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The question of the subject of feminism continues to be central in contemporary feminist thought. In this article I discuss at length the philosophical arguments behind the position against transgender feminism, specifically those of Spanish enlightened feminism, which have had some impact in Latin American countries such as Mexico. I consider that this debate does not only concern women because it puts at stake the possibilities of emancipation in a moment of deep crisis. Moreover, the type of subject presupposed by this position contributes to a notion of the human that, in my opinion, must be deeply questioned. I argue that differences are not a limit for feminist politics, but the basis of a new pact for life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study I will present some important sides of my investigations about traditional medicine, including health/sickness/attention/prevention operating in Mexican indigenous people. The first process refers to evidence’s need about our theoretical and ideological presupposes referring to investigation’s process, the second propose to include life’s conditions as a context and explanation about present problems, the third one tries to think traditional medicine as a change problem, sometimes as a radical one, the forth one tries propose searching need to look for not only differences worldview to daily life to refer them to reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I propose a way of understanding the relationship between academic practice and intersectionality in Latin American postcoloniality. Firstly, I show how the link between intersectionality and modern/colonial issues framed the debates on “differences between women” in Latin America. Secondly, I define intersectionality as an epistemological perspective supported by a research practice that seeks to interrupt the effects of coloniality, whose tasks can include: the interruption of the subject/object binary and the practice of listening that reveals the hierarchies between differences, debunks the myths of subaltern voices and provides a language for the co-writing of files that disrupt what is narrated as violence against women. Third, I conclude with a summary of what has been written about the category of intersectionality and I raise questions about shared and different aspects of a feminist project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the United States, in relation to Class Actions, there is more insecurity and instability in terms of legislation than in Brazil. First, in Brazil most collective actions have constitutional dignity (Public Civil Action is the best example, Brazilian of Federal Constitution, article 129, III), so that here the process of amending the Constitution is very rigid and complex. In the United States, member states are autonomous and can regulate, each in its own way, on Class Actions. However, most States, in practice, adopt the discipline provided for in Rule 23 of the Federal Code of Civil Procedure of the United States. In addition, the US Supreme Court has power, transferred by the US Congress in 1934, to legislate on procedural matters, including evidence. In Brazil, the Judiciary does not have the competence to create rules on procedural law. The competence to legislate on procedural law is exclusive to the Legislative of the Union (article 22, I, of the Brazilian Federal Constitution). The Courts in Brazil have competence only to create their internal regulations, but they do not have it to legislate on procedural law or on evidence. Currently, however, Brazilian Courts have enormous power to create mandatory precedents, especially with the advent in 2015 of Civil Procedure Code (article 927). In Brazil, the member States cannot legislate on procedural law, except on specific rules of procedure or if there is express authorization from the Union via Complementary Statute (articles. 22, sole paragraph, 24, XI, of Brazilian Constitution). However, there are many common risks in the United States and Brazil, in view of the strong movements exerted by economic and political powers against collective actions in Brazil and Class Actions in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article the aim is to problematize research practices in the field of organizational studies on cities, especially regarding the application of qualitative and comparative methods, which imply understanding, translation and analysis of information in different languages. The data examined refers to three investigations carried out in the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte, in Brazil, in Madrid and in the Basque Country, in the Spanish territory. The theoretical and methodological path suggests that the asymmetries between researchers and the researched demand ethical reflections on what, for what, and why investigations are made that bring so little return to non-researchers. Regardless of whether the research is done in Europe or South America, the data point to translation as an important element of research because it implies recognizing differences between distinct agents, suggesting humanizing methodologies not only to de-instrumentalize research, but to recognize the humanity of those involved in the investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference in morphological characteristics and motor abilities of the first and second league female volleyball players. The sample comprised of 20 players of the first and 20 players of the second league. Only those female volleyball players who completed the whole measurement program were included in the sample. Subjects underwent measurement of morphological characteristics (7 variables) and motor abilities (8 variables). Statistically significant differences were determined with t-test for independent samples. The results of the research show that there are no statistically significant differences in morphological characteristics and motor abilities of the first and second league female volleyball players. The difference was found only in the variable for assessing balance in favor of first league female volleyball players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anatomic variations in hip joint are one of the risk factors for the occurrence of osteoarthritis of that part of locomotor system. Due to different age structure and a special way of conducting physical activity in the army, it is justified to presume the presence of even other risk factors which relate to the aging process, carrying of oversize weight and performing higher amplitudes of movement under load. The objective of the study related to determining the existence of eventual anatomic variations in the hip joint in soldiers of different age. This cross-sectional study covers 240 soldiers of Montenegro Army, divided into 8 age groups. Gathered data for morphological measures hip width and hip circumference were processed using the basic statistics, multivariate and univariate of variance and Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference test-HSD. The differences were considered statistically significant for p£0.05. It was determined that for both morphological measures there are differences between soldiers of certain age. This is confirmed also by drastic deviations between certain age groups obtained for the defined level of statistical significance. The most pronounced is the detection of the annual increase of hip width of soldiers which is higher for 0.38 mm compared to general population. Based on the obtained results the existence of anatomic variations in soldiers' hip joints is stated. The confirmed anatomic changes in conjunction with other risk factors may lead to hip osteoarthritis, i.e to soldiers' health condition impairment. It is necessary to conduct longitudinal studies on the same examinees with precise diagnostics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social entrepreneurship is the combination of innovation, genius and opportunity to address social challenges. This research determined the level of social entrepreneurship possessed by university students, and the significant differences that exist between social entrepreneurship according to their demographics and gender. This study was developed under a quantitative methodological perspective with a non-experimental design, basic type and with a comparative descriptive descriptive scope. It considered 648 participants who were chosen through a probabilistic sample by cluster, to whom the instrument for the assessment of social entrepreneurship competence in the university context was proposed, which has 28 items, grouped into 5 dimensions. The results showed that Peruvian university students do not have sufficient competencies to carry out social entrepreneurship; however, female students are more willing to undertake social entrepreneurship than male students; in addition, students from the Coastal region have a higher perception to initiate social entrepreneurship and students from the Highlands have a lower perception; on the contrary, students from the Jungle have a similar perception to those from the Coast and the Highlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Los estudiantes con altas capacidades, aquellos que presentan una mayor probabilidad de lograr metas extraordinarias en uno o más dominios, generalmente difieren del alumnado general en algunas de las dimensiones del autoconcepto, o la percepción que tiene una persona de sí misma. Sin embargo, la investigación actual sobre altas capacidades ha evolucionado introduciendo nuevos posibles moderadores en estas diferencias por lo que se hace necesaria una actualización sobre el tema. El objetivo del presente metaanálisis (referencia: CRD42018094723) fue sintetizar los estudios desde 2005 sobre las diferencias en el autoconcepto entre estudiantes con altas capacidades y alumnado general. Los resultados mostraron que los alumnos con altas capacidades presentan niveles superiores de autoconcepto global y académico, especialmente el matemático. Sin embargo, no se hallaron diferencias en autoconceptos conductual y emocional, y hubo puntuaciones levemente más bajas en autoconcepto social. En el autoconcepto físico, estos estudiantes puntúan notablemente más bajo que el alumnado general. Las diferencias en esta subdimensión están moderadas por los procedimientos de identificación, la procedencia y la edad, por lo que se sugieren que los estereotipos sociales acerca de las altas capacidades, así como los hábitos de actividad física podrían estar detrás de las dichas diferencias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the biological differences between the Creole rabbit and the European domestic rabbit, as well as their consumption and commercial exploitation. Significant differences were found in the morphological, physiological, genetic, and behavioral characteristics of both genders. The consumption of rabbit meat depends on its availability in the market. Additionally, the importance of rabbit farming in other countries and the gastronomic tradition associated with rabbit consumption are mentioned. It is concluded that reproduction between the Sylvilagus and Oryctolagus species is incompatible due to their genetic differences. [Extracted from the article]

This article aims to present possibilities for dialogue between diversity management and queer theory, in order to critically question reductionisms about the former and propose how the latter can contribute to the potential for inclusion of people management practices in organizations. The approximation becomes relevant as an alternative to reflect on the polysemic character of diversity, expanding the possibilities of discussion about human multiplicity, representativeness, recognition, opportunities and the notion of inclusion in organizations, beyond the functionalist and mercantile perspective for which diversity management is often criticized. Finally, this essay shows that queer theory presents itself as a robust theoretical field that can expand the ability to recognize the productions and reproductions of inequalities, expanding the possibilities of diversity management practices in the fight against forms of oppression, prejudice and zones of privilege in organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the consideration that the human being is a sign among other signs and a relational being, the following pages offer an approach to the existing connections between edusemiotics (especially in its ethical dimension) and the conceptions around the differences and human vulnerability. Based on Peirce's semiotics and the edusemiotic proposal by Semetsky, it comtemplates the principles Nodding's ethics of care as well as sociocultural and hermenetical perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this research study is to assess digital competence among managers at the decentralized autonomous government in Ecuador in regards to knowledge and use of basic management digital tools according to gender and attitudes towards ICT (Information and communications technology). The methodology applied is quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive, and inferential. A digital questionnaire is used to survey 85 managers. The results show non-significant differences in digital skills and knowledge between genders. There is a positive attitude towards ICT in both men and women. Men are valued better than women in knowledge, management, and attitude. It is concluded that differences between genders are not significant and there is evidence of female progress in reducing gender gaps with males. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the transformative possibilities of feminism at a time when it is expanding in an unprecedented way, which has given rise to new dilemmas: Where are we going? Who are our travel companions? Is there room for all positions in this upheaval? Is it possible to set limits? Who will be responsible for these questions? Is there just one subject or many? The hypothesis is that feminism today is reconstructing a new "we" that will address the philosophical-political problem of how to consider differences without reducing them to a new unity, while making it possible to express concrete, open universals by reformulating their classical understanding as empty shapes. This "us" is capable of virtuously recombining differences, radical equality, and the challenge of the ordinary, and raises one of the most difficult questions of our time: How can we live together and based on other ethical-political criteria within a framework of intensification of violence, vulnerability, and disaffection, and at a time when the old forms of political action are in crisis? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intensive alcohol consumption, the decrease in the starting ages, the rise in cannabis use, or the high rates of consumption in women, are some of the new findings in the study of addictions. At the same time, different studies show a higher consumption of substances in adolescents diagnosed with ADHD. However, there are still few studies that have analysed the consumption habits and the possible consumption risk in adolescents with ADHD in their socio-educational context. The sample used in the present work consists of 3339 adolescents between 12 and 18 years old (222 with ADHD) belonging to 12 schools. It was found that girls with ADHD show significantly higher rates of alcohol consumption (70% vs. 50.1%), tobacco (54.3% vs. 28%) and cannabis (28.6% vs. 13.9%), also obtaining alarming differences in the consumption risk and in the onset ages for different substances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, in the academic and scientific world, as well as in the business world, conceptualizations of marketing terms are often confused. For example, sensory marketing is subject to confusion with other variables, altering its definition, knowledge and understanding. Therefore, in order to unify criteria, we must ask ourselves what is the conceptual and theoretical difference between sensory marketing, neuromarketing and experiential marketing? This article aims to highlight the theory and conceptualization of sensory marketing and to clarify the differences with other variables. It concludes that sensory marketing is a combination of neurological sensors that reinforce the sensations of consumers, motivating their experience by emotion and not by reason. That is why, opening a wide field of study of sensory marketing, researchers are invited to increase the study with a wider empirical approach, in new fields of knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proposals for teacher training today are not reaching educational objectives and their results are questioned when evaluating the praxis undertaken by teachers in everyday higher education. These issues have caused concerns among teachers. At this point, the construction of this collaborative critical action research project called the Teaching Teaching Methodology in the Context of Higher Education arose, in which it investigates a solution for the improvement of teaching in this context. The research is developed from the “classroom floor” in a process of self-investigation, the teacher studies his own work, having the mediation of the researcher teacher. Both work in collaborative critical actions. The methodological design of this research is qualitative in nature and studied the classroom floor in the context of higher education, involving the teacher's teaching methodology. In this article, we will exemplify a part of the research, carried out with one of the research professors in the area, in this case, the exact area, with Calculus and Algebra discipline, involving two classes with high failure rates. At the end of the study, the following analyzes were reached: that teachers in the context of higher education mostly focus their work in the content domain by content without context with the academic training area; that the forms that place this content in the classroom environment and the choice of teaching methodology do not match positive results in academic learning; that teachers forget the differences and individual potential of academics, work in a homogeneous way, disregarding the heterogeneous context of this environment; that when oriented to work in a different way, applying active methodologies, creating possibilities to respect the existing differences in the class, the results appear. Thus, the results and discussions in this article led us to the reflection that the teaching methodology of the teacher in an inclusive perspective and with active teaching methodologies, makes a difference. Thus, it is urgent to bring about changes in the context of the classroom floor in higher education, from an exclusive to an inclusive model. This inclusive methodological path requires “different ways” of carrying out the pedagogical process, involving the ethical, aesthetic and didactic prisms of taking classes. Building new possibilities for the classroom floor in the context of higher education requires a change in the pedagogical paradigm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the triad educational policies, teacher training and pedagogical practices as elements inscribed within the limits of social policies that intertwine directly in the construction of inclusive education. It also considers the implications of this process in school life, particularly in childhood education, revealing elements from the perspective of human differences, thus contributing to a more in-depth and analytical interpretation of the issue. Among the principles that support the methodological framework, we rigorously discuss the care-educate relationship as a factor for promoting integrated social policies. Moreover, it is imperative to conceive of inclusion as a policy to guarantee the right to education for all and, therefore, a duty of the State and the respective education systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New technologies and Globalization have encouraged the exponential growth of data; consequently, in the face of lack of regulation and control, countless leaks and security errors have occurred. In response to this problem, great powers have been continuously searching for a solution, Europe having reacted in a much more determined and severe way with the GDPR (EU General Data Protection Regulation) than its counterpart, the United States of America. From their rules to their ideas, the differences between the two are insurmountable: while in Europe there is a conception of paternalistic data protection and where the maxim 'citizens are owners of their own data' is predominant; in the USA the exact opposite happens. This paper studies the paradoxes that arise between both systems, demanding a possible solution to the problems contemplated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to examine seasonal variations in body composition in adolescent soccer players. A total of 64 young male soccer players (aged 14-18 years) were recruited for this research. Body composition was assessed using the Bioelectric impedance analysis. The variables were body mass, body fat, muscle mass, fat free mass, total body water, BMI, body fat %, basic metabolic rate. Body mass did not change across the three measurement occasions. Body fat mass and body fat % significantly changed between test intervals (p£0.05). There were no significant differences in other variables between measurements performed during the season. In conclusion, body fat has changed significantly from the start of the season to the end of the competitive period in adolescent soccer players, in accordance with earlier studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to review the category of sexual difference in the psychoanalytic theory, considering the critique to psychoanalysis made by feminist and queer theories, and the changes in the field of sexuality, which mark the actuality. Therefore, we explore new theoretical approaches by contemporary authors in order to value the differences: supplementary enjoyment (J. Sáez e F. Fajnwaks), threshold logic (J. Gondar), sexes' neighborhood (S. Prokhoris) and femininity (J. Birman e M. Arán). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scientific literature has found dissenting results upon analyzing gender-based differences in bullying - and especially in cyberbullying. This study undertook to analyze these differences between sexes in a sample of the last cycle of primary education in the Basque Country. The "Cyberbullying: Screening of peer harassment" test was administered to 1993 participants (average age = 10.68) - 50.2% boys and 48.8% girls. As for bullying the results show a similar percentage of pure-victims, pure-bullies and bystanders in both sexes; only a higher percentage of victim-aggressive children was confirmed. Upon analyzing the behaviors suffered and perpetrated, it was found that a significantly higher percentage of children participated as victims, aggressors and bystanders of physical, verbal and psychological aggressions. The average score of behavior suffered, perpetrated and observed was also significantly higher in boys. Percentages in cyberbullying in both sexes were similar in all the roles. However, upon analyzing said behaviors, it was found that a greater percentage of children are victims of assaults (recording said assaults and uploading them to the Internet), and that they receive anonymous calls to scare them, whilst a greater percentage of girls observe behaviors of sexual harassment. Finally, the average cybervictimization score was significantly higher in children. This study provides information on a problem of public interest, and underscores the importance of creating intervention programs for children of these ages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Empirical evidence of differences in positive mental health with respect to sex, are sparse, even controversial. The objective here is to analyze positive mental health between men and women. The sample is made up of 533 participants from Toluca, State of Mexico. All were upper-level students, males (44.4%) and females (55.6%), between 14 and 20 years old. The Positive Mental Health Questionaire (PMHQ) was applied (Lluch, 1999). The results showed that 38.3% of the sample is at a high level and 16.1% at a very high level of positive mental health. From the descriptive analysis the personal satisfaction dimension scored above the theoretical average. The hypothesis is partially confirmed, since significant differences were obtained in four of the six dimensions, in personal satisfaction, prosocial attitude and ability for interpersonal relationships, with higher scores for females and self-control in the male group. We suggest that the analysis of positive mental health be continued. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to review the category of sexual dfference in the psychoanalytic theory, considering the critique to psychoanalysis made by feminist and queer theories, and the changes in the field of sexuality, which mark the actuality. Therefore, we explore new theoretical approaches by contemporary authors in order to value the differences: supplementary enjoyment (J. Sáez e F. Fajnwaks), threshold logic (J. Gondar), sexes' neighborhood (S. Prokhoris) and femininity (J. Birman e M. Arán). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much has been debated about the influence of Roman law on Aragonese civil law, to the point of affirming that the latter was not part of the Roman family of law, because it was closer to Germanic law. However, and even holding that there are differences between the two legal systems, we can verify that the relationships and affinities are more intense than it might seem at first. In this sense, the role of the late medieval jurists advising the Justice of Aragon would be decisive and their work would be reflected in the Observances of the Kingdom of Aragon, a legal instrument through which Roman law penetrated Aragonese law, despite standing traditionally the latter in an emblem of anti-Romanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance and influence of water on our lives and planet is significant. This project holds an investigation related to the knowledge on the topic of the water cycle in the secondary cycle of Primary Education. The study was carried out by a questionnaire about rainfall in two primary schools, which covers all the basic and fundamental concepts of rainfall and the water cycle, helped with pictures that facilitate the comprehension. After collecting all the data, it can be said that the knowledge in the subject is high, but incomplete, and sometimes, incorrect. Accordingly, this study suggests that an educational effort is necessary to improve the results in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The agricultural sectors and the populations of Cuyo and central Chile have an increasing interest in knowing the availability of the hidric resource that makes possible the activities in their respective cultivated spaces. It depends on the amount of snow precipitated in the river basins with high mountain snow regimes, located in the surroundings of the Arid Andes; Presenting great interannual and seasonal variability. The large scale factors generate such variabilities that are manifested as slow changes leading to high frequency, associated with precipitation in the region. Most of them are consistent with the ENSO phases and in particular with the SST (Sea Surface Temperatures) in the Niño 3 + 4 area, followed by the ASPSO (Subtropical Anticyclonic East South Pacific), the PDO (Pacific Decadal Oscillation) and others. In that context, these regions suffered the consequences of a drought from 2010 with deficient hidric seasons including 2014. The 2015 caused the interruption of the same due to very favorable edge conditions. However the 2016 in spite of that by its amount snowfall the cut that made the 2015, had edge conditions very dissimiles to the previous one. The purpose of this paper is to describe statistically and dynamically the three snow seasons mentioned, in order to discriminate the factors and agents that produced the corresponding hidric resource, and in this way to elucidate apparent contradictions between the respective hemispheric border conditions and the runoff of the Rivers that depend on them. In addition, to identify other factors not taken into account in previous theoretical analyzes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes refinements of the Narrative Solutions approach to individual and family therapy we first presented in Family Process 22 years ago. The centerpiece of this integrative (narrative-strategic) model is 'preferred view of self,' or the constellation of qualities people would like to see in themselves and have others see in them. We assume that problems generally involve one or more people mismanaging discrepancies or 'gaps' between preferred views of self and either their actual behavior or how they see others seeing them and their behavior. Because clients are motivated to resolve such discrepancies, we use specifiable conversational strategies to help people (a) be clear about their preferred view of self, (b) notice gaps or discrepancies, and (c) summon resources to manage these gaps more effectively. Positive clinical effects of these strategic conversations can be rapid and dramatic. Case examples highlight applications to child and family problems, and we discuss some challenges and future directions for the Narrative Solutions approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article of reflection shown below is an analysis of how inclusion schemes change from a positive perspective from the peace studies and planning coexistence, considering elements of relevance as the conceptualization of discrimination, learned disabilities, public policies that attempt to include from the exclusion and the role of planning in the harmonic coexistence inclusion not only in school settings but socially, as an alternative that promotes respect for differences and consider redesigning programs rather than promote inclusion, wear combating discrimination and exclusion, resulting in more emerging preventive and educational actions. It is considering the need for listing proposals from a new paradigm that considers differences as elements that enrich the school environment and allow peaceful coexistence through diversity, which it is directly linked to that observed in the planning of coexistence that is taking place in schools in School Education of the State of Mexico inclusive education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article of reflection shown below is an analysis of how inclusion schemes change from a positive perspective from the peace studies and planning coexistence, considering elements of relevance as the conceptualization of discrimination, learned disabilities, public policies that attempt to include from the exclusion and the role of planning in the harmonic coexistence inclusion not only in school settings but socially, as an alternative that promotes respect for differences and consider redesigning programs rather than promote inclusion, wear combating discrimination and exclusion, resulting in more emerging preventive and educational actions. It is considering the need for listing proposals from a new paradigm that considers differences as elements that enrich the school environment and allow peaceful coexistence through diversity, which it is directly linked to that observed in the planning of coexistence that is taking place in schools in School Education of the State of Mexico inclusive education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article, after a brief reference to the new criminal protection regime of creditors' claims rights, addresses the punitive treatment given to unauthorized use of properties seized by the State, using for that a comparative study with related crimes already punished within the Penal Code, specifically embezzlement and some types of assets' concealment and thefts. Finally it also values the opportuneness of this new crime introduced ex novo by LO 1/2015. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author refers to the death drive in the institutions as a permanent effort for the expropriation of subjectivity. The existence of the law does not impliy universal respect, it only marks what is necessary to say in order to give a chance to human condition. This contribution had a dual focus. First, it aimed to analyze some concepts developed by Freud in his 1915 writings, among them, the role played by reality, the Unconscious, memory, and the transference. In the second place, it discussed some notions used by the co-presenter so as to shed light on the differences between both approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are different standards focused on project management. Examples of these standards are the PMBOK Guide and PRINCE2 method. In this paper it is made a comparative analysis of the PMBOK Guide in relation to PRINCE2 structured method, based on the assessment of different literature sources. During the course of the investigation different theoretical elements of both PMBOK and PRINCE2 were analyzed, such as the origin, evolution, structure and application, allowing the identification of similarities and differences between them. The result of this research reveals that these standards are not considered mutually exclusive and that can coexist on the same project. PRINCE2 determines what, how, when and by whom the activities will be implemented using a common language easily assimilated and PMBOK is an international reference guide that incorporates a wide range of knowledge about project management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to determine biochemical profile of youth national soccer teams and to compare the values of nine biochemical parameters between three Serbian youth national teams (under 14, 15 and 16 years old), as well as between soccer players and non-athletes. Eighty young soccer players and thirty non-athletes participated in the study. Nine biochemical parameters (glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, creatinine, total bilirubin, AST (SGOT), ALT (SGPT), iron) were measured. In order to determine the significance of differences between the groups on a multivariate level a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was administered, and to test the differences between the groups on an univariate level a univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied. Statistically significant differences were found between groups (soccer players up to 14, 15 and 16 years of age) on a multivariate level of the applied biochemical variables (MANOVA, p= 0.00). ANOVA also revealed significant differences in Creatinine (p= 0.00), Total bilirubin (p= 0.00) and ALT (SGPT) (p= 0.02). Statistically significant differences in the applied variables were found between soccer players and non-athletes on a multivariate level (MANOVA p= 0.00). ANOVA also revealed significant differences in Glucose, Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Creatinine, Total bilirubin, ALT (SGPT) and Iron (p= 0.00) between soccer players and non-athletes, but there were no statistically significant differences in other variables (AST (SGOT) and Urea). It was concluded that there is significant difference in almost all variables (glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, etc.), except AST (SGOT) and Urea between soccer players and non-athletes. From a practical point of view, the clinician has to take into account not only age, but also training status of individuals when evaluating their blood tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article the engineer Javier Manterola examines, what for many, is the minimal difference between engineer and architect. To this end, the author gives the examples of 19th century Chicago, Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence, Hagia Sophia and St. Peter's Basilica in Rome, among others. In his opinion, the collaboration between the two is ever-more infrequent as "through technology, the engineer has resolved all the problems that may arise for the architect". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of our study was to explore gender differences in Delusional Disorder (DD) comparing sociodemographic, clinical and risk factors and course's characteristics. The sample was compound of 50 inpatients during their first psychiatric entrance and diagnosis of DD (according to SCID-I for DSM-IV criteria). Cases were evaluated retrospectively by means of medical records revision, OPCRIT 4.0 and an inventory created by authors, about not gathered aspects. The proportion woman-man was of 1.27:1. The age of the first psychiatric entrance was higher in women. Men presented greater prevalence of Disorders for use of drugs before; while the women suffered more social retirement and previous depressive symptoms. Men presented greater frequency of generalized, megalomaniac, and jealousy and persecution delusions; whereas women displayed greater frequency of erotomaniac delusions, as well as delusional affectivity and perceptions. Men presented greater frequency of increase of the esteem of the Self; and women displayed initial insomnia and of average night more frequently. Differences in other sociodemographic, clinical and risk factors, and course's characteristics were not observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Euthanasia occurs when a person voluntary causes the death of a very sick person. It should not be confused with other seemingly similar concepts such as disthanasia with the artificial extension of life by machines or by other forms for its maintenance, or orthothanasia which defends death as a natural demise when no other treatments are available and thus makes one's last moments lived with the best quality possible. Euthanasia has been analyzed from different points of view throughout human history. Its acceptability or refusal depends on society's values. the arising controversies especially within the constitutional principle of the dignity of the human person. The latter is employed either to justify euthanasia or to base its impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to identity differences in relation to performance indicators between winning and losing teams of Group A of Spanish Basketball Amateur League, in function of the type of game. The sample of the study is formed by 231 games (N = 462 cases) that were played during 2005/2006 season by teams of Group A along EBA League Regular Phase (Spanish Amateur Basketball). Variables of the study were performance indicators and secondary variables, such as ball possessions and offensive and defensive efficacy coefficients. Inferential analysis between winners and losers showed that there were significant differences in many performance indicators as well as efficacy coefficients of three type of game, increasing number of indicators that differentiate according as games become unbalanced. Relative to balanced games, 2 points failed shots, scored free shots, defensive rebounds, assists and personal fouls, as well as efficacy coefficients, are the ones that differentiate between winning and losing teams. In relation to unbalanced games, scored field shots, turnovers and blocked made must be added. For very unbalanced games almost all performance indicators, except steals, offensive rebounds and 3 points shot failed, differentiate winner from loser. It shows that there are a greater number of performance indicators on average that differentiate winners from losers teams compared to other professional leagues, because of that we can say that exists a higher heterogeneity between teams that participate in this kind of amateur leagues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We live in a distinctly individualistic and consumerist society, the repercussions of which interfere in the various forms in which sociability develops. Understanding them requires effort, but even more complex is the challenge to find ways of overcoming the impasses involved in these issues. Would it be possible to identify the deep-rooted relations of social coexistence based on solidarity and with the possibility of them spreading widely within society? The discussion starts with socialization based on the verticality of interactions, passing through interpretations where there is room for reciprocal influences between subjects, and ends with a rapprochement between socialization and solidary culture, seeking an alternate path. While still modest, it is real, as experienced by people who are at the same time so close to us and often so remote from our perception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper constitutes an essay that sprang from the process of data analysis from different investigations carried out in the context of special schools. Two emergent categories are recaptured: the pedagogic subject and the educational bond, dimensions that merge in a dialectical relation, characterizing the complexity of this educational praxis that acquires different styles depending on the peculiarities of the subjects and of the contextual situations in which it develops. The singular look that the teaching subjects recount as regards their work and, more precisely, their pupils, allows us to understand the importance of these relations, since they construct and mediate the relation of the subject with himself and determine their link with knowledge. The way we feel, see ourselves, behave, eventually how we are, depends on the practices in which we are inserted, where the relationship with others is vital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper constitutes an essay that sprang from the process of data analysis from different investigations carried out in the context of special schools. Two emergent categories are recaptured: the pedagogic subject and the educational bond, dimensions that merge in a dialectical relation, characterizing the complexity of this educational praxis that acquires different styles depending on the peculiarities of the subjects and of the contextual situations in which it develops. The singular look that the teaching subjects recount as regards their work and, more precisely, their pupils, allows us to understand the importance of these relations, since they construct and mediate the relation of the subject with himself and determine their link with knowledge. The way we feel, see ourselves, behave, eventually how we are, depends on the practices in which we are inserted, where the relationship with others is vital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the scope and limits of the critique against the judicial power in Wasps from the comparative analysis of the figure of Philocleon and the chorus of judges. Some authors have argued the hypothesis that Wasps is targeted against the democratic and judicial system as a whole. However, in our view, the complex game of identification and difference between Philocleon and the chorus ends up restricting the general scope of the satire and circumscribing it to particular abuses of bad Athenian judges, represented by the character of Philocleon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The legal and constitutional systems should move forward in guaranteeing the right to free development of affectivity and sexuality, beyond its strict protection through the prohibition of discrimination. This involves recognizing a generic «right to identity», closely connected with the dignity and the free development of per-sonality. Both dimensions of the individual, emotions and sexuality, have obvious public projections that demand protection beyond the privacy. This affects the depth on the principle of equality and the review of a symbolic order that for centuries has refused diversity [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to identify differences in the way in which managerial and operational level deals with the process of management knowledge in a Brazilian metal-mechanical industry. This study was based on the idea of Gold, Malhotra e Segars (2001) that the knowledge process phases are: creation, conversion, utilization and protection. Through a qualitative research, was observed that: both levels consider the importance of knowledge management, but only the creation phase occurs at operational level (through tacit knowledge) and there is no action to protect knowledge (in both levels). So, the study concludes that knowledge management process has focused only at management level in this organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information about the two different vocalization patterns for long-range S-type vocal signals in species of the genus Ctenomys. Examination reveals that vocalizations of the species could be assigned to vocalizations consisting of two parts or Type I or vocalizations consisting of a repeated succession of note groups or Type II. Type I species are C. mendocinus, C. talarum and C. rionegrensis while Type II are C. sociabilis, C. torquatus and C. pearsoni. Observation shows that Type I vocalizers have different number of notes and continuous chain of individual notes composing their vocalizations while Type II vocalizers present an ending part of their vocalizations. This variation is due to the attributes of the ecological or environmental differences between species.

This article suggests integration in a theoretical body of the expression of otherness generated by students in school dynamics. The situation of school violence and the growing disunion evidenced in school sectors invites us to discover new interpretative horizons that contribute to a better education. For this reason, a study was made of forty-five students through anecdotal records and verbal reports. The result was a set of categories that permit the study of otherness in the educational setting. In addition, a new view of the educational ethos is postulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data corresponding to a study of 224-non-consultee-subjects' participation (142 men and 84 women) who working small, medium or big companies with personnel in charge (they exerted leadership functions) are presented. The objectives of this study are to explore the different predominant leadership styles and to determine if differential characteristics between high and low rank leadership exist. We have found full rank, transformational and transactional leaders. For the second objective, the results show specific characteristics differentiating the leaders of high rank in relation to the low rank ones. The leaders of high rank display a transformational leadership style, they have postgraduate studies and they work in medium or big companies whereas the low rank leaders presenting a transactional leadership style are undergraduate students and usually work in small companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ariadna's thread that works through this writing is based on the respect of differences. The fabrics of the above mentioned thread are constructed, in the first part, from the need of the politics founded on pluralism. In the second part the respect is tacked to the differences in the education and in the world of life in general. In the third part the discursive embroidery is finished off by the affirmation of an intercultural education, so that it turns out to be a labor of the educator to open the horizon in order that the pupils are projected as citizens and not as stateless (in the meaning that Hannah Arendt gives to these terms). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It's nowadays accepted by many journals in diverse areas of health and social sciences, that confidence intervals give more descriptive information and they are better than hypothesis tests to express uncertainty resulting from limited sample size. The tool confidence intervals is a very useful descriptive frame to the researcher and to the consumer of statistical results, and their value as statistical summary is very important in descriptive and comparative studies. During decades, hypothesis tests have been the main support of statistical inference in comparative studies, whereas in comparative-descriptive research in social sciences, the method of analysis for categorical variables has been unusual. In fact, good methods to calculate confidence intervals for proportions and their differences, have not been generally available to researchers. Moreover, these methods have not been popular because they remain in statistical articles and away from non specialized users in mathematical knowledge. In this article methods based in works of Newcombe (1998a, 1998b, 1998c) and Wilson (1927) are reported. They overcome traditional methods for the proportion confidence intervals calculation. Although this calculation is moderately simple, we took advantage of the computational technology to facilitate the process of calculus and to diminish errors. An Excel spreadsheet is now available, in Spanish, English and Welsh versions. Also equivalent versions were developed in the language of macros for SPSS and Minitab, which are all available in the internet address mentioned within the text of the article. These devices enable researchers to calculate the intervals using proven good methods; these methods come from the score method, which is derived from Wilson's work (1927). The typical situation for calculating intervals of confidence for proportions comes from a single sample of participants, and/or from a comparison between dependent and independent samples. The score method takes advantage of the calculation of a simple proportion, to extend it to the comparison between dependent and independent proportions. The rationality of this extension is intuitive and is applied easily by means of the computer programs mentioned previously. Examples of confidence intervals calculus for a simple proportion and differences of proportions are presented and a discussion about their careful use in the context of research design is developed. Particularly, confidence intervals appear to be one of the most useful forms to express the uncertainty in research findings, since the necessity to design studies using a limited sample from the population, makes that the appropriate interpretation of the intervals becomes a point of learning and agreement that the authors put in relevance. Finally, the reader must have in mind that the estimation of the intervals does not give information in absolute terms, because it likewise offers a probability of containing the population value of interest (proportion). On the other hand, trying to reach the exact results is only one part of the problem. There are other important aspects as the choice of the statistical analysis and the study design, and within this last one, the sampling process, that continues being a prevalent source of weakness in research literature. If the specific sample is biased towards the population that we are trying to study (for example, certain population segment can be more motivated to fill in questionnaires or to participate in studies, in which case we are in front of a self-selected sample) or towards our expectations, every calculus that will be done will be biased. We hope that the readers of this article are aware and benefit of the usefulness of this old wine in new bottle method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]