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The aim of the research is to explore how flipped classrooms utilizing peer instruction impact students' grasp of the periodic table of elements. In this quasi-experimental design, a total of 64 tenth-grade students participated. The study took place at a public high school situated in Bekasi, a city located in the central region of Indonesia. Experimental group students were instructed in flipped classrooms together with peer instruction (FCPI) and control group students were taught in flipped classrooms without peer instruction (FCX). For quantitative data analysis, t-tests and Cohen's d were computed. The findings indicated a significant mean disparity between the two groups of students concerning conceptual understanding after the instructions were given. Also, students in FCPI showed a higher increase in conceptual understanding than students in FCX with high effect sizes. It indicates that the integration of flipped classrooms with peer instruction proved more efficacious in enhancing students' conceptual understanding compared to FCX. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dirinaria picta is a lichen species known for its tolerance to air pollution and its ability to accumulate pollutants in its thallus, making it a suitable bioindicator in urban areas. This study aims to assess the response of lichens to air pollution by examining their morphological characteristics, analyzing the presence of magnetic grains, and identifying the origin of elements in their tissues. Samples were collected from three locations in Bandung area which represent polluted areas, namely Juanda Street (JD) and Kebon Kawung (KK), and Padalarang Street (PD) and one location which represent as a control area with low pollution levels, namely Curug Cimahi (CC). Lichen microstructure scanning was performed using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and the presence of elements was detected through Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). The SEM analysis revealed that samples from areas with higher air pollution levels exhibited obvious damage to their thallus, characterized by a more porous structure and the presence of cuboidal particles. Conversely, samples from control area showed a more compact structure. The EDS observations identified 14 elements present in the lichen tissues, ranked in descending order of abundance: C>Ca>O>Pb>Cu>Mn>Zn>Fe>Cr>Al>Cl>Se>Cd>K. The composition and quantity of these elements in lichen tissues were influenced by the level of air pollution generated by the number of vehicles passing through the area. The more vehicles, the higher the level of air pollution, resulting in greater stress for the D. picta population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Fluoxetine is one of the medications used for the treatment of depression with several benefits, but some patients have a poor response to the drug. Several studies reported the use of Mozart music (K448) as an alternative therapy for treating the condition, yet the combination of Mozart and fluoxetine remains underexplored. In light of this, this study aims to assess the impact of combined fluoxetine and Mozart (K448) therapy on depressive-like behavior and associated hormonal changes in a rodent model subjected to Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress (CUMS) conditions. Materials and Methods: The depression-induced animal model received one of these three specified treatments: fluoxetine (F), Mozart (M), or a combination of fluoxetine and Mozart (F+M). The depressive-like behavior was assessed using a 24-hour sucrose preference test (SPT). Additionally, after 21 days of treatment, plasma corticosterone levels and hippocampal melatonin levels were assessed. Statistical analysis using either ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests was then performed. Results: The fluoxetine-Mozart group had higher SPT compared to CUMS group. However, they do not have a better result compared to other groups in terms of corticosterone and melatonin levels with values of respectively. Conclusion: The combined therapy of fluoxetine and Mozart improved depressive-like behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The power peaking factor (PPF) is an important parameter that needs to be considered to maintain the reactor's stability, safety and efficiency. The present study discusses the power density distribution in the reactor core by calculating the PPF to increase the reactor safety margin and minimize the possibility of a high power density at a certain point causing core failure in the Molten Salt Reactor (MSR), which is one of the Generation-IV reactors with fuel and coolant dissolved in molten salt. Important parameters discussed in the present study are the distribution of the reactor core region and the fuel composition in each region during the reactor operation time of 2,000 days. Analysis was performed for 3 different thermal power: 150, 450 and 1,000 MWth as a representative to determine the behavior of PPF at small to large power by taking the reference design of the FUJI U3 reactor developed by ITMSF (International Thorium Molten-Salt Forum) Japan. FliBe (Lithium and Beryllium Fluoride) is used as the coolant, and the fuel mixture is 233UF4-ThF4. The calculation was conducted using SRAC2006 with PIJ and CITATION modules that solve the neutron diffusion equation providing power distribution values and effective multiplication factors. As a result, the MSR with 4 core regions produces a more balanced power distribution, a better PPF value, and a good effective multiplication factor for 2,000 days of operation time compared to the reference design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study aims to explore the impact of using the Go-Chemist! app on students' attitudes toward chemistry on colligative properties. This pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design study involved 71 twelfth-grade students in Jakarta, Indonesia. One class was randomly assigned to a treatment group which was taught using a mobile application and another class was assigned to a comparison group which was taught using e-books. The Attitude Toward Chemistry Lessons Scale (ATCLS) was administered before and after instruction to both groups. To analyze the data, we employed independent and paired sample t-tests. The results indicated that after the intervention, the gap in attitude scores between the two groups was statistically significant in favor of the intervention group. Students in the treatment group also showed a statistically significant improvement in average scores from pre- to post-administration with a large effect size. This reflected the use of the Go-Chemist! app effectively increases students' positive attitudes toward chemistry lessons on the topic of colligative properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) is a protocol widely used to create an animal model of depression with food deprivation, water deprivation, and physical-dominant stressors as routine procedures. However, human depression mainly involves psychological stressors and does not always involve a lack of food and water; thus, CUMS procedures should be modified accordingly. Therefore, this study aimed to create an animal model of depression, mainly focusing on a psychologically dominant stressor without food and water deprivation. Materials and Methods: The CUMS and control groups, respectively, received CUMS modification (psychologically dominant stressors without food and water deprivation) for 21 days. A 24-h sucrose preference test (SPT) was used to assess the successful creation of an animal model of depression. Daily food intake measurements, weekly weight monitoring, and weight gain calculations were performed. Either an independent sample t-test or the Mann–Whitney test was used. Results: Of the 42 rats included, 39 completed the study. Chronic unpredictable mild stress procedures for 21 days significantly reduced the SPT (p < 0.05), mean body weight (p < 0.05), and weekly weight gain (p < 0.05) in the CUMS group compared to the control group. However, the weekly average food intake did not statistically differ between the two groups. Conclusion: Psychological dominant CUMS modification to an animal model of depression resulted in lower SPT, body weight, and weekly weight gain in the CUMS group than in the control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the use of fluoxetine as a first-line therapy, some patients do not show a good therapeutic effect. Effective antidepressant therapy will reverse the low serotonin and BDNF levels found in depression. Mozart K. 448 was reported to yield a good therapeutic effect for depression. Based on findings, the combination of Mozart K. 448 and fluoxetine as a therapy for depression is very rare. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of the combined therapy of fluoxetine and Mozart K. 448 on hippocampal serotonin and BDNF levels in an animal model of depression under CUMS conditions. In this study, the animal model of depression was administered three different treatments, i.e. fluoxetine, Mozart, or fluoxetine-Mozart combined therapy, respectively. Hippocampal serotonin and BDNF levels were assessed after 21 days of treatment. Statistical analysis was then carried out using T-test or Mann-Whitney test and ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis. The fluoxetine-Mozart group has higher BDNF levels, but lower serotonin levels compared to other groups with values of 1,694±0.215 and 44,533±3,275, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The habitat of Javan deer in Pangandaran Nature Reserve (PNR) faced natural changes, particularly due to the succession process of vegetation community in grazing areas, and inadequate infrastructures that affected the deer to roam outside PNR. This study aimed to formulate strategies for the conservation of Javan deer in PNR, focusing on ecological aspects and conservation management. The methods were encountering Javan deer individuals; scan sampling and continuous recording to observe the behaviour of Javan deer; calculating the productivity of grazing area by defoliation experiment and vegetation analysis; reviewing documents, reports and interviews; and analysing strategy using SWOT-QSPM. Results showed there were 43 Javan deer encountered roaming in PNR and outside the conservation area, and nine individuals gathered in Cikamal grassland. The productivity of the grazing areas (5.61 ha) was 93,826 kg of feed annually and was only sufficient for 23 individuals. The grazing areas were dominated by Cynodon dactylon. Javan deer spent their time feeding. Javan deer herd in Cikamal is more intolerant to humans compared to the herd in Pangandaran Nature Tourist Park (PNTP). This study recommends: considering the management status of Javan deer in the conservation management of PNR and PNTP; improving the conservation management of Javan deer and its habitat; improving facilities and the management system of those facilities and conservation-supporting infrastructures;collaboration with researchers to perform some research and innovations for Javan deer conservation; improving the capability of PNR staff theoretically and practically; and educating and empowering the local people in terms of Javan deer conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bangka Island is the largest tin producer in Indonesia, dominated by onshore mining. Various ex-tin mining land reclamation programs have been implemented in Bangka and to monitor its success, indicators that characterize soil quality improvement are needed. One of the bioindicators that has potential as an indicator of the success of the reclamation program is the soil mesofauna community, such as Collembola (Springtail). Further research and variations in the correlation of data are needed to support this statement. This study calculates the abundance, diversity, species richness, evenness, and dominance of Collembola family associated with several soil fertility parameters. The research location is a pilot reclamation land of the alluvial inland tin mine “Air Kundur 3”. Seven families of Collembola were found with the abundance of 6,642 inviduals. The category of this land reclamation is low soil fertility. The results showed that an increase in the diversity, richness and evenness index values was followed by an increase in the parameters C-Organic, Cation Exchange Capacity, thickness and dry weight of litter. The increase in the relative abundance and dominance of Collembola was followed by a decrease in the index of diversity, richness and evenness of species. This study confirm the prediction that the diversity, richness, and evenness index of Collembola species can be used as an indicator of soil fertility in post-tin mining reclamation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Stunting occurs due to chronic malnutrition and is a major problem for children in developing countries. It is important to evaluate the impact of stunting on the development of children. This study aimed to investigate the impact of stunting on the development of children between 1-3 years of age. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2020 to March 2021 in Surabaya, Indonesia. A questionnaire and growth assessment were done, following the development measurement to stunted and non-stunted children who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Development was measured by the Denver Developmental Screening Test II (DDST-II), and Cognitive Adaptive Test/Clinical Linguistic & Auditory Milestone (CAT/CLAMS) scales. Results: Three hundred children are included in this study, consisting of 150 stunted and 150 non-stunted children. Stunted children had a higher risk to be suspected of delayed development compared to non-stunted children. The Crude Odd Ratio was 2.98, 4.24, 4.75 with the p-value 0.006, 0.001. and 0.001 respectively. The Adjusted Odd Ratio was 0.34, 0.24, 0.21 with pvalue of 0.008, 0.001, and 0.001 respectively. CONCLUSION: Stunting is associated with suspected development delay among children 1-3 years of age. Initiatives related to prevention need to be established and nutrition advice needs to be provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection show various clinical manifestations, including neurological. Altered consciousness due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 encephalitis is a very threatening condition if not treated immediately. Case presentation: We present the case of a 34-year-old Asian female who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection using a nasopharyngeal swab sample and presented with acute changes in consciousness without typical respiratory symptoms. Empiric therapy was immediately and simultaneously given with cerebrospinal fluid analysis using polymerase chain reaction, which later also showed positive results for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Conclusions: It is important to consider the diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 encephalitis when a patient presents with acute altered consciousness and no typical respiratory symptoms. Early empiric therapy can improve patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Roads as transportation system infrastructure that are routinely used to support human activities every day must have adequate quality. The increase in the number of public and private vehicles results in the use of roads that continue to increase to the potential road damage if they do not have adequate quality. One of the factors of the quality of road infrastructure is the road pavement. This study is to examine the effects of bamboo shell powder as Filler on the ac-WC hot asphalt mixture on the characteristic value of Marshall. In this study we used Marshall Testing. This research was carried out in laboratories, starting from literature studies, material collection, material testing, determination of mixed plan asphalt levels, preparation and manufacture of test objects and Marshall testing. This study found bamboo shells to be one of the mixed materials in the hot asphalt mixture so that it becomes an asset for residents in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: High‐temperature gas reactor (HTGR) is one of the Generation IV nuclear reactors currently undergoing rapid development in the world. The utilization of fissile material becomes an important parameter in HTGR technology because of the use of layered particle‐type fuel that makes it challenging to reprocess. This research aims to compare and optimize the fissile utilization of HTGR 60 MWt using UO2, (Th‐U)O2, and (Pu‐U)O2. The utilization of fissile material on HTGR is being studied in this research by using the SRAC (Standard Reactor Analysis Code) version 2006 and the Japanese Evaluated Nuclear Data Library (JENDL) version 4.0. Parametric surveys are performed for important neutronic parameters, including analyzing the effects of fuel enrichment and the coated fuel particle (CFP) amount. Fissile materials are analyzed on a 1% to 20% enrichment level, and the CFP number is varied from 4470 to 26 830. The neutronic parameters taken into account are k‐inf, conversion ratio (CR), the density of fissile and fertile material, and neutron energy spectrum. The results suggest that 11% of fuel enrichment and CFP number between 8950 and 11 180 are optimal for 60MWt HTGR. The highest fuel utilization level at the end of the reactor period was achieved by Pu‐based fuel, with 81.6% of utilized fissile material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Mental health problems, such as anxiety, depression, and ineffective family coping, in children with lupus nephritis (LN) can increase the severity and affect the management of the disease, thus affecting the quality of life (QoL) of patients. Objective: Analyzing the association between levels of depression, anxiety, coping, disease activity on the QoL of pediatric patients with LN. Patients and Methods: There were 62 pediatric LN participants (16 participants in the induction phase and 46 participants in the maintenance phase). Participants were measured for anxiety, depression, coping, disease activity (systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index/SLEDAI), and QoL. The measurement results were compared between induction and maintenance groups. Analysis of the association between anxiety, depression, coping, and disease activity with the QoL of children with LN used a multiple logistic regression test with p < 0.05. Results:: The measurement results obtained anxiety (induction = 69.06± 3.92 and maintenance = 45.24± 10.33; p < 0.001), depression (induction = 69.88± 3.34 and maintenance = 42.20± 9.12; p < 0.001), coping (induction = 99.88± 12.93 and maintenance = 115.67± 7.34; p < 0.001), SLEDAI (induction = 15.81± 12.58 and maintenance = 0.43± 1.26; p < 0.001), and QoL (induction = 49.92± 12.44 and maintenance = 88.15± 8.06; p < 0.001).. Anxiety level in the induction group (p = 0.043) and maintenance group (p < 0.001; p = 0.032; p = 0.008; p = 0.009). Depression level in the induction group (p = 0.031) and maintenance group (p = 0.024; p = 0.042; p = 0.003). SLEDAI score in the maintenance group (p = 0.003; p = 0.003). Coping in induction group (p = 0.016; p = 0.016) and maintenance group (p = 0.005). Conclusion: Mental health disorders reduce the QoL of LN children, and the level of QoL in induction phase is lower than maintenance phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Vietnam, Physical education is mostly still taught in a traditional model. Volleyball, as one of the most practiced sport in Physical Education classes. The study of this article was to exploration students’ difficulties in the practice of volleyball in school Physical Education (PE) classes, according to the tactical principles of the sport, and to compare them with teachers’ understanding of the discipline. This qualitative study was developed in two stages: a) observation of 14 hours/class PE volleyball classes in two different schools and field diary records of students’ difficulties during the game according to the tactical principles of the sport, and b) application of a Linkert scale with active PE teachers to classify such problems (Thomás A.P, et al 2020). In the first stage, the following situations were identified as difficulties, in decreasing order of occurrence in the observations: building the attack, occupying spaces on the court, looking for empty spaces, intending to contact the ball, and directing serves. In the teachers’ view, however, difficulties in serves were indicated as students’ main problem and, on the other hand, occupying court spaces as the action they performed more easily. On this basis, it is concluded that there are differences between the researcher’s and the teachers’ views, possibly related to teachers' initial coaching and previous experiences based on the traditional model, whose focus is not on the teaching of tactical principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leprosy is a stigmatizing, chronic infection which degenerates the nervous system and often leads to incapacitation. Multi-drug therapy which consists of dapsone, rifampicin and clofazimine has been effective to combat this disease. In Indonesia, especially in Papua Island, leprosy is still a problem. Furthermore, there had been higher reports of Dapsone Hypersensitivity Syndrome (DHS) which also challenges leprosy elimination in certain aspects. Globally, DHS has a prevalence rate of 1.4% and a fatality rate up to 13%. The aim of this study is to validate HLA-B*13:01, a previously discovered biomarker for DHS in the Chinese population, as a biomarker for DHS in the Papua population.This is a case-control study of 34 leprosy patients who presented themselves with DHS (case subjects) and 52 leprosy patients without DHS (control subjects). Patients were recruited from 2 provinces: Papua and West Papua. DNA was extracted from 3 ml blood specimens. HLA-B alleles were typed using the gold-standard sequence based typing method. Results were then analysed using logistic regression and risk assessment was carried out. The results of HLA-typing showed that HLA-B*13:01 was the most significant allele associated with DHS, with odds ratio = 233.64 and P-value = 7.11×10−9, confirming the strong association of HLA-B*13:01 to DHS in the Papua population. The sensitivity of this biomarker is 91.2% and specificity is 96.2%, with an area under the curve of 0.95. HLA-B*13:01 is validated as a biomarker for DHS in leprosy patients in Papua, Indonesia, and can potentially be a good predictor of DHS to help prevent this condition in the future. Author summary: Leprosy as a chronic infectious disease that affects the skin and nervous system is treated with a treatment cocktail, including rifampicin, clofazimine and dapsone. Unfortunately, one of these drugs, namely dapsone, may cause the patient to exhibit adverse symptoms that appear as skin hypersensitivity and may potentially lead to death up to 9.9% of the time. In a previous study, it has been established that this adverse drug reaction, which is called dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome (DHS), is associated with an allele in the human leukocyte antigen, HLA-B*13:01. In the light of validating the association of HLA-B*13:01 with DHS in a leprosy endemic area like Indonesia, we conducted a study involving leprosy patients who had DHS during the course of their multi-drug treatment as well as leprosy patients who managed to complete their course of treatment without exhibiting DHS. The results of this study validated the association of HLA-B*13:01 and DHS at a very significant level of evidence and the odds of people carrying at least one allele is 233.3-times the risk of non-carriers. This allele was also able to predict a person at risk of DHS 95% of the time. Thus, screening of HLA-B*13:01 to prevent DHS is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Stress in preterm neonates is associated with morbidity and mortality. Preterm newborns who are in need of special care are at risk of experiencing stress because of separation from the mother, ambient noises, lighting intensity, and medical procedures. Massage is believed to reduce stress through touch stimulation, and the cortisol is one of the indicators of the stress response. This study aimed to identify the effects of touch stimulation in the form of massage on salivary cortisol in preterm neonates. Methods: This study was conducted based on a quasi-experimental design. The neonates were divided into intervention and control groups who received massage and standard therapy (n=19) and only the standard therapy (n=20), respectively. The massage was given to the infants three times daily for 15 min. Salivary cortisol was measured after 10 days of intervention. Results: According to the results, the mean salivary cortisol concentration of the control group was higher (0.53±0.73 μg/dL) than that in the intervention group (0.05±0.32 μg/dL). Moreover, there was a significant difference between the groups regarding the salivary cortisol level at pre- and post-test (P=0.001). Based on the pre-test and post-test results, there was a significant decrease in salivary cortisol levels in the intervention group, compared to the control group (P=0.03 versus P=0.53). It should be noted that there were no observable side effects during the intervention. Conclusion: Based on a decrease in salivary cortisol levels, this study suggests that touch stimulation given as a massage may reduce the level of stress in preterm neonates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to evaluate the performance of the Alsintan Service Business (UPJA) in the Beginner class, Developing class, and Professional class. The research was conducted using survey techniques and analyzed descriptively and qualitatively using a balanced scorecard (BSC) approach. UPJA samples were determined purposively, namely UPJA that represents each class: UPJA Sumber Makmur as UPJA Professional class, UPJA OJHA as UPJA Beginner class in Sleman Regency, and UPJA Tirtosari as UPJA Developing class in Gunungkidul Regency. Respondents were UPJA managers and employees. The results showed that, based on the financial perspective, the performance of the UPJA Beginner class and UPJA Developing class was fairly good, while the UPJA Professional class was good. Based on the customer's perspective, UPJA's performance in all classes falls into the good category. Based on the perspective of internal business processes, the performance of the three UPJA classes has innovated the development of service business services and has carried out service business operations in the medium category. Based on the perspective of learning and growth, the performance of all UPJA classes already provides satisfactory facilities for their employees. However, the UPJA Beginner class and Developing class need to improve the ability of its operators through training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mothers and child health (MCH) are one of the main issues in family medicine. Related to this practice, Indonesian government issued mother and child health (MCH) handbook for monitoring child development due to various child developmental problems in Indonesia. However, there are reports of improper MCH handbook utilization. This study aimed to analyze factors related to the utilization of MCH handbook by mothers in Indonesia. Cross sectional observational study was conducted from March to May 2018. This study involved mothers with children aged 3 to 72 months old in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. Specific population of mothers who had children attending Early Childhood Education and Development (ECED) and Integrated Health Post (IHP) (Indonesia: Pos Pelayanan Terpadu-Posyandu) were included as inclusion criteria. Maternal characteristics, child health status, employment status, and utilization of MCH handbook were recorded through questionnaire. Association between variables then analyzed statistically using Spearman correlation test. As many as 288 participants were enrolled in this study. We found that mothers' participation of Posyandu was positively correlated with MCH handbook utilization (p<0.05). Meanwhile, mother's occupation (p>0.05), mothers' education (p>0.05), and maternal age (p>0.05) were found to be unrelated to the utilization of MCH handbook. Mothers' age, education, and employment were found to be uncorrelated with utilization of MCH handbook. Whereas, mothers' participation in Posyandu was a determinant factor correlated with utilization of MCH handbook. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To share our experience of establishing an acute outreach service to nursing homes and to evaluate the impact of such service on emergency department presentations, data were drawn from a pre‐existing database from 2013 to 2017. Of the 986 acute patients treated in 12 nursing homes over a 23‐month period, the acute geriatric outreach service was shown to be safe, with few adverse events (one allergic reaction) and 5.3% of patients required transfer to hospital. The acute service decreased emergency department presentation of nursing home patients by 10% compared to the subacute service (incidence rate ratio = 0.90; 95% confidence interval: 0.84–0.96; P = 0.001). Cost–benefit analysis showed for every $1 spent, a saving of $5 was realised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder in a child with three symptoms, which include inattention, hyperactivity and impulsiveness that may persist into adulthood for some conditions. Parenting style is thought to be one part that determines the risk of ADHD in children. This study aims to analyse the relationship between parenting styles and the risk of ADHD in children. Methods: Employing a cross-sectional design, this study was conducted in Surabaya from November 2020 to January 2021. The respondents of the study were parents who had children at risk of ADHD with a total of 55 samples recruited using the purposive sampling technique. The questionnaires used are the demographic questionnaire, Abbreviated Conners Rating Scale (ACRS), and the Parenting Style Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (KPAA), which were filled out online by the respondents. The data were processed and analysed using the bivariate analysis test, Pearson's chi-squared test, which has a significant value if the P-value < 0.05. Results: The majority of the parents used the authoritative style (94.5%). There was a significant relationship between parenting style and the risk of ADHD in children with P < 0.001 for authoritarian and permissive styles and P = 0.005 for an authoritative style. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between parenting style and the risk of ADHD in children. This indicates the importance of early diagnosis of ADHD and treating the children with ADHD in the context of family environment, especially from parenting style. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes mellitus type-2 (DM-2) is a disease characterized by high level of blood glucose which may result in complications of other diseases. Currently, the disease prevalence of DM-2 has been increasing. Appropriate diet patterns can be a solution for DM-2 control. Black soybean milk (BSM) enriched with microencapsulated crude palm oil (CPO) is an example. The objective of the study was to determine the effectiveness of BSM containing microencapsulated CPO in controlling and improving the condition of DM- 2 patients. The intervention consist 2 group with 15 people DM-2 was given BSM 240 mL containing 0.4 g microencapsulated CPO daily for 28 days, while a control group with 11 people DM-2 without intervention product. Data were analyzed using software SPSS 15.0 with student-t test at significant level α=5%. Medicines prescribed to all volunteer were not terminated during the intervention period. The microencapsulated CPO usedin this study has a moisture content of 1.77±0.15%, solubility value of 65.39±2.71%, and total carotene of 295.24±7.40 ppm while BSM has protein content of 2.76±0.13%, fat 1.17±0.06%, ash 0.12±0.08%, moisture 94.69±0.04%, and carbohydrate (by difference) 1.27±0.10%. The consumption of BSM containing microencapsulated CPO showed insignificant effects on Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) levels (P>0.05), but significantly reduced cyclooxygenase 2 levels (P<0.05) and MDA levels (P<0.05). The control group showed insignificant differences for FBG (P>0.05), cyclooxygenase 2 (P<0.05), and MDA level (P>0.05). The significant changes indicated that BSM containing microencapsulated CPO has against DM-2 disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our recent work is reviewed on the influence of hydrogen on the mechanical properties of four medium-strength Ni–Cr–Mo steels, studied using the linearly increasing stress test (LIST). Cathodic hydrogen charging at different negative potentials was used to produce the different hydrogen conditions. All four steels have good resistance to hydrogen up to the yield stress, especially NiCrMo1. Somewhat lower ductility occurred due to the presence of alumina oxides inclusions. Their performance in a hydrogen environment may be improved by reducing the density or the size of inclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents analysis of the wind speed characteristics at Chuping and Kangar in Perlis, Malaysia. The characteristics consist of daily, monthly and annual mean wind speed. The Weibull distribution function is applied to analyze the wind speed characteristics and used to calculate the wind power generation potential. The wind power and energy as functions of tower height are presented and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that during 2005-2009 the mean wind speed at Chuping is 1.12m/s, and during 2012-2013 the mean wind speed at Kangar is 2.50m/s. Based on the analysis of the Weibull distribution function, the wind speed and probability density are, respectively, 0.97m/s and 73% at Chuping, also 2.5m/s and 45% at Kangar. They are important information to choose a suitable wind turbine for a wind power generation. The monthly mean wind power and energy density in the beginning (January-March) and the end (December) of year are higher than in the middle of year. The analysis result of the wind power and energy density as functions of tower height shows that higher tower height will produce higher wind power and energy density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] The passive safety feature was analyzed for a small simplified pebble bed reactor. [•] The decay heat is transferred through conduction and radiation. [•] The last heat sink is the ground. [•] The decay heat can be removed successfully without failure of fuel elements. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The linearly increasing stress test (LIST) was used to study the influence of hydrogen on 3.5NiCrMoV steel in acidified 0.1M Na2SO4, pH 2 at increasingly negative applied potentials to −1700mVAg/AgCl. For specimens tested in solution with an applied potential, there were surface cracks in the necked region, but no surface cracks in the uniformly deformed part of the specimen. This implies that there was no influence of hydrogen up to the yield stress of the steel. Hydrogen induced brittle fracture events made a small contribution to the overall ductile fracture, which occurred after the onset of necking. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: Wound care is indispensable. Papaya leaves have the potential to accelerate wound healing. The current study aims to analyze the effect of papaya leaf extract gel concentration on IL-1β expression decrease and collagen density (Col1A1) increase in the back incision wound healing of wistar rats. Methods: This research is true experimental with post-test only control group design. The samples are 30 female wistar rats with a back incision wound. They are grouped into 5 groups: negative control (rats with back incision wounds and given NaCl 0.9%), positive control (rats with back incision wounds given povidone iodine 10%), treatment groups 1, 2, and 3, each of whose back incision wounds are given papaya leaf extract gel concentrations of 10%, 20%, and 30% respectively. The treatment is administered once every 24 hours topically for 7 days and sacrificed on days 1, 3, and 7. The tissue samples are stained with Immunohistochemistry and analyzed using Image-J at 10 field of view with 400x magnification and a bar scale of 5 μm. The data are analyzed by using One-Way ANOVA, Tukey HSD, and Pearson Correlation tests with SPSS. Results: The three concentrations of papaya leaf extract gel have a gradual decrease in IL-1β expression and increase in Col1A1 expression. The higher the concentration of the papaya leaf extract gel given, the lower the IL-1β expression and the greater the Col1A1 expression. Conclusions: There is a significant correlation between the concentration of the administered papaya leaf extract gel to the IL-1β and Col1A1 expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Of eight leprosy susceptibility loci identified by genome-wide association studies, five have been implicated in Crohn disease, suggesting a common genetic fingerprint between leprosy and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Here, we conducted a multiple-stage genetic association study of 133 IBD susceptibility loci in multiple leprosy samples (totaling 4,971 leprosy cases and 5,503 controls) from a Chinese population and discovered two associations at rs2058660 on 2q12.1 (p = 4.57 × 10−19; odds ratio [OR] = 1.30) and rs6871626 on 5q33.3 (p = 3.95 × 10−18; OR = 0.75), implicating IL18RAP/IL18R1 and IL12B as susceptibility genes for leprosy. Our study reveals the important role of IL12/IL18-mediated transcriptional regulation of IFN-γ production in leprosy, and together with previous findings, it demonstrates the shared genetic susceptibility between infectious and inflammatory diseases. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper presents an analysis of the wind speed characteristics in Perlis, Northern Malaysia for the year of 2006. The characteristics consist of daily, monthly and annual mean wind speed. The Weibull distribution function is applied to analyze the wind speed characteristics and used to calculate the wind power generation potential. Potential of wind power generation is observed and analyzed during 24 hours (9th March 2011). The analysis result of monthly mean wind power and energy density show that the early (January to march) and the end (December) of year have a high wind power and energy potential, but the middle of year they are very low, it is necessary to develop a special wind power generation capable of harnessing the little wind resource available in Perlis. Observation during 24 hours (9th March 2011), for a 24 V wind power generation gives 10% of its total output voltage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The best way to obtain the solar radiation data of a particular place of interest (POI) is to measure at the specific site continuously and accurately over the long term. However, due to financial, maintenance, calibration requirement of the measuring equipment or institutional limitations, these data are absent, incomplete or inaccessible in most areas of the world. Based on meteorological data from Chuping Station, Perlis which is at Northern Malaysia, there were several missing data of solar radiation for the year 2007 and 2008. This paper presents a new method to estimate the solar radiation which is a combination of Hargreaves method and linear regression. Normally, both regression coefficients, a and b of the linear regression are found based on the measured data, but using the proposed method, both regression coefficients based on the Hargreaves method with the correlated parameter, x is the difference of daily temperature. This paper also presents the basic knowledge of Hargreaves method before the proposed method is implemented. As validation, those solar radiation data that are measured by Chuping Station for the year 2006 and by Electrical Energy and Industrial Electronic System (EEIES) Cluster Station for the month of March–June 2011 and their estimated solar radiation data are compared and analyzed using coefficient of residual mass (CRM), root mean squared error (RMSE), Nash–Sutcliffe equation (NSE) and percentage error (e). The statistical analysis of the average monthly measured solar radiation data for the past 26years (1979–2006) is compared with the estimated solar radiation data for 3years (2006–2008). The proposed method result shows that the value of CRM is closer to zero which indicates that the proposed method is perfectly estimated, the values of RMSE are low value, this indicates that the method performs well, the value of NSE is closer to 1 which indicates that the estimated solar radiation match perfectly with the measured data taken for the past 26years, the value of e is closer to zero which indicates that the proposed method is acceptable and applicable. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]