Analysis of the Catastrophe Mechanism and Treatment Countermeasures of a Sudden Water Inrush Disaster in a Long and Deeply Buried Tunnel in the Karst Area.

Sudden water inrush disasters in long, deeply buried tunnels in karst regions not only seriously threaten the safety of tunnel engineering structures but are also geological disasters that are difficult to prevent and control. To achieve efficient and rapid treatment of water inrush disasters in tunnels by in-depth analysis of the causal mechanism of sudden water inrush in a long, deeply buried tunnel, an efficient treatment countermeasure, grouting plugging materials, and control measures of slurry leakage are developed. The results show that faults and fractured evaporite solution breccia are highly water permeable, and the excavation of a tunnel disrupts the groundwater flow direction. Gravity causes groundwater to gather in the weakest part of the tunnel, causing a water inrush disaster. To prevent a tunnel water inrush disaster, the countermeasure treatment of pretreatment with plugging of the water inrush site, grouting pre-reinforcement, water inrush plugging, and local reinforcement is proposed. Plugging materials suitable for the different characteristics of water inrush have been developed. These materials have a good effect on the narrowing and plugging of water inrush points. Shallow plugging techniques are proposed for the phenomenon of slurry leakage in the treatment process of water inrush disasters. Field displacement monitoring and similar engineering applications verify the effectiveness of the treatment countermeasures and grouting materials. This work provides a reference for the treatment of tunnel water inrush disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]