Specific small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) for targeting the metastasis, immune responses, and drug resistance of colorectal cancer cells (CRC).

• Colorectal cancer (CRC) cells mostly show an increase in resistance to traditional treatments like chemotherapy and immunotherapy. • small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) would be exceptional instruments that can control gene expression by RNA interference (RNAi). • To expedite the therapeutic use of siRNA, multiple targets have been investigated and clinical studies have been carried out to ascertain their safety and effectiveness. • Identifying certain targets for colorectal cancer and carrying out related clinical studies may provide more precise outcomes concerning siRNA immune-treatments. Colorectal cancer (CRC) involves various genetic alterations, with liver metastasis posing a significant clinical challenge. Furthermore, CRC cells mostly show an increase in resistance to traditional treatments like chemotherapy. It is essential to investigate more advanced and effective therapies to prevent medication resistance and metastases and extend patient life. As a result, it is anticipated that small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) would be exceptional instruments that can control gene expression by RNA interference (RNAi). In eukaryotes, RNAi is a biological mechanism that destroys specific messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules, thereby inhibiting gene expression. In the management of CRC, this method of treatment represents a potential therapeutic agent. However, it is important to acknowledge that siRNA therapies have significant issues, such as low serum stability and nonspecific absorption into biological systems. Delivery mechanisms are thus being created to address these issues. In the current work, we address the potential benefits of siRNA therapy and outline the difficulties in treating CRC by focusing on the primary signaling pathways linked to metastasis as well as genes implicated in the multi-drug resistance (MDR) process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]