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In this research, thermal modeling has been done to investigate the effect of nanofluid on the performance of the linear parabolic collector. Therminol vapor/liquid phase fluid (VP-1) has been used as a base fluid; iron oxide nanoparticles have been used to produce mono-nanofluid; and iron oxide multi-walled carbon nanotubes nanocomposite has been used as nanoparticles to produce hybrid nanofluid. The fluid flow inside the absorber tube of the collector is assumed to be turbulent. The results show that when hybrid nanofluid and mono-nanofluid are used, the energy and exergy efficiencies of the collector are higher than those for the conditions of using the base fluid, but their amount is slightly lower with the use of hybrid nanofluid than when the working fluid is mono-nanofluid. According to the obtained results, the highest energy efficiency of the linear parabolic collector using nanofluid and mono-nanofluid is 70.2% and 70.4%, respectively, and the highest exergy efficiency is 35.7% and 35.9%, respectively. Despite this, the friction coefficient of mono-nanofluid compared to hybrid nanofluid was obtained on average about 9% higher. The results showed that the criterion for evaluating the performance of the collector (hydrodynamic thermal efficiency) when hybrid nanofluid is used is more than when mono-nanofluid is used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plants mount induced resistance and adult-plant resistance against different pathogens throughout the whole growth period. Rice production faces threats from multiple major diseases, including rice blast, sheath blight, and bacterial leaf blight. Here, we report that the miR172a– SNB – MYB30 module regulates both induced and adult-plant resistance to these three major diseases via lignification in rice. Mechanistically, pathogen infections induce the expression of miR172a, which downregulates the transcription factor SNB to release its suppression of MYB30 , leading to an increase in lignin biosynthesis and disease resistance throughout the whole growth period. Moreover, expression levels of miR172a and MYB30 gradually increase and are consistently correlated with lignin contents and disease resistance during rice development, reaching a peak at full maturity, whereas SNB RNA levels are negatively correlated with lignin contents and disease resistance, indicating the involvement of the miR172a– SNB – MYB30 module in adult-plant resistance. The functional domain of SNB protein and its binding sites in the MYB30 promoter are highly conserved among more than 4000 rice accessions, while abnormal expression of miR172a, SNB , or MYB30 compromises yield traits, suggesting artificial selection of the miR172a– SNB – MYB30 module during rice domestication. Taken together, these results reveal a novel role for a conserved miRNA-regulated module that contributes significantly to induced and adult-plant resistance against multiple pathogens by increasing lignin accumulation, deepening our understanding of broad-spectrum resistance and adult-plant resistance. Pathogen-induced resistance and adult-plant resistance are crucial for plant immunity. This study demonstrates that rice miR172a enhances both induced and adult-plant resistance by increasing lignin accumulation via down-regulation of the expression of SNB , which encodes a transcriptional repressor that directly suppresses the expression of MYB30 , a positive regulator of lignin synthesis. Our study reveals a novel role for a conserved microRNA-regulated module that contributes to induced and adult-plant resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biochar's benign effects on agricultural production have been demonstrated. Still, no consistent conclusions have been drawn on the impact of biochar-amended paddy fields on carbon sequestration, gas emission reduction, and efficiency enhancement in typical cropping areas in the middle Yangtze River. A field experiment using five dosages of biochar (CK, BC1.5, BC3, BC4.5, and BC6) at 0, 1.5, 3, 4.5, and 6 kg·m−2 was conducted at the Hubei Irrigation Experiment Center Station, Jingmen City, Hubei Province, China, to investigate the effects of biochar on carbon sequestration, greenhouse gas emissions, and agricultural efficiency in paddy in the middle Yangtze River Region. This study showed that the optimal biochar dosage was 4.5 kg·m−2 (BC4.5). Biochar significantly improved soil properties, increased rice yield by 26.4–61.4%, and enhanced water use efficiency (WUE) and economic profit (EP) by 32.0–83.7% and −8.0–48.6%, respectively. Biochar increased soil carbon sequestration (SCS) and carbon pool management index (CPMI) by 23.0–198.3% and 22.9–71.5%, respectively. Biochar also reduced greenhouse gas emission intensity (GHGI), global warming potential (GWP), and emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O. Furthermore, structural equation modeling (SEM) indicated that soil organic carbon (SOC), in addition to the "biochar" influence factor, was a key positive influence factor for SCS, CPMI, and EP. Another major positive factor for GWP was silt, and for WUE it was saturated hydraulic conductivity, while TN and SOC were the major negative variables for GHGI. In summary, biochar demonstrated outstanding carbon sequestration and emission reduction impacts while ensuring crop production growth and efficiency improvement. The results provide a research basis for safeguarding food security and mitigating climate warming in the middle Yangtze River region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of transparent crosslinked colorless polyimide (CPI) films are prepared from 3,3′,4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA), 2,2′-bis(trifluoro-methyl)benzidine (TFMB), and 4,4′-oxydianiline (ODA) by thermal imidization, incorporating varying contents of 2,2′-(1,3-phenylene)bis(2-oxazoline) (1,3-PBO) as the crosslinking agent. Following the incorporation of the crosslinking structure, the CPI films show good optical transparency (approximately 85% winthin visible light range), enhanced glass transition temperature (from 325 °C to 341 °C), and improved thermal stability, and tensile strength. Notably, compared with the pristine uncrosslinked CPI, these crosslinked CPI films significantly increase in elongation at break (from 5.4% to 44.2%). Furthermore, the new approach ensures that crosslinked CPIs improve heat resistance and mechanical properties, while avoiding the embrittlement of materials. This study also offeres straightforward preparation methods for optically transparent crosslinked polyimides without additional processing steps. All these results make this approach can effectively improve the competitive performance of the CPI films for potential applications in microelectronic and optoelectronic fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of model vertical resolutions on simulation of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) was investigated using five AMIP simulations by the Grid‐point Atmospheric Model of IAP LASG, version 3 (GAMIL3) with different vertical layers. Results showed that higher vertical resolutions produce a stronger and superior eastward propagation, coupled circulation–convection relationship, and MJO strength, as well as other convectively coupled equatorial waves when compared to the lowest vertical resolution. The improvements may be related to a better description of the tropical circulation in the higher vertical resolutions and model top, albeit without the significant improvement of MJO convection and stratospheric quasi‐biennial oscillation in all simulations. Among the four tested high resolutions, the simulations with higher vertical resolutions from the surface to about 850 hPa produced better eastward propagation and larger total explained variance of the MJO, indicating the importance of the lower troposphere in simulating the MJO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep neural networks (DNNs) and transfer learning (TL) have been used to improve surface electromyogram (sEMG)-based force estimation. However, prior studies focused mostly on applying TL within one joint, which limits dataset size and diversity. Herein, we investigated cross-joint TL between two upper-limb joints with four DNN architectures using sliding windows. We used two feedforward and two recurrent DNN models with feature engineering and feature learning, respectively. We found that the dependencies between sEMG and force are short-term (<400 ms) and that sliding windows are sufficient to capture them, suggesting that more complicated recurrent structures may not be necessary. Also, using DNN architectures reduced the required sliding window length. A model pre-trained on elbow data was fine-tuned on hand–wrist data, improving force estimation accuracy and reducing the required training data amount. A convolutional neural network with a 391 ms sliding window fine-tuned using 20 s of training data had an error of 6.03 ± 0.49% maximum voluntary torque, which is statistically lower than both our multilayer perceptron model with TL and a linear regression model using 40 s of training data. The success of TL between two distinct joints could help enrich the data available for future deep learning-related studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalytic technology is considered to be a sustainable strategy to convert H2 O and O2 into H2 O2. However, constructing photocatalytically active and stable organic photocatalyst remain a challenge. In this study, a new class of porous aromatic framework photocatalysts (BF-PAFs) were designed and synthesized, in which 9,9′-bifluorenylidene (99′-BF) and different alkynes are alternately connected. The BF-PAFs were constructed and served as photocatalysts for H2 O2 synthesis. Experimental results show that the introduction of different alkynes can effectively regulate the optical band gap and energy band structure, which may further determine their photocatalytic performance. Upon visible light irradiation, PAF-370 exhibits high efficiency for photosynthesis of H2 O2 with a production rate of 730 μmol g–1 h–1 in the presence of sacrificial reagent from water and oxygen via oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) pathway. Furthermore, up to 61 μmol H2 O2 could be generated from this photocatalytic system after 14 hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the palaeoenvironment of the Loess Plateau plays a key role in the researches about influences caused by the Tibetan Plateau uplift and the formation of the East Asia Monsoon (EAM). The Longxi area of the Gansu Province, northwestern China, is an ideal area to study such influences because of its unique geographical location within the transition zone among the EAM region, inland arid areas and the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Here, we present ostracods from a borehole in the Longxi area, as ostracods are one of the few micropalaeontological proxies available in freshwater sediments. The studied ostracods were assigned to 13 species of 10 genera and 9 indeterminate taxa and reported for the first time from the Linxia Formation in the studied area. The ostracod assemblage is composed entirely of non-marine taxa, including species of Ilyocypris, Cypris, Cyprinotus, Heterocypris, Eucypris, Potamocypris, Zonocypris, Candona, Pseudocandona and Leucocythere. Ostracod biostratigraphy indicates that the Linxia Formation should be Pliocene in age. Palaeoenvironmental analysis of the studied ostracod assemblages suggests that there was a permanent freshwater lake with some temporary ponds in the studied area of the Loess Plateau during the Pliocene, which shows the influences of the East Asian Summer Monsoon during the Pliocene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three pyrene‐4,5,9,10‐tetraone‐based porous aromatic frameworks (PT‐PAFs) are synthesized and their photocatalytic properties for H2O2 production are studied. It is found that the combination of pyrene‐4,5,9,10‐tetraone with anthraquinone affords an efficient PT‐PAF photocatalyst (PAF‐371) for H2O2 production, which achieves production rates of 3791 µmol g−1 h−1 (with sacrificial reagent) and 923 µmol g−1 h−1 (without sacrificial reagent) from water and oxygen under visible light irradiation. This work demonstrates that pyrene‐4,5,9,10‐tetraone molecule could be introduced into PAF materials to construct efficient organic semiconductor photocatalysts for H2O2 production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a novel application of spatial-temporal graph neural networks (ST-GNNs) to predict groundwater levels. Groundwater level prediction is inherently complex, influenced by various hydrological, meteorological, and anthropogenic factors. Traditional prediction models often struggle with the nonlinearity and non-stationary characteristics of groundwater data. Our study leverages the capabilities of ST-GNNs to address these challenges in the Overbetuwe area, Netherlands. We utilize a comprehensive dataset encompassing 395 groundwater level time series and auxiliary data such as precipitation, evaporation, river stages, and pumping well data. The graph-based framework of our ST-GNN model facilitates the integration of spatial interconnectivity and temporal dynamics, capturing the complex interactions within the groundwater system. Our modified Multivariate Time Graph Neural Network model shows significant improvements over traditional methods, particularly in handling missing data and forecasting future groundwater levels with minimal bias. The model's performance is rigorously evaluated when trained and applied with both synthetic and measured data, demonstrating superior accuracy and robustness in comparison to traditional numerical models in long-term forecasting. The study's findings highlight the potential of ST-GNNs in environmental modeling, offering a significant step forward in predictive modeling of groundwater levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyurethane has been widely studied as a lightweight reinforcing material. This paper uses two types of hollow glass microspheres to modify polyurethane in different proportions to prepare a variety of lightweight cores for reinforcing carbon fiber tubes. A quasi‐static lateral compression test was performed on the reinforced carbon fiber tube to analyze the effect of reinforcement materials on mechanical properties, failure modes and crashworthiness. The results show that BR20 reinforcement material has the best effect on enhancing the mechanical properties and crashworthiness of the structure, and its energy absorption is 3.5 times higher than that of carbon fiber tubes. Hollow glass microspheres can improve the reinforcing effect of polyurethane. Lightweight cores prepared from different types of hollow glass microspheres show different failure modes during lateral compression (polyurethane and BR60 show better ductility, and BR20 shows shear failure). The BR20 and BR60 are mixed in different proportions, the reinforced polyurethane foam reinforced carbon fiber tube can have little difference in the energy absorption. The addition of BR20 and BR60 showed a large difference in the force‐displacement curve during the compression stage. A qualitative analysis is conducted based on the effect of the total energy absorption of the structure on the reinforcement materials. Highlights: The lightweight core is prepared by hollow glass microspheres and polyurethane.Reinforcement materials enhance the lateral compression performance.Reinforcement materials enhance the crashworthiness performance.Reinforcement materials affect failure modes.The proportion of BR20 and BR60 affects the performance of the lightweight core. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While atomically precise metal nanoclusters (NCs) with unique structures and reactivity are very promising in catalysis, the spatial resistance caused by the surface ligands and structural instability poses significant challenges. In this work, Au25(Cys)18 NCs are encapsulated in multivariate metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) to afford Au25@M-MOF-74 (M = Zn, Ni, Co, Mg). By the MOF confinement, the Au25 NCs showcase highly enhanced activity and stability in the intramolecular cascade reaction of 2-nitrobenzonitrile. Notably, the interaction between the metal nodes in M-MOF-74 and Au25(Cys)18 is able to suppress the free vibration of the surface ligands on the Au25 NCs and thereby improve the accessibility of Au sites; meanwhile, the stronger interactions lead to higher electron density and core expansion within Au25(Cys)18. As a result, the activity exhibits the trend of Au25@Ni-MOF-74 > Au25@Co-MOF-74 > Au25@Zn-MOF-74 > Au25@Mg-MOF-74, highlighting the crucial roles of microenvironment modulation around the Au25 NCs by interaction between the surface ligands and MOF hosts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) provide positioning, velocity, and time services for civilian applications. A critical step in the positioning process is the acquisition of visible satellites in the sky. Modern GNSS systems, such as Galileo—developed and maintained by the European Union—utilize a new modulation technique known as Binary Offset Carrier (BOC). However, BOC signals introduce multiple side-peaks in their autocorrelation function, which can lead to significant errors during the acquisition process. In this paper, we propose a novel acquisition method based on higher-order cumulants that effectively eliminates these side-peaks. This method is capable of simultaneously acquiring both conventional ranging signals, such as GPS C/A code, and BOC-modulated signals. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through the acquisition of simulated signals, with a comparison to traditional methods. Additionally, we apply the proposed method to real satellite signals to further validate its performance. Our results show that the proposed method successfully suppresses side-peaks, improves acquisition accuracy in weak signal environments, and demonstrates potential for indoor GNSS applications. The study concludes that while the method may increase computational load, its performance in challenging conditions makes it a promising approach for future GNSS receiver designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Neonatal cardiac surgery requires careful consideration of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) priming fluid composition due to small blood volume and immature physiology. This study investigated the impact of allogeneic stored red blood cells (RBCs) processed using an autotransfusion system in CPB priming fluid for neonates. Materials and Methods: We compared perioperative parameters, inflammatory mediators, coagulation indicators, vasoactive‐inotropic score (VIS) and clinical outcomes between neonates receiving unwashed (n = 56) and washed (n = 45) RBCs in CPB priming fluid. Regression models were used to assess the independent association between RBC washing and patient outcomes. Results: The autotransfusion system improved stored RBC quality. The washed group showed higher peak haematocrit (p < 0.01) and haemoglobin levels (p = 0.04) during CPB, an increased oxygen delivery index during rewarming (p < 0.05) and lower postoperative lactate levels and VIS (p < 0.05). Inflammatory (IL‐6, IL‐8 and IL‐10) and coagulation parameters (D‐dimer, fibrinogen and fibrin degradation product) fluctuated compared with baseline but did not significantly differ between groups. The washed group had a lower incidence of hyperlactacidaemia and delayed sternal closure at CPB weaning. Conclusions: Adding washed allogeneic stored RBCs to neonatal CPB priming fluid reduced postoperative lactate elevation and VIS without early improvement in the inflammatory and coagulation systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bougainvillea spp., belonging to the Nyctaginaceae family, have high economic and horticultural value in South China. Despite the high similarity in terms of leaf appearance and hybridization among Bougainvillea species, especially Bougainvillea × buttiana, their phylogenetic relationships are very complicated and controversial. In this study, we sequenced, assembled and analyzed thirteen complete chloroplast genomes of Bougainvillea cultivars from South China, including ten B. × buttiana cultivars and three other Bougainvillea cultivars, and identified their phylogenetic relationships within the Bougainvillea genus and other species of the Nyctaginaceae family for the first time. These 13 chloroplast genomes had typical quadripartite structures, comprising a large single-copy (LSC) region (85,169–85,695 bp), a small single-copy (SSC) region (18,050–21,789 bp), and a pair of inverted-repeat (IR) regions (25,377–25,426 bp). These genomes each contained 112 different genes, including 79 protein-coding genes, 29 tRNAs and 4 rRNAs. The gene content, codon usage, simple sequence repeats (SSRs), and long repeats were essentially conserved among these 13 genomes. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertions/deletions (indels) were detected among these 13 genomes. Four divergent regions, namely, trnH-GUG_psbA, trnS-GCU_trnG-UCC-exon1, trnS-GGA_rps4, and ccsA_ndhD, were identified from the comparative analysis of 16 Bougainvillea cultivar genomes. Among the 46 chloroplast genomes of the Nyctaginaceae family, nine genes, namely, rps12, rbcL, ndhF, rpoB, rpoC2, ndhI, psbT, ycf2, and ycf3, were found to be under positive selection at the amino acid site level. Phylogenetic relationships within the Bougainvillea genus and other species of the Nyctaginaceae family based on complete chloroplast genomes and protein-coding genes revealed that the Bougainvillea genus was a sister to the Belemia genus with strong support and that 35 Bougainvillea individuals were divided into 4 strongly supported clades, namely, Clades Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ. Clade Ⅰ included 6 individuals, which contained 2 cultivars, namely, B. × buttiana 'Gautama's Red' and B. spectabilis 'Flame'. Clades Ⅱ only contained Bougainvillea spinosa. Clade Ⅲ comprised 7 individuals of wild species. Clade Ⅳ included 21 individuals and contained 11 cultivars, namely, B. × buttiana 'Mahara', B. × buttiana 'California Gold', B. × buttiana 'Double Salmon', B. × buttiana 'Double Yellow', B. × buttiana 'Los Banos Beauty', B. × buttiana 'Big Chitra', B. × buttiana 'San Diego Red', B. × buttiana 'Barbara Karst', B. glabra 'White Stripe', B. spectabilis 'Splendens' and B. × buttiana 'Miss Manila' sp. 1. In conclusion, this study not only provided valuable genome resources but also helped to identify Bougainvillea cultivars and understand the chloroplast genome evolution of the Nyctaginaceae family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to compare the aging behavior of water-based coatings and solvent-based coatings in sulfuric acid environments and to discuss the related mechanism. Design/methodology/approach: A sulfuric acid solution with a concentration of 5 Wt.% was selected for immersion test at 23°C. The failure behavior of the coating was studied by combining the transformation rules of the macroscopic morphology and basic properties with the results of electrochemical impedance spectrum analysis. Findings: The results showed that the surface smoothness of the water-based coating was lower than that of the solvent-based coating. The glossiness, thickness and hardness of the water-based coating exhibited more significant changes. The electrochemical test also indicated that the water-based coating was infiltrated by a large number of corrosive media, which may have induced corrosion under the coating. In contrast, the solvent-based coating showed good shielding properties, but the adhesion was seriously affected by the corrosive medium. Originality/value: This work clarified the difference of failure behavior and mechanism between water-based coatings and solvent-based coatings in acidic environment and provided a theoretical basis for the selection and mechanism research of anticorrosive coatings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the influence of coal rock shape, hardness, working environment and other factors in the cutting process of cantilever roadheader, the cutting head will produce irregular and violent vibration. As the rotary table of key stress components, its operation process stability, dynamic reliability and life affect the cutting efficiency and cutting stability of cantilever roadheader. In order to study the vibration characteristics of the rotary table in the cutting process, firstly, based on the theory of spatial force analysis and calculation, the spatial mechanical model of the rotary table of the cantilever roadheader is established. By solving the balance equation of the rotary table force system, the variation law of the load at the hinge ear of the rotary table with the cutting pitch angle and the horizontal angle is obtained. Secondly, based on the path transfer analysis method of working condition, the vibration data of cutting head, cutting cantilever, cutting lifting and rotary hydraulic cylinder under stable cutting condition are taken as input signals. By constructing the transfer path analysis model of rotary table working condition, the synthetic vibration of rotary table in cutting process is simulated, and the main vibration source of rotary table is determined. Then, the vibration contribution and contribution degree of each vibration excitation point to the hinge ear of rotary table are studied. By building a cutting test bench, the vibration response of rotary table in cutting process is tested to verify the correctness of the theoretical model.Thirdly, based on the frequency domain analysis method of random vibration fatigue life, combined with the S-N curve of the rotary table, the PSD curve at the maximum stress of the rotary table is obtained by modal excitation method, and the load data is imported into ANSYS nCode software to obtain the life cloud diagram and damage cloud diagram of the rotary table, and then the fatigue life of the rotary table under symmetrical cyclic load is solved. Finally, based on the response surface optimization analysis method, the maximum stress and maximum deformation of the rotary table are taken as the optimization objectives, and the aperture of each hinge ear of the rotary table is taken as the optimization variable. Based on Design Expert, a second-order regression model is established to realize the multi-objective optimization design of the key stress parts of the rotary table in the cutting process. The simulation results show that under the same cutting conditions, the maximum stress of the optimized rotary table is reduced by 15.82% year-on-year, and the maximum deformation is reduced by 24.70% year-on-year. The optimized rotary table structure can better adapt to the cutting process, which is beneficial to improve the service life of the rotary table and enhance its operation stability. The research results are beneficial to enrich the relevant research theory in the field of rotary table vibration of cantilever roadheader, and are beneficial to improve the service life of the rotary table and the efficiency of tunneling and mining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the entanglement and work statistics in a two-qubit system under periodic driving. The regulation of periodic driving offers greater versatility and universality in contrast to reservoir engineering in static systems. Our research indicates that the external drive can effectively amplify the quasi-steady state entanglement in specific parameter regimes. Furthermore, the drive extends the range of temperatures or temperature differences at which entanglement can emerge. The quasi-steady state is determined by the alteration of inter-qubit coupling and system-bath coupling due to the addition of the driving, as viewed from the effective Hamiltonian. The quasi-periodic nature of the effective Hamiltonian gives rise to the emergence of a revival island in stroboscopic entanglement under certain driving conditions and temperatures. We have also investigated the work statistics of the driven system, which acts as a continuous quantum thermal machine and outputs work continuously and steadily at the quasi-steady state. By changing the driving, there is a distinct operation of modes and corresponding performance. The effective Hamiltonian is changed by the drive, which in turn changes the modes of energy exchange between the system and the baths as well as the work reservoir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Globally, breast cancer in women is the fifth leading cause of cancer death. There is an urgent need to explore the molecular mechanism of breast cancer proliferation and metastasis. Method: TCGA database analysis was used to analyze genes expression in breast cancer and normal samples and the association between gene expression and prognosis. Immunohistochemical staining, qPCR and western blotting was sued to detected gene expression. The cell function tests were conducted to investigate the effects of TEX19 and CDK4 with abnormal expression on cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, cell cycle, and colony formation. Bioinformatics analysis methods combined with CHX tracking experiment and Co-IP experiment were performed to screen and verify the downstream molecule and regulatory mechanism of TEX19. Besides, subcutaneous tumorigenesis model in nude mice was constructed. Results: TEX19 was significantly upregulated in breast cancer, and the TEX19 level was related to tumor invasion and prognosis. TEX19 knockdown inhibited the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells, increased cell apoptosis, and blocked the cell cycle in the G2 phase. Besides, TEX19 suppressed the growth of tumors in the body. Mechanically, TEX19 upregulated the level of CDK4 protein, which depended on the E3 ubiquitin ligase SKP2. Specifically, TEX19 knockdown and SKP2 protein overexpression destroyed the stability of CDK4 protein and enhanced the ubiquitination of CDK4 protein. Additionally, CDK4 knockdown inhibited the proliferation, migration, and colony formation of breast cancer cells, and alleviated the promotion of TEX19 overexpression on the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cell. Conclusion: TEX19 and CDK4 were upregulated in breast cancer, and TEX19 increased the level of CDK4 protein by influencing SKP2-mediated ubiquitination of CDK4, thereby promoting the progression of breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, visible‐light‐induced metal‐free three‐component amidoheteroarylation of alkenes with quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones and N‐sulfonylaminopyridinium salts is developed. This protocol involves a radical relay process in which the N‐centered radicals undergo chemoselective addition to alkenes to form an alkyl radical that selectively combines with heteroarenes, leading to the formation of C−C and C−N bonds in one step under mild reaction conditions. The involved high efficiency and selectivity, wide substrate scope, and excellent functional‐group compatibility demonstrate the practicability of the developed protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 variants capable of breakthrough infections have attracted global attention. These variants have significant mutations in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein and the membrane (M) protein, which may imply an enhanced ability to evade immune responses. In this study, an examination of co-mutations within the spike RBD and their potential correlation with mutations in the M protein was conducted. The EVmutation method was utilized to analyze the distribution of the mutations to elucidate the relationship between the mutations in the spike RBD and the alterations in the M protein. Additionally, the Sequence-to-Sequence Transformer Model (S2STM) was employed to establish mapping between the amino acid sequences of the spike RBD and M proteins, offering a novel and efficient approach for streamlined sequence analysis and the exploration of their interrelationship. Certain mutations in the spike RBD, G339D-S373P-S375F and Q493R-Q498R-Y505, are associated with a heightened propensity for inducing mutations at specific sites within the M protein, especially sites 3 and 19/63. These results shed light on the concept of mutational synergy between the spike RBD and M proteins, illuminating a potential mechanism that could be driving the evolution of SARS-CoV-2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) into Schwann‐like cells (SCLCs) has the potential to promote the structural and functional restoration of injured axons. However, the optimal induction protocol and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of different induction protocols in promoting the differentiation of rat BMSCs into SCLCs and to explore their potential mechanisms. BMSCs were induced using two distinct methods: a composite factor induction approach (Protocol‐1) and a conditioned culture medium induction approach (Protocol‐2). The expression of Schwann cells (SCs) marker proteins and neurotrophic factors (NTFs) in the differentiated cells was assessed. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were also measured. During induction, changes in miR‐21 and Sprouty RTK signaling antagonist 2 (SPRY2) mRNA were analyzed. Following the transfection of BMSCs with miR‐21 agomir or miR‐21 antagomir, induction was carried out using both protocols, and the expression of SPRY2, ERK1/2, and SCs marker proteins was examined. The results revealed that NTFs expression was higher in Protocol‐1, whereas SCs marker proteins expression did not significantly differ between the two groups. Compared to Protocol‐1, Protocol‐2 exhibited enhanced cell proliferation and fewer apoptotic and necrotic cells. Both protocols showed a negative correlation between miR‐21 and SPRY2 expression throughout the induction stages. After induction, the miR‐21 agomir group exhibited reduced SPRY2 expression, increased ERK1/2 expression, and significantly elevated expression of SCs marker proteins. This study demonstrates that Protocol‐1 yields higher NTFs expression, whereas Protocol‐2 results in stronger SCLCs proliferation. Upregulating miR‐21 suppresses SPRY2 expression, activates the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, and promotes BMSC differentiation into SCLCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atomically precise metal nanoclusters (NCs) with unique optical properties and abundant catalytic sites are promising in photocatalysis. However, their light‐induced instability and the difficulty of utilizing the photogenerated carriers for photocatalysis pose significant challenges. Here, MAg24 (M=Ag, Pd, Pt, and Au) NCs doped with diverse single heteroatoms have been encapsulated in a metal–organic framework (MOF), UiO‐66‐NH2, affording MAg24@UiO‐66‐NH2. Strikingly, compared with Ag25@UiO‐66‐NH2, the MAg24@UiO‐66‐NH2 doped with heteroatom exhibits much enhanced activity in photocatalytic hydrogen production, among which AuAg24@UiO‐66‐NH2 presents the best activity up to 3.6 mmol g−1 h−1, far superior to all other counterparts. Moreover, they display excellent photocatalytic recyclability and stability. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy demonstrate that MAg24 NCs encapsulated into the MOF create a favorable charge transfer pathway, similar to a Z‐scheme heterojunction, when exposed to visible light. This promotes charge separation, along with optimized Ag electronic state, which are responsible for the superior activity in photocatalytic hydrogen production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atomically precise metal nanoclusters (NCs) with unique optical properties and abundant catalytic sites are promising in photocatalysis. However, their light‐induced instability and the difficulty of utilizing the photogenerated carriers for photocatalysis pose significant challenges. Here, MAg24 (M=Ag, Pd, Pt, and Au) NCs doped with diverse single heteroatoms have been encapsulated in a metal–organic framework (MOF), UiO‐66‐NH2, affording MAg24@UiO‐66‐NH2. Strikingly, compared with Ag25@UiO‐66‐NH2, the MAg24@UiO‐66‐NH2 doped with heteroatom exhibits much enhanced activity in photocatalytic hydrogen production, among which AuAg24@UiO‐66‐NH2 presents the best activity up to 3.6 mmol g−1 h−1, far superior to all other counterparts. Moreover, they display excellent photocatalytic recyclability and stability. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy demonstrate that MAg24 NCs encapsulated into the MOF create a favorable charge transfer pathway, similar to a Z‐scheme heterojunction, when exposed to visible light. This promotes charge separation, along with optimized Ag electronic state, which are responsible for the superior activity in photocatalytic hydrogen production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] The high activity barriers of Li 2 S nucleation and deposition limit the redox reaction kinetics of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs), meanwhile, the significant shuttle effect of LiPSs hampers the advancement of Li-S batteries (LSBs). In this work, a NiSe 2 /CoSe 2 -rGO (NiSe 2 /CoSe 2 -G) sulfur host with bifunctional catalytic activity was prepared through a hard template method. Electrochemical experiment results confirm that the combination of NiSe 2 and CoSe 2 not only facilitates the bidirectional catalytic function during charge and discharge processes, but also increases the active sites toward LiPSs adsorption. Simultaneously, the highly conductive rGO network enhances the electronic conductivity of NiSe 2 /CoSe 2 -G/S and provides convenience for loading NiSe 2 /CoSe 2 catalysts. Benefitting from the exceptional catalytic-adsorption capability of NiSe 2 /CoSe 2 and the presence of rGO, the NiSe 2 /CoSe 2 -G/S electrode exhibits excellent electrochemical properties. At 1C, it demonstrates a low capacity attenuation of 0.087 % per cycle during 500 cycles. The electrode can maintain a discharge capacity of 927 mAh/g at a sulfur loading of 3.3 mg cm−2. The bidirectional catalytic activity of NiSe 2 /CoSe 2 -G offers a prospective approach to expedite the redox reactions of active S, meanwhile, this work also offers an ideal approach for designing efficient S hosts for LSBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Luminescent ferroelectrics are holding exciting prospect for integrated photoelectronic devices due to potential light‐polarization interactions at electron scale. Integrating ferroelectricity and long‐lived afterglow emission in a single material would offer new possibilities for fundamental research and applications, however, related reports have been a blank to date. For the first time, we here achieved the combination of notable ferroelectricity and afterglow emission in an organic‐inorganic hybrid material. Remarkably, the presented (4‐methylpiperidium)CdCl3 also shows noticeable antiferroelectric behavior. The implementation of cationic customization and halogen engineering not only enables a dramatic enhancement of Curie temperature of 114.4 K but also brings a record longest emission lifetime up to 117.11 ms under ambient conditions, realizing a leapfrog improvement of at least two orders of magnitude compared to reported hybrid ferroelectrics so far. This finding would herald the emergence of novel application potential, such as multi‐level density data storage or multifunctional sensors, towards the future integrated optoelectronic devices with multitasking capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Luminescent ferroelectrics are holding exciting prospect for integrated photoelectronic devices due to potential light‐polarization interactions at electron scale. Integrating ferroelectricity and long‐lived afterglow emission in a single material would offer new possibilities for fundamental research and applications, however, related reports have been a blank to date. For the first time, we here achieved the combination of notable ferroelectricity and afterglow emission in an organic‐inorganic hybrid material. Remarkably, the presented (4‐methylpiperidium)CdCl3 also shows noticeable antiferroelectric behavior. The implementation of cationic customization and halogen engineering not only enables a dramatic enhancement of Curie temperature of 114.4 K but also brings a record longest emission lifetime up to 117.11 ms under ambient conditions, realizing a leapfrog improvement of at least two orders of magnitude compared to reported hybrid ferroelectrics so far. This finding would herald the emergence of novel application potential, such as multi‐level density data storage or multifunctional sensors, towards the future integrated optoelectronic devices with multitasking capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is devoted to introducing and investigating the bounded variation capacity and the perimeter in the abstract Wiener space X, thereby discovering some related inequalities. Functions of bounded variation in an abstract Wiener space X have been studied by many scholars. As the continuation of this research, we define the corresponding BV capacity cap H ⁡ (⋅) (now called abstract Wiener BV capacity) and investigate its properties. We also investigate some properties of sets of finite γ-perimeter, with γ being a Gaussian measure. Subsequently, the isocapacitary inequality associated with cap H ⁡ (⋅) is presented and we are able to show that it is equivalent to the Gaussian isoperimetric inequality. Finally, we prove that every set of finite γ-perimeter in X has mean curvature in L 1 ⁢ (X , γ) . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, efforts have been made to include tides in both operational ocean models as well as climate and earth system models. The accuracy of the barotropic tides is often limited by the model topography, which is in turn limited by model horizontal resolution. In this work, we explore the reduction of barotropic tidal errors in an ocean general circulation model (Modular Ocean Model version 6; MOM6) using sub‐grid scale topography representation. We follow the methodology from Adcroft (2013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2013.03.002), which utilizes statistics from finer resolution topographic data sets to represent sub‐grid scale features with a light computational cost in a structured finite volume formulation. The geometric effect from sub‐grid scale topography can be introduced to the model with only a few parameters at each grid cell. The porous barriers, which are implemented at the walls of the grid cells, are used to modify transport between grid cells. Our results show that the globally averaged tidal error in lower‐resolution simulations is significantly reduced with the use of porous barriers. We argue this method is a potentially useful tool to improve simulations of tides (and other flows) in low‐resolution simulations. Plain Language Summary: In recent years, significant attention has been given to simulating tides in diverse ocean and climate models, because of the roles of tides in impacting sea levels. In order to better predict future sea level changes, it is therefore essential to improve the accuracy of surface tides simulated in numerical ocean models. One known source of errors that could impact the accuracy of modeled tides stems from the accuracy of ocean topography in the models, which relies on how many grid boxes (i.e., model resolution) are used to represent the complicated seafloor elevations. The model's resolution, however, is often constrained by the efficiency of computations. Our objective in this study is to enhance the portrayal of ocean topography at a given resolution to minimize tidal errors. To achieve this, we employ a technique known as "porous barriers," which uses approximations to mimic the effects of ocean topography that would be omitted in the models, without imposing significant computational burdens. Our findings demonstrate that this technique of porous barriers can substantially reduce tidal errors in our ocean model. We also expect a wider application of this technique to numerous other physical processes within the ocean. Key Points: The accuracy of tides in ocean models is affected by the representation of topography, which is constrained by model horizontal resolutionThe geometric effect of the sub‐grid scale topographic features can be approximated in the model with the porous barriersThe porous barriers can significantly reduce globally averaged errors for barotropic tides [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unhealthy aging poses a global challenge with profound healthcare and socioeconomic implications. Slowing down the aging process offers a promising approach to reduce the burden of a number of age-related diseases, such as dementia, and promoting healthy longevity in the old population. In response to the challenge of the aging population and with a view to the future, Norway and the United Kingdom are fostering collaborations, supported by a "Money Follows Cooperation agreement" between the 2 nations. The inaugural Norway–UK joint meeting on aging and dementia gathered leading experts on aging and dementia from the 2 nations to share their latest discoveries in related fields. Since aging is an international challenge, and to foster collaborations, we also invited leading scholars from 11 additional countries to join this event. This report provides a summary of the conference, highlighting recent progress on molecular aging mechanisms, genetic risk factors, DNA damage and repair, mitophagy, autophagy, as well as progress on a series of clinical trials (eg, using NAD+ precursors). The meeting facilitated dialogue among policymakers, administrative leaders, researchers, and clinical experts, aiming to promote international research collaborations and to translate findings into clinical applications and interventions to advance healthy aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Emerging evidence suggests the potential relationship between vitamin D deficiency and risk of cognitive impairment or dementia. To what extent the excess risk of dementia conferred by vitamin D deficiency is less clear. Objective: We summarized the current evidence from several aspects and further quantified these associations. Methods: We collected relevant prospective cohort studies by searching PubMed, Embase and Cochrane up to July 2023. The pooled relative risks (RR) were evaluated by random-effects models. Dose-response analyses were conducted by the method of two-stage generalized least squares regression. Results: Of 9,267 identified literatures, 23 were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analyses, among which 9 and 4 literatures were included in the dose-response analyses for the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Vitamin D deficiency exhibited a 1.42 times risk for dementia (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.21–1.65) and a 1.57-fold excess risk for AD (95% CI = 1.15–2.14). And vitamin D deficiency was associated with 34% elevated risk with cognitive impairment (95% CI = 1.19–1.52). Additionally, vitamin D was non-linearly related to the risk of dementia (pnonlinearity = 0.0000) and AD (pnonlinearity = 0.0042). The approximate 77.5–100 nmol/L 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was optimal for reducing dementia risk. And the AD risk seemed to be decreased when the 25(OH)D level >40.1 nmol/L. Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency was a risk factor for dementia, AD, and cognitive impairment. The nonlinear relationships may further provide the optimum dose of 25(OH)D for dementia prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selective isomerization of terminal olefins to afford new internal olefins is an atom economic reaction that is usually catalysed by metal catalysts. Here, we present a tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane [B(C6F5)3]-catalysed isomerization of olefins. Linear α-olefins are converted to 2-olefins in high yields with unsatisfactory stereoselectivity under the applied reaction conditions. At the same time, the biorelevant phenylpropenoid products can be obtained with high regio- and stereoselectivity from the isomerization of allylbenzenes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-agent cooperation, pooling innovative resources, helps to develop key technologies and major projects in enterprises. However, the multi-agent cooperation of enterprises makes the cooperative relationship unstable, and behaviours such as moral hazard, spillover of technology or information are more likely to occur, thereby increasing the risk of enterprises. In this research an enterprise R&D cooperative evolutionary game model is built to investigate the influence of Network externalities on enterprise R&D cooperation in innovation networks. Furthermore, the evolution of innovative network structure of game results is simulated by means of computer technology so that the effects of network externalities on corporation degree, agglomeration and network structure are analyzed. The results show that Network externalities led to a decrease of cooperated partners, a decline in cooperation degree and agglomeration of enterprises, and a shrinking enterprise R&D cooperation tendency. The influence of network externalities shows significant structural differences in the three types of enterprise networks: the degree of enterprise cooperation and agglomeration fluctuates greatly in the scale-free network, but slightly in the small-world network and the random network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Cavernous sinus invasion (CSI) plays a pivotal role in determining management in pituitary adenomas. The study aimed to develop a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model to diagnose CSI in multiple centers. Methods: A total of 729 cases were retrospectively obtained in five medical centers with (n = 543) or without CSI (n = 186) from January 2011 to December 2021. The CNN model was trained using T1-enhanced MRI from two pituitary centers of excellence (n = 647). The other three municipal centers (n = 82) as the external testing set were imported to evaluate the model performance. The area-under-the-receiver-operating-characteristic-curve values (AUC-ROC) analyses were employed to evaluate predicted performance. Gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) was used to determine models' regions of interest. Results: The CNN model achieved high diagnostic accuracy (0.89) in identifying CSI in the external testing set, with an AUC-ROC value of 0.92 (95% CI, 0.88–0.97), better than CSI clinical predictor of diameter (AUC-ROC: 0.75), length (AUC-ROC: 0.80), and the three kinds of dichotomizations of the Knosp grading system (AUC-ROC: 0.70–0.82). In cases with Knosp grade 3A (n = 24, CSI rate, 0.35), the accuracy the model accounted for 0.78, with sensitivity and specificity values of 0.72 and 0.78, respectively. According to the Grad-CAM results, the views of the model were confirmed around the sellar region with CSI. Conclusions: The deep learning model is capable of accurately identifying CSI and satisfactorily able to localize CSI in multicenters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: FoxO1 is an important target in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, FoxO1‐specific agonists and their effects on AD have not yet been reported. This study aimed to identify small molecules that upregulate the activity of FoxO1 to attenuate the symptoms of AD. Methods: FoxO1 agonists were identified by in silico screening and molecular dynamics simulation. Western blotting and reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays were used to assess protein and gene expression levels of P21, BIM, and PPARγ downstream of FoxO1 in SH‐SY5Y cells, respectively. Western blotting and enzyme‐linked immunoassays were performed to explore the effect of FoxO1 agonists on APP metabolism. Results: N‐(3‐methylisothiazol‐5‐yl)‐2‐(2‐oxobenzo[d]oxazol‐3(2H)‐yl) acetamide (compound D) had the highest affinity for FoxO1. Compound D activated FoxO1 and regulated the expression of its downstream target genes, P21, BIM, and PPARγ. In SH‐SY5Y cells treated with compound D, BACE1 expression levels were downregulated, and the levels of Aβ1‐40 and Aβ1‐42 were also reduced. Conclusions: We present a novel small‐molecule FoxO1 agonist with good anti‐AD effects. This study highlights a promising strategy for new drug discovery for AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the biological effects of arctigenin on B16-F10 melanoma cells in vitro and to explore its mechanism. B16-F10 melanoma cells in vitro were treated with the blank control solution and arctigenin solution of different concentrations, respectively. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were analyzed using the CCK-8 assay and cell loss assay, and the effect of arctigenin on melanoma cell proliferation was evaluated. Western blot was used to analyze the expression of BCL-2 protein and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the cells of different groups and to explore the mechanism of action of arctigenin. The proliferation rate of B16-F10 melanoma cells treated with arctigenin solutions was significantly lower than that of the blank control group (P <.05), and the proliferation rate decreased with increasing concentration of arctigenin. The apoptosis rate of B16-F10 melanoma cells treated with arctigenin solutions was significantly higher than that of the blank control group (P <.05), and the apoptosis rate increased with increasing concentration of arctigenin. The expression levels of BCL-2 and VEGF in B16-F10 melanoma cells treated with arctigenin solutions were significantly lower than those in the blank control group (P <.05), and the expression levels decreased as the concentration of arctigenin increased. Arctigenin can inhibit the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of melanoma cells, and the mechanism may be associated with decreasing the expression of BCL-2 and VEGF in melanoma cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The behaviors of droplets impinging on superhydrophobic surfaces have received much attention from industry and academia due to potential applications such as anti-icing, spray cooling, and self-cleaning. Previous studies have shown that the superhydrophobic surfaces can significantly reduce contact time and thus effectively suppress surface icing and condensation phenomena. In this paper, the bouncing behaviors of droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces decorated with cross ridges were investigated using numerical simulations and theoretical analysis. The effect of cross-ridge structures with different pinch angles and droplets with different Weber numbers on droplet bouncing behaviors was investigated using the volume-of-fluid method. The results showed that the solid–liquid contact time was shortest when the angle between the two ridges was 75°. Compared to droplet bouncing on a smooth surface, the contact time was reduced by up to 30% for complete bouncing behaviors and up to 68% for broken bouncing behaviors. As the angle decreased, the ratio of spreading areas between child droplet sizes increased exponentially. The momentum of the smaller child droplet decreased until it was no longer generated. A theoretical analysis based on energy conservation was also performed. A theoretical equation was proposed to predict the maximum spreading coefficient. The maximum error was less than 10% for the experimental and numerical results compared to the predicted results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The woven lattice truss sandwich panels (WLTSPs) have been studied much, and this article proposes a new structure (curved woven lattice truss sandwich [CWLTS] panels). CWLTS were designed, made, and tested. The foam‐filling technique was applied to strengthen the CWLTS. Curving and foam‐filling effects to the deformation, damage, failure, and energy absorption under cylindrical and plated loadings were revealed by three‐point bending experiments. Under cylindrical loading, foam‐filling can effectively increase the load capacity, especially the CWLTS‐A. The load‐bearing capacity of the plated loading is greater than that of the cylindrical loading, and the phenomenon is significantly improved after foam filling, except for the central angle of 60° and the CWLTS‐A of 44.05°. Foam‐filling changes failure from core‐shearing to face fracture. For foam‐filled panels, the change in loading pattern results in energy absorption increase of 2.45 times for CWLTS‐B and 2.86 times for CWLTS‐A. Plated loading approximately doubles the peak load and energy absorption with two plastic hinges. The effect of foam filling on the mean crush force of the CWLTS plated loading is greater. The mechanical and energy absorption properties of the CWLTS can be improved by changing the loading mode and using foam filling, effectively increasing the applicability. Highlights: Curved woven lattice truss sandwich panels were designed, made, and tested.Foam‐filling method greatly improves the bearing capacity of the CWLTS panels.Plated loading much increases the bearing capacity and energy absorption.The impact of curvature on mechanical performances is not immediately apparent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A multi-disciplinary optimization design method for permanent magnet synchronous generators based on thermal modeling is proposed in this paper. The complex coupling among the thermal, electromagnetic, and mechanical systems and the difficulties in optimization with conflicting objectives of multiple disciplines has been studied. Firstly, a multi-disciplinary design optimization model is established based on the coupling relationships between the thermal, electromagnetic, and mechanical performance of permanent magnet synchronous generators. Then, optimization objectives are set as low temperature-rise, low volume and weight, and sizeable electromagnetic size. The critical parameters in the thermal, electromagnetic, and mechanical systems of the generators are considered decision variables. The particle swarm optimization algorithm is selected as a multi-objective problem-solving algorithm to support the multi-disciplinary optimization of thermal motor design. Based on thermal modeling, a high disciplinary coupling and high physical fidelity concept design method for aerospace permanent magnet synchronous generators is presented. This conceptual design method can effectively reduce the design cost of aerospace generators, shorten the development cycle, and promote the design and development of aerospace permanent magnet generators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite demonstrating exceptional inversion production for synthetic data, the application of deep learning (DL) inversion methods to invert realistic magnetotelluric (MT) measurements, which are inevitably contaminated by noise in acquisition, poses a significant challenge. Hence, to facilitate DL inversion for realistic MT measurements, this work explores developing a noise-robust MT DL inversion method by generating targeted noisy training datasets and constructing a physics-informed neural network. Different from most previous works that only considered the noise of one fixed distribution and level, we propose three noise injection strategies and compare their combinations to mitigate the adverse effect of measurement noise on MT DL inversion results: (1) add synthetic relative noise obeying Gaussian distribution; (2) propose a multiwindow Savitzky–Golay (MWSG) filtering scheme to extract potential and possible noise from the target field data and then introduce them into training data; (3) create an augmented training dataset based on the former two strategies. Moreover, we employ the powerful Swin Transformer as the backbone network to construct a U-shaped DL model (SwinTUNet), based on which a physics-informed SwinTUNet (PISwinTUNet) is implemented to further enhance its generalization ability. In synthetic examples, the proposed noise injection strategies demonstrate impressive inversion effects, regardless of whether they are contaminated by familiar or unfamiliar noise. In a field example, the combination of three strategies drives PISwinTUNet to produce considerably faithful reconstructions for subsurface resistivity structures and outperform the classical deterministic Occam inversions. The experimental results show that the proposed noise-robust DL inversion method based on the noise injection strategies and physics-informed DL architecture holds great promise in processing MT field data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the modification of red clay with calcium carbonate. The pore distribution was obtained using a combination of mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. The influence of calcium carbonate content, density, confining pressure, and shear strain on the pores was studied. Introducing pore classification to assess the extent of the damage under different conditions and the relationship between different types of pores. The results show that the content of added calcium carbonate has little effect on pore distribution when the density is low (1.4 and 1.5 g/cm3). The content of calcium carbonate has an influence on pore distribution when the density is high (1.6 g/cm3). With the density increases, the number of macropores and mesopores between soil particles decreases, while the small pores increase. The confining pressure results in the preferential drainage of free water from macropores. The porosity decreases as the confining pressure increases. Under the same confining pressure, as the shear strain increases, the large pores decrease while the small pores increase. Based on the analysis of damage degree, the shear strain is positively linearly related to the damage degree of intragranular mesopores, which forms a convex function relationship with intragranular macropores and intergranular mesopores (except under a confining pressure of 100 kPa). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Since 2002, the Chinese Ministry of Education has conducted reform in the physical education (PE) curriculums of schools in China, with a focus on shifting from sports skills to regular participation in physical activity (PA) and promoting health. The aim of the study, therefore, is to examine the effects of school PE on the exercise habits of children and adolescents in China over time. METHODS: Data based on 5941 observations of 3708 individuals aged 6 to 17 were collected from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) for the period 2004 to 2015. The data were analyzed using the fixed‐effect Logit model and the random‐effect Tobit model. RESULTS: The likelihood of exercising outside of school is 20.2% higher for students who have school PE than those who do not. Our study found that increasing the duration of PE at school by 100%, increases the duration of out‐of‐school PA by 22.3%. The variety of the types of sports schools offer encourages students to participate in out‐of‐school physical activity. The likelihood of students exercising outside of school increases by 5.6% when 1 more exercise type is provided in school PE. In addition, soccer, basketball, badminton, and volleyball education increases students' participation in after‐school exercises. Soccer and basketball education, in particular, improves the duration of after‐school PA. CONCLUSIONS: To form exercise habits in children and adolescents, we encourage the promotion of a variety of physical activities in schools, especially team sports such as soccer and basketball. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While undergoing structural deformation, DNA experiences changes in the interactions between its internal base pairs, presenting challenges to conventional elastic methods. To address this, we propose the Discrete Critical State (DCS) model in this paper. This model combines surface discrete frame theory with gauge theory and Landau phase transition theory to investigate DNA's structural deformation, phase transitions, and chirality. Notably, the DCS model considers both the internal interactions within DNA and formulates an overall equation using unified physical and geometric parameters. By employing the discrete frame, we derive the evolution of physical quantities along the helical axis of DNA, including geodesic curvature, geodesic torsion, and others. Our findings indicate that B-DNA has a significantly lower free energy density compared to Z-DNA, which is in agreement with experimental observations. This research reveals that the direction of base pairs is primarily governed by the geodesic curve within the helical plane, aligning closely with the orientation of the base pairs. Moreover, the geodesic curve has a profound influence on the arrangement of base pairs at the microscopic level and effectively regulates the configuration and geometry of DNA through macroscopic-level free energy considerations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastric cancer (GC) is a pressing global clinical issue, with few treatment options and a poor prognosis. The onset and spread of stomach cancer are significantly influenced by changes in lipid metabolism-related pathways. This study aimed to discover a predictive signature for GC using lipid metabolism-related genes (LMRGs) and examine its correlation with the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Transcriptome data and clinical information from patients with GC were collected from the TCGA and GEO databases. Data from GC samples were analyzed using both bulk RNA-seq and single-cell sequencing of RNA (scRNA-seq). To identify survival-related differentially expressed LMRGs (DE-LMRGs), differential expression and prognosis studies were carried out. We built a predictive signature using LASSO regression and tested it on the TCGA and GSE84437 datasets. In addition, the correlation of the prognostic signature with the TIME was comprehensively analyzed. In this study, we identified 258 DE-LMRGs in GC and further screened seven survival-related DE-LMRGs. The results of scRNA-seq identified 688 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the three branches. Two critical genes (GPX3 and NNMT) were identified using the above two gene groups. In addition, a predictive risk score that relies on GPX3 and NNMT was developed. Survival studies in both the TCGA and GEO datasets revealed that patients categorized to be at low danger had a significantly greater prognosis than those identified to be at high danger. Additionally, by employing calibration plots based on TCGA data, the study demonstrated the substantial predictive capacity of a prognostic nomogram, which incorporated a risk score along with various clinical factors. Within the high-risk group, there was a noticeable abundance of active natural killer (NK) cells, quiescent monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and activated CD4 + T cells. In summary, a two-gene signature and a predictive nomogram have been developed, offering accurate prognostic predictions for general survival in GC patients. These findings have the potential to assist healthcare professionals in making informed medical decisions and providing personalized treatment approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sudden water inrush disasters in long, deeply buried tunnels in karst regions not only seriously threaten the safety of tunnel engineering structures but are also geological disasters that are difficult to prevent and control. To achieve efficient and rapid treatment of water inrush disasters in tunnels by in-depth analysis of the causal mechanism of sudden water inrush in a long, deeply buried tunnel, an efficient treatment countermeasure, grouting plugging materials, and control measures of slurry leakage are developed. The results show that faults and fractured evaporite solution breccia are highly water permeable, and the excavation of a tunnel disrupts the groundwater flow direction. Gravity causes groundwater to gather in the weakest part of the tunnel, causing a water inrush disaster. To prevent a tunnel water inrush disaster, the countermeasure treatment of pretreatment with plugging of the water inrush site, grouting pre-reinforcement, water inrush plugging, and local reinforcement is proposed. Plugging materials suitable for the different characteristics of water inrush have been developed. These materials have a good effect on the narrowing and plugging of water inrush points. Shallow plugging techniques are proposed for the phenomenon of slurry leakage in the treatment process of water inrush disasters. Field displacement monitoring and similar engineering applications verify the effectiveness of the treatment countermeasures and grouting materials. This work provides a reference for the treatment of tunnel water inrush disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Rare variants of CCNK (cyclin K) give rise to a syndrome with intellectual disability. The purpose of this study was to describe the genotype–phenotype spectrum of CCNK‐related syndrome and the underlying molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis. Methods: We identified a number of de novo CCNK variants in unrelated patients. We generated patient‐induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and neural progenitor cells (NPCs) as disease models. In addition, we constructed NPC‐specific Ccnk knockout (KO) mice and performed molecular and morphological analyses. Results: We identified 2 new patients harboring CCNK missense variants and followed‐up 3 previous reported patients, which constitute the largest patient population analysis of the disease. We demonstrate that both the patient‐derived NPC models and the Ccnk KO mouse displayed deficient NPC proliferation and enhanced apoptotic cell death. RNA sequencing analyses of these NPC models uncovered transcriptomic signatures unique to CCNK‐related syndrome, revealing significant changes in genes, including WNT5A, critical for progenitor proliferation and cell death. Further, to confirm WNT5A's role, we conducted rescue experiments using NPC and mouse models. We found that a Wnt5a inhibitor significantly increased proliferation and reduced apoptosis in NPCs derived from patients with CCNK‐related syndrome and NPCs in the developing cortex of Ccnk KO mice. Interpretation: We discussed the genotype–phenotype relationship of CCNK‐related syndrome. Importantly, we demonstrated that CCNK plays critical roles in NPC proliferation and NPC apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. Together, our study highlights that Wnt5a may serve as a promising therapeutic target for the disease intervention. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:1136–1154 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experimental study is conducted to explore the high-amplitude effect on Richtmyer–Meshkov instability (RMI) at a single-mode heavy–light interface. A wide range of scaled initial amplitude (ka0, where k and a0 are perturbation wavenumber and initial amplitude, respectively) is considered. Qualitatively, nonstandard (standard) indirect phase inversion occurs in experiments with high (low and moderate) ka0. The nonstandard indirect phase inversion exhibits a complex process, and the interface mixing width does not reduce to near zero. Quantitatively, the linear model poorly (accurately) predicts the post-phase-inversion linear amplitude growth rate when ka0 is high (low and moderate). Additionally, a representative theoretical reduction factor fortuitously evaluates the high-amplitude effect on the post-phase-inversion linear amplitude growth rate well. The high-amplitude effect significantly alters the nonlinear evolution law, which differs from the case of RMI at a light–heavy interface. None of the considered nonlinear models can accurately predict the amplitude evolution under all ka0 conditions, regardless of whether their expressions are related to ka0 or not. Based on the current experimental results, an empirical nonlinear model is proposed to describe RMI at a single-mode heavy–light interface across a wide range of ka0 conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Chronic wounds are wounds that are not healed or have no healing tendency for more than 1 month due to various factors. In clinical nursing, chronic wounds are often not properly treated, and the treatment efficiency is low. Therefore, it is very important to explore effective methods to deal with chronic wounds. Objective: To explore the effect of a self‐made negative pressure suction device (NPSD) in the nursing of chronic wounds in the elderly. Methods: A total of 50 elderly patients with chronic wounds who were hospitalised in our hospital from January 2020 to December 2022 were selected as participants by convenient sampling. According to the random number table method, they were divided into a control group and an observation group, with 25 people in each group. The control group was treated with chloroplast foam dressing, debridement gel and alginate dressing. The observation group was treated with a self‐made NPSD on the basis of the control group. The wound healing of the two groups was observed. Results: After the intervention of the self‐made NPSD, the granulation tissue coverage rate and wound volume reduction rate of the observation group were significantly increased (p < 0.05), and the positive rate of bacterial infection was significantly decreased (p < 0.05). After 3 months of intervention, the total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (χ2 = 3.869, p = 0.0492). Conclusion: The self‐made NPSD can effectively promote the healing of a chronic wound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]