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K Zr 2 PO 4 3 : xEu 3 + Nanophosphors with varying molar percentages (0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mol. %) are synthesized using a urea-assisted solution combustion synthesis approach. The phosphors exhibit crystallization in a rhombohedral phase, namely in the R 3 ¯ c space group with the help of X-ray diffraction. The anionic group of (PO4)3− is responsible for all the vibrations occurring in the FTIR spectra. The photoluminescence characteristics of K Zr 2 PO 4 3 : xEu 3 + (x = 0.5 – 5 mol. %) are examined when excited at a wavelength of 392 nm, resulting in the prominent emission at 613 nm. At a concentration of 2 mol. %, the optimal concentration is observed, and the emission tone of the phosphor is centered in the reddish part of the color gamut, with a high color purity of 92%. It is observed that the synthesized phosphor has a branching ratio more than 50%, indicating a possible laser emission transition. The band gap energy of K Zr 2 PO 4 3 : Eu 3 + is found via diffuse reflectance measurements and found to be 4.19 eV. The value of metallization criteria is less than unity which dictates the non-metallic nature of the synthesized phosphors. These results indicate that this phosphor is very suitable for use in solid-state lighting applications as a red light-emitting phosphor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gallstone formation is one of the most severe human diseases, with regional differences in gallstone composition worldwide. The formation of gallstones inside the gallbladder is a complex process and is still under debate despite advances in instrumentation. This study was an in‐depth analysis of the chemical, structural, and elemental composition of cholesterol and pigment‐type gallstones using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS). Thermal gravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry (TG‐DSC) analysis was also carried out on gallstones to predict their thermal behavior. FTIR spectroscopy was employed to distinguish the cholesterol and pigment gallstones. Using SEM, we performed the morphological studies of gallstone and EDS were carried out to analyze elemental distribution within the gallstones. Elemental imaging and mapping of the major and minor elements within the cholesterol and black pigment gallstones were carried out, revealing the stone's heterogeneous nature. The level of heavy and toxic elements was found to be higher in pigment stones than in cholesterol gallstones. The results obtained from TG‐DSC are well correlated and supported by the results from FTIR spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antimony-Selenium-Tin (Sb-Se-Sn) is a ternary chalcogenide have wide range of potential applications, because of their high strength, various crystal lattices, and electrical characteristics. In this work, the melt quenching method was used to synthesize the nanoparticles of Sb14Se86-xSnx (x = 0, 3, 6, 9, 12) chalcogenide glasses. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the Sb14Se74Sn12 chalcogenide glasses ascertained the amorphous characteristics. No extra impurity was detected in any chalcogenide, and the presence of only Sb, Se and Sn was detected from the EDS spectra. The decrease in band gap is revealed with the increase of Sn content in the Sb14Se86-xSnx glasses. Lowest band gap was observed in the Sb14Se74Sn12 chalcogenide, attributed to the large crystallite size. The FTIR spectrum of the sample reveals an absorption band roughly between 500 –400 cm-1, attributed to the vibrational modes for Sb–Se, Sn–Se and Sn-Sb bonds. In the chalcogenide glasses, the Sn and Sb 3d state comprises of two peaks, corresponding to doublet state (3d5/2 and 3d3/2), while as Se has only singlet state (3d). In conclusion, in the Sb14Se86-xSnx (x = 12) chalcogenide glass, an increase in photoluminescence intensity and the decrease in band gap makes it potential candiate for the infrared detectors, and the infrared optical fibres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An accurate and efficient approach is required to identify the unknown parameters of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) mathematical model for a robust design of any energy system considering SOFC. This research study proposes a modified fire hawk algorithm (MFHA) to determine the values of SOFC model parameters. The performance evaluation of MFHA is tested on two case studies. Firstly, the performance of MFHA is tested on commercially available cylindrical cell developed by Siemens at four temperatures. Results reveal that the least value of sum of squared error (SSE) is 1.04E−05, 2.30E−05, 1.03E−05, and 1.60E−05 at 1073 K, 1173 K, 1213 K, and 1273 K respectively. Results obtained using MFHA have been compared with original fire hawk algorithm (FHA) and other well established and recent algorithms. Secondly, MFHA is implemented for estimating unknown parameters of a 5 kW dynamic tabular stack of 96 cells at various pressures and temperatures. The obtained value of SSE at different temperatures of 873 K, 923 K, 973 K, 1023 K and 1073 K is 1.18E−03, 6.12E−03, 2.21E−02, 5.18E−02, and 6.00E−02, respectively whereas, SSE at different pressures of 1 atm, 2 atm, 3 atm, 4 atm, and 5 atm is 6.05E−02, 6.11E−02, 5.53E−02, 5.11E−02, and 6.64E−02 respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction- Doppler ultrasonography is used to evaluate uteroplacental circulation by analysing the systolic and diastolic waveforms. Given the ethnic and geographical differences in PIH and IUGR, it is crucial to comprehend the methods used to predict it in different populations. The aim of present study was to assess the role of level 2 doppler waveforms (at the time of anomaly scan) in assessing abnormal trophoblastic invasion and predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes in the form of PIH and IUGR. Material and methods- The present prospective study was conducted in department of obstetrics and gynaecology at SMGS Hospital among 100 pregnant females visiting the OPD during the study period of one year. As detailed level 2 anomaly scan is mandatory in our settings at 18-22 weeks, the required data on doppler study at 18-22 weeks could easily be extracted from the study patients, thus being economical on the part of patients in low resource settings.The doppler study was performed on all cases throughout the 18-22 weeks period of pregnancy and the two Indices like Pulsatility Index and Diastolic notch of uterine artery were recorded. The patients were followed up for the development of PIH and IUGR. Results- Out of 100 cases, pregnancy induced hypertension was found in 20 cases while 80 cases did not show pregnancy induced hypertension.30 cases developed IUGR and 70 remained non IUGR cases. Diastolic notch was found in 16 of PIH and 22 of nonPIH patients. 8 of PIH cases had a pulsatility index (PI) of greater than 1.71, compared to 10 of non PIH cases, which had a PI of greater than 1.71 (p=0.01). The sensitivity of diastolic notch in diagnosis of PIH was 65.3% whereas, that of PI was 53.48%. Similarly, diastolic notch was present in 19 of IUGR cases and 10 of non IUGR cases.8 of IUGR patients had PI of >1.7 and 20 of non IUGR cases had PI of > 1.7 giving the statistically significant results. Thus, second trimester doppler changes in the uterine artery has a role in prediction of IUGR too. Conclusion– Uterine artery doppler is a potentially effective method for predicting the occurrence of PIH and IUGR by examining both the pulsatility index (PI) and the presence of a diastolic notch in the uterine artery. The Doppler technique demonstrated a high level of diagnostic accuracy in detecting preeclampsia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fungi estimated to be more than 5.1 million species around the globe represent an invaluable source of innumerable natural products that can be screened for various bioactivities. They have provided society with some of the largest medical breakthroughs in modern era. Repeated isolation of known compounds has been a tough challenge for natural products research. Fungi especially microfungi, have proved themselves as potent producers of novel compounds to adapt themselves to diverse conditions including extreme habitats. This review highlights the importance of microfungal strains in the biosynthesis of polyketides, their biosynthetic pathways, isolation methods, structure elucidation and further their significance focusing on activity against various pathogenic strains, human cancer cell lines and other biological entities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renal stone formation inside the kidney is one of the major causes of renal failure all over the world. To create preventative measures, it is crucial to examine renal stone's composition and identify the minerals that are responsible for their pathogenesis. Various concerns regarding the pathophysiology of renal stones remain unresolved and have been put forward. However, till date, the complete information is still unclear. In recent years, spectroscopic studies have gained much attention in identifying the chemical compositions that lead to the formation and growth of renal stones. This work employed wavelength‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (WDXRF) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to study renal stones. WDXRF results of renal stone samples give the presence of numerous heavy and trace elements. Different elemental constituents like zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), strontium (Sr), chromium (Cr), zirconium (Zr), palladium (Pd), bromine (Br), ruthenium (Ru), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As) were detected and quantified in the renal stones. Vibrational spectroscopic studies were carried out to know the chemical compositions of renal stones such as calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), uric acid (UA), and carbonate apatite (CA). Quantitative results of WDXRF have been compared with the results from atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) of these stone samples. The available clinical details of the patients were correlated with the spectroscopic results obtained using WDXRF and FTIR spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When it comes to solar thermal power systems, a latent heat energy storage unit is one possible solution to the imbalance in supply and demand. On a shell‐tube type heat storage system, computational and experimental research was done to determine how to charge a heat storage system using honeybee wax‐biodegradable phase change material. This paper examines the impact of single, double, and triple inner heat transfer fluid tubes on the melting properties of bee wax in relation to vertical and horizontal eccentricity. Through the experimental examination of a lab‐scale prototype, the computational model was verified. A computational model was used to investigate the impact of eccentricity on different configurations for the melting process. Utilizing multiple tubes significantly shortened the charging time, according to the system analysis. In a vertically downward direction, melting time reduced as eccentricity increased. Compared to the single tube concentric case, the maximum melting time reduction for the single‐, double‐, and triple‐tube cases was 63.7%, 67.0%, and 68.34%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study focuses on residential areas of Delhi to identify the elevated levels of ambient PM10 and PM2.5 due to biomass burning followed by the coloring activity in the Holi festival celebrated at the end of the winter season. This study also focuses on the health risk assessment and mortality among different age groups due to the change in particulate matter levels during the Holi festival in Delhi, India. Secondary data of particulate matters have been procured from the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC), and Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), Pune for the period of the pre-, during, and post-Holi period for the year 2018-2020 at four selected residential locations in Delhi, India. The health impacts of particle inhalation were quantified using the AirQ + models. The results indicated the levels of PM10 and PM2.5 rise about 3-4 times higher during the Holi festival than on normal days, resulting in health risks and causing an excess number of mortality and Asthma cases in Delhi. Such cases were also found to be higher in 2018, followed by 2019 and 2020 at all the selected locations in Delhi. The study linked the increasing particulate levels in the Holi festival with the increased health risk through short-term exposure of the population. The excess number of cases (ENCs) of mortality, all causes of mortality among adults (age > 30 years) associated with short-term exposure to particulate were also identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The National Plasma Policy (NPP) of India was published in 2014 with a dual objective to achieve self sufficiency in the production of plasma derived medicinal products (PDMPs) and at the same time to augment the component preparation facilities in India and overall upliftment of blood transfusion services in the country. • Implementation of the NPP in our hospital had a positive impact on the provision of clinically appropriate blood transfusion therapy in patients. • The revenue generated by transfer of excess plasma resulted in upgradation of the blood bank facilities which further enhanced quality and safety of blood supply. The World Health Organization has advocated that every country should make its own policy for ensuring safe and adequate supply of plasma derived medicinal products through mobilization and usage of locally collected plasma. The National Plasma Policy (NPP) of India was published in 2014 with a dual objective to achieve self sufficiency in the production of plasma derived medicinal products and at the same time to augment the component preparation facilities in India and overall upliftment of blood transfusion services in the country. Thus the present study was done to access the impact of implementation of NPP in our blood bank on the blood transfusion services in our hospital. The present study was a retrospective observational study conducted in the department of transfusion medicine of a tertiary care hospital in India involving analysis of data from 1st January 2019 till 31st December 2022. For the purpose of data analysis the time period was divided into 2 periods: (i) Pre-NPP implementation period from 1st January 2019 till 31st December 2020; (ii) Post-NPP period from 1st January 2021 till 31st December 2022. The following parameters were compared for the two periods: (i) component preparation rate; (ii) percentage of component therapy; (iii) total number of FFP transferred to plasma fractionation centers; (iv) total amount of exchange amount generated in lieu of transferred FFP to plasma fractionation centers. The component preparation rate after NPP implementation was significantly higher as compared to the pre NPP implementation period (93.81% vs 56.70%; p = 0.007). The percentage of component therapy in the patients was also significantly higher as compared to the pre-NPP implementation period (97.9% vs 73.6%; p = 0.005). The total amount of exchange amount generation in Indian rupee (INR) after NPP implementation was INR 1419462 (15835€) while it was INR 636898 (7105€) in the pre NPP implementation period. This amount was utilized for procurement of various blood bank equipment, in addition 2 lab technicians were also hired for the blood bank. The implementation of NPP resulted in upliftment of blood transfusion services in our hospital. Other low and middle income countries can benefit from implementation of similar plasma policy in their countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrochemical model of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer consists of a set of different unknown parameters, and identification of these parameters is needed. However, obtaining the optimum values of these parameters is critical, and this involves a complex, multi-variate, non-linear, and multimodal optimisation problem. In this article, a novel model parameter estimation problem for a PEM electrolyzer with eight unknown model parameters is formulated and solved using modified honey badger algorithm (MHBA). A mean squared error-based objective function is formulated and considered as the mean squared error (MSE) between the experimental voltage and the estimated voltage using MHBA algorithm. The accuracy of the proposed model is validated using polarization curves (J-V curve). It is found that the MHBA outperforms with a good mapping between experimental and estimated voltage. Also, the reliability and robustness for parameter estimation algorithm is validated considering two case studies with four different operating conditions. Additionally, the results obtained using MHBA are compared to those obtained with other competing algorithms. A statistical study including different statistical indices is also carried out to prove the robustness for the proposed approach. The results show that the minimum obtained values of MSE for different operating conditions are 8.73E-06, 8.75E-06, 6.17E-05 and 6.44E-05. Box plot study and convergence curves have also been drawn to check the effectiveness of the algorithm. Furthermore, to prove the superiority of the proposed approach, the PEM electrolyzer's performance is explored at different operating conditions, such as operating temperatures and output hydrogen pressures. • Proposing a modified honey badger algorithm (MHBA) for parameter estimation of PEM electrolyzer. • Accuracy and reliability of MHBA is validated using two case studies through polarization characteristics. • Statistical study and box plot analysis is performed to prove superiority of MHBA over other optimisation algorithms. • Effect of different temperatures and pressures is analyzed on electrolyzer performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Asthma is one of childhood's most common chronic respiratory diseases and an important global health issue. Parents who are the primary caregiver play an important in the management of the disease. Poor parental knowledge and attitudes often contribute to inappropriate management practices, leading to a lack in the care process. Aim and Objectives: To study parental knowledge, attitude, and the practices regarding management of childhood bronchial asthma by using a pre-structured questionnaire. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of 6 months in paediatrics department of ASCOMS and hospital using a pre-structured questionnaire. A total of 200 parents were interviewed and the data collected was analysed and expressed in terms of percentages and proportions. Results: This study showed that the majority of parents who brought their children to the doctor were from urban areas, with doctors being their primary source of information about the illness. The present study shows that only 32% of parents had correct knowledge regarding the aetiology of bronchial asthma. About 45% of parents thought cold to be the precipitating factor of asthma while 43% thought that consuming specific food items was the triggering factor whereas only 11% had knowledge about a change of seasons being the main precipitating factor. Only 21% of parents were found to have a positive attitude towards inhalational therapy whereas the majority of parents didn't want their kid to be labeled with a diagnosis of bronchial asthma. Only 9% of parents agreed that they reported to the doctor within 6 hours of the onset of the clinical features and the majority (67%) of parents consulted the doctor because of the persistent cough in the child. Conclusion: The parent's knowledge about bronchial asthma was poor. Parents have inadequate knowledge, and an average attitude, and apply incorrect practices regarding various aspects of childhood bronchial asthma. This gap between the recommended and actual practice may be related to the inadequate knowledge of parents. Therefore, improving knowledge and attitudes may encourage better practices among parents of children with asthma which can be achieved through health education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: Ovarian tumors are one of the major health problem and 7th most common cause of cancer related death in females. The aim of study is to study histopathological patterns of ovarian tumors and study age distribution as well as clinical presentation. Material and Methods: A 3 Year Retrospective Study Done In Department Of Pathology. 75 Cases Were Taken In This Study. All Specimens Were Subjected To Routine Processing And H&E Staining. Results: A Total 75 Cases Were Observed And Out Of Tese 75 Cases, 57.3% Were Benign, 4% Were Borderline And 38.7% Were Malignant. Histologically, Surface Epithelial Tumor Was The Most Common Constituting 82.6% Cases Followed By Germ Cell Tumors 14.6% And Sex Cord Tumor 2.6%. Benign Tumors Were Commonly Seen Between 20-40 Years Age Group. And Malignant Between 50-80 Years Age Group. Most Common Clinical Presentation Was Pain Abdomen And Bleeding Per Vaginum. Conclusion: Tumors Originating From Surface Epithelium Were Most Common Followed By Germ Cell Tumors And Their Malignant Counterparts Were More Frequent In Elderly Age Group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The main goal of this paper is to develop novel Tω(weakest t-norm)-based fuzzy arithmetic operations to analyze the intuitionistic fuzzy reliability of Printed Circuit Board Assembly (PCBA) using fault tree. Design/methodology/approach: The paper proposes a fuzzy fault tree analysis (FFTA) method for evaluating the intuitionistic fuzzy reliability of any nonrepairable system with uncertain information about failures of system components. This method uses a fault tree for modeling the failure phenomenon of the system, triangular intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (TIFNs) to determine data uncertainty, while novel arithmetic operations are adopted to determine the intuitionistic fuzzy reliability of a system under consideration. The proposed arithmetic operations employ Tω(weakest t-norm) to minimize the accumulating phenomenon of fuzziness, whereas the weighted arithmetic mean is employed to determine the membership as well as nonmembership degrees of the intuitionistic fuzzy failure possibility of the nonrepairable system. The usefulness of the proposed method has been illustrated by inspecting the intuitionistic fuzzy failure possibility of the PCBA and comparing the results with five other existing FFTA methods. Findings: The results show that the proposed FFTA method effectively reduces the accumulating phenomenon of fuzziness and provides optimized degrees of membership and nonmembership for computed intuitionistic fuzzy reliability of a nonrepairable system. Originality/value: The paper introduces Tω(weakest t-norm) and weighted arithmetic mean based operations for evaluating the intuitionistic fuzzy failure possibility of any nonrepairable system in an uncertain environment using a fault tree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A: Both Prof. Hong and Prof. Wei agreed that failure is inevitable. A: Both Prof. Hong and Prof. Wei agreed that innovation inherently follows risk and that surgeons must excel at current techniques before attempting new ones. A: Both Prof. Wei and Prof. Hong believe that while drawing is not necessarily important, record-keeping for preoperative, postoperative, and surgical records is critical. [Extracted from the article]

Objective: To assess the nutritional status of under-five children living in slums in Jammu. Design: Prospective descriptive study.Material and Methods: Two hundred children (n=200) belonging to under 5 age group residing in the slums of Jammu were enrolled and screened for age, sex, history of breast feeding, family income and birth order of child. Also, children were assessed for clinical features of various vitamin deficiencies, anemia, skin and respiratory disorders. Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) classification was used to classify children in various grades of malnutrition. Results:Out of 200 children studied 20%, 17%, 13% and 6% of under -5 children were in Grades I, II, III and IV categories of malnutrition, respectively. Clinically moderate anemia was present in 64% of children. About 53%, 27% and 19% of children had features suggestive of vitamin D, vitamin A, vitamin B complex deficiency. Dental caries was seen in 26% children while hepatomegaly and splenomegaly were seen in 16% and 8% cases respectively. Skin and respiratory tract disorders were observed in 6% and 22% cases. Conclusion: This study shows that about 19% of slum population belonged to III - IV grade malnutrition which is quite significant. These children did have features suggestive of multiple vitamin deficiencies. Proper Health education needs to be imparted to mothers to give adequate diet from early stages of life for growth which will thereby decrease mortality and morbidity in under 5 children due to malnutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the preceding several decades, numerous red phosphors have been synthesized and developed. The currently using light emitting diode (LED) phosphor spectrum lacks red light, leading to inadequate production of white LED material and a low color rendering index, which impacts lighting effects. The present work outlines the synthesis, photoluminescence, Judd-Ofelt analysis, and optical properties of the promising red phosphor K 2 MgP 2 O 7 : Eu3+. When the synthesized sample is exposed to ultraviolet light (392 nm), it emits the characteristic emission of Eu3+ ions. The most prominent emission peak is centered at wavelength 617 nm which gives emission in the crimson region of the color gamut. The value of the branching ratio is above 50 % for the most intense transition dictates the possible laser emission transition. The findings of all these studies demonstrate that K 2 MgP 2 O 7 : Eu3+ is a potential red phosphor for use in white LEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Neonatal thrombocytopenia is defined as a platelet count <150,000/μL can be mild, moderate, or severe thrombocytopenia. The platelet production in neonates begins early at 5 weeks of gestation and reaches the adults count by 24-28 weeks. The platelet disorders are due to impaired platelet production or increased platelet destruction and sequestration. The onset of neonatal thrombocytopenia occurs within 72 h and late onset develops the risk of intraventricular hemorrhage. Hence, the knowledge regarding the incidence and occurrence is vital. Aims and Objectives: The present study aims to study the prevalence of neonatal thrombocytopenia in India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was designed, A total of 3250 neonates were assessed for the prevalence of neonatal thrombocytopenia using non-probability convenient sampling technique studies at various cities such as Lucknow, Panipat, Sonipat, Gohana, and Delhi. The data relating to levels of platelets were assessed for all the samples. Results: The present study revealed that the prevalence rate of neonatal thrombocytopenia was 3.4% at various cities in India. Conclusion: The present study assessed the prevalence of neonatal thrombocytopenia this determines the early intervention and prevention of the complication in relation to neonatal thrombocytopenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Low hemoglobin (<12.5 g/dl) is a major cause of plateletpheresis donor deferral. • The current apheresis devices lead to minimal red cell loss. • Hemoglobin cutoff of 12.5 g/dl for plateletpheresis donation needs to be reconsidered. The donor deferral criteria for blood or apheresis donations are established for two main reasons: (i) to ensure the safety of the blood donor (non-maleficence); (ii) to obtain safe blood of standard quality that has therapeutic benefit for the patient (beneficence). This study was planned to assess the various causes and patterns of plateletpheresis donor deferral in our hospital and to subsequently assess whether any evidence based changes can be done in the current plateletpheresis donor deferral criteria in India to maximize the platelet donor pool without compromising donor safety. The present study was conducted from May 2021 till June 2022 in the department of transfusion medicine of a tertiary care hospital in North India. The first part of the study was conducted from May 2021 till March 2022 to assess the various causes of donor deferral by analysing the plateletpheresis donor deferral data during the corresponding period. The second part of the study was conducted from April 2022 till June 2022, to assess: (i) average decrease in haemoglobin after plateletpheresis procedure; (ii) red blood cell loss during plateletpheresis procedure; (iii) to determine whether any correlation exists between donor haemoglobin and platelet yield. During the study period, a total of 260 donors were screened for plateletpheresis, out of which 221 (85%) donors were accepted and 39 (15%) donors were deferred for various reasons. Out of the 39 deferred donors, 33 (84.6%) were temporary deferrals, while 6 (15.4%) were permanent deferrals. Low haemoglobin (Hb < 12.5 g/dl) was a cause of deferral in 12.8% (n = 5) of the deferred donors. 192 (73.9%) out of the 260 donors were replacement donors. The calculated mean decrease in haemoglobin as a result of plateletpheresis procedure was 0.4 g/dl. No correlation was seen between donor pre-donation haemoglobin and platelet yield (p = 0.86, r = 0.06, R2 = 0.003). The calculated mean red cell loss as a result of plateletpheresis procedure was 28 ml. Low haemoglobin (<12.5 g/dl) is a significant cause of temporary plateletpheresis donor deferral in India. In view of the advancement in plateletpheresis technology, which has resulted in minimal red cell loss with the current generation apheresis devices, haemoglobin cutoff of 12.5 g/dl needs to be reconsidered. Perhaps, after performing a multi-centric trial, a consenscus can be reached for revision of haemoglobin cutoff for plateletpheresis donations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A young dental patient is especially vulnerable during childhood and adolescence, on account of different cognitional prerequisites and developmental processes, intellectual as well as physical, as compared to adults. Objectives: To explore children's and adolescents' experiences of general, oral and dental treatment pain and to gain insight into the knowledge and attitudes of dentists towards pain management. Materials and Methods: The responses of 390 children and adolescents (8-19year olds) on the 40 items CPI were examined. Most commonly experienced CPI pain situations were analysed by Exploratory Factor Analysis to reduce the length of the questionnaire. 190 kids with disability (12-18-year-olds) and their matched controls were studied for DDQ. 390 dentists were evaluated for their knowledge of pain management and attitude. Results: About 50% of the children and adolescents experiencing invasive dental procedures like 'Dental injection', 'Tooth drilling' or 'Tooth extraction', had experienced them as painful. The pain intensity experience was multiplied by having higher dental anxiety, a disability, age less than 14 years old, or gender (female). The disabled children and adolescents had significantly higher DDQ scores as compared to controls, despite similar dental health in both the groups. Dentists with more professional experience and/or female dentists applied better pain management approach. Conclusion: Kids with or without a disability and the one with higher dental anxiety must be recognised as more vulnerable to pain. Such patients should be offered extra care and also pain relief during invasive dental treatments. Dentists should ensure all children a pain-free dental treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Sports and the American presidency: from Theodore Roosevelt to Donald Trump" explores the relationship between sports and the American presidency. Divided into three parts, the article examines how presidents have used sports as a tool of nation-building, the sports that presidents themselves have engaged in, and the relationships between star athletes and different presidents. The article highlights the influence of sports on American citizens and the political ramifications of presidential engagement with sports. It concludes that sports and the American presidency are closely intertwined and that studying sports can provide valuable insights into politics. However, the article notes that there is a lack of analysis regarding presidents' involvement with women's sports. [Extracted from the article]

The coordination of the body with the central nervous system has been studied using various biomechanical, neurophysiological, and neuroimaging studies. Different postural strategies provide evidence of cortical involvement to maintain postural stability, which can be utilised to minimise the risk of falls in the elderly and various pathological individuals. In this paper, we investigated the effect of vibrotactile feedback in Electroencephalography (EEG) based classification of voluntary postural sway during weight-shifting exercises in healthy and transfemoral amputees. The EEG data recorded during forward, backward, right, and left shifting as well as normal standing, with and without vibrotactile feedback, is decomposed using discrete wavelet transform. The energy of the coefficients from levels 4 to 7 forms the feature space to be forwarded to the weighted kNN classifier and ensemble bagged trees. We have achieved significantly higher classification rates across all the conditions for healthy and amputee subjects. Predictor importance from ensemble bagged tree models provides the highest contributions from the low-frequency band of 0–3.9 Hz and channels located over the motor and somatosensory cortex. We have also observed the contributions associated with the spinocerebellum and cerebrocerebellum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genesis and growth of the stones formed inside the human body are imprinted in their structure. Thus, the pathogenesis of lithiasis must potentially be read using the proper analytical technique. Scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS) is a highly suitable analytical technique that reveals a detailed description of the morphology and compositional structure and, to some extent, the formation cause of the stones such as gallbladder and kidney stones. In the present review article, we presented detailed spectroscopic investigations on the morphological and chemical compositional analysis of gallstones and kidney stones using the SEM–EDS technique. We also covered some fundamental principles of SEM techniques for understanding the new beginners in this vital field. The advanced use of SEM–EDS in gastroenterology and in nephrology is relatively new to other analytical techniques. SEM–EDS has not been used extensively in the aforementioned field. In addition to SEM–EDS, we have also highlighted using ED-XRF to analyze stone samples. This review paper will be highly beneficial to understanding the formation and growth of the stones inside the human body for its diagnosis, therapeutic strategies, and proper treatment management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Analgesics are the most common class of drugs prescribed for various conditions in the orthopaedics' inpatient department. This study was conducted to evaluate the prescribing pattern of analgesics and analyse the rational use of analgesics in orthopaedic inpatient department of tertiary care teaching hospital. Methods: A prospective observation study was carried out in 100 indoor patients of orthopaedics department at Govt. Medical College, Jammu. Demographic and clinical data were documented in a predesigned case record form. The type of analgesics prescribed, mono or combination therapy, number of analgesics and concomitant drugs, were analysed to obtain an overview of the current prescribing pattern and rational use of Analgesics. Results: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) in mono and combination therapy were the most commonly prescribed analgesics. Proton pump Inhibitors (PPIs) were observed as most common co-prescribed drugs. Conclusion: NSAIDs are the most commonly prescribed analgesics. The rising trend for prescription of pregabalin and paroxetine (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; SSRIs) have been observed. Moreover, high number of drugs per prescription have been documented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work reports the successful synthesis of an efficient near infra-red (NIR) emitting KSrVO 4 :Yb3+ phosphor using the combustion method. The X-ray diffraction technique (XRD) confirmed the orthorhombic phase of a material whereas X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyzed the elemental makeup and chemical states of the phosphor components. Photoluminescence (PL) analysis revealed that the phosphor exhibit superior thermal stability and emit in the NIR region when activated by near-UV light. An upsurge in emission intensity occurs upon the incorporation of Bi3+ as a co-dopant. Using diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS), optical band gap, metallization constant, and refractive index were computed for all ion concentrations in KSr (1- x) VO 4 : x Yb3+ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.06). For the optimized concentration of Yb3+ into the host, numerical values of these parameters were also estimated. The studies reveal that the produced material may be applied as a solar spectrum converter to improve the efficiency of crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Trends in the use of Complete Blood Count parameters for patient treatment by clinicians in various tertiary care hospitals. Material and methods: A questionnaire that participants filled out on their own as part of a cross-sectional research was used. Through the use of convenience sampling, Physicians working at a tertiary care hospital were included. The questionnaire was given out to medical professionals working in surgical, paediatric, obstetrics/gynecology, and outpatient clinics during normal business hours, and it was collected on the same day. Before the questionnaire was sent out to the participants, we made sure to get their informed permission beforehand. Results: Only three of the eleven characteristics were selected by over 75 percent of the doctors as being often or always beneficial. Hemoglobin, platelet count, and white blood cell count were the three metrics in question. The other eight parameters of the CBC were deemed less than 75% helpful by the attending doctors. The usage of mean cell volume (MCV) was found to be more prevalent among interns and house officers than it was among other types of doctors. More than 57% of general practitioners and interns regarded reticulocyte count as always beneficial or often useful in their everyday practices, whereas other doctors utilized it less than 42% of the time. Twenty-five percent of the doctors who responded to the survey recommended that the laboratory result be verified by peripheral film, and final reporting should be done by a haematologist. Conclusion: According to the findings of this research, the vast majority of medical practitioners only make use of three of the most fundamental criteria seen on a full blood count. In order to expand the doctors' understanding of the usefulness of additional indicators, it is possible to design an educational intervention for awareness regarding various blood count parameters and their utility in patient care among medical practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A facile, sustainable and eco‐friendly protocol has been developed for the halogenation of various heterocycles using TBAX (TBAI/TBAB/TBACl) as halogenating agent, which afforded the products in 90–95% isolated yields. The reaction proceeds with low‐cost TBAX and uses greener conditions like EtOH as a solvent and microwave as an alternative energy source for reaction. This protocol has been applied on pyrazoles and extended to different heterocycles like 7‐azaindole, indazole, indole and 2‐phenylimidazo[1,2‐α]pyridines. The gram‐scale iodination reaction has also been successfully performed by optimizing conventional heating conditions, which demonstrates its potential applicability in organic synthesis. Further these halogenated pyrazoles have been utilized for different coupling reactions including formation of arylated, alkynylated and sulfenated pyrazoles. However, TBAF mediated fluorination did not work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The motivation behind present investigation has been a step to create preliminary understanding towards structure‐property correlation i. e., microstructure and microhardness in presence of boron in P91 steel and in its subzones of heat‐affected zone with Gleeble simulation. For microstructure characterization and its comparison amongst selected two steels, light microscopy for prior austenite grain size, morphology of prior austenite grain boundaries and scanning electron microscopy at low‐resolution and high‐resolution in order to study evolution of sub‐structure i. e. martensitic lath block structure and nano‐precipitates were employed. Electron backscatter diffraction measurements of all coupons were done to understand the distribution and contribution of relative fraction of various grain and sub‐grain boundaries within local microstructure. Main effects of addition of 100 ppm boron to standard P91 steel as observed from present microstructural evaluation are; existence of fine nano‐precipitates P91‐coarse grained heat affected zone than its P91B counterpart, grain refinement in fine‐grained heat‐affected zone of both steels with partial dissolution of nano‐precipitates, coarsened nano‐precipitates in P91‐fine‐grained heat‐affected zone after post weld heat treatment, mixed‐structure of partially transformed martensite and coarsened undissolved prior austenite grains with nano‐precipitates in P91‐inter‐critical heat‐affected zone than P91B‐inter‐critical heat‐affected zone. However, difference in microhardness was primarily owing to variation of nano‐precipitates fraction area. In addition, present work induced grounds for microstructure stability i. e., grain boundary hardening in P91B weldments that suppresses type IV failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article induces proficient microstructure––creep reciprocity by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and impression creep measurements (ICM). The article has further contributed to understanding the synergistic effects of boron in extenuating microstructural degradation. Herein, 22 and 100 ppm boron alloyed P91 steels (P91 and P91B steels, respectively) are subjected to ICM, assessing stress exponent (n), threshold stress (σTh), effective activation volume (Veff), and activation energy. Base metal and narrowed crept realm of each steel are measured by employing EBSD. ICM results are correlated with crystal orientations and 1) strain accumulation, 2) macroscopic and 3) microscopic deformation resistance, and 4) hardness of grain in polycrystals by calculating kernel average misorientation (KAM), elastic stiffness, grain reference orientation deviation (GROD), and Taylor factor (M) within microstructure before and after ICM. Measurements of P91B steel show a small value of n and Veff and a high value of σTh and activation energy as regards P91 steel. Lower KAM and stiffness before and after creep, higher GROD in base metal, and lower GROD in the crept realm in P91B steel as regards P91 steel corroborate microstructural homogeneity. M indicates both steels are hard before creep, while ICM moderates hardness. Finally, this study reveals synergistic effects of crystal orientations, KAM, stiffness, GROD, M, and creep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of the study was to correlate environmental changes with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in four metropolitan cities. Methodology: Data on monthly cumulative new cases, monthly average temperatures, humidity, precipitation, and average monthly air quality index (AQI) levels for the four Indian cities – Chennai, New Delhi, Mumbai, and Kolkata, and biomedical waste (BMW) quantity at national level were abstracted for the period from March 2020 to December 2020. Results: An inverse correlation was observed between temperature and transmission of the disease in New Delhi and Kolkata which was of fair degree for New Delhi (r = 0.299, P = 0.402) and poor for Kolkata (r = 0.200, P value = 0.579). Positive correlation of fair and poor degrees was observed between temperature and transmission of the disease in Mumbai (r = 0.272, P = 0.448) and Chennai (r = 0.196, P = 0.588), respectively. A positive correlation was observed between the transmission of the disease and humidity in New Delhi, Mumbai, and Kolkata, which was of moderate-to-good degree for Mumbai (r = 0.729, P = 0.017) and poor for New Delhi (r = 0.242, P = 0.501) and Kolkata (r = 0.123, P = 0.735). A significant positive correlation was observed between the rise in COVID-19 cases and the quantity of BMW generated (r = 0.88, P = 0.009). Furthermore, significant improvement in air quality AQI in four metros and water quality biological oxygen demand/chemical oxygen demand of Yamuna river was observed. Conclusions: Understanding of the interplay of environmental meteorological factors on COVID-19 disease transmission and vice versa is necessary for better informed policy framing and future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, it was observed that using motor oil as the dielectric fluid when producing AA6061/SiCp/B4Cp hybrid composites provided wealth from waste. In these studies, modifications in silicon carbide (SiC) concentration, electrode (copper and brass), current, pulse time, and reinforcing weight percentage were tested. Surface roughness and machined hardness are measured and reported for each removed piece of the material. The bridging effect of silicon carbide particles raised the material removal rate (MRR), while a thorough dielectric fluid flush enhanced the Ra value. On the machined topography, the oil carbon content left dark smudges. Machining performance is superior to that of copper electrode-processed specimens. The MRR, TWR, and Ra all rise as the discharge current and pulse duration increase. Because there is no remelted layer, composites with low machining surface hardness had better finishes. The parameters were optimized using the TOPSIS approach, and it was observed that the efficiency of machining was enhanced by utilizing engine oil by the concentration of 4 gl−1. Moreover, during machining, optimized parameters like pulse on time 36 seconds, current 4 Amps, and also a brass electrode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To determine the prevalence of malocclusion. Materials & methods:A total of 1000 subjects were enrolled. The age of subjects was between 11-33 years. The molar relationship was recorded according to Angle's classification as class I, II, or III. The data were analyzed with the SPSS software. Results: A total of 1000 subjects were enrolled. Normal occlusion was seen in 75% of the examined population whereas Angle's class I, II, III malocclusion were present in 14%, 8%, and 3%, respectively. The difference in malocclusion was statistically significant. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of normal occlusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Wetting studies of pure and aqueous PILs on different substrates. • The effect of anionic chain length on interfacial properties impacting contact angle was studied. • Variation in drop contact line based on PIL concentration in water on the glass surface was studied. • Drop motion/autophobing was observed for PIL with a smaller anionic chain length. • Dependency of wetting behavior on solute–solvent, solution-substrate interactions was concluded. In this study, the wetting behaviour of pure protic ionic liquids (PILs) and their mixture with water was studied at ambient conditions. Ethanolammonium acetate [EAAc], ethanolammonium butyrate [EABu], and ethanolammonium hexanoate [EAHx] were used as PILs for the wetting studies on various surfaces. The contact angle and wetting area of pure and mixed PIL solutions were determined on superhydrophobic, hydrophilic, and total wetting surfaces. Smaller alkyl chain PIL, ethanolammonium acetate (EAAc) displayed the highest contact angle (CA) of 141° on superhydrophobic surfaces. On hydrophilic polycarbonate (PC), shorter anionic chain PILs demonstrated CA < 90°, showing the ILphilic behaviour, and the variation of CA was PIL anionic chain length dependent. Total wetting glass exhibited the lowest CA for [EAAc], which increased with the PIL anionic chain. A binary mixture of PIL with water demonstrated unique wetting behaviour on the total wetting surface. The aqueous drops of EAHx exhibited a dynamic contact line on the glass surface, showing the greatest expansion in wetting area compared to drops of aqueous EAAc or aqueous EABu. This occurrence could be ascribed to the substantial decrease in water surface tension induced by the hydrophobic hexanoate anion, potentially leading to improved spreading characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the synthesis and characterization of KSrVO4 phosphors doped with Er3+ ions using combustion synthesis route by using urea as a fuel. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the orthorhombic phase and nano-scale crystallite size of around 21 nm, while transmission electron microscopy showed spherical and rod-shaped morphologies. The studies detected upconversion emission spectra at 526, 542 and 643 nm, representing green and red transitions under 980 nm excitation. Downshifting emissions under 350 nm excitation revealed peaks at 492, 544 and 680 nm. The critical quenching concentration was 2.5 mol%, resulting from dipole-quadrupole interactions among dopant ions. The direct and indirect optical band gaps were calculated as 3.61 and 3.41 eV, respectively. The calculated chromaticity coordinates and color correlated temperature values of the phosphor surpassed 5000 K, suggesting its viability for cool LED applications. These findings emphasize KSrVO4:Er3+ as a promising greenish component in white LEDs and a potent upconverting luminescence material for bio-imaging and photovoltaics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we investigate how the structural and optical characteristics of ZrO2 and Na2ZrO3 are influenced by Sm3+ ion doping. Urea-assisted combustion approach is employed by varying the molar concentration of Sm3+ ions in both the host lattices. XRD pattern revealed the monoclinic crystal system for both samples. XPS investigation has been examined to acquire the chemical information of the samples. FESEM is used to identify the morphology of the samples. The optimum molar concentrations of Sm3+ doped ZrO2 and Na2ZrO3 phosphors, as per photoluminescence (PL) findings, are 1.5 mol% and 2 mol%, respectively. CIE coordinates of ZrO2:Sm3+ and Na2ZrO3:Sm3+ are found to be (x = 0.59, y = 0.41) and (x = 0.61, y = 0.39) that corresponds to the amber region of color gamut. The optical bandgap for the synthesized samples is estimated using the UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra and the obtained values for the optimal concentration of dopant (Sm3+) in the ZrO2 and Na2ZrO3 samples are 4.61 and 4.94 eV, respectively. The findings of the study reveal that the synthesized phosphors may be utilized as warm light phosphors and be a promising candidate for amber light-emitting diodes (LEDs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports the spectroscopic investigation of Ba3Zr2O7 phosphors. A series of Ba3Zr2O7: Eu3+ with the different molar concentrations (0–4 mol.%) of europium (Eu3+) ion is synthesized by the solution combustion method. The synthesized powders are characterized systematically using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction results indicate that the synthesized powder has a tetragonal crystal structure. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is used to study the elemental composition of the synthesized phosphor. Field emission scanning electron microscopy result reveals that non-uniform morphology is formed. Photoluminescence spectroscopy result shows several emission peaks due to electronic transitions of Eu3+ ion, and the dominant peak is observed at 613 nm due to electric dipole transition 5D0 → 7F2. CIE coordinates of Eu3+-activated Ba3Zr2O7 phosphor is found to be (x = 0.64, y = 0.36) which gives bright red emission. The optical band gap of the phosphors is obtained from the diffuse reflectance spectrum and found in the range of 4.62–4.83 eV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of formalin on 1st year medical students. Exposure to formalin gives toxic effects on students. Formaldehyde is most commonly used embalming fluid in for preserving cadavers in anatomical dissection hall. Embalming without formaldehyde is, to most embalmers, just a meaningless historical footnote. Materials and Methods: The present study carried out on 150 1st year medical students after consent them in Department of Anatomy, Maharishi Markendeshwar Medical College and Hospital Solan. Results: Among 150 student's acute effects of formalin reported on many medical students the most troublesome symptom develop was unpleasant smell. Nausea and watering of eyes, irritation of eyes followed by symptom most seen was headache, tiredness' respiratory problem. We found students not using gloves, masks, spectacles regularly for dissection were at high risk for developing these symptoms. Conclusion: formalin has toxic effects on body so proper precautions should be taken. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immobilization, such as prolonged bed rest, is a risk factor for bone loss in humans. Motivated by the emerging utility of zebrafish (Danio rerio) as an animal of choice for the study of musculoskeletal disease, here we report a model of restricted mobility induced osteopenia in adult zebrafish. Aquatic tanks with small cubical compartments to restrict the movement and locomotion of single fish were designed and fabricated for this study. Adult zebrafish were divided into two groups: a normal control (CONT) and a restricted mobility group (RMG) (18 fish/group). Six fish from each group were euthanized on days 14, 21 and 35 of the movement restriction. By using microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT), we assessed bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV) and bone density in the whole skeleton of the fish. Furthermore, we assessed skeletal shape in the vertebrae (radius, length, volume, neural and haemal arch aperture areas, neural and haemal arch angle, and thickness of the intervertebral space), single vertebra bone volume and bone density. Movement restriction significantly decreased vertebral skeletal parameters such as radius, length, volume, arch aperture areas and angles as well as the thickness of the intervertebral space in RMG. Furthermore, restricted mobility significantly (P < 0.001) decreased BV/TV and bone density as compared to the CONT group, starting as early as 14 days. By analysing zebrafish from CONT and RMG, we show that micro‐CT imaging is a sensitive method to quantify distinct skeletal properties in zebrafish. We further defined the micro‐CT parameters which can be used to examine the effects of restricted mobility on the skeleton of the fish. Our findings propose a rapid and effective osteopenia "stabulation" model, which could be used widely for osteoporosis drug screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the relationship between adolescence, social media, and mental health. It highlights the vulnerability of adolescents to mental health disorders and suicide due to physical and psychological developments during this phase. The article emphasizes the negative effects of social media overuse, such as deterioration in mental health and increased screen time. It also addresses issues like cyberbullying, body dissatisfaction, and the addictive nature of online gaming. The article suggests that parental communication and monitoring of online activities are crucial for protecting adolescents' mental health. Pediatricians are encouraged to educate parents about digital technology and promote a balanced approach to screen time. [Extracted from the article]

Background: The association of workplace factors on mental health of healthcare workers (HCWs) during the COVID-19 pandemic needs to be urgently established. This will enable governments and policy-makers to make evidence-based decisions. This international study reports the association between workplace factors and the mental health of HCWs during the pandemic.Methods: An international, cross-sectional study was conducted in 41 countries. The primary outcome was depressive symptoms, derived from the validated Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2). Multivariable logistic regression identified factors associated with mental health outcomes. Inter-country differences were also evaluated.Results: A total of 2527 responses were received, from 41 countries, including China (n = 1213; 48.0%), UK (n = 891; 35.3%), and USA (n = 252; 10.0%). Of all participants, 1343 (57.1%) were aged 26 to 40 years, and 2021 (80.0%) were female; 874 (34.6%) were doctors, and 1367 (54.1%) were nurses. Factors associated with an increased likelihood of depressive symptoms were: working in the UK (OR = 3.63; CI = [2.90-4.54]; p < 0.001) and USA (OR = 4.10; CI = [3.03-5.54]), p < 0.001); being female (OR = 1.74; CI = [1.42-2.13]; p < 0.001); being a nurse (OR = 1.64; CI = [1.34-2.01]; p < 0.001); and caring for a COVID-19 positive patient who subsequently died (OR = 1.20; CI = [1.01-1.43]; p = 0.040). Workplace factors associated with depressive symptoms were: redeployment to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) (OR = 1.67; CI = [1.14-2.46]; p = 0.009); redeployment with perceived unsatisfactory training (OR = 1.67; CI = [1.32-2.11]; p < 0.001); not being issued with appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) (OR = 2.49; CI = [2.03-3.04]; p < 0.001); perceived poor workplace support within area/specialty (OR = 2.49; CI = [2.03-3.04]; p < 0.001); and perceived poor mental health support (OR = 1.63; CI = [1.38-1.92]; p < 0.001).Conclusion: This is the first international study, demonstrating that workplace factors, including PPE availability, staff training pre-redeployment, and provision of mental health support, are significantly associated with mental health during COVID-19. Governments, policy-makers and other stakeholders need to ensure provision of these to safeguard HCWs' mental health, for future waves and other pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates different genres in Indian book market to establish a clear understanding of dominating genres in the market. The focus of the study is in tandem with two groups: fiction and non‐fiction books on the basis of 52 weeks' bestsellers list. The model employs a point system constructed by mapping performance score of different genres. By using these performance scores, Kruskal‐Wallis H test and Mann–Whitney U test are performed. The results show that there is a significant difference between each genre but one particular genre stands out the most in both the categories. Romance in Fiction category and Self‐help in non‐fiction category dominates the Indian book market as shown by the study. This evidence has a far‐reaching implication toward the understanding of the dynamics of genre preferences in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient in vitro propagation system has been developed for the rapid micropropagation of Thymus serpyllum L. (Banajwain), an aromatic medicinal herb from nodal explant on MS medium. Phenolic leaching and high rate of contamination was the most significant problem in establishing in vitro culture of Thymus serpyllum which was overcome by preparing explants in an antioxidant ascorbic acid (1000 ppm) at 6°C for 45 min and addition of the same antioxidant (50 mgl−1) to the MS medium. The frequency of shoot production was influenced by different cytokinins (Kn, BAP, and Kn + BAP) and 95.56% shoot induction was observed when MS medium was supplemented with 1.0 + 2.0 mgl−1 (Kn + BAP). The maximum average number of shoots 16.93 ± 2.15 and average length (3.98 ± 0.55) was recorded when MS medium have 0.5 + 2.0 mgl−1 (Kn + BAP). The in vitro regenerated microshoots were rooted on MS and half strength MS medium and there was significant difference in root induction on both media under the influence of auxins (IAA, IBA, and NAA). The maximum average number (11.67 ± 3.03) and average root length (3.88 ± 0.71) was reported in half MS medium having 1.0 mgl−1 IBA. The complete regenerated plantlets were acclimatized under growth chamber before transferring to the earthen pots and showed 90% survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]