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Intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) are the main radiotherapy techniques for treating and managing rectal cancer. Collimator rotation is one of the crucial parameters in radiotherapy planning, and its alteration can cause dosimetric variations. This study assessed the effect of collimator rotation on the dosimetric results of various IMRT and VMAT plans for rectal cancer.Computed tomography (CT) images of 20 male patients with rectal cancer were utilized for IMRT and VMAT treatment planning with various collimator angles. Nine different IMRT techniques (5, 7, and 9 coplanar fields with collimator angles of 0°, 45°, and 90°) and six different VMAT techniques (1 and 2 full coplanar arcs with collimator angles of 0°, 45°, and 90°) were planned for each patient. The dosimetric results of various treatment techniques for target tissue (conformity index [CI] and homogeneity index [HI]) and organs at risk (OARs) sparing (parameters obtained from OARs dose–volume histograms [DVH]) as well as radiobiological findings were analyzed and compared.The 7-fields IMRT technique demonstrated lower bladder doses (V40Gy, V45Gy), unaffected by collimator rotation. The 9-fields IMRT and 2-arcs VMAT (excluding the 90-degree collimator) had the lowest V35Gy and V45Gy. A 90-degree collimator rotation in 2-arcs VMAT significantly increased small bowel and bladder V45Gy, femoral head doses, and HI values. Radiobiologically, the 90-degree rotation had adverse effects on small bowel NTCP (normal tissue complication probability). No superiority was found for a 45-degree collimator rotation over 0 or 30 degrees in VMAT techniques.Collimator rotation had minimal impact on dosimetric parameters in IMRT planning but is significant in VMAT techniques. A 90-degree rotation in VMAT, particularly in a 2-full arc technique, adversely affects PTV homogeneity index, bladder dose, and small bowel NTCP. Other evaluated collimator angles did not significantly affect VMAT dosimetrical or radiobiological outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Dementia is a broad term referring to a decline in problem-solving abilities, language skills, memory, and other cognitive functions to a degree that it significantly disrupts everyday activities. The underlying cause of dementia is the impairment or loss of nerve cells and their connections within the brain. The particular symptoms experienced are contingent upon specific regions of the brain affected by this damage. In this research, we aimed to investigate the nonlinear dynamics of the mixed demented brain compared to healthy subjects using electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis. Method: For this purpose, EEG was recorded from 66 patients with mixed dementia and 65 healthy subjects during rest. After signal preprocessing, sample entropy and Katz fractal dimension analyses were applied to the preprocessed EEG data. Analysis of variance with repeated measures was utilized to compare the nonlinear dynamics of brain activity between dementia and healthy states and partial correlation analysis was employed to explore the relationship between EEG complexity measures and cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms of patients. Results: Based on repeated measures ANOVA, there was a significant main effect between groups for both Katz fractal dimension (F = 4.10, P = 0.01) and sample entropy (F = 4.81, P = 0.009) measures. Post hoc comparisons revealed that EEG complexity was significantly reduced in dementia mainly in the occipitoparietal and temporal areas (P < 0.05). MMSE scores were positively correlated with EEG complexity measures, while NPI scores were negatively correlated with EEG complexity measures, mainly in the occipitoparietal and temporal areas (P < 0.05). Moreover, using a KNN classifier, all significant complexity measures yielded the best classification performance with an accuracy of 98.05%, sensitivity of 97.03% and specificity of 99.16% in detecting dementia. Conclusion: This study demonstrated a unique dynamic system within the brain impacted by dementia that results in more predictable patterns of cortical activity mainly in the occipitoparietal and temporal areas. These abnormal patterns were associated with patients' cognitive capacity and neuropsychiatric symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines have progressed from a theoretical concept to a clinical reality over the last few decades. Compared to conventional vaccination methods, these vaccines have a number of benefits, such as substantial potency, rapid growth, inexpensive production, and safe administration. Nevertheless, their usefulness was restricted up to now due to worries about the erratic and ineffective circulation of mRNA in vivo. Thankfully, these worries have largely been allayed by recent technological developments, which have led to the creation of multiple mRNA vaccination platforms for cancer and viral infections. The mRNA vaccines have been demonstrated as a powerful alternative to traditional conventional vaccines because of their high potency, safety and efficacy, capacity for rapid clinical development, and potential for rapid, low‐cost manufacturing. The paper will examine the present status of mRNA vaccine technology and suggest future paths for the advancement and application of this exciting vaccine platform as a common therapeutic choice. Significance statement: With the approval of two messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines for the prevention of infectious diseases, preclinical and clinical research on mRNA vaccines in the fields of infectious diseases and cancers has greatly expanded. The discovery and efficient delivery of highly immunogenic tumor‐specific antigens poses a substantial obstacle to the development of potent anticancer vaccinations. In this article, we want to provide a thorough and in‐depth examination of mRNA vaccines, including their mechanisms of action as well as their uses in cancer immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the mechanism of biodiesel production from jatropha oil and methanol is investigated in the presence of nano-graphene oxide (NGO) with carboxy, hydroxy, and epoxy functional groups. This heterogeneous nano-catalyst can be included in the group of heterogeneous basic and acidic catalysts in biodiesel production. At first, optimized and simulated all geometric structures of jatropha oil (C57H104O6), methanol, biodiesel, and glycerin. Due to its double bond in Jatropha oil, it has two configurations of cis and trans. The obtained results show that the trans configuration is more stable when in proximity to the nano-catalyst. The structural and thermodynamic parameters were obtained and evaluated for the approach and interaction of jatropha oil with methanol on carboxy, hydroxy, and epoxy functional groups and converted to biodiesel by the DFT calculation method. Graphene oxide nano-catalysts have separation potential, reuse and removing neutralization and washing steps, reducing the amount of waste produced and most importantly reduction of cost. Among the functional groups on the edge of NGO, the hydroxy group has performed better than the carboxy functional group in terms of reaction speed and biodiesel production. Although the carboxy functional group is resistant to free fatty acids (FFAs) and water and can perform both transesterification and esterification reactions at the same time, their reaction time is much longer than the hydroxy functional group. At the same time, during electron exchange, the absorption energy of biodiesel production on the hydroxy functional group (k = 2.04 × 1011 h−1) is less than other functional groups of NGO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Colorectal cancer (CRC) cells mostly show an increase in resistance to traditional treatments like chemotherapy and immunotherapy. • small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) would be exceptional instruments that can control gene expression by RNA interference (RNAi). • To expedite the therapeutic use of siRNA, multiple targets have been investigated and clinical studies have been carried out to ascertain their safety and effectiveness. • Identifying certain targets for colorectal cancer and carrying out related clinical studies may provide more precise outcomes concerning siRNA immune-treatments. Colorectal cancer (CRC) involves various genetic alterations, with liver metastasis posing a significant clinical challenge. Furthermore, CRC cells mostly show an increase in resistance to traditional treatments like chemotherapy. It is essential to investigate more advanced and effective therapies to prevent medication resistance and metastases and extend patient life. As a result, it is anticipated that small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) would be exceptional instruments that can control gene expression by RNA interference (RNAi). In eukaryotes, RNAi is a biological mechanism that destroys specific messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules, thereby inhibiting gene expression. In the management of CRC, this method of treatment represents a potential therapeutic agent. However, it is important to acknowledge that siRNA therapies have significant issues, such as low serum stability and nonspecific absorption into biological systems. Delivery mechanisms are thus being created to address these issues. In the current work, we address the potential benefits of siRNA therapy and outline the difficulties in treating CRC by focusing on the primary signaling pathways linked to metastasis as well as genes implicated in the multi-drug resistance (MDR) process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The judiciary defends the Constitution and citizens' rights from the unconstitutional acts of the legislature and the executive. In a case where a particular law has become obsolete or is inadequate to meet the needs of the moment, the judiciary gives a sense to the current provision of a statute to address the issue. There are three government wings with specified powers and tasks for executive, legal, and judiciary authorities. Still, there are instances in which the judiciary must fill the void created by the failure of the other two wings. It is the use of legal authority to define and implement what is advantageous to society and individuals in general. Judicial activism in India affected almost every dimension of life, and it has been more than legal or written in black and white in the process. There are objections that the judgment violates the separation of powers principle. This research paper critically analyses the diverse aspects of the issue, including separation of power in India, the judicial function, the power of judicial review, judicial activism, and judicial overreach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving fluency in English is one of the academic challenges of Indian engineering graduates. The students frequently come across various difficulties in practicing English speaking. The most commonly found problem with every engineering graduate in speaking English is the impact of the mother tongue on English. Another reason is the lack of motivation to practice using English in their everyday conversations. Most of the students are shy and afraid of participating in discussions with their peers in English. Similarly, several factors can trigger difficulties in the speech abilities of engineering students, including the learning environment of the students, learning content, their interest, including the techniques used in teaching English. Engineering students may use various ways to develop their speaking skills in English. The role of English teachers is also equally important in the teaching-learning processes of English speaking skills. The teaching techniques used by the English teacher should create interest in students to practice their speaking. One such kind of technique is role play, which is so interactive, engaging, and fun way of learning English. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large classrooms are one of the major problems encountered by the teachers to manage classroom teaching. This is a common situation in every part of a multilingual country like India. Under these circumstances, the teachers are encouraged to find possible solutions to manage the class and overcome the problem. The case study conducted on this issue results in the proper implementation of Team Teaching is one of the possible solutions to the contemporary concern with large classes. Generally, as a teaching method, Team teaching delivers contextual and content material in the class carried out by two or more teachers. It provides an opportunity to pay attention to the individual in the class and extends encouragement for students. The paper aims to find how Team teaching works out in the teaching and learning process. The article focuses on the preparation, learning, and evaluation process. To carry out the study, semi-structured interviews and classroom observation are employed to focus on team teaching in teaching English. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large classrooms are one of the major problems encountered by the teachers to manage classroom teaching. This is a common situation in every part of a multilingual country like India. Under these circumstances, the teachers are encouraged to find possible solutions to manage the class and overcome the problem. The case study conducted on this issue results in the proper implementation of Team Teaching is one of the possible solutions to the contemporary concern with large classes. Generally, as a teaching method, Team teaching delivers contextual and content material in the class carried out by two or more teachers. It provides an opportunity to pay attention to the individual in the class and extends encouragement for students. The paper aims to find how Team teaching works out in the teaching and learning process. The article focuses on the preparation, learning, and evaluation process. To carry out the study, semi-structured interviews and classroom observation are employed to focus on team teaching in teaching English. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Norman McKinnel, a Scottish stage and film actor, wrote the one-act play titled The Bishop's Candlesticks. This play is based on the story narrated by Victor Hugo in his novel Les Miserables. The plot of the play is a highly appreciated humanistic story portraying love and the kind of protagonist. The bishop is considered the protagonist who leads a saintly life by adhering to religious principles. McKinnel has positioned the bishop as a significant character expressing the biblical values that he wanted to promulgate across the globe. In addition, this one-act play hints at the concept of identity and identity crisis. Reading these aspects has motivated the researcher to write the present research paper. To explore biblical implications identified in the play, I have referred to the Bible and analyzed the text from the biblical perspective. There have been innumerable research on the concept of identity and identity crisis, but the idea of identity has not been explored in the selected text; therefore, this research paper attempted to deal with it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Norman McKinnel, a Scottish stage and film actor, wrote the one-act play titled The Bishop’s Candlesticks. This play is based on the story narrated by Victor Hugo in his novel Les Miserables. The plot of the play is a highly appreciated humanistic story portraying love and the kind of protagonist. The bishop is considered the protagonist who leads a saintly life by adhering to religious principles. McKinnel has positioned the bishop as a significant character expressing the biblical values that he wanted to promulgate across the globe. In addition, this one-act play hints at the concept of identity and identity crisis. Reading these aspects has motivated the researcher to write the present research paper. To explore biblical implications identified in the play, I have referred to the Bible and analyzed the text from the biblical perspective. There have been innumerable research on the concept of identity and identity crisis, but the idea of identity has not been explored in the selected text; therefore, this research paper attempted to deal with it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring memories, identities, trauma, and nostalgia is a cakewalk for Kazuo Ishiguro, a Japanese-born British novelist. His novels mainly elaborate on children's trauma. Never Let Me Go, which is often claimed to be a sci-fi novel for its characterization of cloned humans (who are termed as students throughout the novel), ironically lacks much content about science. It instead deals with human values such as love, friendship, memories, mortality, and moral teachings. Ishiguro specializes in dealing with trauma among children; this novel also does not exhibit his talents in the area. He gives a scathing critique on how children are generally deprived of truths at their young age about life, due to which they do not develop the ability to tackle real-life situations. However, the author stresses that not all children fail or become depressed because of the truths deprived or manipulated or skipped in the teachings from the school. Through the character Kathy, the author tries to portray that a child, brought up away from the real world and manipulated from the truths about the natural world, can build up the courage to survive despite the trauma they had as a child; the former quality portrayed through the characters, Ruth and Tommy. The three characters being a clone, brought up in Hailsham (a Boarding school in England where the clones are brought up in isolation without any contact from the world), are metaphors that express the psychological conditions of human beings. This article intends to emphasize that Never Let Me Go metaphorically throws limelight upon the inability of human beings to face death, even though they are aware that they are immortal and their desires about life and love and memories through the clone characters from the novel. It also provides a contrast study about the psyche of humans and clones and the socialization attempts between the two. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of "Diction as the Revelation of Femininity: A Stylistic Approach to Ted Hughes' "The River in March" and "Sheep" is to examine the diction employed in Ted Hughes' "The River in March" and "Sheep." The present research paper adopts a stylistic approach to explore the choice of words that have assisted the poet in bringing forth femininity in the selected poems. His dexterous usage of the English language has grabbed him a reverenced position in the field of English literature. Ted Hughes, a Poet Laureate and an eminent poet of the twentieth century, is a self-reflecting poet who has strived to understand the complexities of the creative process. His language is singular, and his poetic style is lucid and fluent, stressing nature and its objects. Critics have commented that Hughes' interests in the Yorkshire dialect and the traditional oral literature have contributed to play a distinguishable role in the tone of his creative composition. His poetic language is enhanced with rhetorical devices, and the language he has employed has motivated him to carry out the present research. It employs the definition of personification as the stylistic toolkit to scrutinize the enriched poetic language in order to detect how diction reveals femininity in the respective contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The internet has irrevocably altered our lives. Technological advances promote global communication by making it easier for individuals to communicate than ever before. It has, however, created new possibilities for children to harass and abuse one another. Bullying impacts a sizable percentage of children, jeopardizing their health, emotional well-being, and capacity to succeed academically. Bullying has also been related to long-term consequences that last far into adulthood. Cyberbullying has affected our culture, and it is incredibly upsetting to read about adolescents contemplating suicide or suffering significant emotional scarring due to the abuse of modern communication technologies, such as social media. Cyberbullying is on the rise, and parents and educators cannot afford to ignore it. In contrast to prior research, this one is conclusive, descriptive, and non-empirical in nature. This essay aims to delve further into online bullying and harassment, more often referred to as cyberbullying. The bulk of the book is dedicated to the many issues surrounding cyberbullying, including the definition and characteristics of applicable cyberbullying laws. The book then discusses the external and internal repercussions of cyberbullying and the need for educators to adopt best practices to prevent bullying. The article concludes with recommendations for dealing with cyberbullying aimed towards young children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spatial importance of human and political geography is an abbreviation. The relationship between man and nature is often discussed. All other human relationships rely on it as the cornerstone and sustaining a vital connection. The method of evaluating and creating physical geography of human-geographic relations is the same as the human approach. This is evolving and progressing with regard to the success of production forces and social development. Nature offers a diverse variety of experiences. The analysis of humanity's complex relationship with political geography is now receiving more attention. It is a symbol of social change and people's awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mild and efficient olefin epoxidation and direct conversion of alkenes to cyclic carbonates from alkenes has been developed using catalytic TAIm[X] (X=WO 4 2-, HSO 5 -) recyclable ionic liquid. [Display omitted] • TAIm[WO 4 ] and TAIm[HSO 5 ] recyclable ILs were synthesized via an anion exchange of the corresponding salts. • The ILs were utilized as two sustainable, recyclable, and efficient catalysts for the olefins H 2 O 2 epoxidation. • The resulting ionic liquids were also used as recyclable solvents for the epoxidation under ultrasound irradiation. • Domino synthesis of cyclic carbonates from terminal and cyclic alkenes was efficiently performed in the presence of low CO 2(g) pressure. • TAIm[HSO 5 ] IL showed superior activity than TAIm[WO 4 ] IL in terms of selectivity and efficiency. TAIm[WO 4 ] and TAIm[HSO 5 ] ionic liquids were prepared and used as efficient solvent and recyclable catalysts for the mild epoxidation of olefins and the domino preparation of cyclic carbonate from alkenes under ultrasound irradiation·H 2 O 2 was used as an oxidant. The physical properties and structure of the ionic liquids were studied by various analytical methods including FTIR, EDX, viscosity, and density measurements. High to excellent yields were obtained for a wide variety of olefins whether aliphatic or aromatic types for the epoxides as well as the conversion of cyclic and terminal olefins to cyclic carbonates at low CO 2(g) pressure (∼1 atm.). Moderate CO 2(g) solubility in the ionic liquids was found. Also, excellent epoxide-selectivity was obtained for all olefins. Scalability of the method demonstrated a direct scalability for the promising gram scale epoxidation of olefins with at least efficiency loss. The TAIm[WO 4 ] and TAIm[HSO 5 ] ionic liquids could be recycled from the homogenous mixture by a simple solvent–solvent extraction, and reused for at least several times with insignificant activity loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is a genetic and complex disorder, resulting from several events associated with onset, development, and metastasis. Tumor suppressors and oncogenes are among the main regulators of tumor progression, contributing to various cancer-related behaviors like cell proliferation, invasion, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell cycle, and apoptosis. Transcription factors (TFs) could act as tumor suppressors or oncogenes in cancer progression. E-twenty-six/E26 (ETS) family of TFs have a winged helix-turn-helix (HLH) motif, which interacted with specific DNA regions with high levels of purines and GGA core. ETS proteins act as transcriptional repressors or activators to modulate the expression of target genes. ETS transcription factor ELK3 (ELK3), as a type of ETS protein, was shown to enhance in various cancers, suggesting that it may have an oncogenic role. These studies indicated that ELK3 promoted invasion, migration, cell cycle, proliferation, and EMT, and suppressed cell apoptosis. In addition, these studies demonstrated that ELK3 could be a promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in human cancer. Moreover, accumulating data proved that ELK3 could be a novel chemoresistance mediator in human cancer. Here, we aimed to explore the overall change of ELK3 and its underlying molecular mechanism in human cancers. Moreover, we aimed to investigate the potential role of ELK3 as a prognostic and diagnostic biomarker as well as its capability as a chemoresistance mediator in cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nucleic acid vaccines (NAVs) have the potential to be economical, safe, and efficacious. Furthermore, just the chosen antigen in the pathogen is the target of the immune responses brought on by NAVs. Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatment shows great promise for nucleic acid‐based vaccines, such as DNA (as plasmids) and RNA (as messenger RNA [mRNA]). Moreover, cancer vaccines offer a compelling approach that can elicit targeted and long‐lasting immune responses against tumor antigens. Bacterial plasmids that encode antigens and immunostimulatory molecules serve as the foundation for DNA vaccines. In the 1990s, plasmid DNA encoding the influenza A nucleoprotein triggered a protective and targeted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response, marking the first instance of DNA vaccine‐mediated immunity. Similarly, in vitro transcribed mRNA was first successfully used in animals in 1990. At that point, mice were given an injection of the gene encoding the mRNA sequence, and the researchers saw the production of a protein. We begin this review by summarizing our existing knowledge of NAVs. Next, we addressed NAV delivery, emphasizing the need to increase efficacy in TNBC. Significance statement: Nucleic acid vaccines (NAVs) have the potential to be economical, safe, and efficacious. Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatment shows great promise for nucleic acid‐based vaccines, such as DNA (as plasmids) and RNA (as messenger RNA [mRNA]). Tumor‐derived antigens, or TAs, are the target for tumor vaccines, which aim to elicit an immune response. In the 1990s, plasmid DNA encoding the influenza A nucleoprotein triggered a protective and targeted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response. DNA vaccines have a drawback of having relatively poor immunogenicity profiles, which hinders their desired clinical applicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Education has been acknowledged as the key factor contributing to personality development and identity formation. To ensure appropriate education, it is thus of utmost importance to reflect on the power of the educational content. As a result, respecting Islamic values from a major authentic source, like the Holy Qur'an, paves the ground to fulfil this goal. On the contrary, the first and foremost educators to convey these values are the family, because each person mainly spends the time of one's education in this small, primary social institution. Above and beyond, the building block of a society and the starting point of a culture, a civilisation and human history is the family. As a noble book of guidance for the human beings, the Holy Qur'an has accordingly shed light on the role of the family. Against this background, this study, adopting a descriptive analytical approach, aimed to investigate the Islamic family from the perspective of the Holy Qur'an with an emphasis on the education of children. Accordingly, the Holy Qur'an reveals that the main purposes of creating a family are inner peace, generational survival and expansion of the faith and monotheism. A healthy family environment can thus have a profound impact on cultivating moral character and virtues. In view of the Holy Qur'an, the family is the first place to seek relief and perform the acts of worship. No divine religions have also given as much value to the family as Islam, which implies its comprehensiveness. Despite much attention to the family in most societies, it receives special importance in the Qur'anic teachings. This article is a review study that dealt with Qur'anic concepts related to education in the family. Therefore, after categorising different Qur'anic verses, analyses have been presented in each category. Contribution: Islam has set many specific programmes and educational instructions from childbirth and then delegated their implementation to the family. Accordingly, this noble religion offers many guidelines for picking a perfect name, breastfeeding and weaning, loving, observing justice and fulfilling promises in relation to children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous recent studies have examined the impact epigenetics—including DNA methylation—has on spermatogenesis and male infertility. Differential methylation of several genes has been linked to compromised spermatogenesis and/or reproductive failure. Specifically, male infertility has been frequently associated with DNA methylation abnormalities of MEST and H19 inside imprinted genes and MTHFR within non-imprinted genes. Microbial infections mainly result in male infertility because of the immune response triggered by the bacteria' accumulation of immune cells, proinflammatory cytokines, and chemokines. Thus, bacterially produced epigenetic dysregulations may impact host cell function, supporting host defense or enabling pathogen persistence. So, it is possible to think of pathogenic bacteria as potential epimutagens that can alter the epigenome. It has been demonstrated that dysregulated levels of LncRNA correlate with motility and sperm count in ejaculated spermatozoa from infertile males. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the relationship between decreased reproductive capacity and sperm DNA methylation status should aid in creating new diagnostic instruments for this condition. To fully understand the mechanisms influencing sperm methylation and how they relate to male infertility, more research is required. • A significant factor influencing spermatogenesis and male infertility is DNA methylation. • Specific genes' methylation has been linked frequently to male infertility. • Epigenetic changes in immune and non-immune-related genes cause male infertility. • Epigenetic alterations affect the immune system or have a direct effect on male infertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focused on the optimal energy operation of the stand-alone electrical distribution grid based on technical and economic indices under uncertainty of the load demand and renewable energy sources. The two reserve strategies consisting of (1) power-to-gas (P2G) technology as a storage system and (2) load curtailment strategy (LCS) are taken into account as proposed approaches to improvement of the technical and economic indices at operation time. Using P2G technology, stored natural gas can be applied to backup generators to meet demand at peak times. As well, LCS is implemented subject to bid prices to consumers for demand reduction at emergency times. The multi-objective functions such as (1) minimizing the operation cost, (2) maximizing the reliability, and (3) improving the voltage profile are considered as main economic and technical objectives. The optimization of the proposed approach is carried out by the ant colony algorithm. On the other side, by the TOPSIS decision-making method, the desired optimal solution is obtained in non-dominated solutions. Finally, in order to represent the effectiveness and validation of proposed reserve strategies, the mentioned strategies are applied to the IEEE-33 bus as an electrical distribution grid in three case studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Religion is among the determinants of human beliefs and values in various societies, shaping people's behaviours in a range of life aspects, including the workplace. In view of the influence of religion in Malaysia, this issue becomes highly significant. With regard to the profound impact of religion on creating individual and collective behaviours, the present study aims to investigate the effects of religious behaviours (RBs) on organisational commitment (OC) among Malaysian healthcare workers (HCWs) in 2022, by a survey method implemented using standardised questionnaires for data collection. The statistical population comprised of 2500 HCWs from 10 hospitals in Kuala Lumpur, Georgetown and Malacca, Malaysia, selected by the simple random sampling among the Muslim staff. The data analysis was further fulfilled using the AMOS software package for structural equation modelling (SEM). In general, the study results demonstrated a significant and positive relationship between RBs and OC among Malaysian HCWs (p-value = 0.84, t-statistic = 6.50). Contribution: As demonstrated by the study results, it is possible to inspire OC among employees through strengthening RBs and take advantages of the results. Thus, RBs shown by employees can definitely bring positive results to organisations; therefore, OC in Malaysian HCWs improves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on developing a machine learning (ML) model, specifically a Bayesian-optimized deep neural network, leveraging numerical simulation data for the prediction of fracture toughness (K IC) and crack growth rate (CGR) in Quenched-and-Tempered Steel (AISI 4140 alloy) under hydrogen embrittlement conditions. The proposed model demonstrated superior accuracy with Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) values of 0.052 for K IC and 0.084 for CGR, surpassing conventional ML models including random forest (0.094 for K IC , 0.139 for CGR), gradient boosting (0.184 for K IC , 0.196 for CGR), support vector regression (0.142 for K IC , 0.110 for CGR), and decision tree regression (0.119 for K IC , 0.133 for CGR). The findings also revealed that input parameters such as temperature, hydrogen concentration, and hydrostatic stress carry higher weight factors compared to other parameters in predicting K IC. Similarly, the prediction of high CGR values, ranging from 5.9 × 10−5 to 9.5 × 10−5 m/s, was associated with the importance of hydrostatic stress, strain rate, and initial crack length in the prediction model. This underscores the model's ability to capture the intricate dependencies of output objectives on input features. Furthermore, a comprehensive case study, informed by the ML model, highlights the potential for tuning specific processing input parameters to manage hydrogen embrittlement effectively, contributing to a deeper understanding of its dynamics. • Developed ML model predicts fracture toughness and crack growth rate. • Superior accuracy shown with RMSE: 0.052 for KIC, 0.084 for CGR. • Input parameter weight factors differ for each output prediction. • ML enables hydrogen embrittlement identification and characterization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]