, as a suitable model in the emergence of behavior. It is suggested that parents also protect their children from the influence of peers and the use of tobacco and drugs by providing a suitable emotional climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Divorce is not only an event but also a process that has short-term and long-term effects on children. Aim: The present study was conducted to compare executive functions, sensory processing and theory of mind in children from divorced families and ordinary children. Method: This is causal-comparative research. The statistical population included 180 male and female students between 9 and 12 years old in Districts 5 and 18 of Tehran in the academic year 2021-2022 selected by convenience sampling method and divided in two groups of children from divorced families and ordinary children (n=90 in each group). For data collection, Executive Function System (D-KEFS) (Delis, Kaplan, & Kramer, 2001), Sensory Profile (Dunn, 1999) and Theory of Mind (Hutchins et al., 2012) were used. The research data was analyzed by independent t-test and SPSS 24. Results: The results showed a significant difference in working memory (t=6.08, P<0.05), mental flexibility (t=5.12, P<0.05), inhibitory control (t=7.16, P<0.05), sensory register (t=6.72, P<0.05), sensation-seeking (t=4.65, P<0.05) and sensory sensitivity (t=7.36, P<0.05), and theory of mind levels including level 1 (t=7.12, P<0.05), level 2 (t=7.14, P<0.05), and level 3 (t=9.32, P<0.05). The mean of ordinary children was higher than that of children from divorced families, but no significant difference was observed in the mean of sensory avoiding in both groups (P˃0.05). Conclusion: The status of executive functions, sensory processing and theory of mind in normal children was better than that of children from divorced families. Therefore, the use of educational programs to strengthen cognitive dimensions of the mind of children from divorced families with emphasis on executive functions, sensory processing and theory of mind can be effective on improving their cognitive performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Inefficiency in the process of emotion regulation prevents the emergence of efficient behaviors and appropriate coping responses to the situation in marital relationships by the individual, which seems to be influenced by relational beliefs. Aim: The present study aimed to formulate a structural model of marital satisfaction based on relational beliefs with the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in married women. Methods: The current research was descriptive-correlation based on the method of structural equations and the statistical population of the present study consisted of all married women between the ages of 30 and 50 who were referred to counseling centers in Tehran in the first six months of 2022, among them 371 women were selected using the random clusters sampling method. The research tools included ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale, Relationship Belief Inventory, and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. For data analysis, Pearson's correlation method and structural equations were used with SPSS version 22 and AMOS version 24 software. Results: The results of the present study showed there is an indirect and significant relationship between relational beliefs and marital satisfaction with the mediation of positive emotional cognitive regulation (P=0.003, Z=-2.11). There is an indirect and significant relationship between relational beliefs and marital satisfaction with the mediation of negative emotional cognitive regulation (P=0.009, Z=-1.78). Conclusion: The results showed that marital satisfaction is predicted based on communication beliefs with the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in married women. It is suggested that couple therapists and family therapists pay attention to relational beliefs and cognitive emotion regulation strategies derived from them in counseling and couple therapy to increase marital satisfaction [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Identifying related and influencing factors on marital satisfaction is of particular necessity and importance. It seems that attachment styles and loneliness are among the factors affecting marital satisfaction. Aim: The present study aimed to determine the structural relationships between attachment styles and marital satisfaction with the mediation of loneliness. Methods: The research method was descriptive-correlational and the statistical population of this study included all women and men who were referred to family counseling centers in Ilam City in 2019 with complaints of marital problems of which 320 people were selected by convenience sampling method. To collect data Adult Attachment Questionnaire by Simpson (1990), ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale (1993) and The University of California Loneliness Scale (1996) were used. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS .24 and Amos. 24. Results: In the present study, the results showed that loneliness and marital satisfaction had a negative and significant relationship (β=-.258, P=.001). Avoidant attachment (β=-.189, P=.001) and anxious attachment (β=-.138, P=.001) and marital satisfaction had a negative and significant relationship. Loneliness in the relationship between secure attachment (β=.149, P=.001), anxiety (β=-.043, P=.048) and avoidance (β=-.140, P=.001) and marital satisfaction had a mediating role. Conclusion: The results showed that loneliness mediates the relationship between secure, anxious and avoidant attachment and marital satisfaction. Therefore, it is suggested that couples and family therapists, in counseling and couple therapy, to increase marital satisfaction, should also pay attention to people's attachment styles manifestations and feelings of loneliness caused by it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Marriage satisfaction is one of the main determinants of the quality of life of each person, and marital satisfaction can predict the stability and instability of a relationship. Aim: This research was conducted with the aim of developing a model of marital satisfaction based on marital expectations, emotional maturity and aspects of love by mediating marital conflicts in married women. Methods: The descriptive data collection method was correlational. The current study's statistical population was comprised of all married women who referred to the community centers of Tehran in 1401, and 550 by the available sampling method people were selected from among them. In this research, Enrich's (1998) marital satisfaction tools, Miller and Tedder's (2011) expectations from married life, Singh and Bhargava's (1991) emotional maturity, Barati, and Sanai Zaker's (1375) marital conflicts, and Sternberg's love triangle (1989) were used. Structural equation modeling method and SPSS and PLS software were used for data analysis. Results: The findings of the research showed that marital expectations and emotional maturity and dimensions of love had a significant effect on marital satisfaction directly and indirectly due to marital conflicts (P<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the research findings, marital satisfaction is influenced by marital expectations, emotional maturity, and aspects of lovemaking. It is suggested to researchers and therapists to examine marital expectations, emotional maturity and the dimensions of love and subsequent marital conflicts in preventing and planning treatment for couples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Depression is one of the most common psychological disorders that can affect a person’s mood and change his/her perception of the self and environment. Melilotus officinalis L. plant contains effective substances and antioxidant compounds. Objective The present study aims to investigate the antidepressant effects of alcoholic extract of Melilotus officinalis L. in male rats. Methods In this experimental research, 42 male rats were divided into six groups of 7 including control (normal saline), negative control (reserpine), positive control (reserpine+fluoxetine) and three reserpine groups treated by intraperitoneal injection of 100, 200, 400 mg/kg doses of alcoholic extract of Melilotus officinalis L. Behavioral tests including forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) were used to evaluate depression, and the antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde level were also measured. The data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 20 using one-way analysis of variance. The significance level was set at P<0.05. Results The 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg doses of alcoholic extract significantly reduced the duration of immobility in the FST compared to the negative control. In the TST, the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg showed a significant increase compared to the negative control. The doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly increased the antioxidant capacity of the brain compared to the negative control. The doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly reduced the antioxidant capacity of the brain compared to the negative control. Conclusion The alcoholic extract of Melilotus officinalis L has antidepressant effects similar to fluoxetine probably due to its antioxidant compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Herb shops are important for preparing medicinal plants. Improper packaging can lead to contamination of these plants by various types of microorganisms, fungi and yeasts. Objective This study aims to investigate the prevalence of microbial and fungal contamination in four plants from the Lamiaceae family in herb shops in Rasht, Iran. Methods In this study, 15 samples from mint, rosemary, and wild mint plants, and 16 samples from lemon balm were collected. The samples were diluted and incubated for one hour, then transferred onto Tryptic soy agar culture medium for bacterial enumeration. The sabouraud dextrose agar culture medium was used to count total mold and yeast, while McConkey Broth culture medium was used for specific identification of Escherichia coli. Data analysis was conducted in SPSS software, version 16. For comparing the bacterial and fungal contamination levels in the plant samples with the Pharmacopeial quality standard values, the non-parametric Wilcoxon signed rank test was used. Results Out of 61 plant samples, 59 (73.7%) were contaminated with bacteria, and 60 samples (86.6%) were contaminated with fungi. The number of samples contaminated with Escherichia coli was 27 (44.2%). The mean counts of bacteria and fungi in the plant samples were 3.39×105 and 6.3×105, respectively. Conclusion The microbial contamination in most of the plant samples examined in this study is significantly higher than the permissible limit. It is necessary for health authorities to implement stricter policies for monitoring the quality of natural products in herb shops of Rasht, Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are a group of conditions that cause dysfunction in the jaw joint, masticatory muscle pain and mouth opening limitations, and affects patients’ ability to eat, practice oral health, and perform other activities of daily living. The etiology of TMDs is not well-known. These disorders have a higher prevalence in women and younger people. Although the benefits of lowlevel laser therapy (LLLT) in treating TMD have been reported, the results vary from study to study. Objective The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of LLLT in the treatment of TMDs Methods In this narrative review study, a search was conducted in Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus databases for randomized clinical trials, case-control studies, and systematic reviews published from 1976 to 2023 using the keywords (Mesh terms) temporomandibular disorder, low-level laser therapy, LLLT, and myofascial pain. Results Of 271 found articles, only 8 were included in the study, of which 6 confirmed that the LLLT was effective in the treatment of TMDs. One article concluded that superluminous devices are more effective than LLLT and one article concluded that LLLT is not effective in treating TMDs. Conclusion The LLLT is effective in the treatment of TMDs and its related disorders, such as masticatory muscle disorder, temporal joint pain, and difficulty in jaw opening. The nuber of studies are limited and definite conclusions cannot be drawn. Therefore, further studies are needed in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Lupus is a chronic systemic disorder with a complex etiology, and viral infections have contributed to its development and progression. Human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) has been diagnosed in many patients with autoimmune disorders; however, its role in lupus has not been well investigated. The present study aimed to compare the frequency and viral load of HHV-8 in patients with lupus and healthy population. Material & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 70 patients with lupus and 70 healthy individuals who were matched for gender and age were included. After the extraction of viral DNA, the HHV-8 viral load was measured using the Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, and the results were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: Patients with lupus consisted of 59 females (84.3%) and 11 males (15.7%) with a mean age of 31.1±8.4 years, and the control group consisted of 58 females (82.9%) and 12 males (17.1%) with a mean age of 33.5±11.2 years, none of them were positive for HHV-8 genome. Discussion & Conclusion: To date, there is no report in this field from Iran, and this study is the first survey. Regarding the high accuracy of the Real-time PCR technique and lack of HHV-8 genome in the blood samples of Iranian patients with lupus, it seems that none of the individuals, even in the case of viral infection, were infected with the active form of HHV-8, which is compatible with the previous studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Autism is considered a neurodevelopmental disorder. Children with autism are known to have qualitative defects in communication and social interactions, as well as repetitive and limited behaviors. In addition, these children have deficits in joint attention. The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the joint attention training program on the neuropsychological abilities and mental flexibility of children with high-functioning autism aged 3 to 7 in Abadan City, Iran. Material & Methods: A semi-experimental design with pretest-posttest and a control group was conducted in 2021 for 30 children with high-functioning autism disorder in Fereshtagan and Noandish centers in Abadan, Iran. The sampling was performed in an accessible way and via the randomized balanced blocks method in the experimental and control groups. Moreover, the assignment and joint attention training program was implemented in the intervention group. The data were collected using the Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ, Ehlers and Gillberg, 1993), Continuous Performance Task (CPT, Connors, 2004), and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST, Grant and Berg, 1948). The obtained data were analyzed through the multivariate covariance test and at a significance level of 0.05 using the SPSS software. Results: In the intervention group, the mean (standard deviation) of neuropsychological abilities decreased from 7.82 (0.93) in the pre-test to 6.26 (0.84) in the post-test (P<0.001). In the intervention group, the mean (standard deviation) of cognitive flexibility decreased from 7.00 (1.00) in the pre-test to 6.22 (0.70) in the post-test (P<0.001). Discussion & Conclusion: Considering the effectiveness of the joint attention training program in improving neuropsychological abilities and mental flexibility, the implementation of this program is recommended for preschool counselors and psychologists to improve the conditions of children, especially those with high-functioning autism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The possible accidents for mountaineers and the importance of safety highlight the necessity of first aid training in the mountains. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the impact of face-to-face, virtual, and integrated first aid training on the knowledge, attitude, and skills of mountaineers. Material & Methods: The present quasi-experimental study was conducted on 93 mountaineers using the available sampling method and random allocation using permutation blocks of six in three groups of virtual, face-to-face, and integrated training. The intervention was carried out for four weeks. Face-to-face and integrated training groups attended in-person classes, while the virtual training group received the content through WhatsApp messenger during the same period. Participants completed the demographic characteristic form, as well as knowledge, attitude, and skill questionnaires before the intervention and three weeks after its completion, and the data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 22) using descriptive and inferential statistical tests (P<0.05). Results: The mean scores of knowledge, attitude, and skills in the three groups before and after the intervention had a significant difference and increased after the intervention (P<0.001). In the inter-group comparison, the face-to-face training group obtained higher scores in attitude (69.58±4.19) and skill (44.06±12.99) compared to the virtual and integrated education (P<0.000214). Discussion & Conclusion: There was a significant difference between the attitude, knowledge, and skill scores of mountaineers in all three groups of face-to-face, virtual, and integrated training before and after the intervention, and the mean scores increased. Nonetheless, the mean score of face-to-face training was higher than that of virtual and integrated training methods. It is suggested that face-to-face training be used to teach first aid to mountaineers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Dark personality traits include a range of socially aversive personality traits that are associated with risky behaviors and other mental health risk factors. However, it is not clear which specific risky behaviors are associated with each Personality trait (Machiavellianism, Narcissism, Psychopathy and Sadism) outlined in this conceptual framework. Aim: Examining the Relationship Between Dark Tetrad of Personality and Domain-Specific Risktaking Behavior Among Iranian Young People was the aim of this study. Method: The Research Design for this study is based on Descriptive Correlational Research method, A sample of 848 Young people was selected with the convenience sampling method from the Tehran using an online research platform. Domain-Specific Risk-Taking (DOSPERT) Scale and the Short Dark Tetrad (SD4) were used for data collection. The data were Analyzed by the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) and Stepwise regression using SPSS version 26. Results: The correlation matrix of the research variables demonstrated that all components of the Dark Tetrad of Personality (Machiavellianism, Narcissism, Psychopathy, and Sadism) are positively correlated with various domains of risk-taking (Social, Recreational, Gambling, Health/Safety, and Ethical). Among the four personality traits, Psychopathy and Sadism show the highest correlation, while Narcissism and Machiavellianism demonstrate a weaker correlation with risk-taking behaviors. Additionally, only Machiavellianism and Narcissism were linked to risky investments. Conclusion: In conclusion, for more accurate clinical decision-making concerning the relationship between Dark Personality traits and risky behaviors, it is essential to consider the specific and unique relationship between the traits and domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Cancer is one of the most important issues in the world which affects public health as an important problem. Cancer is the third cause of death in Iran with an annual occurrence of 51,000 new cases [1]. Previous studies demonstrated the considerable increasing trends in the mortality of gastrointestinal cancer in Iran, especially for Gastric cancer and colorectal cancer [2]. In general, incidence rates of these two cancers are high in Eastern Europe, Eastern Asia, and South America and the lowest rates are in North America, and most parts of Africa [3]. The most critical factors that increases the risk of gastrointestinal cancer are aging, inappropriate diet, biological factors, and infectious diseases which contribute to the cancer occurrence [4]. Colon cancer is studied to be one of the most critical digestive diseases and is the second leading cause of cancer deaths [5]. Gastric cancer is important cancer in the world and the prevalence of gastric cancer is raised with aging in both men and women [6]. Colon cancer is a disorder in which malignant cells form in the large intestinal tissues [7]. On the other hand, in gastric cancer the malignant cells form in the lining layer of the stomach caused it. The risk of gastric cancer is high in Iran, and unlike in Western countries it is not under the control, thus it is on a dramatically increasing trend in Iran [8]. Secondary metabolites and phenolic compounds of plants can play an important role in reducing the side effects of chemotherapy drugs and have some positive effects on cancer cells, as well as in the expression of apoptotic pathway genes [9]. Colutea persica was used in traditional medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent in gastrointestinal problems [10]. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effects of aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of Colutea persica on gastric cancer (AGS), colon cancer (HT-29), and normal fibroblast (SKM) cell lines. Methods: Fresh Colutea persica leaves were collected from the Delfard region of Kerman province in 1399. Dried leaves of Colutea persica were ground into a fine powder by the electronic grinder. At the next step, the ground powder was extracted using ethanol by the maceration. Then, it was placed on a shaker at room temperature. After that, the collective extracted was filtered using a filter membrane. The solvent extracted was evaporated in the rotary evaporator. Finally, to completely remove the solvent, the extract was placed in an oven, and the hydroalcoholic extract was maintained at -20 °C until use. In order to measure the total flavonoid content (TFC) of the extracts the aluminum chloride complex-forming assay was applied. In this method, quercetin was applied as the standard which flavonoid content was distinguished based on the quercetin equivalent. Briefly, Colutea persica extract was added to the aluminum chloride hexahydrate and mixed with potassium acetate and distilled water. After 30 minutes, the absorbance of the reaction was checked using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at 415 nm. The blank sample was made by replacing aluminum chloride with deionized water. Before measuring, all of the solutions were filtered by using Whatmann filter papers (number 41). Total flavonoid content in Colutea persica extract was measured using the standard calibration curve which is achieved from different concentrations of the standard reference. The total phenolic content (TPC) of organic crude extracts was calculated using the FolinCiocalteu reagent method. In this method, gallic acid was used as a reference standard (20-100 μg/mL) for plotting the calibration curve. 0.5 mL of the Colutea persica extract was added to 1.5 mL of Folin-Ciocalteu solution. Then, it was diluted (1:10) with deionized water and added to the sodium carbonate solution. The absorbance was recorded after one hour at 765 nm by using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Finally, the total phenolic content was calculated based on gallic acid equivalents (mgGAE/g). All the experiments were done in triplicate. Cytotoxic effects of 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 μg/ml concentrations of aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts were evaluated on the cells for 24 hours using MTT assay. The apoptosis induction was monitored using flowcytometry by annexin-V FITC/PI doublestaining. Cells were seeded and after 24 h they were incubated with a 1.25 mg/ml concentration of the extract and for each treated cell line, one control cell was considered. The annexin V/PI assay was performed to confirm the cytotoxic activity of the plant extracts against AGS and HT-29 cell lines. Total RNA was isolated from cells using RNX-plus TM Reagent before and after treatment. Total RNA was reverse transcribed to cDNA using M-MuLV-RT and random hexamers. The cDNA was assayed by real-time PCR using primers for BAX and BCL-2 genes. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, one way ANOVA, Tukey test at p ≤0.05... Results: The MTT assay revealed the cytotoxicity against both two cell lines (HT29 and AGS) in comparison to the HT29 and AGS normal cell line (SKM). The expression level of BAX gene increased and BCL2 gene decreased in AGS cell line after treatment by plant extract. (p<0.05). The total phenolic content was expressed in terms of milligram gallic acid equivalent per gram dry weight of plant extract. The total phenolic content of hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts of Colutea persica were 5.02±.05 and 5.85.±0.08 mgGAE/g respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, our findings show that Colutea. persica has anti-cancer effects in vitro against AGS and HT-29 cancer cell lines. Induction of apoptosis by using plant extract was achieved by down-regulation of BCL2 and up-regulation of BAX. Finally, the current study suggests that Colutea. persica may have cancer-fighting properties and could be a promising new candidate in this field. Besides, the molecular target of Colutea. persica and its mechanism are unknown, and the author intends to use animal models and bioinformatics methods to discover the active ingredients of Colutea. persica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim Fibromyalgia syndrome is a chronic disease that causes widespread musculoskeletal pain. It primarily affects women and negatively impacts many aspects of a person’s psychological and social life. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness and compassion therapy on automatic negative thoughts, psychological symptoms, pain intensity, and quality of life in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. Methods & Materials This research is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with two experimental and one control group. The statistical study population consisted of all individuals with fibromyalgia syndrome referred to Mehregan Pain Clinic in Mirdamad (District 3), Seyed Khandan Clinic (District 4), and Taleghani Hospital Pain Clinic (District 1) in Tehran City, Iran. Of them, 30 patients were randomly selected and divided into three groups of experimental 1, experimental 2, and control; each group will include 10 people. The instruments used in this study included the World Health Organization quality of life questionnaire (WHOQOL BREF), pain intensity questionnaire (PIS), psychological symptoms questionnaire (Anxiety, Stress and Depression [DASS]), and automatic negative thoughts (QNS). Ethical Considerations This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University (Code: IR.IAU.ARAK.REC.1400.005). Results The analysis of covariance showed the effectiveness of both cognitive therapies based on mindfulness and compassion therapy on four variables of pain intensity, psychological symptoms, automatic negative thoughts, and quality of life (P<0.05). Comparing the two intervention methods showed that both therapies had almost the same effect on pain intensity, psychological symptoms, and automatic negative thoughts (P<0.05) but the effectiveness of mindfulness intervention on the quality of life was significantly higher than compassion intervention (P<0.05). Conclusion The results indicate that cognitive therapy based on mindfulness and compassion therapy are suitable for people with fibromyalgia under appropriate treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs (17-25 nucleotides) that have been studied in many diseases. miRNAs studies in different cancers have shown that miRNAs may be considered oncogene or tumor suppressor. So far, many studies have shown that miR-17-5p and miR-93-5p are important regulatory molecules in some biological processes, such as cell proliferation, associated with cancer formation. This study aimed to investigate and compare the tissue and plasma expression levels of miR-17-5p and miR-93-5p in patients with ductal carcinoma breast cancer with the normal control group. Methods & Materials The total RNA (including miRNA) was extracted from breast and plasma tissue samples of cancerous and normal samples. The RNA concentration and purity were confirmed using optical absorbance measurements. cDNA was synthesized, and the expression levels of miR-17-5p and miR-93-5p were assessed semi-quantitatively by SYBR Green-based real-time RT-PCR assay in plasma and breast tissues of ductal carcinoma breast cancer compared with the control normal samples with SNORD47 as internal normalizer. Data were statistically evaluated using GraphPad Prism 8.0.2. Ethical Considerations This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the institute (IRAN 52d/4922, 6.10.2016). All study individuals signed a consent form to use their clinical samples and personal data under the physician’s supervision. Results The expression level of miR-17-5p showed significantly higher expression in tissues and plasma of the cancer group compared with the control group (P<0.0001). It was also significantly associated with tumor stage and lymph node, and ER (estrogen receptor) and PR (progesterone receptor) status (P<0.0001). While decreased expression of miR-93-5p in plasma and tumor tissues was shown to be significantly associated with tumor stage and lymph node involvement (P<0.0001). Conclusion The data revealed that high expression of miR-17-5p and low expression of miR-93-5p in both plasma and breast tumor might be associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. However, miR-17-5p, due to the greater change in expression and ease of plasma detection, may serve as a possible non-invasive biomarker for breast cancer’s poor prognosis. Further follow-up studies are required to confirm this finding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Domestic violence occurs in different ways in families. Parent abuse is a type of psychological, physical, or financial violence practiced by children against their parents. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of parent abuse in high school boy students during the coronavirus pandemic. Material & Methods: The research method was descriptive-cross-sectional. The statistical population was all mothers of high school boy students in Khuzestan, Iran, in the academic year 2020-2021, of which 676 were selected by multistage cluster sampling. In this study, the Parent Abuse Scale (boy version) and demographic inventory were used. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, and percentage) and t-test using SPSS software (version 22). Results: The findings of this study showed that the prevalence of physical abuse is 6.2%, emotional abuse 5%, financial abuse 11.4% and parental abuse in Corona epidemics is 4.1%. In addition, the findings of this study compared to the studies before the Corona outbreak showed that the prevalence of parental abuse of high school boy students in Khuzestan province was lower in the context of the coronavirus epidemic. Discussion & Conclusion: Despite the fact that the number of parental abusesin Iranian society is significant, the rate of parental abuse in high school boy students during the Coronavirus in Khuzestan showed no increase. It is suggested to investigate strategies that have created and maintained positive interactions in the family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Mothers are more responsible for raising their children, and they are usually the main caregivers of disabled children. The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of behavioral activation therapy on social avoidance in mothers of children with cerebral palsy. Material & Methods: This study with a quasi-experimental research design had a pretest, post-test, and a control group. The research sample consisted of 40 mothers referred to Occupational Therapy Centers in Ilam, Iran, in 2021. Then, they were randomly assigned into an experimental group (n=20) and a control group (n=20). The experimental group received behavioral activation group therapy based on the protocol provided by Kanter, Bush, and Rush during eight 90-minute sessions in one group session per week[S1]. Information was collected using a social phobia questionnaire (SPI) by Connor et al. (2000) in two stages of pre- and post-interventions. Covariance analysis and SPSS software (version 27) were used for data analysis. Results:Based on the obtained results, at the end of the treatment, the social avoidance scores of the intervention group were significantly reduced compared to the control group (P<0.05). Discussion & Conclusion: The study showed that behavioral activation therapy has a favorable effect on reducing the severity of symptoms of social avoidance disorder in mothers of children with cerebral palsy. Therefore, this treatment is suggested as a complementary treatment along with drug treatments to improve psychological symptoms in these people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: One of the problems of the elderly is a decrease in balance and quality of life of senior citizens. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the effect of fatigue on balance, motor function, lower limb strength, and quality of life of the two groups of elderly people at home and in a nursing home. Material & Methods: The present study was conducted based on a prospective quasiexperimental design. For this purpose, 35 elderly women at home and 35 elderly women in nursing homes in Miyaneh were selected via available sampling. To carry out the fatigue protocol, the subjects performed sitting and standing movements with their hands on their chests. Subjects were administered the relevant tests under normal conditions and without fatigue. In the second session, which was held 48 hours later, the subjects performed the fatigue protocol and then performed balance, motor function (TUG), and lower limb strength tests (number of takeoff and landing chairs). The quality of life in both groups was assessed using the Leipad Elderly Quality of Life questionnaire. Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 24) using independent and dependent t-tests. Results: The results demonstrated a significant difference (P=0.001) between the two groups of elderly women in nursing homes and those living at home in terms of motor function, strength, and quality of life. Nonetheless, there was no significant difference (P=0.127) in the balance of the two elderly groups. Discussion & Conclusion: As evidenced by the results of this study, the quality of life of the elderly in nursing homes was lower than that of the elderly at home, and fatigue can exert a more marked effect on the motor function and strength of these people. Therefore, it is recommended to prioritize the design of exercise interventions with the approach of increasing the fatigue threshold to improve the parameters related to the quality of life of the elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Urinary control disorder is one of the most common disorders in children, which has important psychological consequences such as reducing selfconfidence, anxiety, etc. This research was conducted with the aim of evaluating aggression in children with daily urinary disorders. Material & Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 200 children aged 5 to 12 years in two groups (50 girls and 50 boys) and control (50 girls and 50 boys) who referred to the pediatric clinic of Amirkabir Arak Hospital in 1401 and with random sampling. Easy randomization and using Shahim's aggression questionnaire, the level of aggression was measured in two groups of cases and controls, and the data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 software. Results: In this study, 200 children, including 100 in the case group and 100 in the control group, with an average age of 7.17 years (±2.17) participated. No significant relationship was found between the two groups in terms of parents' education, place of residence, socio-economic status, number of children in the family, and history of mental illnesses in the parents. (P>0.05). The mean total score of aggression in the case group (±8.18) was 34.41 and in the control group (±5.17) it was 27.80. The total score of aggression and the mean score of reactive-overactive aggression and Physical aggression and relational aggression were significantly higher in the case group than in the control group (P<0.05). Discussion & Conclusion: In this study, children with daily urinary disorders were more aggressive than non-diseased children. Therefore, screening children with urinary disorders and, if necessary, psychiatric interventions such as teaching anger management methods are very important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Psychological well-being is of paramount imporance for cancer patients and is affected by various factors, such as personality traits. The present study aimed to predict psychological well-being based on resilience and personality type D in cancer patients. Material & Methods: The current research was conducted based ona descriptivecorrelatioal design. The statistical population of this research was made up of all cancer patients who were members of Maxa in Isfahan in 2021. The research sample included 220 cancer patients who were selected via aailable sampling. The data collection tools were demographic characteristics questionaire, psychological well-being questionnaire by Riff (1995), personality type D by Denault (2005), and resilience by Connor and Davidson (2003). The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 24). Descriptive statistics included mean, standard deviation, and percentage, while inferential statistics including Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. The significance level was considered to be 0.05. Results: The correlation matrix illustrated that psychological well-being had a significant positive correlation with the total score of resilience (r= 0.701; P=0.001) and a significant negative correlation with personality type D (r= -0.517; P=0.001). Moreover, according to the results of multiple regression analysis, 38% of the variance of psychological well-being can be predicted based on resilience and personality type D variables (P=0.001). Resilience with beta 0.38 (P=0/001; T=0.639) positively and significantly and personality type D with beta -0.25 (P=0/001; T=-1.607) can negatively and significantly predict the psychological well-being of cancer patients. Discussion & Conclusion: Resilience and personality type D can predict the psychological well-being of cancer patients; Therefore, the psychological well-being of cancer patients can be affected by carrying out interventions related to resilience and D personality type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Exercise training and vegetarian diets have been accepted as suitable and non-pharmacological methods for improving lifestyle and mitigating obesity, and related metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effect of aerobic training and vegetarian diet on lipid profile of adults. Material & Methods: A comprehensive search of English and Persian articles was conducted on databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SID, Magiran, and Google Scholar, up to February 2023. Meta-analyses were conducted to compare the effects of aerobic exercise and vegetarian diet on body weight, as well as lipid profile parameters (low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, triglyceride and total cholesterol). Standardized mean differences (SMD), weighted mean differences (WMD), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random effect model. Additionally, the I2 test was assessed the heterogeneity, and Funnel plots and Egger tests at a (significance level: 0.1) were employed to identify publication bias. Results: The meta-analysis, comprising 36 studies with 10,795 adults, showed that aerobic exercise and vegetarian diet significantly decreased body weight [WMD=-4.5, (CI: -5.68 to -3.31), p=0.001], low-density lipoprotein [SMD=-0.35, (CI: -0.44 to - 0.26), p=0.001], high-density lipoprotein [SMD=-0.16, (CI: -0.29 to -0.03), p=0.01], triglyceride [SMD=-0.11, (CI: -0.17 to -0.05), p=0.001], and total cholesterol [SMD=- 0.44, (CI: -0.57 to -0.32), p=0.001]. Data analysis utilized Comperhensive Metaanalysis software version 2. Discussion & Conclusion: The findings of the present meta-analysis showed the important role of exercise and vegetarian diet in improving lipid profiles. Therefore, aerobic exercise and vegetarian diet are recommended as non-pharmacogloical strategies for reducing body weight and improving lipid profiles in adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]