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Despite ongoing efforts to improve database accessibility, aggregated database vendors concede that they do not have complete control over document accessibility. Instead, they point to the responsibility of journal publishers to deliver articles in an accessible format. This may increase the likelihood that users with disabilities will encounter articles that are not compatible with a screen reader. To better understand the extent of the problem, a document accessibility audit was conducted of randomly selected articles from EBSCO's Library & Information Source database. Full-text articles from 12 library science journals were evaluated against two measures of screen reader compatibility: HTML format (the optimal format for screen readers) and PDF accessibility conformance. Findings showed inconsistencies in HTML format availability for articles in the selected journals. Additionally, the entire sample of PDF articles failed to meet the minimum standard of PDF Universal Accessibility of containing a tagged structure. However, all PDF articles passed accessibility permissions tests, so could be made accessible retroactively by a third party. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report evidence of an undocumented method to manipulate citation counts involving "sneaked" references. Sneaked references are registered as metadata for published scientific articles in which they do not appear. This manipulation exploits trusted relationships between various actors: publishers, the Crossref metadata registration agency, digital libraries, and bibliometric platforms. By collecting metadata from various sources, we show that extra undue references are actually sneaked in at Digital Object Identifier (DOI) registration time, resulting in artificially inflated citation counts. As a case study, focusing on three journals from a given publisher, we identified at least 9% sneaked references (5978⁄65,836) mainly benefiting two authors. Despite not being present in the published articles, these sneaked references exist in metadata registries and inappropriately propagate to bibliometric dashboards. Furthermore, we discovered "lost" references: the studied bibliometric platform failed to index at least 56% (36,939/65,836) of the references present in the HTML version of the publications. This research led to an investigation by Crossref (confirming our findings) and to subsequent corrective actions. The extent of the distortion—due to sneaked and lost references—in the global literature remains unknown and requires further investigations. Bibliometric platforms producing citation counts should identify, quantify, and correct these flaws to provide accurate data to their patrons and prevent further citation gaming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposed a game-based flipped teaching approach and applied it to a HTML (HyperText Markup Language) course. We developed two versions of the pre-class content testing, one of which was game-based, using a "looking-through" game, and the other which was traditional, using a multiple-choice test. We conducted a teaching experiment of 9 weeks with 3 h per week. The valid sample was 39 students in the experimental group using the game-based version, and 32 in the control group using the traditional version. We hoped that the students' learning effectiveness could be increased. However, adding the game may have different impacts on different human factors and different cognitive processes of Bloom's taxonomy. To more precisely understand these problems, we divided the students into high and low prior knowledge, and divided learning effectiveness into the higher-level applying and analyzing aspects and the lower-level remembering and understanding aspects. The results showed that learners with low prior knowledge who originally lacked the foundational knowledge became interested in concentrating and then in the higher-level cognitive learning processes because of the experience of immersing themselves in the flow of the game. The learning effectiveness of their classroom participation significantly improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article identifies trends in the use of the MARC 505 field through the analysis of records downloaded from the UK's National Bibliographic Knowledgebase. It finds that the proportion of records where this field is formatted in the established way—with items delimited by a double hyphen—is rapidly decreasing, and alternative formatting, including HTML, is becoming increasingly common. A project at the author's library demonstrates that modern public catalogs are capable of sophisticated display without requiring HTML in the underlying records and that ultimately the consistency of the established formatting is probably better for display than HTML. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context.--Anatomic pathology slide unknown conferences are usually limited to a microscopic slide, slide images, or a virtual slide that is previewed prior to a conference. The answer is provided at a conference along with the ancillary studies, such as immunohistochemical or molecular studies, that enabled the diagnosis. In this rigid system the learner never gains experience with an appropriate workup for cases that will enable the definitive diagnosis. Objective.--To develop an interactive system in which the user can work through a difficult case, ordering stains and other special studies, ideally leading to more involvement and retention. Design.--An online system was developed using HTML, PHP Hypertext Preprocessor, and JavaScript for ordering and result display. When the user selects a study, an image or text result is displayed. Studies include immunohistochemistry, cytogenetics, flow cytometry, molecular, and radiology. The user then selects the diagnosis and, if correct, is shown some additional didactics. Results.--Unknown conferences were held at 3 institutions using this novel teaching method that allowed residents to work up unknown cases. Conferences are available online (http://www.drdoubleb.com/unknowns/) and include general, soft tissue, and hematopathology cases. Evaluations were obtained that showed that residents enjoyed the system, considered it better than standard unknown sessions and lectures, and wanted more sessions. Conclusions.--This system was very highly received by the residents in all programs, who enjoyed getting immediate results and being able to work through interesting cases. More widespread use of this system could make for an effective learning tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract When considering canceling a journal subscription, librarians often want to predict future demand for the journal. Predictions are often based on past usage, measured by COUNTER Journal Report 1, yet many factors prevent this report from reflecting true usage. One factor is the double-counting that occurs when an article is viewed in both PDF and HTML formats. This study investigated four variables that could affect ratios of HTML article views to PDF downloads at the publisher level: the presence of a PDF link on the publisher's table of contents page, the destination of links from article titles on this same page, the destination of sidebar links on a Google Scholar results screen, and links from article titles on the same screen. Using data on thirteen scholarly publishers, the author tested for correlations between the types of links offered and the ratio of HTML views to PDF downloads on each platform. Only title links in Google Scholar were found to have a significant correlation to HTML-to-PDF ratios, suggesting that platforms for which Google Scholar links directly to full-text could have elevated usage counts. The author explains how to calculate an adjustment factor to estimate true article views on these platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world is currently faced with a pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Several genome-wide and exome-wide studies (GWAS and EWAS) have been performed to identify the variability in the host genetic constitution that likely underlines the inter-individual variabilities in COVID-19 severity and clinical manifestation. Due to the magnitude of the articles available, creating a list of host-specific genetic variants and genes associated with COVID-19 can be both time-consuming and extremely challenging for COVID-19 researchers. To this end, the COVID-19 Host Genome database was built. This is currently the only dedicated, free-to-use database that deals solely with COVID-19 host-specific genetic variants and genes. HyperText Markup language (HTML), Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP), and My Structured Query Language (MySQL) server (version 5.7.38) were used to develop the website, storage, and extraction of the data. So far, 787 genetic variants from 63 previously published articles were collected. The tabular data are hyperlinked to the original articles and the users can download all data from the database. COVID-19 Host GenomeDB is being revised constantly every month, and can benefit the research community studying the genetic variants to improve COVID-19 treatment and prevention strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The project work entitled as Automatic html code generation from mock-up images using Machine Learning, basically, the main objective of this project is the design cycle for a web site starts with creating mock-ups for individual web pages either by hand or using graphic design and specialized mock-up creation tools. The mock-up is then converted into structured HTML or similar markup code by software engineers. This process is usually repeated many more times until the desired template is created. In this study, our aim is to automate the code generation process from hand-drawn mock-ups. As a first step of designing of website is start to build the mock-up images for the particular web pages by operated with the hands or using mockup developer tools. It is efficiently used for the developer to transferring web pages mock-up to the coding. It's generating the proposed system to creating the wireframe to the layout interfaces there are two techniques mostly used first is computer vision and second is deep systematic analysis. The automatic code generation is time reducing and cost effective. We have design structured an outline the design. Hand drawn mock-ups are processed using computer vision techniques and subsequently some deep learning methods are used to implement the proposed system. Objectives: In this Automatic html code generation from mock-up images using Machine Learning, main objective is to generate HTML code from hand drawn mock-up images using Machine Learning. Conclusions: Thus, the study Machine Learning helped to gain knowledge on both the theory and practical part. Every concept was clear and brought some interest for further learning. As stated earlier, the actual process of creation of web page takes more time and should meet the requirements, which makes developers exhausted. In order to avoid facing those circumstances, Automatic html code generation from mock-up images using Machine Learning is introduced which is great advantage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary EpiCompare combines a variety of downstream analysis tools to compare, quality control and benchmark different epigenomic datasets. The package requires minimal input from users, can be run with just one line of code and provides all results of the analysis in a single interactive HTML report. EpiCompare thus enables downstream analysis of multiple epigenomic datasets in a simple, effective and user-friendly manner. Availability and implementation EpiCompare is available on Bioconductor (≥ v3.15): https://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/EpiCompare.html ; all source code is publicly available via GitHub: https://github.com/neurogenomics/EpiCompare ; documentation website https://neurogenomics.github.io/EpiCompare ; and EpiCompare DockerHub repository: https://hub.docker.com/repository/docker/neurogenomicslab/epicompare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reviews the H5P open-source authoring tool/service for designing interactive educational tasks from Joubel.

Of our two primary textual formats, articles by far have received the most fiscal and technological support in recent decades. Meanwhile, our more traditional format, the book, seems in some ways to already be treated as a languishing symbol of the past. The development of OPACs and the abandonment of card catalogs in the 1980s and 1990s is the seminal evolution in print monograph access, but little else has changed. To help users locate books by call number and browse the collection by subject, animated subject maps were created. While the initial aim is a practical one, helping users to locate books and subjects, the subject maps also reveal the knowledge organization of the physical library, which it displays in a way that can be meaningful to faculty, students, and other community members. We can do more with current technologies to assist and enrich the experience of users searching and browsing for books. The subject map is presented as an example of how we can do more in this regard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mass spectrometry is an increasingly important tool for the global interrogation of diverse biomolecules. Unfortunately, the complexity of downstream data analysis is a major challenge for the routine use of these data by investigators from broader training backgrounds. Omics Notebook is an open-source framework for exploratory analysis, reporting and integrating multiomic data that are automated, reproducible and customizable. Built-in functions allow the processing of proteomic data from MaxQuant and metabolomic data from XCMS, along with other omics data in standardized input formats as specified in the documentation. In addition, the use of containerization manages R package installation requirements and is tailored for shared high-performance computing or cloud environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivation: Many bioinformatics resources are provided as ‘web services’, with large databases and analysis software stored on a central server, and clients interacting with them using the hypertext transport protocol (HTTP). While some provide only a visual HTML interface, requiring a web browser to use them, many provide programmatic access using a web application programming interface (API) which returns XML, JSON or plain text that computer programs can interpret more easily. This allows access to be automated. Initially, many bioinformatics APIs used the ‘simple object access protocol’ (SOAP) and, more recently, representational state transfer (REST). Results: GraphQL is a novel, increasingly prevalent alternative to REST and SOAP that represents the available data in the form of a graph to which any conceivable query can be submitted, and which is seeing increasing adoption in industry. Here, we review the principles of GraphQL, outline its particular suitability to the delivery of bioinformatics resources and describe its implementation in our ZincBind resource. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry became a mainstream method for quantitative proteomics, which made the validation of a method and the analyzed data important. In this portal for validation of the MRM-MS assay, we developed a website that automatically evaluates uploaded MRM-MS data, based on biomarker assay guidelines from the European Medicines Agency, the US Food & Drug Administration, and the Korea Food & Drug Administration. The portal reads a Skyline output file and produces the following results—calibration curve, specificity, sensitivity, carryover, precision, recovery, matrix effect, recovery, dilution integrity, stability, and QC—according to the standards of each independent agency. The final tables and figures that pertain to the 11 evaluation categories are displayed in an individual page. Spring boot was used as a framework for development of the webpage, which follows MVC Pattern. JSP, HTML, XML, and Java Script were used to develop the webpage. A server was composed of Apache Tomcat, MySQL. Input files were skyline-derived output files (csv file), and each files were organized by specific columns in order. SQL, JAVA were interworked to evaluate all the categories and show the results. Method Validation Portal can be accessed via any kind of explorer from https://pnbvalid.snu.ac.kr. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the trajectory of inline and block quotation over the period in which HTML has undergone standardisation, from the introduction of the blockquote element to the HTML 1.0 specification (1993) to the current HTML 5 standard. The focus of the study is the distinct difference between the web's current quotation practices and the legacy rule for short versus longer quotations as mandated by the body of academic style guides that began to emerge from the early 20th century. Working from a wide range of heterogeneous sources, the academic length-differentiated quotation rule is tracked from its inception, through its establishment as the academic norm in print, through its faithful remediation for digital workflows by the proximate antecedent of HTML, the leading SGML applications in text processing of the nineteen-eighties and early nineties. The consecutive hybridisation of block quotation with the text elements of the epigraph and the pullquote in the course of HTML's standardisation process is treated as a misremediation that needlessly abandons continuity and vitiates the academic legacy's virtues of clarity and coherence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With an abundance of library resources being served on the web, researchers are finding that disabled people oftentimes do not have the same level of access to materials as their nondisabled peers. This paper discusses web accessibility in the context of United States' federal laws most referenced in web accessibility lawsuits. Additionally, it reveals which states have statutes that mirror federal web accessibility guidelines and to what extent. Interestingly, fewer than half of the states have adopted statutes addressing web accessibility, and fewer than half of these reference Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act or Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 1.0. Regardless of sparse legislation surrounding web accessibility, librarians should consult the appropriate web accessibility resources to ensure that their specialized content reaches all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zoomify Image is a mature product for easily publishing large, high-resolution images on the Web. End users view these images with existing Web-browser software as quickly as they do normal, downsampled images. A Flash-based Zoomifyer client asynchronously streams image data to the Web browser as needed, resulting in response times approaching those of desktop applications using minimal bandwidth. The author, a librarian at Cornell University and the principal architect of a small, open-source company, worked closely with Zoomify to produce a cross-platform, open-source implementation of that company's image-processing software and discusses how to easily deploy the product into a widely used Web-publishing environment. Limitations are also discussed as are areas of improvement and alternatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Managing large amounts of static, traditional HTML pages can be difficult. Dynamic content generated by tools such as common gateway interface (CGI) scripts and databases is the best-known alternative to maintaining a vast amount of information in HTML format. There are numerous alternatives to CGI programming, but technologies and acronyms are bandied about so often that the task of selecting suitable tools becomes quite confusing. Anyone evaluating alternatives to pure HTML or CGI programming should take a close look at PHP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the processes and issues involved in building database-backed Web applications. Characteristics of a database-backed application; Necessity of designing the HTML forms to be used in implementing each interaction within the application; factors to be considered in selecting a machine and operating system to the run the database.

Focuses on issues of document description in HyperText Markup Language (HTML). Expression of document structure in the World Wide Web; Use of meta element for the embedded description of HTML documents; Details of the bibliographic characterization of objects.

Reports on the integration of the Guidon graphical interface from Online Computer Library Center Inc. into the World Wide Web. Features of the interface; Significance of HyperText Markup Language documents for the application of the Guidon software; Implication for the user.

Reviews Hyper Text Markup Language editing software. HotDog Professional 6.2 from Sausage Software; NoteTab Pro 4.83 from Fookes Software.

Presents a database-drive Web site solution for libraries. Inadequacies of hypertext markup document language; Difficulties in implementing the common gateway interface; Recommended software for library Web sites; Planning and implementation of the sites.

Dennis Cooper's latest project, a series of HTML novels composed entirely of GIFs, Zac's Haunted House published by Kiddiepunk, showcases the changing literary times and styles. As literature and the Internet become further integrated, our hermeneutical theory and praxis of style must change as well. The influence of the Internet upon the written word is irreversible and has ushered in paradigmatic change. The central question of classical hermeneutics, the relations between writing and the word, and the word to the event has become obfuscated in our digital age. Cooper's HTML novels explicitly play with questions of digital hermeneutics pushing the horizons and perhaps calling for a queer rhizomatic hermeneutics of style. Through his emphasis on structure over narrative, Cooper develops a phenomenology of the digital. Cooper's HTML novel forces the reader to engage in a rhizomatic hermeneutics of the imaginary, that is to say, one must allow the text to develop into multiplicities of worlds, then enter and explore those multiplicities with all the paradoxes and syntheses inherent in them. Cooper's new texts not only question the limits of reading, but also question our hermeneutical methodology and analyses, thus prompting reinterpretation of our understanding of style and its hermeneutical and rhizomatic conceptualizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When the Internet user keys a search term and clicks "enter", a series of snippets, images and html links will appear typically running into several web pages. In the case of Autocomplete suggestions, the result appearing on the bar changes with each keystroke even before the user clicks "enter". As a result, in the course of finding search results from the original search term, the user is constantly provided with suggestions of other search terms. The search results and Autocomplete suggestions may be defamatory of individuals and businesses by associating them with dishonest and improper activities or conduct. Should search engines be regarded as a publisher of such defamatory search results and/or Autocomplete suggestions? What is the appropriate legal approach for establishing search engine responsibility in such instances? The paper considers the above questions by reference to case precedents drawn primarily from common law jurisdictions and commentaries on the liability of search engines and other Internet intermediaries as well as policy rationales and considerations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key pointsStandards‐based annotation can be used anywhere on the web across HTML, PDF, EPUB, and data to make public, private, and group notes on top of the version of record.Publishers can host a branded and moderated annotation layer and determine whether they want it open to anyone or restricted to specific users.Annotations have unique persistent web addresses that make it possible to link to a paragraph, sentence, or word rather than a page‐level URL.Interoperable annotation will allow annotators using different annotation clients to interact with annotations made by others.Open annotation is already being used in peer review, in workflows, to indicate changes and updates, and to add context to content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whenever web-application executes dynamic SQL statements it may come under SQL injection attack. To evaluate the existing practices of its detection, we consider two different security scenarios for the web-application authentication that generates dynamic SQL query with the user input data. Accordingly, we generate two different datasets by considering all possible vulnerabilities in the run-time queries. We present proposed approach based on edit-distance to classify a dynamic SQL query as normal or malicious using web-profile prepared with the dynamic SQL queries during training phase. We evaluate the dataset using proposed approach and some well-known supervised classification approaches. Our proposed method is found more effective in detecting SQL injection attack under both the scenarios of authentication security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports the results of a data collection using four Internet search engines to collect data on Web objects in polymer chemistry. Examination of the objects in four categories, document information, use of meta fields, use of images, and use of chemical names; Description of data; Limitations of HTML; General findings; Discussion; Conclusion.

Discusses INFOMINE, a World Wide Web virtual library which provides indexing, annotations and links to Internet resources of scholarly uses to the academic community. Custom HTML (Hyper-text Markup Language) converter and database manager; Development by the Library of the University of California, Riverside.