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Electrolyte-supported solid oxide electrochemical cells (SOCs) offer advantages in terms of easier fabrication and enhanced mechanical properties, but achieving high performance and multifunctionality remains challenging. In this study, we develop high-performance and versatile electrolyte-supported SOCs using La 0.9 Sr 0.1 Ga 0.8 Mg 0.2 O 3-δ (LSGM) electrolyte materials through microstructural engineering of Sr 2 Fe 1.5 Mo 0.5 O 6-δ (SFM)-based fuel electrodes. We evaluate the cells for power generation, hydrogen production, and carbon dioxide reduction, showcasing the diverse potential of various fuel electrode configurations. Among these, the impregnated SFM@LSGM electrode achieves the best overall performance, with a maximum power density of 739 mW cm−2 in fuel-cell mode, a current density of −0.81 A cm−2 at 1.3 V during steam electrolysis, and an unprecedented current density of −1.92 A cm−2 at 1.5 V in CO₂ electrolysis. Furthermore, it exhibits satisfactory stability across all operational modes. These findings provide valuable insights into the design of versatile electrolyte-supported SOCs and open new possibilities for their flexible applications in future low-carbon energy systems. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Muskrats' scented glands atrophy with the arrival of non-breeding periods, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Programmed cell death (PCD) is an important pathway of cell death that is closely related to the stability of the intracellular environment and the occurrence of diseases. Our research indicates that the expression levels of various apoptosis-and pyroptosis-related genes increase during the atrophy of muskrats' scented glands. Therefore, we believe that apoptosis and pyroptosis may be involved in the rapid atrophy of muskrats' scented glands during the non-breeding period. The muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) is an animal with special economic significance whose scented glands rapidly atrophy during the non-breeding season, but the mechanism of atrophy is not clear, with significant differences in apoptotic and pyroptotic signaling pathway expression according to transcriptome sequencing. During the non-breeding season, key apoptosis-related genes such as Tnfr1 (TNF Receptor Superfamily Member 1A), TRADD (TNFRSF1A Associated via Death Domain), FADD (Fas Associated via Death Domain), Casp-8 (Cysteine-aspartic proteases-8), and Bax (Bcl-associated X protein) were upregulated in the scented glands, while Bcl2 (B-cell lymphoma-2) expression was downregulated. In the classical pyroptosis pathway, the mRNA expression levels of key genes including Nlrp3 (the Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3), ASC (the apoptosis-associated speck-like protein), Casp-1 (Cysteine-aspartic proteases-1), Gsdmd (Gasdermin D), and IL-1β (Interleukin 1 Beta) were higher during the non-breeding season, similar to the transcription level of Ripk1 (Receptor Interacting Serine/Threonine Kinase 1) in the non-canonical pyroptosis pathway, while TAK1 (transforming growth factor kinase) expression was downregulated in this latter pathway. TUNEL assays and immunofluorescence analysis indicated increased apoptosis and GSDMD and Caspase-8 protein levels during the non-breeding season. Indeed, the protein levels of GSDMD-N, Caspase-8 p43, and Caspase-8 p18 were significantly higher during the non-breeding season, while the GSDMD levels were significantly lower compared to the secretion season. These results suggest that apoptosis and pyroptosis play regulatory roles in scented gland atrophy and that there is an interplay between them during this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The insertion of carbonyl into C(sp2)−Pd(II) σ‐bond (Grignard‐type addition) was not established until the 1990s. While this elemental reaction has been well explored since then, its application in Pd(0) asymmetric catalysis remain elusive. Herein, we report the Pd(0)‐catalyzed asymmetric intramolecular Grignard‐type reaction of vinyl iodide‐carbonyl in the presence of HCO2H additive, affording cyclic allylic alcohol with good to excellent enantioselectivity and diastereoselectivity. Mechanistic studies suggested that besides serving as an efficient reductant, HCO2H is also capable of facilitating protonation of the involved secondary alkoxyl‐Pd(II), thus completely suppressing the β‐H elimination. Moreover, no KIE was found in the competing reaction between vinyl iodide‐aldehyde and 1‐deuterated one, demonstrating the facile step of aldehyde insertion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protonic ceramic fuel/electrolysis cells (PCFCs/PCECs) show great potential for the efficient and reversible conversion of chemical and electrical energy. The electrolyte and oxygen electrode interface in PCFCs/PCECs is particularly crucial for achieving optimal performance. In this work, Ba evaporation and Y enrichment phenomena are investigated on the surface of a BaCe 0.7 Zr 0.1 Y 0.2 O 3-δ electrolyte during high-temperature sintering. Furthermore, an interfacial engineering strategy is proposed by removing the non-stoichiometric perovskite surface layer via a facile polishing process to enable a comparative analysis of the detrimental effects of the undesired layer on the cell performance. Polishing the electrolyte leads to a remarkable ∼50 % enhancement in PCFC performance and ∼120 % enhancement in PCEC performance at 650 °C. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy coupled with distribution of relaxation time analysis reveals that the improved performance of the polished cell can be attributed to reductions in both the ohmic and polarization losses, with the latter primarily influenced by the facilitated oxygen electrode reactions. This interfacial engineering approach restores the high proton conductivity at the electrolyte surface and strengthens the physical and chemical adhesion between the electrolyte and the oxygen electrode. Our findings shed light on the existing challenges at the electrolyte-electrode interface and underscore the significance of interfacial engineering in enhancing PCFC/PCEC performance. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global warming and energy crises have motivated the development of renewable energy and its energy carriers. Green hydrogen is the most promising renewable energy carrier and will be fundamental to future energy conversion and storage systems. Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells (SOECs) are a promising green hydrogen production technology featuring high electrical efficiency, no noble metal catalyst usage, and reversible operation. This review provides a timely summary of the latest SOEC progress, covering developments at various levels, from cells to stacks to systems. Cell/stack components, configurations, advanced electrode material/fabrication, and novel characterization methods are discussed. Electrochemical and durable performance for each cell/stack configuration is reviewed, focusing on degradation mechanisms and associated mitigation strategies. SOEC system integration with renewable energy and downstream users is outlined, showing flexibility, robustness, scalability, viability, and energy efficiency. Challenges of cost and durability are expected to be overcome by innovation in material, fabrication, production, integration, and operation. Overall, this comprehensive review identifies the SOEC commercialization bottleneck, encourages further technology development, and envisions a future green hydrogen society with net-zero carbon emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: With this work we present a newly developed potential for the Fe–Al system, which is based on the analytical embedded atom method (EAM) with long range atomic interactions. The potential yields for the two most relevant phases B2-FeAl and D03-Fe3Al lattice constants, elastic constants, as well as bulk and point defect formation enthalpies, which are in good agreement with experimental and other theoretical data. In addition, the phonon dispersions for B2-FeAl and D03-Fe3Al show a good agreement with available experiments. The calculated lattice constants and formation enthalpy for disordered Fe–Al alloys are in good agreement with experimental data or other theoretical calculations. This indicates that the present EAM potentials of Fe–Al system is suitable for atomistic simulations of structural and kinetic properties for the Fe–Al system. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A novel method is proposed to achieve robust and real-time ball tracking in broadcast soccer videos. In sports video, the soccer ball is small, often occluded, and with high motion speed. Thus, it is difficult to detect the sole ball in a single frame. To solve this problem, rather than locate the ball in one of several frames through detection or tracking, we find the ball through optimizing its motion trajectory in successive frames. The proposed method includes three level processes: object level, intra-trajectory level, and inter-trajectory level processing. In object level, multiple objects instead of a single ball are detected and all of them are taken as ball candidates through shape and color features identification. Then at intra-trajectory level, each ball candidate is tracked by a Kalman filter and verified by detection in successive frames, which results in lots of initial short trajectories in a video shot. These trajectories are thereafter scored and filtered according to their length and spatial-temporal relationship in a time-line model. With these trajectories, we construct a distance graph, in which a node represents a trajectory, and an edge means distance between two trajectories. We then get the optimal path using the Dijkstra algorithm in the graph at the inter-trajectory level. The optimal path is composed by a sequence of initial trajectories which make the whole route smooth and long in duration. To get a complete and reasonable path, we finally apply cubic spline interpolation to bridge the gap between adjacent trajectories (the duration corresponding to when the ball is occluded). We select three representative real FIFA2006 soccer video clips (containing a total of 16,500 frames) and manually elaborately labeling each frame in it, and take it as ground-truth to evaluate the algorithm. The average F-score is 80.59%. The algorithm was used in our soccer analysis system and tested on a wide range of real soccer videos, and all the results are satisfied. The algorithm is effective and its whole speed far exceeds real-time, 35.6 fps on mpeg2 data on the Intel Conroe platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A domino sequence of cyclization of 1,6-enyne with 2-bromoarylaldehyde followed by the intramolecular Aldol-condensation has been realized in the presence of 5mol% of palladium catalyst. This sequence provides a convenient protocol to access polycyclic ring systems with readily available starting materials under simple Pd(0)-catalyzed conditions. The intramolecular Aldol-condensation has been proposed as the key step for the catalytic cycle. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper, we present a method to perform automatic multiple player detection, unsupervised labeling and efficient tracking in broadcast soccer videos. Player detection is to determine the players’ positions and scales. It is achieved by combining the ability of dominant color based background subtraction and a boosting detector with Haar features. We then collect hundreds of player samples with the player detector, and learn codebook based player appearance model by unsupervised clustering algorithm. A player can be labeled as one of four types: two teams, referee or outlier. The learning capability enables the method to be generalized well to different videos without any manually initialization. Based on detection and labeling, we perform multiple player tracking with Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) data association. Some data driven dynamics are proposed to improve the Markov chain’s efficiency, such as label and motion consistent and track length. The testing results on FIFA World Cup 2006 videos demonstrate that our method can reach high detection and labeling precision, and reliably tracking in cases of scenes such as player occlusion, moderate camera motion and pose variation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A new selective and easily manageable epoxidation method is presented using an inexpensive and efficient FeCl3·6H2O and imidazole derivatives as catalysts. Aqueous hydrogen peroxide as an environmentally benign oxidant is utilized. This novel Fe/imidazole system gives moderate to excellent yields toward aromatic mono-, di-, and tri-substituted olefins. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The rhodium(I)-species-catalyzed cycloisomerization reaction of a wide spectrum of 1 ,6-enynes with an unusual intramolecular halogen shift was investigated. This Rh-catalyzed enyne cyclization reaction represents a new process for the synthesis of stereodefined α-halomethylene-γ-butyrolactones, lactams, tetrahydrofurans, pyrrolidines, and cyclopentanes. Coordinatively unsaturated rhodium species ([Rh(COD)- Cl]2 + dppb + AgSbF6) only catalyzes the reaction with enyne substrates bearing a Z-form double bond, while neutral rhodium species (RhCl(PPh3)3) could catalyze enyne substrates bearing a Z- or E-form double bond to form the desired products and has a wider substrate scopes. The mechanism of the reaction was studied by the employment of control experiments with different enyne isomers, and a π-allyl rhodium intermediate was suggested to explain the formation of the cyclic products with an intramolecular halogen shift. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reversible protonic ceramic electrochemical cell (R-PCEC) has demonstrated high potential as an energy storage and conversion device. Efforts have primarily concentrated on the development of oxygen electrodes being to increase their performance and reduce performance degradation. In this work, three perovskite materials, namely Ba 0.9 Co 0.2 Fe 0.7 Nb 0.1 O 3-δ (BCFN), Ba 0.8 La 0.1 Co 0.2 Fe 0.7 Nb 0.1 O 3-δ (BLCFN), and Ba 0.8 La 0.1 Co 0.2 Fe 0.7 Nb 0.1 F 0.1 O 2.9-δ (BLCFNF) are investigated. Both doping with La and co-doping with La and F lead to a notable reduction in the average valence states of Fe, Co, and Nb elements, further resulting in an increase in oxygen vacancy concentration, thereby enhancing the oxygen migration ability of the material. The H 2 O partial pressure does not have a significant impact on the polarization resistance (R p) of the oxygen electrode. Conversely, the rise in R p is highly correlated with the decrease in oxygen partial pressure, suggesting that the primary factor influencing the reaction rate of the oxygen electrode process is the exchange of oxygen ions on the surface of the electrode. BLCFNF exhibits the best oxygen migration and surface exchange ability, resulting in the lowest R p. When BLCFNF was used as the oxygen electrode in a R-PCEC with the humidity air (10%H 2 O) and humidified H 2 (3%H 2 O) as oxidant and fuel, respectively, it exhibits the highest maximum power density of 472 mW cm−2, and a current density of −682.6 mA cm−2 (1.3 V) at 650 °C. In addition, BLCFNF also shows good durability in both discharge and electrolysis process. The results indicate that La and F co-doped BLCFNF material is a promising oxygen electrode material for R-PCECs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reversible protonic ceramic electrochemical cell (R-PCEC) is a new energy conversion device that can achieve efficient conversion between chemical energy and electrical energy. However, the oxygen electrode has poor activity towards oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which hinders the large-scale application of R-PCEC. Therefore, in order to improve the catalytic activity of oxygen electrodes, La 0.5 Sr 0.5 Co 0.2 Fe 0.8 O 3 (LSCF) is prepared using mesoporous silica SiO 2 (SBA-15) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) as templates, and it was combined with BaZr 0.1 Ce 0.7 Y 0.2 O 3-δ (BZCY) to form a composite oxygen electrode for R-PCEC. Compared to the LSCF with solid-state reaction method, LSCF with hard-template method shows higher specific surface area and more oxygen vacancy, resulting in excellent ORR catalytic activity. In addition, LSCF prepared using PMMA as a template exhibits the best ORR catalytic activity, and the single cell with this composite oxygen electrode shows the highest maximum power density of 406 mW cm−2 in fuel cell (FC) mode with wet H 2 (3%H 2 O) and air as the fuel and oxidant, respectively. Additionally, it demonstrates a current density of −973 mA cm−2 at 1.3 V in electrolysis cell (EC) mode with wet air (10%H 2 O) as the oxidant. The single cell also shows good reversibility in FC mode and EC mode. This work provides a new strategy to improve the bifunctional activity of oxygen electrode in R-PCEC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite oxides show great promise as an alternative catalyst to the conventional nickel cermets for CO2 reduction reactions (CO2RR) in solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) owing to their advantages of redox stability and coking resistance. Nevertheless, practical applications of these oxides are prevented largely by their poor CO2RR activities. Herein, a novel donor and acceptor co‐doped nonstoichiometric double perovskite, La0.3Sr1.55Fe1.5Ni0.1Mo0.4O6−δ (LSFNM), is developed with in situ exsolved FeNi3 nanoparticles to efficiently catalyze CO2RR in SOECs. Pure CO2 electrolysis over the impregnated FeNi3@LSFNM catalysts is evaluated on two types of SOECs—one with thin (ZrO2)0.89(Sc2O3)0.1(CeO2)0.01 (SSZ) electrolytes supported on 430L alloys and the other with thin La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3−δ (LSGM) electrolytes supported on impregnated SmBa0.5Sr0.5Co2O5+δ (SBSCO)@LSGM anodes, producing unprecedently high current densities of 2.84 A cm−2 for the former and 3.07 A cm−2 for the latter at 1.5 V and 800 °C. Experimental analysis and density‐functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal collective synergistic catalysis of oxygen vacancies (VO..${V}_{\mathrm{O}}^{..}$), the doping Ni2+ ions and FeNi3 nanoparticles via the cooperative VO..${V}_{\mathrm{O}}^{..}$‐O(CO2), and Ni(II)–C(sp) and Ni(0)–O(CO2) interactions in LSFNM, not only facilitating CO2 chemisorption on oxygen vacancies but also destabilizing and dissociating surface carbonates in the vicinity of FeNi3 spontaneously into CO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Long-term durability tests were performed at the thermoneutral voltage of 1290 mV. • Rapid degradation occurred in the first 300 h. • Different degradation behaviors were ascribed to the difference in electrode overpotential. • Optimizing operating temperature is a strategy to avoid irreversible long-term degradation. Potentiostatic operation of solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) at the thermoneutral voltage enables operation of the SOECs close to 100% electrical efficiency and simplifies the heat management at the stack and system level. In this work, we investigate the long-term durability of Ni/yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) fuel electrode supported SOECs operated for electrolysis of steam at the thermoneutral voltage of 1290 mV, by testing cells at 800, 750, and 700 ℃ for periods exceeding 1000 h each. The cells show different initial performance due to different operating temperatures, but all experience a significant degree of initial degradation within the first 300 h, with a degradation rate of 2.80, 1.93, and 1.77 A cm−2 kh−1 (~1.80, 1.51 and 1.90% kh−1) for the cells tested at 800, 750, and 700 ℃, respectively. Hereafter the cells show stable performance or even slight activation. After 300 h of operation, the cell tested at 750 ℃ exhibits performance comparable to the cell tested at 800 ℃ and more than 74% higher than the cell tested at 700 ℃, and this is maintained until the end of the test, suggesting that among three operating temperatures 750 ℃ is the optimum one. The different degradation behavior of the cells is further investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis and post-test microstructural characterization. The cause of degradation is discussed in terms of electrode overpotential. Our findings highlight the significance of operating temperature optimization on the long-term durability of SOECs when operated in potentiostatic mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infiltration is an effective way to improve the performance of the oxygen electrode for solid oxide cells (SOCs). Most studies on infiltrated SOCs are carried out on button cells with a small active area. Here, we report on the preparation of large-area fuel-electrode-supported SOCs with a La 0.6 Sr 0.4 CoO 3-δ (LSC) infiltrated gadolinia-doped ceria (CGO) oxygen electrode. The electrochemical performance of the resulting SOCs is examined at 4 × 4 cm2 level (active area). The cell delivers a power density of 1.08 W cm−2 at 0.6 V and 750 °C in fuel cell mode with high fuel and oxygen utilization of 52 and 57%, respectively; in electrolysis mode, the current density reaches 1.07 A cm−2 at 1.3 V and 750 °C with a steam utilization of 60%. Additionally, the influence of feed gas composition on cell performance and the short-term durability of the cell in electrolysis mode are studied. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results and the post-test microstructural characterization demonstrate that there is no visible degradation of the LSC infiltrated CGO oxygen electrode after the durability test. These results highlight the potential of large-scale production of high-performance SOCs by designing nanostructured electrode via infiltration. Image 1 • Large-area SOCs with LSC infiltrated CGO (LSC-CGO) oxygen electrodes were prepared. • Resulting SOCs were examined at 4 × 4 cm2 level under high reactant utilization. • LSC-CGO oxygen electrode shows excellent performance for both ORR and OER. • Good durability of LSC-CGO oxygen electrode for OER at 750 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With remarkable progress in the field of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prophylaxis, it is critical to understand population immunity against RSV. We aim to describe the RSV pre-F IgG antibodies across all age groups in Southern China and to evaluate the risk factors associated with lower antibody levels. We performed a community-based cross-sectional sero-epidemiological study in Anhua County, Hunan Province, Southern China, from July 15, 2021, to November 5, 2021. Serum samples were tested for IgG antibodies against the RSV prefusion F (pre-F) protein using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We estimated the geometric mean titres (GMTs) and seropositivity rates across all age groups. The generalized linear models were built to identify factors associated with antibody levels. A total of 890 participants aged 4 months to older than 89 years were enrolled. The lowest RSV pre-F IgG GMTs were observed in infants and toddlers aged 4 months to younger than 2 years (3.0; 95% CI, 2.6–3.5). With increasing age, the RSV pre-F IgG GMT increased to 4.3 (95% CI, 4.1–4.4) between the ages of 2 and younger than 5 years and then stabilized at high levels throughout life. All the children had serological evidence of RSV infection by the age of 5 years. Age was associated with RSV pre-F antibody levels in children, with an estimated 1.9-fold (95% CI, 0.8–3.6) increase in titre per year before 5 years of age, although it was not significantly associated with antibody levels in adults aged older than 60 years. Our findings could provide a comprehensive understanding of the gaps in RSV immunity at the population level and inform the prioritization of immunization platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

B-site Co–Fe-based perovskite materials have shown potential as ceramic cathodes in solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) for direct CO 2 electrolysis. Nevertheless, their operational utilization is constrained by insufficient catalytic activity and durability in pure CO 2. In this work, F− doping and A-site deficiency strategies are proposed and La 0.6 Sr 0.4 Co 0.2 Fe 0.8 O 3 (LSCF), F-doped La 0.6 Sr 0.4 Co 0.2 Fe 0.8 F 0.1 O 2.9 (LSCFF) and A-site deficiency combined with F-doped (La 0.6 Sr 0.4) 0.95 Co 0.2 Fe 0.8 F 0.1 O 2.9 (LSCFF95) are prepared as cathode materials for CO 2 electrolysis. After doping with F−, the valence states of both Co and Fe elements decrease, while generating more oxygen vacancies. With the further introduction of A-site deficiency, the valence states further decrease, resulting in more oxygen vacancies. The enhancement of oxygen vacancies leads to an improvement in the oxygen surface exchange coefficient (k chem) and the bulk diffusion coefficient (D chem) of LSCFF and LSCFF95 materials. At 800 °C, k chem of LSCFF and LSCFF95 reach 24.21 × 10−4 and 33.54 × 10−4 cm s−1, respectively, which are 51% and 110% higher than the value of 16.03 × 10−4 cm s−1 for LSCF. Meanwhile, the D chem values of LSCFF and LSCFF95 are measured to be 37.52 × 10−5 and 47.81 × 10−5 cm2 s−1, respectively. These values are 49% and 90% higher than the value of 25.22 × 10−5 cm2 s−1 for LSCF. Consequently, F− doping and A-site deficiency significantly increase the electrochemical performance. For example, F− doping decreases the polarization resistance (R p) value of the SOEC with LSCF cathode from 0.19 Ω cm2 to 0.13 Ω cm2 at 800 °C. Furthermore, when the A-site deficiency is introduced, the R p value is further reduced to 0.11 Ω cm2. Therefore, the SOEC with the LSCFF95 cathode exhibits excellent performance. Specifically, it has demonstrated an impressively high current density of 2.85 A cm−2 at 800 °C and 1.5 V, and has exhibited exceptional durability over prolonged operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While β,γ-unsaturated carbonyl compounds have been widely used as γC- or αC-nucleophiles, their potential αC,αC-bisnucleophilic reactivity is still underdeveloped. Herein, a phosphine-catalysed (4+1) annulation of β′-acetoxy allenoate and a β,γ-unsaturated carbonyl compound is reported, wherein β′-acetoxy allenoate is the 1,4-biselectrophilic component while the β,γ-unsaturated carbonyl compound serves as an αC,αC-bisnucleophile. The process not only provides a new reaction mode of β,γ-unsaturated carbonyl compounds under mild conditions but also broadens the scope of Lewis base-catalysed annulation of acetoxy allenoate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we propose a novel and effective system based on multiple cameras to extract the events for soccer matches. A precise ontological definition of the soccer events is still an open point. According to our definition, the events include the free kick, corner kick, penalty kick and the goal, because they are the representative shots for the audience to watch. The events are very important for highlights selection and sport data analysis. At present, the events including the ball and players information are selected and labeled manually from the images, which is a big workload for the staffs. Addressing this problem, our system provides an automatic extraction of the events. For soccer videos, our system first uses the local-based deep neural network for the ball and player detection from the input images. Then, we handle with the ball and player bounding boxes separately. For players, a player can be labeled as one of the three types: two teams or the referee, and a novel unsupervised U-encoder is designed for the player labeling. For soccer ball, the application of multiple cameras allows us to refine the ball detection results. We can get the world coordinate of ball according to the camera parameters and then rebuild the ball trajectory and the court in a top view. Based on the reconstructed map, we get the soccer events by motion analysis of ball trajectory and then apply the ball location and player classification results to display the events for each camera. The test results on real videos of European soccer league show the good detection and labeling performance of our system. We find all the events in the test videos. Our proposed system can deal with many complex cases such as occlusion and pose variation that happen frequently in real applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A phosphine‐catalyzed (3+2) annulation of 4‐acetoxy allenoate and aldimine with the assistance of AgF is described. The success of this reaction hinges on the metathesis between the enolate‐phosphonium zwitterion and AgF, leading to a key intermediate comprising of silver enolate and a fluorophosphorane P(V)‐moiety. The former is able to undergo a Mannich reaction with aldimine, whereas the latter initiates a cascade sequence of AcO‐elimination/aza‐addition, thus furnishing the P(III)/P(V) catalysis. By taking advantage of the silver enolate, a preliminary attempt at an asymmetric variant was conducted with the combination of an achiral phosphine catalyst and a chiral bis(oxazolinyl)pyridine ligand (PyBox), giving moderate enantioselectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A phosphine‐catalyzed (3+2) annulation of 4‐acetoxy allenoate and aldimine with the assistance of AgF is described. The success of this reaction hinges on the metathesis between the enolate‐phosphonium zwitterion and AgF, leading to a key intermediate comprising of silver enolate and a fluorophosphorane P(V)‐moiety. The former is able to undergo a Mannich reaction with aldimine, whereas the latter initiates a cascade sequence of AcO‐elimination/aza‐addition, thus furnishing the P(III)/P(V) catalysis. By taking advantage of the silver enolate, a preliminary attempt at an asymmetric variant was conducted with the combination of an achiral phosphine catalyst and a chiral bis(oxazolinyl)pyridine ligand (PyBox), giving moderate enantioselectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title synthesis is based on the efficient reaction between N-pivaloyloxyamides as the umpolung agent and various alkynylanilines which may contain diverse substituents on the alkynyl moiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A variety of o-tyrosine derivatives is synthesized by a Rh-catalyzed carboamination of alkenes with N-phenoxyacetamide via C-H functionalization and amido transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Pd(0)-catalyzed cascade reaction of (Z)-1-iodo-1,6-diene bearing a N-heteroaryl ring, including indole, pyrrole as well as imidazole, is reported. The reaction proceeds via Heck-type carbopalladation, which is followed by C-H activation of the attached N-hetero ring, thus delivering 6,5-spirocycles in moderate to good yields. Furthermore, the preliminary attempt at asymmetric version was also conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Review: 45 refs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein is reported the formal (3 + 3) annulations of δ-acetoxy allenoates with 1C,3O-bisnucleophiles by using 6’-deoxy-6’-perfluorobenzamido-quinine ( 5g ) as the catalyst, providing rapid access to 4 H -pyrans with excellent enantioselectivity. The reaction features wide substrate scope and mild reaction conditions. The utility of this method is demonstrated in highly stereoselective synthesis of the core of calyxin I. Mechanistic experiments suggest the involvement of 3-ammonium-2,4-dienoate intermediate B N . This type of cationic intermediate arises from an addition-elimination process between allenoate substrate and amine catalyst, and is stable enough for isolation and characterization. Mechanistic studies also disclose the crucial role of amide NH of 5g , which is able to not only activate allenoate to facilitate the formation of B N , but enhance the electrophilicity of δ C of B N for nucleophilic attack. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reductive elimination of alkyl−PdII−O is a synthetically useful yet underdeveloped elementary reaction. Here we report that the combination of an H‐bonding donor [PyH][BF4] and AgNO3 additive under toluene/H2O biphasic system can enable such elementary step to form alkyl nitrate. This results in the Pd0‐catalyzed asymmetric carbonitratations of (Z)‐1‐iodo‐1,6‐dienes with (R)‐BINAP as the chiral ligand, affording alkyl nitrates up to 96 % ee. Mechanistic studies disclose that the reaction consists of oxidative addition of Pd0 catalyst to vinyl iodide, anion ligand exchange between I− and NO3−, alkene insertion and SN2‐type alkyl−PdII−ONO2 reductive elimination. Evidences suggest that H‐bonding interaction of PyH⋅⋅⋅ONO2 can facilitate dissociation of O2NO− ligand from the alkyl−PdII−ONO2 species, thus enabling the challenging alkyl−PdII−ONO2 reductive elimination to be feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reductive elimination of alkyl−PdII−O is a synthetically useful yet underdeveloped elementary reaction. Here we report that the combination of an H‐bonding donor [PyH][BF4] and AgNO3 additive under toluene/H2O biphasic system can enable such elementary step to form alkyl nitrate. This results in the Pd0‐catalyzed asymmetric carbonitratations of (Z)‐1‐iodo‐1,6‐dienes with (R)‐BINAP as the chiral ligand, affording alkyl nitrates up to 96 % ee. Mechanistic studies disclose that the reaction consists of oxidative addition of Pd0 catalyst to vinyl iodide, anion ligand exchange between I− and NO3−, alkene insertion and SN2‐type alkyl−PdII−ONO2 reductive elimination. Evidences suggest that H‐bonding interaction of PyH⋅⋅⋅ONO2 can facilitate dissociation of O2NO− ligand from the alkyl−PdII−ONO2 species, thus enabling the challenging alkyl−PdII−ONO2 reductive elimination to be feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ceria–zirconia solid solution nanoparticulates, Ce 1− x Zr x O 2− δ ( x = 0, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0), are impregnated into the porous 430L stainless steel scaffolds and evaluated as the anode catalysts for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Combined analyses of X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering reveal the fluorite cubic ( c ) structure up to x ≤ 0.3 transforms to a mixture of the cubic and metastable tetragonal ( t ″) phases for 0.4 ≤ x ≤ 0.8, with the onset of tetragonal distortions at x = 0.8. Temperature-programmed reduction in H 2 indicates that doping Zr 4+ into the ceria lattice could improve the oxygen storage capacity. Nonetheless, the charge transfer process within the bulk Ce 1− x Zr x O 2− δ or across the interfaces of Ce 1− x Zr x O 2− δ |YSZ becomes increasingly sluggish at x ≥ 0.3. The two opposite effects yield the smallest anode polarization resistances at x = 0.3, e.g. , 0.08 ± 0.01 Ω cm 2 for Ce 0.7 Zr 0.3 O 2− δ versus 0.24 ± 0.02 Ω cm 2 for CeO 2− δ or 0.26 ± 0.04 Ω cm 2 for Ce 0.4 Zr 0.6 O 2− δ at 800 °C. Furthermore, thin YSZ electrolyte fuel cells with impregnated La 0.6 Sr 0.4 Fe 0.9 Sc 0.1 O 3− δ – YSZ cathode supports produce peak power densities of 1.24 W cm −2 at 800 °C for nano-Ce 0.7 Zr 0.3 O 2− δ @430L anodes, approximately 80% higher than 0.67–0.70 W cm −2 on nano-CeO 2− δ @430L or nano-Ce 0.4 Zr 0.6 O 2− δ @430L anodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The π-acid-catalyzed cyclizations of 1, n-enynes by carbophilic activation have been extensively studied and appear as highly attractive processes, yet the cases within a catalytic cycle based on redox principle are rare. Herein, we report the cyclizative addition reactions of 1,6-enynes and sulfonyl chlorides by using a [Rh(cod)Cl/dppf] (dppf=1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene) catalyst system. The process features the involvement of oxidative addition of sulfonyl chloride to RhI catalyst, which generates [(dppf)(RSO2)RhCl2] as a π-acid species to trigger cyclizative addition in a 6- endo-dig manner by carbophilic activation. Moreover, the catalytic protocol is also applicable to 1,6-diene analogues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A chiral secondary amine-promoted asymmetric [4+2] cycloadditions of α-acetoxymethyl allenoate 1 and electron-deficient alkenes 2 have been developed. The reaction features the utilization of addition–elimination reaction between allenoate 1 and the secondary amine to generate the key 2-aminobutadiene intermediate, which subsequently undergoes [4+2] cycloaddition with alkenes in a stepwise fashion, delivering the substituted cyclohexenes with good stereoselectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A novel medium-entropy perovskite is prepared and used as semiconductors. • (R-)PBCLCF enhances electrochemical oxidation and reduction activity. • Co nanocatalysts are in situ exsolved from the perovskite oxides. • Redox kinetics of medium-entropy perovskite for HOR and ORR are studied. • The single cell with (R-)PBCLCF showcases remarkable reversible performance. Reversible solid oxide cells (R-SOCs) are considered to be a promising energy conversion device that can achieve efficient conversion between fuel and electrical energy. However, there are still significant challenges in developing a promising bifunctional electrocatalyst as an electrode material for R-SOC devices. Here, a medium-entropy perovskite Pr 0.4 Ba 0.2 Ca 0.2 La 0.2 Co 0.2 Fe 0.8 O 3 (PBCLCF) is designed to enhance the electrochemical oxidation and reduction activity. Under hydrogen atmosphere, cobalt metals are in situ exsolved from the perovskite structure, accompanied by partial phase transformation (denoted as R-PBCLCF). Characterizations show that PBCLCF and R-PBCLCF can increase the concentration of oxygen vacancies, thereby enhancing oxygen migration ability. Combined with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and distribution of relaxation times (DRT) analysis, the medium-entropy PBCLCF exhibits better oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity and R-PBCLCF shows better hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) activity. Furthermore, the oxygen dissociation is identified as the rate-determining step (RDS) in the ORR process, whereas the HOR process is dominated by the hydrogen adsorption and dissociation. The single cell with (R-)PBCLCF showcases remarkable reversible performance. When O 2 is employed as the oxidant and H 2 as the fuel, this cell achieves a maximum power density of 468.1 mW cm−2 in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) mode at 700 °C. Moreover, when O 2 is employed as the oxidant and humidified H 2 (30 %H 2 O) as the fuel, the current density of the cell in solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) mode is −647.3 mA cm−2 at 1.3 V and 700 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Linked in: A rhodium(I) catalyst system [[Rh(cod)Cl]+DPPF] enables carbocyclization and chlorosulfonylation of 1,6‐enynes with sulfonyl chlorides, thus allowing the formation of three different bonds (CCl, CC, and CS) in a one‐step fashion (see scheme; cod=cyclooctadiene, DPPF=1,1′‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene). Sulfonyl chlorides are shown to be an efficient linker in this transformation, which complements other known element–element linkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The phase stability, electronic, elastic and thermodynamic properties of V5Si3 has been investigated by using first-principles calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT). In the present calculations, three phases of V5Si3 (Cr5B3-prototype, W5Si3-prototype and Mn5Si3-prototype) have been taken into account to check the phase stability. The calculated formation enthalpies indicate that the W5Si3-prototype is the stable phase which is in agreement with experiments, whereas the Cr5B3-prototype is a potential metastable phase. The elastic constants, bulk modulus, shear modulus and Young’s modulus are calculated in the present work, and are very close to that of the Nb5Si3. The density of states and bonding charge density of V5Si3 within the W5Si3-phase are obtained indicating a strong covalent character of the bonds. Finally, using the Debye-model, the Debye temperature, heat capacity, and thermal expansion have also been calculated and are in good agreement with experimental results. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A novel [4+2] annulation between activated terminal alkynes and aza-dienes or oxo-dienes has been developed with the use of triphenylphosphine catalyst (20mol%), which provides a facile method for synthesis of the corresponding highly functionalized dihydropyridines or dihydropyrans in good to excellent yields. The reaction mechanism has also been established, consisting formal hetero-Diels–Alder reaction catalyzed by PPh3 and [1,3]-proton transfer, which exhibits a large isotopic effect. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The physicochemical properties of starch acetates with an equal degree of substitution prepared from pea, corn, and wheat starch and their effects on frozen cooked noodle (FCN) quality were investigated. The result showed that the three kinds of starch acetates had different effects on the quality of FCN due to their different blue values, freeze‐thaw stability, and crystalline morphology analyzed by XRD (p <.05). The FCN with the addition of 20% CAS exhibited slow deterioration of textural properties during holding for 30 min. The analysis of the changes in the content of free SH group and glutenin macropolymer (GMP) demonstrated that the addition of CAS promoted protein disulfide cross‐linking and decreased protein mobility during holding. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) revealed that FCN with the addition of CAS had low decrement in α‐helix and β‐sheet during holding, indicating that starch acetates contributed to the maintenance of the gluten network structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cdc42 is a member of the Rho family of GTPases and plays an important role in the regulation of actin cytoskeletal organization. Activation of Cdc42 and associated signal transduction cascades are dependent upon proper localization of this GTPase. The studies described herein address the hypothesis that Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor, RhoGDI, plays an essential role in the translocation of Cdc42 to signaling complexes at the plasma membrane and is essential for Cdc42-mediated actin cytoskeletal rearrangements. An activating mutant of Cdc42 that is RhoGDI-binding defective (Cdc42(G12V/R66E)) is characterized and used as a tool to study the functional importance of the Cdc42–RhoGDI interaction. Overexpression of mycCdc42(G12V/R66E) in COS-7 cells results in actin cytoskeletal rearrangements that are indistinguishable from those stimulated by overexpression of mycCdc42(G12V). In addition, the G12V activating mutant of Cdc42 was overexpressed in mesangial cells that are null for RhoGDI expression. MycCdc42(G12V) stimulation of filopodia formation in these cells was indistinguishable from that observed in wild-type mesangial cells. Taken together, the results presented herein indicate that although RhoGDI is a critical regulator of guanine nucleotide binding, cycling of Cdc42 between membranes and the cytosol and cellular transformation, it is not essential for Cdc42-mediated organization of the actin cytoskeleton. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A catalysis system comprised of Pd(cod)Cl 2 precursor and IMes ligand has been developed, which is efficient to catalyze the atom transfer radical cyclization of N -allyl-α-chloroamides with the help of NaI additive. This reaction provides a facile access to β-iodomethyl-γ-lactam with high stereoselectivity. Moreover, the results from the reaction of deuterium-labeled substrate and TEMPO-trapping experiment clearly indicate that radical intermediate(s) should be involved in the reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the effect of microwave-ultrasound or/and toughening treatment on the physicochemical, structural properties, and in vitro digestibility of A- and B-type granules isolated from wheat starch were investigated. From the SEM, microwave-ultrasound and toughening treatment (MU-T) led to the appearance of irregular and disrupted structure significantly and an increment in the resistant starch content of A- and B-type granule. Furthermore, the MU-T starch possessed the lowest swelling power, light transmittance, and gelatinization temperature range (T c –T o) and the highest ΔH. After MU-T, the relative crystallinity (RC) of X-ray pattern, Fourier transform infrared ratio of 1047/1022 cm−1, and the content of double helix and single helix of 13C CP/MAS NMR had increased significantly. In particular, there was a difference in the content of RS and SDS between A-starch granules and B-starch granules as well as their changes after modification (from 69.305% to 82.93 for A-starch and form 74.97% to 88.17 for B-starch, respectively), which was a similar trend with RC and helix content. This study indicated that, for both A-type granule and B-type granule starches, microwave-ultrasound and toughening treated samples had unique properties compared to singly modified starches. • There is a synergistic effect between microwave-ultrasound and toughening (MU-T) in these multiple modifications of A- and B-type granules from wheat starch. • MU-T synergistic interaction changed the starch granular morphologies and increased the resistant starch content of A- and B-type granule and ΔH, and decreased the swelling power, light transmittance, and gelatinization temperature range (T c –T o) significantly. • Compared to A-type granule, B-type granule possessed less content of amylose, which was more susceptible to MU-T, resulting in a greater resistance to enzymatic hydrolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A decomposition-based method for optimally deploying dual-direction solid-oxide stack-based plants. • Economic feasibility evaluated for the plant concepts enabled by H 2 , CH 4 , CH 3 OH, syngas and NH 3. • Plant CAPEX target representing economic feasibility evaluated for multiple scenarios. • By reducing onsite storage via the market, economic feasibility ranked as H 2 > syngas > CH 4 > CH 3 OH > NH 3. • With no chemical sale, hydrogen, methanol and ammonia pathways no longer economically feasible. Electrical energy storage systems are indispensable for the electrical grid with high penetration renewables. Reversible solid-oxide cell stack based power-to-x-to-power systems, which can switch between power generation and power storage, can achieve a high round-trip efficiency and are technology neutral for, e.g., hydrogen, methane, methanol, ammonia and syngas. This paper evaluates, with a systematically decomposition-based optimization method, the economic feasibility of such dual-direction plants to assist wind farms for reliable electricity supply, under various scenarios with 150%/200%/250% wind electricity penetration and strong/weak interactions with chemical markets. The economic feasibility is represented by Plant CAPEX Target (€/ref-stack), defined as maximum affordable total plant investment costs divided by the equivalent number of reference stacks (5120 cm2 active cell area). The results show that, with strong interaction with chemical markets, hydrogen pathway is the most economically potential, especially under high wind electricity penetration (200, 250%). Plant CAPEX target of hydrogen pathway reaches 2300 €/ref-stack, followed by syngas (1900 €/ref-stack), while the methane, methanol and ammonia ones are less economically-feasible with targets around 1000 €/ref-stack. Economic feasibility of hydrogen pathway is less sensitive (above 2000 €/ref-stack) to hydrogen price when it is below 4 €/kg. Deploying multiple plants with operation-coordination freedom allows for the reduction of lost wind rate and the enhancement of profit. Plant designs with either high round-trip efficiency or good match with imbalance characteristics are preferred. When the chemicals produced are not sold to markets, syngas and methane pathways are more economically-feasible, with plant CAPEX target within 500–1000 €/ref-stack due to affordable onsite fuel storage and high round-trip efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This Letter describes the Pd(0)-catalyzed domino Heck–aza-Michael reaction between (Z)-N-(3-iodoallyl)-tosylamide and acrylic ester. The reaction provides a facile access to an important class of substituted 3-pyrroline. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular Heck-type reaction of oxime ether has been developed, providing convenient access to heterocyclic oximes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A tertiary amine-catalyzed formal (3+n) annulation of 2-(acetoxymethyl)buta-2,3-dienoate with 1,n-binucleophiles has been developed, which provides a facile entry to heterocyclic compounds. The mechanism, involving tandem SN2′–SN2′ substitution and Michael addition, has also been established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new strategy for Rh(i)-catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloadditions of 1,6-diynes with potassium (Z)-(2-bromovinyl)trifluoroborate as the third two-atom unit has been realized, which provides a facile entry to polysubstituented benzene derivatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A formal [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition of a 1,6-enyne with 2-bromophenylboronic acid has been realized to construct a multi-substituted dihydronaphthalene scaffold, in which the direct reductive elimination mechanism of aryl-Rh(iii)-Csp3species has been established to form an aryl-Csp3bond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal (Ni Fe)-supported solid oxide fuel cells were prepared using the cost-effective tape casting, multilayer co-firing, and impregnation methods in this paper. MSC with Ni-YSZ as the functional anode, YSZ as the electrolyte and impregnated La 0.6 Sr 0.4 Co 0.2 Fe 0.8 O 3-δ (LSCF) as the cathode. The maximum power density reached 0.72 mW/cm2 at 750 °C and the polarization resistance was 0.20 Ω cm2. The complex electrochemical processes of MSC was studied by using the distribution of relaxation times (DRT) method and different physical and chemistry processes of MSC were clearly distinguished. Combined the results of DRT and SEM, the coarsening and growth of LSCF and Ni in the electrodes resulted in the degradation of MSC stability. On the whole, the new structure Ni-Fe|Ni-YSZ|YSZ|YSZ-LSCF showing promising prospects for performance improvement and potential applications. • Ni-Fe|Ni-YSZ|YSZ|YSZ-LSCF structured MSC were prepared using multi-layer co-firing techniques. • MSC reaching a maximum power density of 0.72 mW/cm2 at 750 °C. • The electrochemical processes of MSC was investigated by DRT method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insufficient electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction/evolution in lanthanum strontium ferrite (LSF) perovskites at temperatures below 700 °C, limits the utilization of these Co-free oxides as oxygen electrodes for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel/electrolysis cells (SOFC/SOEC). Marked performance improvement is here reported by decorating the surface with Pr 2 Ni 1-x Cu x O 4 catalyst particles. Infiltrating porous LSF electrodes with aqueous nitrates solutions containing Pr, Ni and Cu, targeting the compositions Pr 2 Ni 0.7 Cu 0.3 O 4 and Pr 2 Ni 0.6 Cu 0.4 O 4 , significantly reduces the polarization resistance at 650 °C from 0.98 Ω cm2 to 0.16 Ω cm2 and 0.13 Ω cm2 respectively. Electrical Conductivity Relaxation (ECR) measurements reveal that surface exchange rates, expressed by (k chem), are much more stable in week long aging experiments for Pr 2 Ni 0.7 Cu 0.3 O 4 surface decorated LSF bars compared to the bare LSF. This shows that a Pr 2 Ni 1-x Cu x O 4 infiltrated porous LSF backbone can be an efficient Co-free oxygen electrode for intermediate-temperature SOFC/SOEC. Image 1 • Marked improvement in electrocatalytic activity of LSF via surface decoration. • Increasing the oxygen incorporation rate is the source of enhanced activity. • Significant improvement in the stability of surface exchange rate on LSF. • Efficient infiltrated oxygen electrodes for SOC in a Co-free formulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although asymmetric phosphine catalysis is a powerful tool for the construction of various chiral carbon centers, its synthetic potential toward an enantioenriched atropisomer has not been explored yet. Reported herein is a phosphine‐catalyzed atroposelective (4+2) annulation of δ‐acetoxy allenoates and 2‐hydroxyquinone derivatives. The reaction provides expedient access to aryl‐naphthaquinone atropisomers by the de novo construction of a benzene ring. The two functionalities of the catalyst, a tertiary phosphine (Lewis base) and a tertiary amine (Brønsted base), cooperatively enable this process with high regio‐ and enantioselectivities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although asymmetric phosphine catalysis is a powerful tool for the construction of various chiral carbon centers, its synthetic potential toward an enantioenriched atropisomer has not been explored yet. Reported herein is a phosphine‐catalyzed atroposelective (4+2) annulation of δ‐acetoxy allenoates and 2‐hydroxyquinone derivatives. The reaction provides expedient access to aryl‐naphthaquinone atropisomers by the de novo construction of a benzene ring. The two functionalities of the catalyst, a tertiary phosphine (Lewis base) and a tertiary amine (Brønsted base), cooperatively enable this process with high regio‐ and enantioselectivities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]