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The results of a comparative study of the genetic structure, parameters of intraspecific genetic diversity, and spatial differentiation of 35 populations of Picea abies–P. obovata–P. koraiensis species complex, located within the areas of distribution of "pure" species and in the contact zones of their ranges were presented. P. abies populations from Eastern Europe (Belarus, Poland); spruce populations from the European part of Russia, the Urals, and the West Siberian Plain, located in the zone of P. abies and P. obovata introgressive hybridization; P. obovata populations from various parts of the extensive range of this species in Siberia and Mongolia; and P. koraiensis populations from the Russian Far East and Northeast China were analyzed. The study of genetic variability and differentiation of populations was based on the analysis of variability of three microsatellite loci: Pt63718, Pt71936, and Pt26081, developed on the basis of Pinusthunbergii Parl chloroplast genome. The use of these DNA markers made it possible to obtain data indicating a fairly high degree of P. koraiensis genetic divergence from two other spruce species included in the complex, P. abies and P. obovata. Korean spruce growing in the Far East differs significantly from the populations of these species in the number and composition of haplotypes, the level of genetic diversity, and population structure, which gives us reason to consider it as a separate species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), as novel electronic devices for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy, are better suited as signal-testing sensors or as components within larger wearable Internet of Things (IoT) or Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems, where they handle small-device power supply and signal acquisition. Consequently, TENGs hold promising applications in self-powered sensor technology. As global energy supplies become increasingly tight, research into self-powered sensors has become critical. This study presents a self-powered sport sensor system utilizing a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), which incorporates a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film doped with graphene and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as friction materials. The graphene-doped TPU nanocomposite film-based TENG (GT-TENG) demonstrates excellent working durability. Furthermore, the GT-TENG not only consistently powers an LED but also supplies energy to a sports timer and an electronic watch. It serves additionally as a self-powered sensor for monitoring human movement. The design of this self-powered motion sensor system effectively harnesses human kinetic energy, integrating it seamlessly with sport sensing capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dolerite dikes were studied in the western part of the Aldan terrane, in the middle reaches of the Tokko River. These dolerite dikes form a swarm of submeridional trend about 1 km wide. The dolerites of the thickest dike preserve their primary textural and structural features and mineral composition: plagioclase + pigeonite + augite + titanomagnetite. Dolerite in the chilled margins and central parts of the dike are homogeneous in composition, corresponds to low-Mg tholeiites, has low contents of Ti and other HFSE, with weak enrichment in light REE and small negative Nb anomalies. Sm–Nd isotope data on magmatic minerals of dolerite from the central part of the dike yield a good linear regression in an isochron diagram that gives to an age of 2510 ± 64 Ma, which probably corresponds to the crystallization age of the basalt. Metadolerites in a thin dike retain plagioclase porphyritic structures, but the pyroxenes are completely replaced by amphibole and chlorite. The metadolerites are contrastingly different in low contents of MgO, Cr, and Ni and in higher contents of TiO2, Fe2O3, P2O5, Nb, and all REE. The differences in the composition of the dikes may be explained by the longterm (about 65%) crystallization differentiation of the initial melt and the emplacement of the residual melt from a shallow intermediate magma chamber via opening cracks. Such conditions probably may have existed in tectonically stable intraplate settings. The age of the dolerites of the dike swarm is comparable to that of the anorogenic granites of the Nelyuki complex (~2.4–2.5 Ga), which are widespread in the western part of Aldan granulite–gneiss terrane. Our data bridge some gaps in characteristics of intraplate anorogenic magmatism that occurred in the western Aldan Shield in the Late Archean and marked the final consolidation of a large block of Archean crust in the Chara–Olekma granite–greenstone area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents research on the assessment of the radioecological state of plant cover surrounding two research reactor facilities located within the Semipalatinsk Test Site (STS) as examples of nuclear fuel cycle facilities (NFC). Source data on the concentrations of artificial radionuclides in the plant cover were obtained. Quantitative values for 137Cs, 241Am, and 239+240Pu activity concentrations were determined in plants across the perimeters of the facilities, indicating that these compounds may be present in the associated media from the perspective of accumulative bioindication. The values determined for artificial radionuclides in the 'soil‒plant' system around the researched NFC facilities were attributed to radioactive contamination of the STS territory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder have distinct alterations in arousal mechanisms. • The arousal mechanisms are relatively more preserved in schizoaffective disorder compared to schizophrenia. • Arousal in high alpha band is associated with negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Alpha activity in the electroencephalogram (EEG) is typically dominant during rest with closed eyes but suppressed by visual stimulation. Previous research has shown that alpha-blockade is less pronounced in schizophrenia patients compared to healthy individuals, but no studies have examined it in schizoaffective disorder. A resting state EEG was used for the analysis of the alpha-reactivity between the eyes closed and the eyes opened conditions in overall (8 – 13 Hz), low (8 – 10 Hz) and high (10 – 13 Hz) alpha bands in three groups: schizophrenia patients (SC, n = 30), schizoaffective disorder (SA, n = 30), and healthy controls (HC, n = 36). All patients had their first psychotic episode and were receiving antipsychotic therapy. A significant decrease in alpha power was noted across all subjects from the eyes-closed to eyes-open condition, spanning all regions. Alpha reactivity over the posterior regions was lower in SC compared to HC within overall and high alpha. SA showed a trend towards reduced alpha reactivity compared to HC, especially evident over the left posterior region within the overall alpha. Alpha reactivity was more pronounced over the middle and right posterior regions of SA as compared to SC, particularly in the high alpha. Alpha reactivity in SC and SA patients was associated with various negative symptoms. Our findings imply distinct alterations in arousal mechanisms in SC and SA and their relation to negative symptomatology. Arousal is more preserved in SA. This study is the first to compare the EEG features of arousal in SC and SA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents research findings on 3H in abiotic environmental compartments, specifically, the 'water-soil-air' system. All of the research areas are located within the Semipalatinsk Test Site (STS): the perimeter of the 'Degelen' site, the riverside zone of the Shagan river and the 'background' area–the southeastern part of the STS (SEP). As research progressed, numerical values of 3H and its species were revealed in various environmental compartments. The presence of 3H was registered not only in underground nuclear test locations but also in the 'background' area–SEP. Maximum 3H tritium concentrations in the water were detected at the 'Degelen' site (up to 57000±5000 Bq/kg) and the Shagan riv (up to 61500±6000 Bq/kg), in the air of the 'Degelen' site (up to 56±11 Bq/m3), in the soil of the 'Degelen' site (up to 5170±500 Bq/kg) and the Shagan riv (4100±400 Bq/kg) in the free water, at SEP (up to 1710±170 Bq/kg) in the organic constituent. Based upon all of the findings, 3H was found to be readily distributed in abiotic environmental compartments depending on certain conditions. Research suggests that water plays a key role in 3H migration processes in the natural system of interest. The second most but equally important constituent is soil and microorganisms of plant and animal origin living there. These assumptions are indirectly proven by research findings that show the HTO and HT air concentration dynamics depending on the sampling location. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composite materials based on the Ti-Si-C system were obtained by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis with the use of carbon black and graphene as a source of carbon. The comparative investigations of the phase composition and structure of the materials were performed by X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy. It is shown that in the sample obtained with carbon black, ∼ 94 wt.% of MAX-phase Ti3SiC2 is formed. When graphene is used, the content of the MAX phase is heterogeneous throughout the sample volume and is in the range of ∼ 67 – 90 wt.%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction There is no cure for tinnitus, which is a highly prevalent condition in service members and veterans. Battlefield acupuncture (BFA) can be used to manage pain and stress-related symptoms. We investigated BFA as a safe, low-cost treatment for tinnitus perception and coping in eight chronic tinnitus patients who were followed for 6 months after two BFA treatments to identify changes in tinnitus severity or impact. Materials and Methods Patients completed case history, Tinnitus Screener, Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI), Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaires at baseline, at two BFA treatment sessions (2 weeks apart), and at four follow-up sessions (at 1, 2, 4 and 6 months after treatment). Questionnaire score changes were evaluated over time by using restricted maximum likelihood hierarchical regression modeling from baseline to 1-, 2-, 4-, and 6-month post-treatment follow-ups. Results TFI and TRQ group means were both significantly reduced at 1 month after treatment, and these reductions persisted through the 2- and 4-month follow-ups. The TRQ group mean remained significantly reduced after 6 months. Conclusions Findings from eight chronic tinnitus sufferers who received two BFA treatment sessions are reported here, suggesting at least short-term treatment benefits observed as reductions in tinnitus-related psychological distress and impact. Although these findings are constrained by the study's small sample size and limited treatment period, its findings underscore the need for further research to determine the potential benefits of BFA for individuals who suffer from chronic tinnitus. Future research should consider the possibility of more lasting benefits through extended BFA treatment, with a comparison of BFA treatment against other treatment methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper highlights recent results from the PHENIX experiment. Measurements of identified charged hadron, -meson production in and collisions as well as measurements of identified charged hadron, , , , meson production in small collision systems are presented. Latest results on collectivity effects in small systems and nonprompt photon production in collisions will also be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potential use of Lu2O2SO4:xEu3+ as a contrast agent in multifunctional medical imaging was studied. Powders of Lu2O2SO4 : xEu3+ (x = 1–7 mol %) solid solutions consisting of spherical particles with a diameter of approximately 300 nm were synthesized by co-precipitation followed by calcination. The duration of synthesis influences the particle morsphology: increase in the coprecipitation duration leads to coarse particles that lost their spherical shape due to formation of conglomerates. Excitation of Lu2O2SO4 : Eu3+ at a wavelength of 270 nm leads to the appearance of distinct peaks in the 610–620 and 690–710 nm regions, with intensity depending on the concentration of Eu3+ ions in a sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Luciferases from copepods Metridia longa and Gaussia princeps are successfully used as bioluminescent reporters for in vivo and in vitro assays. Here, we report the minimal sequence of copepod luciferases required for bioluminescence activity that was revealed by gradual deletions of sequence encoding the smallest MLuc7 isoform of M. longa luciferase. The single catalytic domain is shown to reside within the G32-A149 MLuc7 sequence and to be formed by both non-identical repeats, including 10 conserved Cys residues. Because this part of MLuc7 displays high homology with those of other copepod luciferases, our suggestion is that the determined boundaries of the catalytic domain are the same for all known copepod luciferases. The involvement of the flexible C-terminus in the retention of the bioluminescent reaction product in the substrate-binding cavity was confirmed by structural modeling and kinetics study. We also demonstrate that the ML7-N10 mutant (15.4 kDa) with deletion of ten amino acid residues at the N-terminus can be successfully used as a miniature bioluminescent reporter in living cells. Application of a shortened reporter may surely reduce the metabolic load on the host cells and decrease steric and functional interference at its use as a part of hybrid proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Mossbauer and Raman spectroscopy have been used for studying structural changes arising due to the thermal decomposition of fullerite C60/70 at heating to 1600 °C in CO medium. The scheme of the structural changes of fullerite at the initial graphitization temperatures is given. It is shown that the thermal disordering of fullerite with the formation of a fullerite-like amorphous phase is observed at heating above 900 °C. The subsequent ordering of carbon takes place at the temperature of 1600 °C with the formation of a graphite-like amorphous phase. The graphitization process proceeds with the formation of turbostratic carbon and crystalline graphite with a low degree of ordering. The nature of the formation of carbon substructures is considered. Carbon structural changes are accompanied by morphological changes. Comparative studies of changes in the structure of soot, graphite and glass-like carbon during heating have been presented. The catalytic effect of Fe on the processes of the disordering of initial fullerite is considered. It is shown that in the Fe presence the temperature of the phase transition 'fullerite-graphite' decreases from 1600 to 760 °C. Graphite, formed after the Fe3C decomposition, is characterized by a higher degree of ordering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Illumina sequencing systems demonstrate high efficiency and power and remain the most popular platforms. Platforms with similar throughput and quality profiles but lower costs are under intensive development. In this study, we compared two platforms Illumina NextSeq 2000 and GeneMind Genolab M for 10x Genomics Visium spatial transcriptomics. Results: The performed comparison demonstrates that GeneMind Genolab M sequencing platform produces highly consistent with Illumina NextSeq 2000 sequencing results. Both platforms have similar performance in terms of sequencing quality and detection of UMI, spatial barcode, and probe sequence. Raw read mapping and following read counting produced highly comparable results that is confirmed by quality control metrics and strong correlation between expression profiles in the same tissue spots. Downstream analysis including dimension reduction and clustering demonstrated similar results, and differential gene expression analysis predominantly detected the same genes for both platforms. Conclusions: GeneMind Genolab M instrument is similar to Illumina sequencing efficacy and is suitable for 10x Genomics Visium spatial transcriptomics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both natural and manmade components are used as photoprotective means in cosmetics. In this work, the photoprotective properties of aqueous extracts of Melissa officinalis and Mentha piperita and of aqueous solutions of troxerutin and ferulic acid were studied by UV spectroscopy. The photoprotective performance of these substances was evaluated by such parameters as the sun protection factor SPFin vitro, critical wavelength λcrit, and ratio of the areas under the absorbance curve in the ranges 320–400 and 290–320 nm (UV-A/UV-B). The resistance of the substances to the UV radiation was also evaluated. The study revealed certain photoprotective properties of aqueous extracts of Melissa officinalis and Mentha piperita. The extract obtained from Melissa officinalis and treated to remove ballast substances showed the highest SPFin vitro value. However, the absorption properties of the vegetable extracts decrease in the course of prolonged UV irradiation simulating the solar irradiation. Troxerutin absorbs UV light mainly in the range 320–400 nm, is resistant to UV radiation and atmospheric oxygen in aqueous solutions, and can be used as a UV-A filter in cosmetic formulations. Ferulic acid absorbs UV radiation mainly in the wavelength range 280–320 nm, but under the action of UV radiation the absorption properties of a ferulic acid solution change significantly. The UV spectrum of ferulic acid also changes under the action of atmospheric oxygen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reviews cooperation between the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) and their collective efforts to promote reform of international financial institutions, shape global financial regulation and improve financial cooperation. The authors focus on the BRICS–G20 engagement for global economic governance reform. To assess the progress so far, the study employs original quantitative data on the BRICS and G20 commitments and compliance, and qualitative analysis of the BRICS and G20 discourse and the transformation of the international economic architecture. The results suggest that, contrary to the common perception of the BRICS as a challenger of the traditional western-dominated international monetary and financial system, it acts in a cooperative manner, seeking to make the international financial architecture and global regulation more representative and responsive to emerging markets and developing economies needs, and strengthen the stability and resilience of international and domestic financial markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Processing of pseudohomophones requiring morphological analysis increases N400 amplitude. • Pseudohomophones based on the traditional writing principle modulate P600. • Both pseudohomophones activate the left inferior frontal gyrus. • Pseudohomophones based on traditional principles activate additional postcentral areas. Spelling in any writing system is governed by fundamental principles. We examined the processing of two types of pseudohomophones constructed from words whose spellings are based on different principles – on the traditional principle of writing, requiring memorization of their spelling, and on the morphological principle, allowing the determination of their spelling from another word with the same morpheme (root) to examine the dependence of the occurrence of orthography–phonology conflict on spelling principles. Event-related potentials were recorded from 22 volunteers during silent reading. Pseudohomophones based on the morphological principle increased the N400 amplitude, emphasizing semantic and morphological processing importance. The P600 component showed significant effects for differentiating words and pseudohomophones based on the traditional principle, predominantly indicating the involvement of memory and reanalysis processes. Source reconstruction demonstrates that both pseudohomophones activate the left inferior frontal gyrus. However, pseudohomophones based on the traditional principle additionally activate the right and left postcentral gyrus, indicating the involvement of additional areas in the differentiation process. The earlier differences for stimuli based on the morphological principle indicate access to smaller units (morphemes), whereas stimuli based on the traditional principle require whole word processing. Our findings underscore the significant role of spelling principles in orthographic processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radiotherapy (RT) is considered as a standard in the treatment of most solid cancers, including glioblastoma, lung, breast, rectal, prostate, colorectal, cervical, esophageal, and head and neck cancers. The main challenge in RT is tumor cell radioresistance associated with a high risk of locoregional relapse and distant metastasis. Despite significant progress in understanding mechanisms of radioresistance, its prediction and overcoming remain unresolved. This review presents the state-of-the-art for the potential universal biomarkers correlated to the radioresistance and poor outcome in different cancers. We describe radioresistance biomarkers functionally attributed to DNA repair, signal transduction, hypoxia, and angiogenesis. We also focus on high throughput genetic and proteomic studies, which revealed a set of molecular biomarkers related to radioresistance. In conclusion, we discuss biomarkers which are overlapped in most several cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glioblastoma (GBM) is considered one of the most aggressive human cancers. Earlier, our group have demonstrated that alternative RNA splicing plays an important role in the regulation of the GBM phenotype. To continue this study, we analyzed the type of RNA splicing and the expression levels of the spliceosomal genes in a large number of tumor tissue samples and patient-derived GBM sphere lines. We demonstrated that the expression level of splicing factors allows dividing GBM patients into groups with different survival prognosis and also reflects the phenotype of the tumor. In addition, we identified the alternative splicing events that may regulate the GBM phenotype. Finally, we for the first time compared the expression profiles of the spliceosomal genes in different regions of the same tumor and identified splicing factors whose expression most significantly correlates with GBM patients' survival. Aforementioned data emphasize the important role of pre-mRNA splicing in GBM progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review highlights methods for the synthesis of five- and six-membered heterocycles and their annulated analogues. These methods are based on anionic domino reactions that have a common step: an SN 2/Thorpe–Ziegler reaction. In addition, data on the biological activity of these heterocycles are summarized. 1 Introduction 2 Synthesis of Thiophenes, Pyrroles, Furans and Other Heterocycles 2.1 Synthesis of 3-Aminothiophenes 2.2 Synthesis of 3-Aminopyrroles 2.3 Synthesis of 3-Aminofurans 3 Synthesis of Bicyclic Heterocyclic Systems 3.1 Thiophenes, Pyrroles and Furans Fused with Five-Membered Heterocycles 3.2 Thiophenes, Pyrroles and Furans Fused with Six-Membered Heterocycles 4 Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds Using Three-Step Domino Reactions 5 Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds Based on a Combination of Two Domino Reactions 6 Miscellaneous 7 Conclusion [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polysilicon-on-oxide (POLO) passivating contacts and interdigitated back-contact (IBC) cell technologies have recently attracted a lot of interest as candidates for the implementation in the next generation of solar cells. An IBC cell with POLO junctions for both polarities − a POLO2-IBC cell − has to electrically isolate the highly defective p+ and n+ poly-Si regions on the rear side of the cell to avoid parasitic recombination. Inserting an initially undoped, intrinsic (i) region between the p+ and n+ poly-Si regions was demonstrated to successfully prevent the parasitic recombination in the transition region of ISFH's 26.1%-efficient POLO2-IBC cell. In order to further improve the conversion efficiency towards 27%, we apply hydrogen-donating dielectric layer stacks to the p+-(i)-n+ POLO interdigitating rear side to enhance the passivation quality of the POLO junctions. We indeed show a significant improvement of POLO junctions on symmetrical full-area homogenously doped reference samples, but when we apply a hydrogen-donating layer stack on the p+-(i)-n+ POLO interdigitating rear side, we observe a strong degradation in the performance of the POLO2-IBC cell. We attribute this to the formation of a conductive channel between the p+ and n+ poly-Si regions due to the strong negative charge density of the hydrogen-donating layer stack. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) is a key component of reverse cholesterol transport in humans. In the previous studies, we demonstrated expression of the apoA-I gene in human monocytes and macrophages; however, little is known on the regulation of the apoA-I expression in macrophages during the uptake of modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL), which is one of the key processes in the early stages of atherogenesis leading to formation of foam cells. Here, we demonstrate a complex nature of the apoA-I regulation in human macrophages during the uptake of oxidized LDL (oxLDL). Incubation of macrophages with oxLDL induced expression of the apoA-I gene within the first 24 hours, but suppressed it after 48 h. Both effects depended on the interaction of oxLDL with the TLR4 receptor, rather than on the oxLDL uptake by the macrophages. The oxLDL-mediated downregulation of the apoA-I gene depended on the ERK1/2 and JNK cascades, as well as on the NF-κB cascade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports that Evgeniya Ponomarenko is a PhD in Philology, Academic of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Professor at the Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO University) of Russia, member of the Academic Council of the Faculty of Applied Economics and Commerce of MGIMO University, member of the Jury of Thesis in Philological Sciences of the same University.

The article considered that modern science from the multidisciplinary perspective and diversity of approaches offered a large number of definitions of discourse, creating a series of discursive theories and developing different research and analysis methods. Topics include examines that Rivers of ink flowed in the 20th century as Dell Hymes, starting from the ideas of Roman Jakobson and Émile Benveniste on the statement as a unit of communication, introduced concept of "communicative event".

The genetic diversity, structure, and differentiation of relict lime plantations in Krasnoyarsk krai (considered as a separate species Tilia nasczokinii Stepanov) were for the first time studied on the basis of the analysis of variability of 12 microsatellite markers of the nuclear genome. In addition, six T. cordata Mill. populations from the European and West Siberian parts of its range and the T. sibirica Bayer population from Kemerovo oblast were included in the study. It was found that lime plantations in the vicinity of Krasnoyarsk (Manskoye Zaymishche and Kashtak) have a similar genetic structure and are in a state close to equilibrium. The level of genetic variability of T. nasczokinii populations is comparable to the level of variability of the T. sibirica population, but was significantly lower than in T. cordata populations. Estimation of the degree of genetic differentiation of lime populations according to interpopulation paired Fst values and Nei's genetic distances (DN72) detected significant differences of the T. nasczokinii populations from the T. cordata and T. sibirica populations. The analysis of genetic differentiation (by the PCoA method) of paired Fst values and individual genetic distances (D), as well as clustering in STRUCTURE, demonstrated the separation of the studied populations into three groups according to their species affiliation. Moreover, the T. nasczokinii populations are genetically removed from the T. sibirica population to a greater extent than from T. cordata populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors of the article consider a serious problem of the suicide phenomenon from the standpoint of the ecological approach. When considering suicide as an underlying act that brings man closer to comprehending the fundamental worldviews of being, there is a need to consider risk factors and preventive factors in the suicide manifestation. In this context, the value-motivational sphere of the personality is discussed as a factor harmonizing the personal ecology of man and thereby preventing the risk of suicide. In this aspect, the value-motivational sphere acts as a strong personal resource to overcome the negative impact of stressful situations in a system of unfavorable social ecology, and, thus, the risk prevention of suicidal behavior. An experimental study was conducted in order to analyze the features of the relationship between the structure of the value-motivational sphere of young people's personality and the level of propensity for suicidal behavior. Interpretation of the results of this study allowed us to draw the main conclusions regarding the characteristics of the sphere of values and motivation in young people's personality who are prone to suicidal behavior, namely that blocking the ecologically-determined orientation to self-determination of young people leads to an increase in the risk level of manifestation of suicidal behavior, and, conversely, unlocking their internal potential leads to the positive behavior orientation, harmonizing the personal ecology of young people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce a rear-emitter inversion layer (IL) solar cell on n-type crystalline silicon (n-Si). The hole IL is induced by the high density of negative fixed charges in an aluminum oxide (Al2O3) surface passivation layer. For the formation of contacts to the inversion layer, we employ a single-step p+ laser doping process, using aluminum from the Al2O3 layer as dopant source. Lateral hole transport through the IL underneath the n-Si/Al2O3 interface is analyzed by electrical measurements. The IL hole mobility is shown to be only marginally reduced by scattering at the high density of fixed charges at the n-Si/Al2O3 interface, resulting in an inversion layer sheet resistance of 15-18 kΩ/sq (in the dark). The effective sheet resistance of the IL is shown to decrease to below 4 kΩ/sq under solar cell operating conditions. Based on two-dimensional device simulations, we show that the proposed type of n-type silicon IL solar cell has a very high efficiency potential exceeding 26% including contact recombination losses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Direct hydrogen atom transfer from a photoredox‐generated Hantzsch ester radical cation to electron‐deficient alkenes has enabled the development of an efficient formal hydrogenation under mild, operationally simple conditions. The HAT‐driven mechanism is supported by experimental and computational studies. The reaction is applied to a variety of cinnamate derivatives and related structures, irrespective of the presence of electron‐donating or electron‐withdrawing substituents in the aromatic ring and with good functional group compatibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The data on the content of the 14C cosmogenic isotope in the natural archives make it possible to study the solar activity (SA) in the past centuries and millennia. However, the 14C content in the natural archives is influenced not only by the intensity of incoming galactic cosmic rays (GCRs), which are modulated by the interplanetary magnetic field and vary according to SA variations; changes in the geomagnetic field and in the Earth's climate also affect radiocarbon data. In particular, climate variation leads to the redistribution of radiocarbon between natural reservoirs. In the 19th century, increased anthropogenic activity was also reflected in radiocarbon data. This article presents the results of the reconstruction of the rate of 14C production under the influence of GCRs with allowance for the above factors. It is shown that the rate of radiocarbon release from the deep ocean into the surface layer and the atmosphere has increased since the second quarter of the 19th century. Apparently, this process is natural. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We identified a potential neurophysiological marker for processing of verbal cues in paranoid schizophrenia: high desynchronization in the beta‐2 band in the right parietal area for meaningless cues, and no synchronization differences in the beta‐2 and gamma bands in the left prefrontal area pointing to deficient categorization of the stimuli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper–fullerene/fullerene soot composites are prepared using different processes. Structure, hardness, tribological properties, and thermal conductivity of the composites are studied. It is shown that mixing at the molecular level makes it possible to obtain copper–fullerene/fullerene soot composites with more uniform carbon distribution and better combination of properties than mechanical mixing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the spatial reconstruction of the third cultural layer of the Middle Palaeolithic site Ketrosy 1 situated in the middle reaches of the Dniester river. The cultural layer exposed by N. Anisyutkin's excavations in 1974-76 proved to be rich in stone artefacts and faunal remains. Also, remains of dwellings made from mammoth bones and tusks were revealed. During recent research, the original interpretation of this layer has been specified and complemented. To prove good preservation of the third cultural layer and its homogeneous occupation, stratigraphical, archaeostratigraphical and refitting analysis were used. To conduct density plots of different categories of finds, point pattern analysis was used. These methods helped to improve the interpretation of the third cultural layer and then compare the results with the data published by N. Anisiutkin. The research allowed the boundaries of the dwelling zone to be specified, and several accumulations of stone artefacts that differ from each other in composition to be outlined. The complex of data makes it possible to interpret the third cultural layer as a short-term site located near a flint outcrop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research studies the application of the frame 'feminism' in the political discourse of the Spanish party Unidos Podemos from 2014 to 2019 from the perspective of the semantic logic, pragmalinguistic and cognitive linguistics. It also explains that the discursive mechanisms allow the organization to increase the persuasive power of its communication strategy, applying the algorithms of the constructive and pragmatic logic. The authors conclude that the plasticity of the laws of logic, in spite of their eminent fundamentality and the parameters of the pragmatic context allow shaping and transforming of the party's discourse according to the political and social moment in order to compete effectively with other discourses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of the G20 and BRICS in response to vulnerabilities and changes in the world economy in the new millennium has generated a range of expectations, reflections and criticisms. The G20, in the wake of the global financial crisis of 2008, sought to manage the crisis, reform the international architecture and devise a new global consensus. The BRICS formation pledged to foster cooperation and coordination between members and to promote international institutional reform. This study explores the modes of engagement of the G20 and BRICS in their dealings with international institutions, testing the assumptions that they can resort to a combination of approaches and that their preferred approach reflects their mission and role in the system of international institutions (IIs). The intensity of engagement by the G20 and BRICS with various IIs in fulfilling their global governance functions confirms their commitment to multilateralism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is performed to improve the methodology of teaching history in a vocational-pedagogical university. In order to enhance the quality of graduate's training, as the level of knowing history influences the formation of professional competence in students with specialties related to social activities such as pedagogy, management, economics, and several other lines. The article is aimed at examining critical issues of methodism and methodology of teaching history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• During mechanosynthesis partial or complete destruction of C 60/70 take place. • The stability of C 60/70 in the Fe-C 60/70 is much lower than in the Cu-C 60/70. • The degree of C 60/70 disordering determines the sequence of solid-phase reactions. • In the Fe-C 60/70 , the Fe 3 C carbide is crystallized from an amorphous phase Am(Fe-C). The structural changes of fullerite C 60/70 during mechanosynthesis of composites Me-25 at%C 60/70 (Me = Cu, Fe) have been studied by X-ray diffraction analysis and Raman spectroscopy. It is found that depending on the milling time and carbon affinity for metal, partial or complete disordering of the fullerite C 60/70 crystalline structure and destruction of fullerene molecules take place. Their deformation stability determines the sequence of solid-phase reactions in the investigated systems. The local atomic environment in the Fe-C 60/70 has been studied by Möessbauer spectroscopy. It is shown that the mechanism of the phase formation in the Fe-C 60/70 is as follows: the Fe 3 C carbide is crystallized from an amorphous phase Am(Fe-C). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pace of innovation in construction today lags behind most other industries. To increase the investment attractiveness of the industry, a new mechanism is needed to generate, spread and introduce innovations, including a strategic assessment of the economic effects of introducing innovations, which determines the relevance of the study. The purpose of this article is to develop strategic tools for assessing the economic effects of introducing innovations into the investment and construction cycle. Theoretical and empirical methods, expert assessment, classification and structuring of information, reference and statistical data, a comparison method were used to analyze the existing problem. As a result of the study, the scientific and theoretical foundations of the definition of innovation and the main aspects of the functioning of the investment and construction cycle were summarized. The most significant sources of the formation of the economic effect as a result of the introduction of innovations in the investment and construction cycle are highlighted. A set of methods is proposed, the adaptation of which allows us to evaluate the economic efficiency of introducing innovations into the investment and construction cycle. An algorithm has been developed for assessing the economic effect of introducing innovations into the investment and construction cycle. The article will be useful both for the enterprises of the construction industry themselves, and for investors and other interested parties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copepod luciferases—a family of small secretory proteins of 18.4–24.3 kDa, including a signal peptide—are responsible for bright secreted bioluminescence of some marine copepods. The copepod luciferases use coelenterazine as a substrate to produce blue light in a simple oxidation reaction without any additional cofactors. They do not share sequence or structural similarity with other identified bioluminescent proteins including coelenterazine‐dependent Renilla and Oplophorus luciferases. The small size, strong luminescence activity and high stability, including thermostability, make secreted copepod luciferases very attractive candidates as reporter proteins which are particularly useful for nondisruptive reporter assays and for high‐throughput format. The most known and extensively investigated representatives of this family are the first cloned GpLuc and MLuc luciferases from copepods Gaussia princeps and Metridia longa, respectively. Immediately after cloning, these homologous luciferases were successfully applied as bioluminescent reporters in vivo and in vitro, and since then, the scope of their applications continues to grow. This review is an attempt to systemize and critically evaluate the data scattered through numerous articles regarding the main structural features of copepod luciferases, their luminescent and physicochemical properties. We also review the main trends of their application as bioluminescent reporters in cell and molecular biology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Le site du Paléolithique moyen de Ketrosy (vallée du Dniepr Moyen) a été découvert et étudié entre 1974 et 1979 par N.K. Anisyutkin qui a décapé trois différents complexes. Le complexe le plus riche se trouve dans le secteur no 1. Il est constitué d'une couche archéologique (la 3e) en bon état de conservation qui a été datée d'environ 100 Ka (la datation est obtenue d'après l'étude des sols enterrés). Dans l'ensemble lithique, les percuteurs sont représentés par 19 galets avec des traces de percussion. D'après leurs études métriques, les outils du site de Ketrosy s'inscrivent dans le cadre de variabilité des percuteurs qui caractérisent la période du Paléolithique Moyen – Supérieur. Cependant, la localisation des impacts sur ces percuteurs n'est pas habituelle et nous supposons que les outils sont tenus du côté transversal des pièces. Ce fait est peut-être conditionné par l'anatomie des habitants du site de Ketrosy. Une faible intensité d'usure indique le mode « ad-hoc » d'utilisation des pierres en tant que percuteurs. L'analyse spatiale des artefacts lithiques et des restes osseux (en particulier – le contexte des découvertes des percuteurs) confirme une occupation de courte durée et des objets bien déterminable de la couche culturelle. The Middle Palaeolithic site Ketrosy (Middle Dniester valley) has been found and investigated by N.K. Anisyutkin in 1974–1979. He excavated 3 different complexes. The most interesting complex is the area № 1. It has the one (third) cultural layers in fair preservation, which had been dated appr. 100,000 years ago, by buried soils investigations. In the obtained collection, the hammerstones are represented by 19 pebbles with the traces of pecking. By its metrics, tools from Ketrosy fit within the framework of variability of the Middle – Upper Paleolithic hammerstones. But the location of the impact-marcs does not look ordinary and we suppose the transverse grip of the tools, conditioned, perhaps, by the anatomy of the inhabitants of the Ketrosy site. Low intensity of wear indicates "ad-hoc" mode of pebbles use as hammers. Spatial analysis of stone artifacts and bone remains (in particular – the context of hammers findings) confirm the short occupation and well-defined objects of cultural layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Conflicting results have been reported regarding human herpes virus (HHV) reactivation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To explore this link, 74 RA patients were selected and compared to 42 first degree relatives (FDR) from probands with RA and 25 healthy controls from the Tatarstan women cohort. The serological analysis was done by testing anti-HSV/CMV/EBV IgM, IgG, plus the IgG avidity index, and completed by evaluating HSV/CMV/EBV DNA by PCR. Results from these analyses reveal: (i) a long lasting infection of HHV in RA, FDR and healthy controls (IgG seroconversion >97%); (ii) an elevated IgM anti-HHV response in seroconverted RA patients which is related to HSV1/2 reactivation (HSV1/2 PCR+); and (iii) a multi-reactive IgM HHV burden profile associated with disease activity (DAS28). In conclusion, HSV1/2 reactivation in seroconverted RA patients is associated with an abnormal anti-HHV immune response, which was reflected in IgM HHV burden, and in activity disease profile. Highlights • The link between herpes viruses and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is unknown. • HSV1/2 reactivation promotes an IgM herpes virus multi-reactivity profile in RA. • IgM herpes virus multi-reactivity profile is associated with disease activity in RA. • A normal immune response is reported in first degree relatives and controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper provides results of a long-term natural experiment with fruit and berry crops, grown in conditions of radioactive contamination at the territory of the former Semipalatinsk Test Site. The aim of the research is to study peculiarities in accumulation of artificial radionuclides by different species of trees and shrubs. The paper considers only one pathway of the radionuclide's intake, i.e. absorption of the elements by roots from soil. As the result quantitative parameters of 241Am, 137Cs, 90Sr, 239+240Pu transfer and distribution in different parts of the fruit and berry crops were found. At that radionuclides are not uniformly distributed in plants' organs and in most cases, it obeys the following regularity: leaves > branches > fruits. The difference in accumulation of 137Cs, 90Sr, 241Am and 239+240Pu for various organs can be range as follows 1.8–77, 1.6–750, 1.9–76 and 3–182 times respectively. The maximum concentrations of 137Cs in leaves of the researched plants more often were registered at the initial stages of vegetation period. Unlike 137Cs concentration of 241Am and 90Sr in leaves of the researched plants grows usually from the very beginning till the end of the entire vegetation period. The character of transuranium radionuclides accumulation during several years was determined for researched plants. Data obtained can become input parameters for models used to describe the behavior of radioactive substances and assess the risk of contaminated fruit and berry crops for territories having unfavorable radiological situation. • Fruit and berry crops grown under conditions of radioactive contamination. • Absorption of the radionuclides by roots from soil. • Tf of 241Am, 137Cs, 90Sr, 239+240Pu for different parts of the fruit and berry crops. • Radionuclides are not uniformly distributed in organs of the researched plants. • The dynamic of radionuclides accumulation was determined for researched plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]