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Postoperative endophthalmitis is a serious complication of cataract surgery. It may leads to vision loss. The most common organism cause endophthalmitis is gram-positive bacteria, mainly Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). To prevent postoperative endophthalmitis, eye drops or intracameral administration of antibiotic agents are universally used. In recent years, the trend of endophthalmitis treatment has grown rapidly. Administration of bacteriophage is a subject of research for the treatment and prophylaxis of postoperative endophthalmitis. This literature review investigates the potential of bacteriophage to provide a rapid, effective alternative to antibiotic treatments for postoperative endophthalmitis caused by S. aureus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolescents with disabilities deserve the best health care without discrimination. They can access gender-sensitive health care and rehabilitation. Health services include promotive, preventive, curative, and rehabilitative care. HIV and AIDS prevention in disabled people must start as soon as possible. Those with speech disabilities are encouraged to reach their full independence potential in case of an incident. This study tested an HIV/AIDS education model for speech-impaired people. At Indonesia's School of Disability, a non-randomized control group pre- and post-test design was used. In the study, 60 speech-impaired students were divided into 30 intervention and 30 control groups. Analyses used T-tests. Speech-disabled people's knowledge and attitudes improved with the virtual HIV/AIDS education model (P=0.007). Therefore, the HIV/AIDS education model should be implemented using virtual platforms to improve knowledge and attitudes, especially among speech-disabled teens. Virtual reproductive health education for children with speech disabilities improves knowledge and attitudes more than traditional methods, especially among visually impaired children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of youth in agricultural development is very important, but youth who are interested in agriculture tend to decrease every year. Youth in Karangan Village consider farming to be an unprofitable profession. They consider the economics of agricultural products to be very low so that most of them are not interested in agricultural activities. Therefore, the number of farmers decreases every year. So efforts to increase the interest of the younger generation to be involved in the agriculture sector. Motivational factors are needed to encourage someone to want to do something, and the motivational factor in question is interest. There are several factors that determine a person’s interest. This research aims to analyze the factors that influence youth interest in agriculture. This research was conducted on youth from Karangan Village, Kepohbaru District, Bojonegoro Regency, with 88 respondents from a total population of 785. Observation and questionnaires are techniques used by researchers to collect data. This research is quantitative research with data analysis using the SEM PLS method. This research uses 3 independent variables, namely individual characteristics (age, education, family), external factors (training and counseling, availability of natural resources, government support), and motivational factors (rewards, achievement, life demands) on the dependent variable, namely youth interest (enjoyment, involvement, interest). Factors that influence youth interest based on the result of the analysis are age, family, availability of natural resources, life demands and involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the effect of SNEDDS containing Curcuma longa extract on hormonal and histological improvement of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) rat model. Method: A total of 36 female Wistar rats, aged between 8 and 10 weeks, were randomly divided into 6 groups, including control (normal rats), PCOS (untreated PCOS rats), PCOS + M (treated with 20 mg/kg bw/day metformin), PCOS + SC25, PCOS + SC50, and PCOS + SC100 (treated with Curcuma longa extract at 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day with SNEDDS, respectively). This study used a posttest-only control group design. The rats were euthanized on day 15, and blood samples were taken to examine malondialdehyde (MDA) and anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) levels. Ovarian tissue was prepared on a histological slide, and various follicles were observed. Data was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: Curcuma longa extract, at 50 and 100 mg/kg, incorporated in SNEDDS resulted in a significant reduction in the corpus luteum number and width of the granulosa layer (p < 0.05). Also, Curcuma longa significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA), anti-mullerian hormone (AMH), preantral follicles, and follicular cysts (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Curcuma longa extract in SNEDDS reduces MDA and AMH levels and improves the histology of the ovaries in PCOS model rats. There is a need to conduct further studies of C. longa extract or isolates in SNEDDS using human cell lines of PCOS model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of antimicrobial resistance has led to an urgent need for novel antimicrobial drugs. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials in silico and in vitro of Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. ethanolic extract. The extracts were subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis to identify the compounds. In silico antimicrobial studies were performed to gain insights into the possible mechanism of action of the active compounds as antimicrobials. The antimicrobial activities of the ethanolic extracts were assessed using the agar well diffusion method against the Surabaya strain of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Antioxidant properties of the extract were done using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) and ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)] inhibition assays. The phytochemical screening revealed that the extract has high flavonoids and polyphenols contents. The GC-MS analysis detected the presence of 52 bioactive substances, with n-hexadecanoic acid, 9, 12, 15-octadecatrienoic acid, benzofuran 2,3-dihydro-. quinic acid, neophytadiene as major compound. Molecular docking studies showed that these compounds have a high binding affinity towards the target proteins, thereby inhibiting their activities. The ethanolic extract of P. amaryllifolius Roxb. exhibited antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The IC50 were 11.96 ± 4.01 μg/ml and 26.18 ± 7.44 μg/ml for DPPH and ABTS. The diameters of inhibition zones (DIZ) and percentage of inhibition (PI) were calculated and varied for every single pathogen 16.44 ± 1.21mm/66.76 ± 4.92% (50%) and 21.22 ± 0.11mm/82.49 ± 3.91% (50%) for E. coli and S. aureus (DIZ/PI) respectively. Overall, this study provides information on the mechanism responsible for P. amaryllifolius Roxb. extract as a natural antimicrobe and lays the foundation for further studies to isolate and characterize the active compounds as antimicrobial candidates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the factors that influence consumer decisions on hazardous waste management in Indonesia. Through a critical review of recent literature, this study identifies ten keys factors that influence consumer decisions, includeing price, service provider reputation, service quality, location proximity, ease of access to information, risk perception, environmental awarness, government regulations, social pressure, and previous experience. The result of the analysis show that although environmental awarness has increased, economic factors such as price are still a major consideration for consumers. This research also reveals gaps in the literature, particularly the lack of studies that incorporate various factors holistically. The findings provide important implications for service providers, policy makers and research to improve sustainable hazardous waste management practices in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction industry is a dynamic field with potential hazards that can affect project quality and performance. Proper implementation of Occupational Safety and Health (OHS) management is essential in construction projects. The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is an important aspect of OHS, but compliance among construction workers is still lacking. This study aims to determine the relationship between attitude and compliance with the use of PPE on the Hermina Hospital construction project in Madiun City. This study was a cross-sectional study, and data were collected using a questionnaire. This study involved 93 construction workers. The results showed that 62% of construction workers in Ethiopia did not use PPE while working, mainly due to lack of availability (41.1%), lack of orientation on the use of PPE (21.3%), discomfort (16.3%), and lack of perceived importance (1.3%). In Indonesia, approximately 60% of workers have experienced head injuries due to not wearing a safety helmet, 90% have experienced facial injuries due to not wearing a face shield, 77% have experienced foot injuries due to not wearing safety shoes, and 66% have experienced eye injuries due to not using eye protection. The low compliance with PPE use among construction workers is a significant concern, as this increases the risk of occupational injuries and accidents. Factors such as availability, training, comfort, and perceived importance of PPE should be addressed to improve compliance. Employers and policy makers need to prioritize the implementation of effective OHS management in construction projects to protect workers' health and safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This prebirth cohort study examined the relationship between breastfeeding duration and behavioral problems in five-year-old Japanese children. Study subjects were 1198 mother–child pairs. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Emotional, conduct, hyperactivity, and peer problems and low prosocial behavior were assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Neither exclusive breastfeeding duration nor breastfeeding duration regardless of exclusivity was significantly associated with childhood emotional, conduct, hyperactivity, or peer problems or low prosocial behavior. In children with older siblings only, ≥ 4 months of exclusive breastfeeding was significantly inversely associated with hyperactivity problems (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.57, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 0.31−0.99). In children without older siblings, ≥ 4 months of exclusive breastfeeding was inversely significantly associated with low prosocial behavior (adjusted OR = 0.54, 95 % CI: 0.30−0.93). No interactions were observed between exclusive breastfeeding duration and the presence of older siblings regarding the two outcomes. No associations were found between breastfeeding duration and any of the outcomes based on the SDQ. Exclusive breastfeeding for ≥ 4 months may be inversely associated with hyperactivity problems in children with older siblings and with low prosocial behavior in children without older siblings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Penjaringan Sari Flats is a solution implemented by the Surabaya City Government to overcome the limited housing in Surabaya. Due to the high number of residents, Penjaringan Sari Flats have a rapid and spread infectious rate. One of the impacts of infectious diseases that may be experienced by pregnant women and also children under five aged is low birth weight (LBW) babies and stunting. One solution to reduce the number of stunting and LBW that can be done is screening at early conditions of infection in pregnant women and toddler using the urine examination method (urinalysis). In examining a urine sample which is examined using the dipstick method (urinalysis using strips), 11 parameters can be read. Three of the eleven dipstick parameters (nitrite, leukocytes, and protein) were stated to be sufficient to screen a patient's initial infection profile. Participants in this community service activity are residents of Penjaringan Sari flats who are female, pregnant, and/or small children aged up to 5 years. The first stage carried out was the introduction of this program and activity plan to the Head of Penjaringan Sari Subdistrict. Data collection on the number of pregnant women and toddlers in Penjaringan Sari Village using observational methods. Data collection was carried out personally by the Head of Community Service accompanied by local women community. The number of pregnant women is 40 and toddlers are 60 as of August 2023. The results of urine sample examinations from 74 patients from residents of Penjaringan Sari Subdistrict are divided into two different categories: pregnant women and toddlers. In the category of pregnant women, around 90% of patients had positive leukocyte results, 60% had proteinuria, and 10% showed positive urine nitrite. In the second group, namely toddlers, the results showed that around 58.13% showed positive leukocytes, around 16.27% experienced proteinuria, and 4.65% of toddler patients had positive nitrite values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrocarbon is one of the primary organic pollutants that contaminate seawater. Most hydrocarbons which pollute the sea waters of Indonesia are the constituents of diesel fuel. This condition emphasizes the need to develop a bioremediation strategy for diesel fuel pollution in the country. A successful plan for bioremediation is primarily determined by the choice of the bacterial agent, which can be isolated from the polluted seawater. Furthermore, the setup must consider the characteristics and capability of the bacterial isolates to degrade diesel fuel. This study thus aimed to analyze the potential of Bacillus cereus isolated from the polluted seawater of Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia, as a bioremediation agent. The results of bacterial density, pH measurements, TPH and GC-MS assays indicated that the locally isolated Bacillus cereus could significantly reduce the hydrocarbon concentrations. More importantly, after 14 days of bioremediation, the polluting diesel fuel was categorized as biodegradable based on the BOD:COD ratio. This study shows that Bacillus cereus has excellent potential for bioremediating hydrocarbon contaminants in tropical seawater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Botanical seeds, also known as True Shallot Seed (TSS), are a new development to ensure the long-term availability of shallot seeds in the Bangka Belitung Islands. Apart from analyzing the effect of vernalization and gibberellin (GA3) on TSS production, this research aims to develop basic standard operating procedures for shallot TSS production in Bangka Belitung. This research was carried out on a plantation belonging to the Timur Makmur Farmers Group, Central Bangka. This research used a Randomized Block Design with two factors. Gibberellin concentration, namely 0, 50, 100, or 200 ppm, is the first factor, followed by vernalization time as the second factor, namely 0, 2, 4 weeks with 4 repetitions. Data were processed using the F test and the DMRT further test at the α = 5% level. Analysis of various uses of gibberellin and vernalization treatments showed that neither the Bima Brebes nor Biru Lancor varieties of shallots had any effect on height, number of leaves, or number of tillers. In both shallot varieties, the effect of gibberellin and vernalization treatment on flowering age, number of flowers set, and number of TSS seeds set had no effect. Vernalization treatment on shallots of the Bima Brebes variety can extend the flowering period of the Bima Brebes variety. Gibberellins and vernalization were not able to produce flowering in the Blue Lancor shallot variety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The International Classification of Function, Disability, and Health (ICF—WHO, 2001) recognizes several dimensions of disability, such as body structure and function (and impairment thereof), activity (and activity restrictions) and participation (and participation restriction) and their interactions with contextual factor (personal and environmental). In this study, we map and analyse the relationship between the components of ICF in leprosy patients from two rural areas in Indonesia: Lewoleba (East Nusa Tenggara) and Likupang (North Minahasa). This study was part of a community outreach program by the KATAMATAKU team from Universitas Indonesia. The body structure was graded using the WHO hand and feet disability grade and the number of enlarged nerves, while the body function was measured by the Jebsen Taylor Hand Function Test (JTT) and Timed-up and Go (TUG). Activity limitation and participation restriction were measured using the Screening Activity Limitation Safety Awareness (SALSA) Scale and Participation Scale (P-scale), respectively. There were 177 leprosy patients from the two regions and 150 patients with complete data were included in the analysis. We found 82% (95% CI: 75.08%-87.32%) of subjects with multibacillary leprosy, 10.67% (95% CI: 6.67%-16.62%) of subjects with grade 2 WHO hand disability, and 9.33% (95% CI: 5.64%-15.06%) of subjects with grade 2 WHO foot disability. Assessment using the SALSA Scale showed 29.33% of subjects with limitation activity and 11.33% with participation restriction. Age was shown to have positive correlations with SALSA, JTT, and TUG. Inter-dimensional analysis showed that the SALSA scale had significant positive correlations with the number of nerve enlargements, P-scale, JTT, and TUG. SALSA scores of grade 2 WHO hand and foot disability were also significantly higher than grades 1 and 0. The participation scale also had a positive correlation with JTT but not TUG. Hand disability seemed to affect societal participation while foot did not. We used the ICF to describe and analyse dimensions of leprosy-related disability in Indonesia. Author summary: Disability is the long-term outcome of untreated leprosy or Hansen's disease, which is caused by peripheral nerve invasion of the Mycobacterium leprae. It is a serious and life-limiting complication for leprosy patients. Currently, seven regions in Indonesia have not yet achieved the state of disease elimination. In addition, Indonesia has not succeeded in achieving the sub-target of the rate of new cases with grade 2 disability in 2023. The concept of disability and health including the body structure, body function, personal and environmental domains, activity limitation, and participation restriction, is provided by the ICF. Through the framework, we could assess the aspects of disability and its relationship to one another in leprosy patients. Furthermore, the early detection, screening, and management programs for leprosy have not included aspects of disability and rehabilitative measures for restoration. Thus, the purpose of this study is to find the impact of leprosy-related disability on the patients' body function, activity, and participation. We reported 150 leprosy patients from two rural areas of Indonesia and found significant relationships between specific indicators, which would be useful for rehabilitative management programs in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to determine the protection of land rights for the residents of Pantai Bahagia village based on national agrarian law. The method used is the juridicalempirical method. The juridical-empirical method is a research approach that examines the current regulations as seen from the realities in society, or research that observes the application of the law in its actual state. The results of this study indicate that the form of protection of land rights that can be provided to the 2014 households in Pantai Bahagia Village, who occupy land in forest areas, can be realized through the release of forest areas. The release of these forest areas is carried out through a request to the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (KLHK), considering evidence of land ownership and historical data possessed by the community. With the release of the forest area, the community can then register the land as their property rights, thus providing legal certainty over their land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introductions: WHO states that the suicide rate in the world is still high; most of them had a previous depressive episode. In depressed patients with psychotic symptoms, psychomotor disturbances were more severe, feelings of guilt were higher, and there was an increase in suicidal ideation and attempts. Several studies have tried to find out whether there is an influence between psychotic symptoms and the incidence of suicide in patients with depressive disorders. However, the number of available studies is still limited and controversial. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of psychotic symptoms on the incidence of suicide in patients with major depressive disorders. Methods: This is an observational analysis with a case-control approach. The sample was obtained from the Udayana Psychiatric Resident Duty Report in 2019 in a purposeful manner that already met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Test the hypothesis using chi-square and logistic regression. Results: A total of 70 samples were used in this study. Chi-squared showed there was a relationship between psychotic symptoms and the incidence of suicide in patients with major depression (p = 0.016). Logistic regression showed that a history of drinking alcohol (OR 55.058; CI 2.975-1018.8; p = 0.007) and psychotic symptoms (OR 9.237; CI 1.86-45.875; p = 0.007) were shown to affect the incidence of suicide in patients with major depressive disorders. Conclusion: There is an effect of psychotic symptoms on the incidence of depression in patients with major depressive disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine the long- and short-term effects of foreign exchange on Indonesia's external debts. Employing an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing on quarterly data from 2010 to 2019 and testing for effect asymmetry, we found a long-run cointegrating relationship between the two variables. We also found a slow adjustment to an equilibrium state following a shock. Foreign exchange demonstrates a positive long-run effect on Indonesia's external debt, while in the short-run the effect is negative. Furthermore, we found an asymmetry in the elasticities of external debt with respect to rupiah-to-US dollar exchange rate fluctuations. The positive effect of Indonesian rupiah volatility on Indonesian external debt would be more severe when the rupiah appreciates against the dollar compared to a situation of rupiah depreciation. Therefore, although a depreciation of rupiah against the US dollar under a floating foreign exchange regime adopted by Indonesia since 1997 would in the long-run increase external debt, the impact is moderate. Any short-run movement of Indonesia's external debt following a shock would be pulled back to its long-run equilibrium path. We recommend that Indonesia should maintain a floating exchange regime and allow rupiah to depreciate at a moderate rate in the long-run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The properties and activity of TiO2-based nanorods as an antifouling agent and a photocatalyst for the catalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) have been investigated. A modification of TiO2 with SiO2 was first carried out to enlarge the surface area. In order to enhance the TiO2 photo response to the visible light region, a further modification of TiO2-SiO2 (TS) composites with polyaniline (PANI) was also conducted. The nanorod TiO2 exhibited an anatase structure based on the diffraction patterns. The TEM images showed that some TiO2 molecules were attached around SiO2 with a random orientation. The TiO2-SiO2-PANI (TS-PANI) exhibited the largest specific surface area (SBET) of about 256.85 m²/g. The profile on the AFM images of the composites showed that the nano-roughness of the coatings was confirmed. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated through the degradation of MB both on the powder and the coated composites. The photocatalytic activity on the coatings was verified due to further application as anti-fouling coatings involving photocatalytic mechanism. The degradation of MB using TS-PANI powder and TS-PANI coating composites was 89.5% and 90.2%, respectively, with the irradiation time on the coatings was 20 min longer. The antifouling activity through the photocatalytic mechanism and nano-roughness surface was confirmed by the inhibition of barnacle growth on the teakwood surface immersed for two months in the sea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BSF maggots have almost the same protein content as fish meal so that they can be used as a substitute source of protein. This study aims to test the effect of replacing fish meal with BSF (Hermetia illucens) maggot meal in the diet on growing quail carcasses. This research used a 60-7-dayold quail with an initial body weight of 22.25 ± 4.23 g and reared for 35 days in the Animal Husbandry Study Program cage, Djuanda University, Bogor. The design used was a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications consisting of R0= Ration composed of 0% maggot meal and 16% fish meal, R1= Ration consisting of 4% maggot meal and 12% fish meal, R2= Ration composed of 8% maggot meal and 8% fish meal, R3 = Ration consisting of 12% maggot meal and 4% fish meal, R4 = Ration composed of 16% maggot meal and 0% fish meal. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan's test. The variables observed were slaughter weight (g), carcass weight (g), carcass percentage (%), breast percentage (%), wing percentage (%), thigh percentage (%), and back percentage (%). The research results showed that the substitution of fish meal for maggot meal at the 16% level had a significant difference (P˂0.05) in slaughter weight, carcass weight, breast percentage, and back percentage. However, there was no significant difference (P˃0.05) in carcass percentage, wing percentage, and thigh percentage. Substituting fish meal with maggot meal at a 4 – 16% level cannot increase the carcass percentage in growing quail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF) membrane and conjunctival autografts on α- Smooth Muscle Actin (α-SMA) and type III collagen expression following conjunctival excision in Oryctolagus cuniculus. Study Design: Experimental study with a randomized post-test only design. Place and Duration of Study: Airlangga University, Surabaya in November 2022. Methods: Twenty rabbit eyes were categorized into two groups: those sutured with PRF membrane and those sutured with conjunctival autografts after temporal conjunctival excision. The study assessed α-SMA and type III collagen expression through the Immunoreactive Score (IRS) method. Data analysis is conducted using appropriate statistical methods, such as the t-test or Mann-Whitney U test, to compare the expression of α-SMA and collagen type III between the two groups. Results: The data for each sample represented the average IRS value observed at 200x magnification. In the conjunctival autograft group, the mean IRS of α-SMA expression was 5.52 ± 0.84, significantly higher than the PRF membrane group (2.34 ± 0.34) with p < 0.05. Similarly, the conjunctival autograft group showed a higher mean IRS of type III collagen (3.87 ± 0.25) compared to the PRF membrane group (2.29 ± 0.31) (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Variations in α-SMA and type III collagen expression exist between the PRF membrane and conjunctival autograft groups in the rabbit corneal model, suggesting difference in their efficacy for conjunctival defect repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to recount the long history of Lebong Tandai Village, which is known as "Little Batavia". This village, which is located in Napal Putih District, North Bengkulu Regency, Bengkulu Province, has a long history dating back to the British colonial period in Bengkulu, the Dutch colonial period, the Japanese occupation period, until the era of Indonesian independence. This research will examine the story of Lebong Tandai during the Second Dutch Military Aggression, the PRRI Rebellion Period, the PT era. Lusang Mining, to its current condition. The method used is a combination method: literature and field. Data were collected from written materials and interviews. The research is descriptive in nature and uses a historical approach to analyze data sources related to Lebong Tandai Village. The results of this research show that Bengkulu Province, especially Lebong Tandai Village, has a long and fascinating history. The historical carvings in Lebong Tandai must be seen and looked after again, especially by the Indonesian people, so that this historical wealth can be enjoyed by posterity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work describes the synthesis of polyaniline/silica-coated magnetite composites (PANI-SMc) for antibacterial and anticandidal applications. PANI-SMc exhibits antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. PANI has a characteristic band at 1,570 cm−1, corresponds to the –C=C– stretching vibrations of quinoid (N=Q=N), and shifted to ∼1,570–1,620 cm−1 in PANI-SMc, indicating imine nitrogen is more involved in the interaction. PANI-SMc shows an amorphous phase, and SMc improves the thermal stability of PANI-SMc. The magnetization of PANI-SMc is lower than SMc; however, it is still firm to be magnetically separated by external magnetic fields. SEM images reveal polyaniline successfully distributed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Milkfish (Chanos chanos) is valued in aquaculture for its affordability and nutritional richness. However, conventional farming techniques frequently result in suboptimal yields due to lead (Pb) contamination. Traditional milkfish ponds are typically situated near coastal areas, river waters, estuaries, ports, and industrial zones, rendering them susceptible to contamination, particularly from heavy metals, like Pb. This study aimed to analyze Pb accumulation in the body of milkfish juvenile, identify liver and gills damage, and examine the growth rate and survival of milkfish exposed to Pb at various concentrations. Juvenile milkfish were exposed to various concentrations of PbNO3, namely 0 mL.L-1, 0.08 mL.L-1, 0.8 mL.L-1, and 8 mL.L-1, including the non-exposed control group. The metal content of the fish bodies was measured using an AA spectrophotometer. Histological analysis of the liver and gills of the fish was performed to evaluate organ damage. The results showed significant Pb accumulation has been observed in milkfish exposed to high Pb concentrations. The control treatments showed a decrease in metal content, whereas treatments with high concentrations showed a significant increase. Exposure to Pb within 30 d can cause organ damage, such as inflammatory cells, secondary lamella fusion, and necrosis that occurs in the gills. In the liver, there is damage such as the accumulation of inflammatory cells, necrosis, and hydrofic degeneration. Pb exposure rapidly damages and disrupts milkfish's biological functions, influencing survival and growth. Pb exposure with doses 8 mL.L-1 significantly affected juvenile milkfish within approximately 60 min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pemphis acidula is a wild plant in rocky or sandy coastal areas and mangrove ecosystems. Different geographic characteristics may affect plant adaptability and have an impact on the emergence of various genotypes. This study was performed to reveal the phenetic relationship and genetic variation of P. acidula in 3 different areas in Tomini Bay, Gorontalo Province, Indonesia. We took 3 samples from each location and analysed them using 14 morphological characters and molecular approaches based on ISSR markers and ITS gene. The results showed that P. acidula on Olele had bigger sizes in some morphological features compared to the plants in other study areas. The phenetic analysis showed that P. acidula at Biluhu and Dulanga were more closely related, although P. acidula at the 3 locations had 100% similarity. Genetic variation analysis showed the highest genetic similarity based on ISSR markers was found in Dulanga and Biluhu samples (76.8%). Phylogenetic based on ITS gene revealed that Olele samples were in the same clade with P. acidula accession from GenBank (genetic distance 0-0.19%), while Biluhu samples were a sister group (genetic distance 24.97-25.03%) even though their percentage identity corresponds to P. acidula (81.34%). Plant adaptation to different habitat conditions may affect the genetic diversity of P. acidula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rhizome of Kaempferia galanga (Zingiberaceae) is extensively used in traditional medicine by utilizing its various biological activities. It has been proven that ethyl-para-methoxycinnamate (EPMC) and other polyphenolic compounds are present in considerable amounts in the ethanolic extract of K. galanga rhizome (EKG). Our previous study confirmed that a dose of 0.5–1% of EKG demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity and a wound-healing effect in chemical-induced oral mucosal ulcers of Wistar rats. Currently, there are no reports on the formulation of oral gel containing EKG, thus revealing the potential of EKG to be developed as a herbal oral gel for mucosal ulcers. This study aims to formulate the best mucoadhesive oral care gel containing EKG in terms of physical stability. The presence of EPMC and the total phenols in the best EKG gel were also determined. The results revealed that Carbopol 934 is the best gelling agent for EKG gel preparations as proven by its stability during 14 days of storage. The statistical analysis resulted in a significant difference between the physical stability of the Carbopol 934-based EKG gel preparation compared to three commercial oral care gel products (p < 0.05). RP-HPLC chromatograms indicated that EPMC was identified in Carbopol 934-based gels containing 5% and 10% EKG at 6.056 and 6.146 min, respectively, with polyphenol levels of 1201.2557 mg/kg and 1849.1506 mg/kg, respectively. The hedonic test performed on 30 respondents to measure the degree of consumer acceptance and satisfaction confirmed that 5% EKG gel is the most sensorially accepted by the respondents. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and a Kruskal–Wallis test. Taken together, the Carbopol 934-based gel containing 5% EKG could potentially be further developed as a topical anti-oral mucosal ulcer drug for clinical purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a compilation of various studies and articles that examine the prevalence of bullying and its impact on the mental health of adolescents in different countries. The research explores factors such as gender, disability, childhood trauma, and family dynamics that contribute to bullying and its consequences. It also discusses interventions and prevention strategies, as well as the role of schools and peers in addressing bullying. The studies highlight the serious and long-term effects of bullying, including depression, suicidal thoughts, self-harm, loneliness, social anxiety, and low self-esteem. The document emphasizes the need for further research on less explored topics such as suicide attempts, early victimization, post-traumatic stress disorder, and suicidality. [Extracted from the article]

Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) is an ornamental herbaceous plant from the African marigold group of the Asteraceae family has potential to be developed into edible flowers in the functional food group because of its antioxidant content. This research aims to determine the effect of FMA dose and compost Azolla pinnata on marigold fertilization efficiency and to determine the quality of edible flowers produced by marigold plants. The research method used factorial Randomized Block Design with 2 factors, namely the dose of FMA and the dose of A. pinnata compost, 2 replications and 9 treatment combinations. The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of diversity (ANOVA) and if they were significantly different, further tested using the DMRT 5% test. There was an interaction between the FMA dose and the A. pinnata compost dose only on the number of flowers per plot. The dose of FMA and the dose of A. pinnata compost independently influenced plant height at 56 DAP, stem diameter at 56 DAP, flower diameter, flower thickness, number of flowers per plant and number of flowers per plot, weight of per flower and weight of flowers per plant. The best quality of antioxidant content was found in FMA dose of 10 g/plant and A. pinnata compost dose of 40 g/plant. Application of FMA dose of 10 g/plant for each dose of Azolla fertilizer or a dose of Azolla fertilizer of 20 g/plant for each dose of FMA is the most efficient combination in terms of fertilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to identify and analyze the factors influencing dividend policy using proxies such as liquidity, leverage, company size, and profitability on dividend policy in construction companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2016 to 2020. The population of this study consists of 20 companies categorized as those listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, companies that consecutively issue annual reports and distribute dividends from 2016 to 2020. Using purposive sampling method, the number of samples obtained is 9 companies. The data testing method used is multiple linear regression analysis. Based on the test results, liquidity, leverage, company size, and profitability collectively influence dividend policy. Partially, only liquidity and profitability have a positive effect on dividend policy, while leverage and company size do not significantly affect dividend policy in the construction sub-sector companies during the period 2016 to 2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]