Search

This work focuses on the δ receptor (DOR), a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) belonging to the opioid receptor group. DOR is expressed in numerous tissues, particularly within the nervous system. Our study explores computationally the receptor's interactions with various ligands, including opiates and opioid peptides. It elucidates how these interactions influence the δ receptor response, relevant in a wide range of health and pathological processes. Thus, our investigation aims to explore the significance of DOR as an incoming drug target for pain relief and neurodegenerative diseases and as a source for novel opioid non-narcotic analgesic alternatives. We analyze the receptor's structural properties and interactions using Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations and Gaussian-accelerated MD across different functional states. To thoroughly assess the primary differences in the structural and conformational ensembles across our different simulated systems, we initiated our study with 1 μs of conventional Molecular Dynamics. The strategy was chosen to encompass the full activation cycle of GPCRs, as activation processes typically occur within this microsecond range. Following the cMD, we extended our study with an additional 100 ns of Gaussian accelerated Molecular Dynamics (GaMD) to enhance the sampling of conformational states. This simulation approach allowed us to capture a comprehensive range of dynamic interactions and conformational changes that are crucial for GPCR activation as influenced by different ligands. Our study includes comparing agonist and antagonist complexes to uncover the collective patterns of their functional states, regarding activation, blocking, and inactivation of DOR, starting from experimental data. In addition, we also explored interactions between agonist and antagonist molecules from opiate and opioid classifications to establish robust structure-activity relationships. These interactions have been systematically quantified using a Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSAR) model. This research significantly contributes to our understanding of this significant pharmacological target, which is emerging as an attractive subject for drug development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores a set of institutional dynamics that emerged in a secondary school in the city of La Plata, Argentina, following the creation and implementation of a specific curricular space for Comprehensive Sexual Education. This educational policy challenges traditional approaches to sexuality and gender in schools. The analysis is based on ethnographic research conducted in 2019, which included individual and group interviews with students, teachers, and management staff. The research also included participant observation of classes, events, and other school activities such as festivals, political demonstrations, and student center meetings. Content analysis was conducted on curricular programs, institutional documents, regulatory frameworks, and other texts considered relevant based on the research objectives. Unlike other works that focus solely on the curricular dimension, this study emphasizes the significance of intergenerational bonds of affection, trust, and pedagogical authority in the process of mainstreaming this policy. The article provides an opportunity to question a prevalent notion in schools that tends to frame a dilemma between creating a specific space for the implementation of this policy or mainstreaming it across various subjects. The analysis also highlights the pedagogical dimension concerning gender and sexuality throughout the entire school experience, not solely in relation to the content covered in sexual education classes. As such, it contributes to considering the importance of complementing the approach to Comprehensive Sexuality Education across different subjects in the school curriculum with an institutional mainstreaming of its focus, oriented to pedagogical intervention in the diverse dynamics and folds of the institutional fabric as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El articulo discute sobre el desciframiento del glifo emblema de Santa Elena, Tabasco con el enfoque del papel protagónico en las conquistas que ésta emprendió en el occidente maya. Tambien se destaca sobre apuntes historicos sobre un senorio maya del rio san pedro martir con ciertos compuestos glificos .

The article explores the importance of considering "gender regimes" as strategic enclaves in the processes of mainstreaming comprehensive sex education policies in high school. The analysis is based on a diverse set of empirical data constructed in an ethnographic investigation carried out between 2017 and 2018 in a high school in Gran La Plata, Argentina. From the description of a gender regime called "virile" and within the framework of an institutional culture characterized as "normative", the paper reveals some limitations of a way of mainstreaming comprehensive sex education that here is called "curricular" and it offers some clues to consider in which ways an approach that considers the totality of institutional dynamics in their pedagogical dimension could enhance the scope of a policy aimed at combating gender inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Healthy aging results in cardiac structural and electrical remodeling that increase susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases. Relaxin has shown broad cardioprotective effects including anti-fibrotic, anti-arrhythmic and anti-inflammatory outcomes in multiple models. This paper focuses on the cardioprotective effects of Relaxin in a rat model of aging. Sustained atrial or ventricular fibrillation are readily induced in the hearts of aged but not young control animals. Treatment with Relaxin suppressed this arrhythmogenic response by increasing conduction velocity, decreasing fibrosis and promoting substantial cardiac remodeling. Relaxin treatment resulted in a significant increase in the levels of: Nav1.5, Cx43, βcatenin and Wnt1 in rat hearts. In isolated cardiomyocytes, Relaxin increased Nav1.5 expression. These effects were mimicked by CHIR 99021, a pharmacological activator of canonical Wnt signaling, but blocked by the canonical Wnt inhibitor Dickkopf1. Relaxin prevented TGF-β-dependent differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts into myofibroblasts while increasing the expression of Wnt1; the effects of Relaxin on cardiac fibroblast differentiation were blocked by Dickkopf1. RNASeq studies demonstrated reduced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and an increase in the expression of α- and β-globin in Relaxin-treated aged males. Relaxin reduces arrhythmogenicity in the hearts of aged rats by reduction of fibrosis and increased conduction velocity. These changes are accompanied by substantial remodeling of the cardiac tissue and appear to be mediated by increased canonical Wnt signaling. Relaxin also exerts significant anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects in the hearts of aged rodents. The mechanisms by which Relaxin increases the expression of Wnt ligands, promotes Wnt signaling and reprograms gene expression remain to be determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CC Chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), a member of the Superfamily of G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs), is an important effector in multiple physiopathological processes such as inflammatory and infectious entities, including central nervous system neuroinflammatory diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, recovery from nervous injuries, and in the HIV-AIDS infective processes. Thus, CCR5 is an attractive target for pharmacological modulation. Since maraviroc was described as a CCR5 ligand that modifies the HIV-AIDS progression, multiple efforts have been developed to describe the functionality of the receptor. In this work, we characterized key structural features of the CCR5 receptor employing extensive atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) in its apo form and in complex with an endogenous agonist, the chemokine CCL5/RANTES, an HIV entry inhibitor, the partial inverse agonist maraviroc, and the experimental antagonists Compound 21 and 34, aiming to elucidate the structural features and mechanistic processes that constitute its functional states, contributing with structural details and a general understanding of this relevant system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is extracted from the research "Relationship between executive functions and social cognition with job performance in the Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios, seccional Bello" carried out in 2019. Social cognition as a fundamental part of higher cognitive processes and Person - Environment interaction is presented as a leading actor at work and in its manifestations, that is, the level of work performance is closely linked to social interaction skills. The article works with a population made up of university professors from the city of Medellín (Colombia) whose performance is variable but within the criteria accepted by that educational institution and who, in addition, do not present emotional alterations or mental illnesses categorized in the DSM -V. A series of tests are applied to this population that are detailed throughout the writing and a direct relationship between social cognition and performance is evidenced. This investigative work promises a great contribution to the improvement, not only of the performance of the teachers, but also of the quality of life of them and their families and the positioning and continuous improvement of the IES (Institutions of Higher Education). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reconstructs and analyzes the tensions raised in a high school in La Plata from a series of actions taken by "pro-life" groups in 2018 in order to oppose the implementation of Comprehensive Sexual Education (ESI). Based on a set of interviews conducted with some of the intervening actors, the analysis of institutional documents and different secondary sources (such as journalistic articles, publications on digital social networks and photographic and audiovisual images produced through mobile phones), the paper explores the disputes regarding the ways of conceiving the religious in contemporary societies, particularly in relation to educational processes and the realization of reproductive and non-reproductive sexual rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on an ethnographic study carried out in two secondary schools in Argentina, this article analyzes the disputed meanings of the notion of the "transversality" of integrated sex education, an educational policy that challenges and defies traditional pedagogical focuses, especially with regard to sexuality. The article describes and analyzes two types of transversality that are present in the schools under study: curricular and institutional. At the same time, it highlights the importance of addressing the cultural configurations of each institution where the pedagogical practices are developed. In this manner, without assuming the complete determination of school experiences, the findings show how two different institutional configurations-referred to as normative and participative-favor or obstruct certain focuses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter that plays a key role in a wide range of both locomotive and cognitive functions in humans. Disturbances on the dopaminergic system cause, among others, psychosis, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. Antipsychotics are drugs that interact primarily with the dopamine receptors and are thus important for the control of psychosis and related disorders. These drugs function as agonists or antagonists and are classified as such in the literature. However, there is still much to learn about the underlying mechanism of action of these drugs. The goal of this investigation is to analyze the intrinsic chemical reactivity, more specifically, the electron donor–acceptor capacity of 217 molecules used as dopaminergic substances, particularly focusing on drugs used to treat psychosis. We analyzed 86 molecules categorized as agonists and 131 molecules classified as antagonists, applying Density Functional Theory calculations. Results show that most of the agonists are electron donors, as is dopamine, whereas most of the antagonists are electron acceptors. Therefore, a new characterization based on the electron transfer capacity is proposed in this study. This new classification can guide the clinical decision-making process based on the physiopathological knowledge of the dopaminergic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the filling process in pressurized hydraulic systems, sudden pressure changes generated inside the pipes can cause significant damage. To avoid these excessive overpressures, air valves should be installed to allow air exchange between the inside and outside during the filling process. This study presents a mathematical model to analyse the hydraulic transients during filling processes. This model, which has already been validated in small laboratories, is now applied to real large-scale systems that consist of DN400 and DN600 pipelines from Empresa Mixta Metropolitana S.A (EMIMET – Group Global Omnium), which is the company that manages the water supply of the metropolitan area of Valencia (from the Drinking Water Treatment Station to the municipalities). The mathematical model for large pipes is validated by comparing the experimental measurements and the results of model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Relaxin is a hormone of pregnancy first discovered for its ability to induce ligament relaxation in nonpregnant guinea pig and is important for softening of the birth canal during parturition, decidualization, implantation, nipple development and increased maternal renal perfusion, glomerular filtration, and cardiac output. Subsequently, relaxin has been shown to exert multiple beneficial cardiovascular effects during pathological events such as hypertension, atrial fibrillation, heart failure and myocardial infarction, including suppression of arrhythmia and inflammation, and reversal of fibrosis. Despite extensive studies, the mechanisms underlying relaxin's effects are not well understood. Relaxin signals primarily through its G protein coupled receptor, the relaxin family peptide receptor-1, to activate multiple signaling pathways and this review summarizes our understanding of these pathways as they relate to the cardioprotective actions of relaxin, focusing on relaxin's anti-fibrotic, anti-arrhythmic and anti-inflammatory properties. Further, this review includes a brief overview of relaxin in clinical trials for heart failure and progress in the development of relaxin mimetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Esta obra maestra del Clásico maya -esculpida hacia 782, durante el reinado de K’inich Yat Ahk-ofrece una imagen vivida y retrospectiva de la corte de Piedras Negras en 749, cuando regía Pawaaj K’an Ahk II. Este artículo ofrece una lectura íntegra de su inscripción jeroglífica y nuevas observaciones sobre elementos iconográficos y compositivos de la escena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rabies DNA vaccines based on full-length glycoprotein (G) induce virus neutralizing antibody (VNA) responses and protect against the virus challenge. Although conformational epitopes of G are the main target of VNAs, some studies have shown that a polypeptide linear epitope G5 is also able to induce VNAs. However, a G5 DNA vaccine has not been explored. While multiple doses of DNA vaccines are required in order to confer a protective immune response, this could be overcome by the inclusion of C3d-P28, a molecular adjuvant is know to improve the antibody response in several anti-viral vaccine models. To induce and enhance the immune response against rabies in mice, we evaluated two DNA vaccines based on the linear epitope G5 of Rabies Virus (RABV) glycoprotein (pVaxG5 vaccine) and another vaccine consisting of G5 fused to the molecular adjuvant C3d-P28 (pVaxF1 vaccine). VNA responses were measured in mice immunized with both vaccines. The VNA levels from the group immunized with pVaxG5 decreased gradually, while those from the group vaccinated with pVaxF1 remained high throughout the experimental study. After challenge with 22 LD50 of the Challenge Virus Strain (CVS), the survival rate of mice immunized with pVaxG5 and pVaxF1 was increased by 27% and 50% respectively, in comparison to the PBS group. Furthermore, the in vitro proliferation of anti-rabies specific spleen CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from mice immunized with pVaxF1 was observed. Collectively, these results suggest that the linear G5 epitope is a potential candidate vaccine. Furthermore, the addition of a C3d-P28 adjuvant contributed to enhanced protection, the sustained production of VNAs, and a specific T-cell proliferative response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1), a member of the class A of G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCR) superfamily, and its ligand fractalkine constitute an important biochemical axis that influence many cellular pathways involving homeostatic and inflammatory processes. They participate in the activation, chemotaxis and recruitment of multiple immunological cells such as microglia, macrophages and monocytes, and play a critical role in neuroinflammatory conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis, in the recovery from central nervous system injuries, in several chronic, peripheral inflammatory entities and in some infective processes including HIV-AIDS. In this work we present the study of the CX3CR1 receptor employing extensive atomistic Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations with the aim to characterize the conformational ensemble of the receptor in the presence of its antagonist and agonist ligands. We analyzed the receptor conformational changes and described interactions within its key regions and the bounded ligands to identify their notable differences. Finally, we classify the features that would allow the identification of patterns that characterize a functional state to contribute to the understanding of the complexity of the GPCR superfamily. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bats are important natural reservoir hosts of a diverse range of viruses that can be transmitted to humans and have been suggested to play an important role in the Zika virus (ZIKV) transmission cycle. However, the exact role of these animals as reservoirs for flaviviruses is still controversial. To further expand our understanding of the role of bats in the ZIKV transmission cycle in Latin America, we carried out an experimental infection in wild-caught Artibeus lituratus bats and sampled several free-living neotropical bats across three countries of the region. Experimental ZIKV infection was performed in wild-caught adult bats (4 females and 5 males). The most relevant findings were hemorrhages in the bladder, stomach and patagium. Significant histological findings included inflammatory infiltrate consisting of a predominance of neutrophils and lymphocytes, in addition to degeneration in the reproductive tract of males and females. This suggests that bat reproduction might be at some level affected by ZIKV. Leukopenia was also observed in some inoculated animals. Hemorrhages, genital alterations, and leukopenia are suggested to be caused by ZIKV; however, since these were wild-caught bats, we cannot exclude other agents. Detection of ZIKV by qPCR was observed at low concentrations in only two urine samples in two inoculated animals. All other animals and tissues tested were negative. Finally, no virus-neutralizing antibodies were found in any animal. To determine ZIKV infection in nature, the blood of a total of 2056 bats was sampled for ZIKV detection by qPCR. Most of the sampled individuals belonged to the genus Pteronotus sp. (23%), followed by the species Carollia sp. (17%), Anoura sp. (14%), and Molossus sp. (13.7%). No sample of any tested species was positive for ZIKV by qPCR. These results together suggest that bats are not efficient amplifiers or reservoirs of ZIKV and may not have an important role in ZIKV transmission dynamics. Author summary: In previous works in 2008–2009, we found the presence of antibodies against flaviviruses, and viral RNA was detected in Neotropical chiropterans in Mexico, which led us to support the hypothesis that these animals could be reservoirs of flaviviruses. As controversial opinions have been exposed and based on a previous (2019) experimental ZIKV infection experiment conducted at Colorado State University using adult Artibeus males from a captive colony, in this work, we also experimentally infected adult Artibeus males complementarily adding females and using wild-caught animals instead of laboratory bats. We also monitored a diverse range of natural bat populations in Latin America for the presence of viral RNA against ZIKV in blood. A plaque reduction seroneutralization test was used for the detection of antibodies against ZIKV. Similar to the previous work, we found histopathological alterations in male testicles but also in the ovaries and oviducts of females, as well as gliosis and multifocal necrosis in pyramidal neurons and Purkinge cells of inoculated animals. Only two urine samples from inoculated animals showed viral RNA. Additionally, leukopenia and lymphoid follicular splenic hyperplasia were evidenced. In contrast to what was reported, no neutralizing antibodies against ZIKV were detected in any sample. Viral RNA within the blood was not present in any of the 2056 bat samples collected in French Guiana, Peru and Costa Rica and proceeding from 34 bat genera. These results together suggest that bats are not efficient amplifiers or reservoirs of ZIKV and might not have an important role in ZIKV transmission dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo discurre sobre el descubrimiento de una serie de glíficos mayas en el sitio de Calakmul en México. El autor comenta sobre el significado de estos hallazgos, los cuales refieren a los ritos religiosos de taladrado de fuego, conocido como joch' k'ahk. También se considera la dedicación de los tableros a un dios denominado Tlacuache.

El artículo discurre sobre el sistema calendárico de la civilización maya. El autor comenta sobre la historia de la creación de este tipo de calendario cíclico y describe los componentes del tiempo, así como sus símbolos correspondientes, incluyendo k'in, que representa un día, winal, que representa 20 días, y tun, que representa 360 días. También se analizan varios calendarios de los mayas descubiertos por excavaciones arqueológicas.

This article arises with the objective of investigating the influence of statistical tools in data journalism, in private universities. The methodology is basic, with a descriptive, correlational-causal design. The sample was probabilistic, made up of 98 students to whom the validated and reliable instruments were applied with expert judgment and the Cronbach Alpha Coefficient. The results show that more than 60% of the total students presented medium levels in the use of statistical tools for data journalism. It was concluded that there is influence with a preponderant link. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo enfoca en el gobernante maya K'inich Janahb' Pakal II, del señorío de Palenque (en Chiapas, México). El autor hace referencia a la conflicitividad del siglo 6 d.C. para la dinastía de Palenque, cita la llegada al trono de K'inich Janahb' Pakal II en 615 d.C. y comenta sobre la rivalidad con la dinastía Kan (del señorío de Calakmul). También se describen los registros glíficos de las actividades de construcción del gobernante.

The parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptor type 1 (PTHR), a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), transmits signals to two hormone systems-PTH, endocrine and homeostatic, and PTH-related peptide (PTHrP), paracrine-to regulate different biological processes. PTHR responds to these hormonal stimuli by activating heterotrimeric G proteins, such as G that stimulates cAMP production. It was thought that the PTHR, as for all other GPCRs, is only active and signals through G proteins on the cell membrane, and internalizes into a cell to be desensitized and eventually degraded or recycled. Recent studies with cultured cell and animal models reveal a new pathway that involves sustained cAMP signaling from intracellular domains. Not only do these studies challenge the paradigm that cAMP production triggered by activated GPCRs originates exclusively at the cell membrane but they also advance a comprehensive model to account for the functional differences between PTH and PTHrP acting through the same receptor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In the 80s it was shown that laparoscopic surgery was fully applicable to pediatric patients and this has generated many of the conventional techniques, are reproduced by minimally invasive approaches. Despite this, even generated controversy over its aplicabalidad and development in daily practice, for this reason we have the objective to know the opinion of national pediatric surgeons on its perception of minimally invasive surgery. Material and Methods: A study of opinion, prospective, transversal and descriptive by applying a standard questionnaire applied to national pediatric surgeons for a total of 126 pediatric surgeons surveyed, in which data were collected general perception of training, satisfaction and future of minimally invasive surgery. The reliability of responses was established with the Person test, in which values less than 0.5 were considered significant. Results: Among the results obtained for 68% of respondents are from the region of the country centrooccidente. 93% of surveyed pediatric surgeons develop minimally invasive approach, of which 35% are between 5 and 10 years of experience as surgeons. 91% made less than five surgeries per week without supervision, and 31% of surgeons believed that perform in a minimally invasive unit is the best choice for training in this modality. Group of surgeons who do not practice laparoscopy, 55% consider it of little use. Conclusions: 1) The general view is that the community has an enthusiasm pediatric surgeons open to these approaches, and define a greater increase in satisfaction as pediatric surgical specialists to develop minimally invasive surgery.2) Laparoscopic surgery in our environment is widely accepted by pediatricians pirujanos group, which follows a progressive and positive developments in this area of surgery in our country, so in the coming years, should encourage the appropriate tutorial training of surgeons in training, since it is a complex approach that requires particular skills. 3) We consider the objective standardization of work plans in order to develop the skills of minimally invasive surgery baselines for residents and surgeons the skills of experienced surgeons. 4) Robotic surgery should be to promote regular, capitalizing on the growing interest in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bone growth and remodeling depend upon the opposing rates of bone formation and resorption. These functions are regulated by intrinsic seven transmembrane-spanning receptors, the parathyroid hormone receptor (PTH1R) and frizzled (FZD), through their respective ligands, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and Wnt. FZD activation of canonical β-catenin signaling requires the adapter protein Dishevelled (Dvl). We identified a Dvl-binding motif in the PTH1R. Here, we report that the PTH1R activates the β-catenin pathway by directly recruiting Dvl, independent of Wnt or LRPS/6. PTH1R coimmunoprecipitated with Dvl. Deleting the carboxyl-terminal PTH1R PDZrecognition domain did not abrogate PTH1R-Dvl interactions; nor did truncating the receptor at position 480. However, further deletion eliminating the putative Dvi recognition domain abolished PTH1R interactions with Dvl. PTH activated β-catenm in a timeand concentration-dependent manner and translocated β-catenin to the nucleus. β-Catenin activation was inhibited by Dvl2 dominant negatives and by short hairpin RNA sequences targeted against Dvl2. PTH-induced osteociastogenesis was also inhibited by Dvl2 dominant negative mutants. These findings demonstrate that G protein-coupled receptors other than FZD directly activate β-catenin signaling, thereby mimicking many of the functions of the canonical Wnt-FZD pathway. The distinct modes whereby FZD and PTH1R activate β-catenin control convergent or divergent effects on osteobiast differentiation, and osteoclastogenesis may arise from PTH1Rinduced second messenger phosphorylation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo analiza las instrucciones cúlticas para futuros gobernantes que forman parte de los textos mayas del Templo de las Inscripciones en Palenque, Chiapas (México). El autor explora la narrativa registrada por el gobernante de Palenque K'inich Janahb' Pakal (siglo 7 d.C.) y hace referencia a las creencias sobre acciones rituales y el pasaje cíclico del tiempo que evidencian las inscripciones.

El artículo enfoca en las pinturas rupestres de las cuevas mayas de la península de Yucatán. Se describen algunos de los usos rituales de las cuevas y se comenta sobre su representación pictórica en las mismas. Se destacan algunas de las cuevas con arte pictórico maya incluyendo las cuevas de Jojlá, de Yaleltsemen y de Naj Tunich.

Introduction: Gastroesophageal reflux disease is an increasingly common condition in children. Fundoplication, open or laparoscopic procedure of choice for correction. The purpose of this study is the learning curve of this modality in the resident physician in training. Material and Methods: We conducted a prospective, descriptive, longitudinal, observational study of all patients who underwent laparoscopic fundoplication in a period of 30 months, from September 2002 to February 2005. Results: Elective surgically so 87 patients, of whom 49 (56%) were male and 38 (44%) were females, with an age range of one to 17 years, with an average of 6.08 years. There were two immediate complications, both occurred in the first half of the study, one by a resident surgeon, which consisted of perforation of the anterior wall of gastric fundus and the other by surgeon attached, characterized by bleeding by damaging a glass of mesentery during placement of a trocar, both satisfactorily addressed. Discussion: A resident physicians of Pediatric Surgery, they are instructed to perform minimally invasive surgery. According to the results obtained in this study, the learning curve of a house physician is acceptable and similar to that described by other authors worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Gastroesophageal reflux surgery is the second or third in pediatric surgical pathology, with good results and excellent prognosis, several studies have been used for diagnosis, and thus determine the need for a surgical procedure for gastroesophageal reflux develop this work to determine which is the study more sensitive, specific, and greater accessibility. Material and Methods: We conducted a review of medical records of March 2000 to March 2005 patients evaluated for gastroesophageal reflux, aged 12 months to 14 years of age, who underwent imaging studies and scintigraphy, by endoscopy in all patients to present disparity in the studies or in those patients who had a atopic important component. Results: We analyzed 239 cases with a total of 67 patients who met the characteristics of the study where we found an incidence of male compared to female of 1.1 to 1, and the patients pre-school three years which prevailed in 29.7% with the main symptoms of reflux patients with respiratory disease. In the upper GI series diagnostic studies, yielded negative results in 22.3% of patients, the scan was negative gastroesophageal reflux in 35.8% of patients and endoscopy found no macroscopic esophagitis in 41.8% of patients, incompetence of the hiatus in the 29.8% of cases. Discussion: In our hospital has a slight male predominance ratio of 1.1 to 1, and greater age at presentation is three years, found in the upper GI series studies a sensitivity of 78.7% and specificity of 93.4% as that series of 52 patients with positive in only four of them were negative histopathology, the gamagrama provided a sensitivity of 64.2% and specificity of 92.8% as of 43 positive studies, only in three cases the histopathologic negative endoscopic sensitivity to macroscopic esophagitis is only 58.2% of cases but the sensitivity reaches 100%, since all the positive studies were corroborated histologically. In our study more accessible, sensitive and specific imaging was with upper GI series, while the most conclusive studies was endoscopy with biopsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The laparoscopic repair of inguinal hernia was introduced today as an alternative to conventional repair of inguinal hernia in children, however its use is less accepted. The aim of this paper is to present the experience gained with the implementation of inguinal plasty minimally invasive approach. Material and Methods: We performed a prospective observational study, we randomly selected patients aged between one and 14 years of age with clinically diagnosed unilateral inguinal hernia, performing laparoscopic surgical repair. Results: We selected 64 patients with clinical diagnosis of unilateral inguinal hernia, in which patients underwent laparoscopic inguinal plasty, making exploration of contralateral side under endoscopic vision. The incidence of bilateral inguinal hernia in male patients was 10%, and female patients 13%, operating time ranged between 20 and 55 min. None of the patients had postoperative complications or trans, or recurrences in a follow-up to three years to five months. Discussion: The results obtained in this study reported that the prevalence in the symptomatic side was right, with a lower incidence than reported, the age range do not change the bibliographic documents, being a safe alternative to have low incidence of complications and immediate and delayed contralateral exploration can not be so surgical aggression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Varicocele is a very controversial surgical pathology in the diagnosis, surgical indication and even in surgical technique. You have several questions in his trataminto. To resolve these questions we decided to make only one surgical technique is to Ivanissevich and present to you our experience. Material and Methods: A retrospective study in two general hospitals, the work was done on the basis of two earlier cases where the artery was ligated not recurred. The indication for surgery was: large varicocele, pain and diminished size of affected testis in relation to the contralateral, we studied age, surgical indications and complications. Results: There were a total of 67 cases in 15 years. Percentage of surgical indications were large varicocele, testicular volume decreased and pain. The most frequent complications were: hydrocele in six cases, even when patients have been followed has not reported any testicular atrophy or hypotrophy Discussion: The most controversial topic is whether the surgical technique should only link the artery or veins. The experience of us is that there were proportionately more recurrences when the vein ligated only when fully linked vascular bundle and there was no testicular atrophy due to lack of irrigation. Conclusions: The indications of varicocelectomy are: Major varicocele, testicular volume and decreased pain. The technique used is high ligation of the entire vascular bundle. In our cases there was no report atrophic testis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo discute el rol de las manos y los pies en la iconografía y la escritura de los antiguos mayas. Estas partes del cuerpo humano, dentro del arte maya, mostraron no sólo la naturaleza de las acciones, sino las emociones de la persona representada. Existían una multitud de gestos dentro del código de comunicación no verbal que significaban varias cosas para los mayas. Estos gestos siempre responden a otros gestos dentro del arte. No existen muchos ejemplos de los pies como glifos en la escritura maya. Sin embargo, hay unos ejemplos como el ascenso del gobernante hasta el templo representado con un camino de huellas.

The stimulation of cells with many extracellular agonists leads to the activation of phospholipase (PL)D. PLD metabolizes phosphatidylcholine to generate phosphatidic acid (PA). Neither the mechanism through which cell surface receptors regulate PLD activation nor the functional consequences of PLD activity in mitogenic signaling are completely understood. PLD is activated by protein kinase C, phospholipids, and small GTPases of the ADP-ribosylation factor and Rho families, but the mechanisms linking cell surface receptors to the activation of PLD still require detailed analysis. Furthermore, the latest data on the functional consequences of the generation of cellular PA suggest an important role for this lipid in the regulation of membrane traffic and on the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade. This review addresses these issues, examining some novel models for the physiological role of PLD and PA and discussing their potential usefulness as specific targets for the development of new therapies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Periodically driven quantum many-body systems exhibit novel nonequilibrium states, such as prethermalization, discrete time crystals, and many-body localization. Recently, the general mechanism of fractional resonances has been proposed that leads to slowing the many-body dynamics in systems with both U (1) and parity symmetry. Here, we show that fractional resonance is stable under local noise models. To corroborate our finding, we numerically study the dynamics of a small-scale Bose–Hubbard model that can readily be implemented in existing noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. Our findings suggest a possible pathway toward a stable nonequilibrium state of matter, with potential applications of quantum memories for quantum information processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the 90's, during the heyday of the global neoliberal system, technologies were developed that facilitated the recognition of the function of the consumer's brain, thus entering the field of marketing, one of them is related to consumption based on taking of purchase decisions. Therefore, the objective of this research is to contribute to business growth, strengthening management strategies on marketing actions leveraged in neuromarketing in order to better understand the motivations that precede the purchase. This is how in the business world it is not enough to analyze what customers say, nor to observe the way they behave, it is also necessary to investigate the neurocognition mechanisms involved, from there the premise starts, it is more important to discover «what the person thinks», to recognize «what he says he thinks fundamental principle of behavioral economics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Education is part of the central interests of humanity, but it is often separated and decontextualized from the surrounding reality. This is due to the detriment of research, incomplete and unconnected approaches, which do not understand the connection between ontological, epistemological and methodological aspects in educational research. For this reason, the article proposes the analysis from two divergent approaches: On the one hand, a theoretical-philosophical approach, where the conceptual foundations of educational research are pointed out, which implies the evaluation of reality (concrete, material, phenomenal, tangible), of cognitive aspects and adequate methodological frameworks to provide a complex, holistic, transdisciplinary and interdisciplinary evaluation of the educational reality, as well as of its subjects and objects of exploration. On the other hand, it specifies the implications of the onto-epistemological and methodological foundations in the quality of educational research. From a quantitative approach, non-experimental explanatory causal level, we worked with a sample made up of 85 master's students, to whom the questionnaires of the variables under study were applied. The results confirmed that the logistic regression model for the variables ontological, epistemological and methodological aspects of the quality of educational research is significantly explanatory; Likewise, according to the Nagelkerke coefficient, the variability of the quality of educational research depends on 58% of the predictive factors. It is concluded that educational research is not supported by a statistical process of interpretation and identification, which give a holistic and complex direction, for a correct reading of reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Educational feedback allows the open expression of opinions, judgments, recommendations, etc., about the teaching process to correct errors and weaknesses; affirm successes and strengths, while allowing the development of better skills in practicing teachers during daily interaction with their students. Therefore, this research is carried out with the aim of demonstrating the influence of feedback in the systematization of successful educational practices that are carried out at a distance due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample consisted of 50 students from two different sections (25 for the control group and 25 for the experimental group) of the ninth cycle of the Early Childhood specialty of the Faculty of Initial Education (FEI) of a Public University. For the data collection, an ad hoc educational experience or good practice systematization file was prepared, which evaluates the pedagogical development in four aspects of the practice: objectives, processes, results, and achievements. The results revealed that the more presence the feedback has, the better the results in the elaboration of the systematization of the educational experience. It is concluded, therefore, that remote feedback is a viable strategy to achieve academic purposes that involve developing more complex cognitive activities by university students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a method to generate nonclassical states of light in multimode microwave cavities. Our approach considers two-photon processes that take place in a system composed of N extended cavities and an ultrastrongly coupled light–matter system. Under specific resonance conditions, our method generates, in a deterministic manner, product states of uncorrelated photon pairs, Bell states, and W states in different modes on the extended cavities. Furthermore, the numerical simulations show that the generation scheme exhibits a collective effect which decreases the generation time in the same proportion as the number of extended cavity increases. Moreover, the entanglement encoded in the photonic states can be transferred towards ancillary two-level systems to generate genuine multipartite entanglement. Finally, we discuss the feasibility of our proposal in circuit quantum electrodynamics. This proposal could be of interest in the context of quantum random number generator, due to the quadratic scaling of the output state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on an emergent dynamical phase of a strongly-correlated light–matter system, which is governed by dimerization processes due to short-range and long-range two-body interactions. The dynamical phase is characterized by the spontaneous symmetry breaking of the translational invariance and appears in an intermediate regime of light–matter interaction between the resonant and dispersive cases. We describe the quench dynamics from an initial state with integer filling factor of a finite-sized array of coupled resonators, each doped with a two-level system, in a closed and open scenario. The closed system dynamics has an effective Hilbert space description that allows us to demonstrate and characterize the emergent dynamical phase via time-averaged quantities, such as fluctuations in the number of polaritons per site and linear entropy. We prove that the dynamical phase is governed by intrinsic two-body interactions and the lattice topological structure. In the open system dynamics, we show evidence about the robustness of dynamical dimerization processes under loss mechanisms. Our findings can be used to determine the light–matter detuning range, where the dimerized phase emerges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blood-feeding arthropods play a major role in the transmission of several flaviviruses, which represent an important problem for human health. Currently, dengue is one of the most important arboviral emerging diseases worldwide. Furthermore, some previous studies have reported the presence of viral nucleic acids and antibodies against dengue virus (DENV) in wild animals. Our knowledge of the role played by wildlife reservoirs in the sylvatic transmission and maintenance of DENV remains limited. Our objective was to screen blood-feeding ectoparasites (bat flies) and their common vampire bat ( Desmodus rotundus) hosts, for flaviviruses in Hidalgo, Mexico. We detected Flavivirus sequences in 38 pools of ectoparasites (Diptera: Streblidae, Strebla wiedemanni and Trichobius parasiticus) and 8 tissue samples of D. rotundus by RT-PCR and semi-nested PCR using FlaviPF1S, FlaviPR2bis, and FlaviPF3S primers specific for NS5, a gene highly conserved among flaviviruses. Phylogenetic inference analysis performed using the maximum likelihood algorithm implemented in PhyML showed that six sequences clustered with DENV (bootstrap value = 53.5%). Although this study supports other reports of DENV detection in bats and arthropods other than Aedes mosquitoes, the role of these ectoparasitic flies and of hematophagous bats in the epidemiology of DENV still warrants further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to assess intra-arch mandibular dimensional changes that may occur during mouth opening using cone beam-computed tomography (CBCT). Fifteen patients in need of any type of treatment whose execution considered a pre- and post-CBCT assessment consented and were enrolled. CBCTs were taken with the following settings: 90 kV, 8 mA, field of view (FOV) 140 by 100 mm (height and diameter), Voxel size 0.25 mm (high resolution). The pre-CBCT was executed in the maximum mandibular opening (MO), while the post-CBCT was in the maximum intercuspation (MI). A thermoplastic stent with radiopaque fiducial markers (steel ball bearings) was fabricated for each patient. Measurements were made using radiographic markers between contralateral canines and contralateral first molars and between ipsilateral canines and first molars on both sides. Paired t-tests were performed to evaluate the difference between open and closed positions on these four measurements. In the MO position were registered a significative tightening of the mandible at the canine (−0.49 mm, SD 0.54 mm; p < 0.001) and molar points (−0.81 mm, SD 0.63 mm; p < 0.001) and a significative shortening of the mandible on the right (−0.84 mm, SD 0.80 mm; p < 0.001) and left sides (−0.87 mm, SD 0.49 mm; p < 0.001). Within the study limitations, mandibular flexure determined a significant shortening and tightening between maximum intercuspation to maximum opening positions. Mandibular dimensional changes should be considered in light of other patient factors in the treatment planning of implant positioning and long-span complete arch implant-supported fixed prostheses in order to avoid technical complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo enfoca en las inscripciones glíficas del sitio arqueológico de Palenque, una antigua ciudad maya, en México. El autor describe la importancia de los tableros en reconstruir la historia de la ciudad desde el segundo siglo. También comenta sobre la información genealógica relacionada con el linaje local esculpida en los tableros.

El artículo considera la restauración de la colección de hallazgos del Templo de la Cruz Foliada y del Templo del Sol, parte del sitio arqueológico de Palenque en México. Se describe el tablero del Templo del Sol, uno de las piezas arqueológicas encontradas en el siglo 18. El autor discurre sobre el estado del tablero, el cual fue dañado por la erosión, y analiza el proceso de restauración organizado por el Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia de México.

El artículo presenta y describe una pieza arqueológica encontrada en el Templo de la Cruz, en Palenque, Chiapas, México. Caracteriza la pieza como un portaincensuario, indica el lugar donde fue excavada, y considera su asociación con el dios GI, uno de los dioses patronos de la ciudad. También se describe y descifra un texto glífico cosmogónico que alude al dios GI y se indica que todavía no se ha descifrado el nombre glífico de tal dios.

The article presents two clinical cases related to dental treatments. The first case is about a 41-year-old female patient who received an internal bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide to treat discoloration in tooth 11 after a root canal treatment. The second case is about a 34-year-old male patient with hydrocephalus, developmental disability, and congenital heart disease, who required a total mucosupported prosthesis to restore masticatory function and aesthetics. Both cases highlight the importance of considering the systemic and anatomical conditions of patients in dental treatment. [Extracted from the article]

A pivotal step in canonical Wnt signaling is Wnt-induced β-catenin stabilization. In the absence of Wnt, β-catenin is targeted for β-transducin repeats-containing proteins (β-TrCP)-mediated degradation due to phosphorylation by glycogen synthase kinase 3 (Gsk3). How canonical Wnt signaling regulates Gsk3 to inhibit β-catenin proteolysis remains largely elusive. This study reveals novel key molecular events in Wnt signaling: induction of Gsk3β ubiquitination and Gsk3β-β-TrCP binding. We found that Wnt stimulation induced prolonged monoubiquitination of Gsk3β and Gsk3β-β-TrCP interaction. Monoubiquitination did not cause Gsk3β degradation nor affects its enzymatic activity. Rather, increased monoubiquitination of Gsk3β/Gsk3β-β-TrCP association suppressed β-catenin recruitment of β-TrCP, leading to long-term inhibition of β-catenin ubiquitination and degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Relaxin-2 (RLX), a critical hormone in pregnancy, has been investigated as a therapy for heart failure. In most studies, the peptide was delivered continuously, subcutaneously for 2 weeks in animals or intravenously for 2-days in human subjects, for stable circulating [RLX]. However, pulsatile hormone levels may better uncover the normal physiology. This premise was tested by subcutaneously injecting Sprague Dawley rats (250 g, N = 2 males, 2 females/group) with human RLX (0, 30, 100, or 500 µg/kg), every 12 h for 1 day, then measuring changes in Nav1.5, connexin43, and β-catenin, 24 h later. Pulsatile RLX was measured by taking serial blood draws, post-injection. After an injection, RLX reached a peak in ∼ 60 min, fell to 50 % in 5–6 h; injections of 0, 30, 100 or 500 µg/kg yielded peak levels of 0, 11.26 ± 3.52, 58.33 ± 16.10, and 209.42 ± 29.04 ng/ml and residual levels after 24-hrs of 0, 4.9, 45.1 and 156 pg/ml, respectively. The 30 µg/kg injections had no effect and 100 µg/kg injections increased Nav1.5 (25 %), Cx43 (30 %) and β-catenin (90 %). The 500 µg/kg injections also increased Nav1.5 and Cx43 but were less effective at upregulating β-catenin (up by 25 % vs. 90 %). Periodic injections of 100 µg/kg were highly effective at increasing the expression of Nav1.5 and Cx43 which are key determinants of conduction velocity in the heart and the suppression of arrhythmias. Periodic RLX is effective at eliciting changes in cardiac protein expression and may be a better strategy for its longer-term delivery in the clinical setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In humans, co‐infection of hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV, HCV) is common and aggravates disease outcome. Infection‐mediated disease aggravation is poorly understood, partly due to lack of suitable animal models. Carnivores are understudied for hepatitis virus homologues. We investigated Mexican carnivores (ringtails, Bassariscus astutus) for HBV and HCV homologues. Three out of eight animals were infected with a divergent HBV termed ringtail HBV (RtHBV) at high viral loads of 5 × 109 –1.4 × 1010 copies/ml serum. Two of the RtHBV‐infected animals were co‐infected with a divergent hepacivirus termed ringtail hepacivirus (RtHV) at 4 × 106–7.5 × 107 copies/ml in strain‐specific qRT‐PCR assays. Immunofluorescence assays relying on HBV core and RtHV NS3/4a proteins indicated that none of the animals had detectable hepadnavirus core‐specific antibodies, whereas one RtHV‐infected animal had concomitant RtHV‐specific antibodies at 1:800 end‐point titre. RtHBV and RtHV complete genomes showed typical HBV and HCV structure and length. All RtHBV genomes were identical, whereas RtHV genomes showed four amino acid substitutions located predominantly in the E1/E2‐encoding genomic regions. Both RtHBV (>28% genomic nucleotide sequence distance) and RtHV (>30% partial NS3/NS5B amino acid sequence distance) formed new species within their virus families. Evolutionary analyses showed that RtHBV grouped with HBV homologues from different laurasiatherian hosts (carnivores, bats, and ungulates), whereas RtHV grouped predominantly with rodent‐borne viruses. Ancestral state reconstructions showed that RtHV, but not RtHBV, likely emerged via a non‐recent host switch involving rodent‐borne hepacivirus ancestors. Conserved hepatitis virus infection patterns in naturally infected ringtails indicate that carnivores may be promising animal models to understand HBV/HCV co‐infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]