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Hypertension is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and is associated with intestinal dysbiosis with a decrease in beneficial microbiota. Probiotics can positively modulate the impaired microbiota and impart benefits to the cardiovascular system. Among them, the emended Lactobacillus has stood out as a microorganism capable of reducing blood pressure, being the target of several studies focused on managing hypertension. This review aimed to present the potential of Lactobacillus as an antihypertensive non-pharmacological strategy. We will address preclinical and clinical studies that support this proposal and the mechanisms of action by which these microorganisms reduce blood pressure or prevent its elevation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted global disparities in accessing essential health products, demonstrating the critical need for low- and middle-income countries to develop local production and innovation capabilities. Approach The health economic-industrial complex approach changed the values that guided innovation and industrial policies in Brazil. The approach directed health production and innovation to universal access; the health ministry led a whole-of-government approach; and public procurement was strategically applied to stimulate productive public and private investments. The institutional, technological and productive capacities built up by the health economic-industrial complex allowed the country to quickly establish local COVID-19 vaccines production and guarantee access for the population. Local setting Brazil has a universal health system that guarantees access to health for its 215 million population. Relevant changes Public policies and actions, based on the health economic-industrial complex, guided investment projects in line with health demands, strengthened local producers, and increased autonomy in the production of health products in areas of greater technological dependence. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the country was able to rapidly scale up local vaccine production. By August 2021, Brazil had produced 74.8% (151 463 502/202 437 516) of the vaccine doses used in the country. Lessons learnt The Brazilian example shows that low- and middle-income countries can build systemic development policies that increase their capability to produce and innovate in concert with universal health systems. This increased capacity can guarantee access to health products and supplies that are critical during global health emergencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to verify the efficiency of an electrocoagulation reactor to generate low carbon hydrogen and treat textile effluent simultaneously. The electrolytic cell comprised a hermetically sealed polypropylene container containing 800 mL of effluent and a pair of immersed stainless steel 304 L electrodes powered by a photovoltaic solar panel (540 W). A gas chromatograph with a dielectric-barrier discharge ionization detector (GC-BID) measured the hydrogen gas produced. The efficiency of the textile effluent treatment was evaluated using the parameters of dissolved organic carbon, turbidity, pH, conductivity, and color. The electrical energy consumed by hydrogen generation and effluent treatment was also measured. The maximum concentration of hydrogen produced was 89.87% (v/v) with 898676.9 ppm. The process removed 100% of color, 92% of dissolved organic carbon, and 99.53% of turbidity. The electrical energy consumed for hydrogen generation ranged from 19.02 to 55.74 KW h/m3H 2. • Simultaneous electrolytic process of low carbon hydrogen generation and textile effluent treatment. • Hydrogen concentration values were obtained in the 475773.3 ppm (47.57 %) to 898676.9 ppm (89.87 %) range. • The process removed 100%, 99.53%, and 92% of color, turbidity, and dissolved organic carbon, respectively. • The energy per volume of hydrogen produced was 19.02–55.74 KW h/m3H 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the battle of the host against lentiviral pathogenesis, the immune response is crucial. However, several questions remain unanswered about the interaction with different viruses and their influence on disease progression. The simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infecting nonhuman primates (NHP) is widely used as a model for the study of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) both because they are evolutionarily linked and because they share physiological and anatomical similarities that are largely explored to understand the disease progression. The HIHISIV database was developed to support researchers to integrate and evaluate the large number of transcriptional data associated with the presence/absence of the pathogen (SIV or HIV) and the host response (NHP and human). The datasets are composed of microarray and RNA-Seq gene expression data that were selected, curated, analyzed, enriched, and stored in a relational database. Six query templates comprise the main data analysis functions and the resulting information can be downloaded. The HIHISIV database, available at https://hihisiv.github.io, provides accurate resources for browsing and visualizing results and for more robust analyses of pre-existing data in transcriptome repositories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the association between sociodemographic and obstetric factors and the health‐related quality of life of pregnant women in high‐risk prenatal care. Methods: A cross‐sectional study of women in high‐risk prenatal care in Ceara, Brazil. The investigated outcomes were health‐related quality of life, using the Medical Outcomes Study 36‐item short‐form health survey; the investigated covariates were sociodemographic and obstetric data. Associative analyses were performed using the Jamovi® software version 0.9. Results: Of the 276 women included in the study, women with the following characteristics presented a better quality of life in some domain of the scale: age equal to or greater than 35 years, higher income per dependent, religious, living with three or fewer persons, with their own home, in primigestation, nulliparous, with no history of previous abortion, and with up to two living children. The regression model showed an association between the total scale score, which means a higher quality of life in women with age equal to or greater than 35 years and a higher income per dependent. Conclusion: The study identified sociodemographic and obstetric factors that may affect the quality of life of high‐risk pregnant women, providing subsidies to health providers so that they can promote better prenatal care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychedelic drugs, such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), are psychoactive substances used in different sociocultural contexts and which, in recent decades, have gained special attention regarding the possibility of their use in the psychiatric treatment of some mental disorders. In this context, the objective of the present study was to review the scientific literature in order to elucidate the neurobiological mechanisms of action of psychoactive drugs and discuss their possible use as psychiatric therapy. To this end, a bibliographical search was carried out in the MEDLINE, LILACS and Embase databases. After selecting studies published between 2017 and 2023, five articles were included in the present review. The results of the work carried out indicate the involvement of psychedelic drugs in the release of serotonin and norepinephrine without toxic effects on the brain. Furthermore, the studies analyzed that evaluated the efficacy and safety of the use of LSD and other psychedelic studies showed promising results, with improved quality of life and disruptive symptoms, in addition to presenting some side effects. However, the proven samples are still small and some aspects, such as the dose to be used and the treatment time, have not yet been well elucidated. Therefore, the use of psychoactive drugs appears as a viable therapeutic proposal for some mental disorders, but it needs to be better investigated, with the analysis of more variables and an increase in the samples used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new educational models require professionals who interact with digital technology, not only with familiarity, but with the ability to apply these resources strategically and proactively. Reality demands a constant redefinition of educational practices and the digital skills of the School Manager appear as fundamental for the innovation, promotion, and efficiency of educational actions. The aim of this study is to investigate the definitions, professional contexts, and perspectives of the School Manager's relationship with digital technology. We start with the following question: how do the professional practices of School Managers, and the challenges they face, reflect the need to develop digital skills? The study is justified by advancing the discussion on the specific professional needs and practice of School Managers. To this end, a systematic review of the literature was carried out through the planning, conduction, and description stages of the study. National and international databases, Scopus, B-on and Capes Repository, were used to search for studies related to the topic. In short, all the studies analyzed confirmed the need and relevance of School Manager Digital Skills in the current educational situation, however, a significant conceptual gap is identified, as the texts do not detail which specific actions make up this set of skills. Additionally, the study showed needs and challenges related to the acquisition and application of these skills, such as the lack of national pedagogical models based on digital practices. The lack of public investment policies in structure and training for innovative school management aligned with contemporary demands was also highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endogenous Cushing's syndrome results from excess glucocorticoid secretion, which leads to a myriad of clinical manifestations, comorbidities, and increased mortality despite treatment. Molecular mechanisms and genetic alterations associated with different causes of Cushing's syndrome have been described in the last decade. Imaging modalities and biochemical testing have evolved; however, both the diagnosis and management of Cushing's syndrome remain challenging. Surgery is the preferred treatment for all causes, but medical therapy has markedly advanced, with new drug options becoming available. Nevertheless, several comorbidities remain even after patient remission, which can affect quality of life. Accurate and timely diagnosis and treatment are essential for mitigating chronic complications of excess glucocorticoids and improving patient quality of life. In this Seminar, we aim to update several important aspects of diagnosis, complications, and treatment of endogenous Cushing's syndrome of all causes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wire + arc additive manufacturing has become a production technology that allows to produce large-sized parts, and components used in heavy-duty industries, spanning from marine to aerospace applications, with high mechanical performance. For additive manufacturing and repair of 316L stainless steel components, heat input control and phase structure evolution are key factors which guide further applications of this material. This can be attained by parameter optimization of the pulsed gas metal arc welding, which can provide control over the aforementioned features of depositions and also regulate metal transfer, reduce spatter generation, and offer structural stability. Through an experimental full-factorial design, this work investigates the processing effects of arc frequency, traverse speed, and wire feed speed on ferrite number and geometric characteristics of multi-layered 316LSi build-ups fabricated using wire + arc additive manufacturing via non-synergic operation of pulsed-gas metal arc welding. The fabrication process was conducted following alternating and successive depositions. It was found that increasing arc frequency negatively impacts ferrite number and height/width ratio, whereas greater values of wire feed speed and traverse speed positively affect both responses. This work also appraises that geometric integrity evaluation should be conducted not only by considering the height/width ratio but also through visualization of deposition process' stability, as well as verifying the occurrence of spatter and of other discontinuities. The response optimization process was also carried out to manufacture a 74-layer stable wall of nearly 4.12 kg of deposited material, confirming that the optimized condition is appropriate to produce large-sized 316LSi structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ozone therapy (OT), a medical procedure, has been showing good results during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). We aimed to build an evidence and gaps map (EGM) of OT in the COVID-19 ranking the articles found according to levels of evidence and outcomes. The EGM brings bubbles of different sizes and different colors according to the articles. The OT intervention used was major or minor autohemotherapy, rectal insufflation and ozonized saline solution. EGM was based on 13 clinical studies using OT for COVID-19 involving a total of 271 patients. We found 30 outcomes related to OT in COVID-19. Our EGM divided the outcomes into six groups: 1-clinical improvement; 2-hospitalization; 3-inflammatory, thromboembolic, infectious, or metabolic markers; 4-radiological aspects, 5-viral infection and 6-adverse events. Major autohemotherapy was present in 19 outcomes, followed by rectal insufflation. Improvement in clinical symptoms of COVID-19, improvement of respiratory function, improvement of oxygen saturation, reduction in hospital internment, decrease in C-reactive protein, decrease in ferritin, decrease in lactate dehydrogenase, decrease in interleukin 6, decrease in D-dimer, radiological improvement of lung lesions and absence of reported adverse events were related in the papers. The most commonly used concentrations of OT in major autohemotherapy and in rectal insufflation were 40 µg/mL and 35 µg/mL, respectively. Here, we bring the first EGM showing the efficacy and safety of OT in the treatment of COVID-19. OT can be used as integrative medical therapy in COVID-19 at a low cost and improve the health conditions of the patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The greater rhea, Rhea americana, is a wild ratite of high scientific importance and significant and zootechnical value, especially considering the current development state of Brazilian poultry production, where research aimed at increasing the productivity of these animals has become extremely relevant. Studies concerning fetal attachments and embryonic development are paramount, as they can provide essential information concerning reproductive and nutritional animal management. However, a lack of information on greater rhea fetal morphology is noted. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to establish a standard model for fetal attachments in this species. Greater rhea eggs were incubated from 0 to 36 days, and macroscopic and microscopic embryonic attachment characterizations were performed. Histologically, all embryonic annexes exhibit germ layers, namely the ectoderm (outer layer), mesoderm (middle layer) and endoderm (inner layer). The findings indicate that greater rhea development patterns are similar to other birds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tidal rivers are peculiar, yet vastly unknown. These rivers are characterized by dynamic tides without saline intrusion. This unusual environmental configuration should affect the biological communities present in these habitats. Therefore, our main goal was to identify the temporal patterns of the zooplankton communities in tidal rivers and the influence of the environment on these patterns. We applied an approach that investigates the local diversity and turnover of species (i.e., alpha and temporal beta diversities, respectively) to disentangle the temporal dynamics of individual taxonomic groups at tidal rivers. Our findings evidenced that periods of high diversity are always followed by periods of low diversity. We suggest that the temporal variation in the resources exploited by zooplankton, specifically algal biomass, is the major factor driving this temporal pattern. Periods of high rainfall led to species homogenization, whereas periods of high insolation and wind speed (i.e., dry periods) led to heterogenization. Moreover, we evidenced that protozoa was the group with the highest alpha diversity, and its species turnover was constrained by seasonality in a similar way to that of rotifers, with both groups undergoing homogenization during rainy periods. Here, we describe the zooplankton community dynamics in tidal rivers over time, which is a scale often disregarded in ecological studies, and suggest that future research should consider temporal variation associated with extensive spatial replication to disentangle ecological patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mapping the chemical space of compounds to chemical structures remains a challenge in metabolomics. Despite the advancements in untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS) to achieve a high-throughput profile of metabolites from complex biological resources, only a small fraction of these metabolites can be annotated with confidence. Many novel computational methods and tools have been developed to enable chemical structure annotation to known and unknown compounds such as in silico generated spectra and molecular networking. Here, we present an automated and reproducible Metabolome Annotation Workflow (MAW) for untargeted metabolomics data to further facilitate and automate the complex annotation by combining tandem mass spectrometry (MS2) input data pre-processing, spectral and compound database matching with computational classification, and in silico annotation. MAW takes the LC-MS2 spectra as input and generates a list of putative candidates from spectral and compound databases. The databases are integrated via the R package Spectra and the metabolite annotation tool SIRIUS as part of the R segment of the workflow (MAW-R). The final candidate selection is performed using the cheminformatics tool RDKit in the Python segment (MAW-Py). Furthermore, each feature is assigned a chemical structure and can be imported to a chemical structure similarity network. MAW is following the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) principles and has been made available as the docker images, maw-r and maw-py. The source code and documentation are available on GitHub (https://github.com/zmahnoor14/MAW). The performance of MAW is evaluated on two case studies. MAW can improve candidate ranking by integrating spectral databases with annotation tools like SIRIUS which contributes to an efficient candidate selection procedure. The results from MAW are also reproducible and traceable, compliant with the FAIR guidelines. Taken together, MAW could greatly facilitate automated metabolite characterization in diverse fields such as clinical metabolomics and natural product discovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conflicting sustainability dimensions are considered in a multi-objective formulation, focusing on the capacitated location routing problem (CLRP). The proposed sustainable version (S-CLRP) addresses the location of facilities, the routing of vehicles, the balance of the working load among drivers, and the environmental impact of operations due to the emission of greenhouse gases. In this work, both a mixed integer linear programming model solved using the goal attainment method and an approximated method based on iterated local search (ILS) and decomposition (ILS/D) are proposed. The results show the generation of non-dominated fronts with adequate dispersion and convergence characteristics with which supply-chain decision-makers can evaluate the impact of their decisions on the financial, environmental and social dimensions of their operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, we investigated the effects of physical exercise in the presence of Vitamin D3 (VD3), on 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned hemiparkinsonian rats. The animals were divided into sham-operated (SO), 6-OHDA-lesioned, and 6-OHDA-lesioned plus VD3 (1 µg/kg, 21 days), in the absence (no exercise, NE) and presence (with exercise, WE) of physical exercise on a treadmill (30 min, speed of 20 cm/s, once a day/21 days). This procedure started, 24 h after the stereotaxic surgery (injections of 6-OHDA into the right striatum). The animals were then subjected to behavioral (rotarod, open field, and apomorphine tests) and their brain areas were dissected for neurochemical, dopamine (DA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) determinations, and immunohistochemical studies for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine transporter (DAT), and vitamin D receptor (VD3R). The effects on the brain oxidative stress: nitrite/nitrate, glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) measurements were also evaluated. Behavioral changes of the 6-OHDA lesioned group were improved by exercise plus VD3. Similar results were observed in dopamine (DA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) concentrations increased by exercise and VD3, compared with SO groups. Additionally, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine transporter (DAT) immunoexpressions were decreased in the 6-OHDA-lesioned groups, with values normalized after exercise and VD3. The VD3 receptor immunoexpression decreased in the 6-OHDA (NE) group, and this was attenuated by exercise, especially after VD3. While 6-OHDA lesions increased, VD3 supplementation decreased the oxidative stress, which was intensified by exercise. VD3 showed neuroprotective properties that were intensified by physical exercise. These VD3 actions on hemiparkinsonian rats are possibly related to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop and apply an online questionnaire to assess knowledge in Refractive Surgery in the analyzed population. Methods: An online questionnaire was applied to a population composed of 840 volunteer participants over 18 years of age. Results: The mean age of population was 37.85 years, of whom 60.1% were female. 20.95% of the participants reported having undergone previous eye surgery, 73.86% of which had a refractive objective. Among these, 73.08% were satisfied / very satisfied with the result. The most important criterion when choosing a refractive surgeon was the indication by a friend who underwent the procedure (43.81%). It is noteworthy that the participants who underwent refractive surgery disagreed more than the other people that “the surgery is a simple and risk-free procedure” (p = 0.0045) and that “the main objective of the surgery is to “zero” the diopter” (p = 0.0252). Conclusion: It is essential to improve population’s preoperative knowledge about Refractive Surgery, as well as continuing education for ophthalmologists. Therefore, this study encourages the development of new education tools with clear and easily accessible information, which should be informative, and not convincing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is primarily a disease in which late diagnosis is linked to poor prognosis, and unfortunately, detection and management are still challenging. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are a potential resource to address this disease. Cell fusion, an event discovered recently in CTCs expressing carcinoma and leukocyte markers, occurs when ≥2 cells become a single entity (hybrid cell) after the merging of their plasma membranes. Cell fusion is still poorly understood despite continuous evaluations in in vitro/in vivo studies. Blood samples from 14 patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil) were collected with the aim to analyze the CTCs/hybrid cells and their correlation to clinical outcome. The EDTA collected blood (6 mL) from patients was used to isolate/identify CTCs/hybrid cells by ISET. We used markers with possible correlation with the phenomenon of cell fusion, such as MC1-R, EpCAM and CD45, as well as CEN8 expression by CISH analysis. Samples were collected at three timepoints: baseline, after one month (first follow-up) and after three months (second follow-up) of treatment with olaparib (total sample = 38). Fourteen patients were included and in baseline and first follow-up all patients showed at least one CTC. We found expression of MC1-R, EpCAM and CD45 in cells (hybrid) in at least one of the collection moments. Membrane staining with CD45 was found in CTCs from the other cohort, from the other center, evaluated by the CellSearch® system. The presence of circulating tumor microemboli (CTM) in the first follow-up was associated with a poor recurrence-free survival (RFS) (5.2 vs. 12.2 months; p = 0.005). The MC1-R expression in CTM in the first and second follow-ups was associated with a shorter RFS (p = 0.005). CEN8 expression in CTCs was also related to shorter RFS (p = 0.035). Our study identified a high prevalence of CTCs in ovarian cancer patients, as well as hybrid cells. Both cell subtypes demonstrate utility in prognosis and in the assessment of response to treatment. In addition, the expression of MC1-R and EpCAM in hybrid cells brings new perspectives as a possible marker for this phenomenon in ovarian cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Resin Composite has been widely used for its restorative properties. However, when exposed to water, the resin material undergoes different chemical and physical mechanisms, such as water sorption and solubility. These effects can produce volumetric and physical changes, altering the material's characteristics. Objective: To discuss the clinical consequences of the sorption and solubility phenomena in composite resin. Materials and Methods: A literature review was performed using scientific articles published in recent years on electronic databases such as PubMED/Medline, Lilacs, and Scielo. Results and Discussion: Resin composites are not stable, as they constantly interact with the oral environment. Their main interaction is with water, which diffuses into the matrix. Resin Composites that contain, in addition to BIS-GMA, a high concentration of TEGDMA, tend to absorb more water due to the hydrophilic ether bonds present in these composites. Thus, a series of deleterious effects can occur. Conclusion: Volumetric expansion, leaching, hydrolytic degradation, and color instability are the main consequences of Resin Composite sorption and solubility. These phenomena cause dimensional changes and a decrease in mechanical properties, which have a major impact on the longevity of Resin Composite restorations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, there has been an exploration of innovative electric grid concepts centered around power routers, devices capable of controlling power flows as desired. One of which is the Power Router Grid, a novel high-controllable network design fully based on power routers. Its ability to arbitrarily change power flows inside controllable lines raises the challenge of determining the optimal operation within such systems. This paper aims to push further the analysis of the operation and benefits of such networks by proposing a novel optimization model tailored for power router grids based on the most recent literature for the convexification of optimal power flows. Moreover, it demonstrated that radial-based models can be expanded for grids meshed through power routers. The model presented is also convex in the form of a second-order cone, ensuring a global optimum for diverse grid configurations. It has been implemented in Python using the PYOMO modeling language and applied to three case studies investigating the effects of power router operation modes on the grid's optimal operation and associated costs. Results show that the definition of the power router grid design and the ports operation mode must be carefully decided when demand uncertainty of over 25% is taken into consideration. Moreover, controlling power flow near lines of higher impedance can lead up to a 21% increase in line losses. • A novel and linearized optimal power flow model for electric grids based on power routers. • Application of second-order cone convexification for grids meshed through power routers. • Analysis of the effects of the layout and power controllability in line losses inside the power router grid. • Implementation of the optimization model in pyomo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many researches on academic genres have emphasized the theoretical perspective of disciplinary cultures, seeking to understand how the different areas behave in relation to the conception, use and consumption of the genres that are part of interactions in the academy. However, it is a fact that many of these studies did not establish defining parameters for the constituent elements of a disciplinary culture, that is, they did not make clear the elements that build this concept. Thus, in this article, we aim to present conceptual propositions on the axes that gravitate around the dimension of disciplinary cultures, explaining what is the meaning of epistemic beliefs, disciplinary practices, socio-rhetorical practices and disciplinary communities, essential terms for a more palpable taxonomy of disciplinary cultures. From the dialogue with the theoretical assumptions proposed by Becher (1981, 1987, 2001 [1989]) and Hyland (2000, 2009), we launched, at the end of this work, a conceptual proposition on disciplinary cultures from the perspective of genre analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this article is to study compact quasi‐Einstein manifolds with boundary. We provide boundary estimates for compact quasi‐Einstein manifolds similar to previous results obtained for static and V‐static spaces. In addition, we show that compact quasi‐Einstein manifolds with connected boundary and satisfying a suitable pinching condition must be isometric, up to scaling, to the standard hemisphere S+n$\mathbb {S}_{+}^{n}$. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The change in tooth color is one of the main aspects that corroborate the disharmony of the smile. In situations of non-vital teeth that suffer from darkening, internal tooth whitening has been considered a conservative treatment option and can be carried out through different techniques (mediate, immediate, and mixed). In any of these techniques, it is necessary to make a cervical tampon before the application of the bleaching agent. Objective: To review the literature regarding internal whitening, the main techniques used in this process, the importance of the cervical plug for the prevention of damage to the tooth, and the execution of safe and effective treatment. Methodology: A search was performed in the electronic databases PubMed, ScienceDirect, LILACS, and SciELO, analyzing publications from 2010 to 2020. Results: The mediated technique consists of one of the most used and indicated; the immediate, in the thermocatalytic configuration, has fallen in disuse due to the contraindication of the use of heat. The mixed technique, which is the combination of the two others, can potentiate the whitening result. In all of them, a cervical plug is necessary to avoid the extravasation of the whitening material by the dentinal tubules, preventing external cervical resorption, which is the main risk of internal whitening. Conclusion: Literature suggests all three techniques can be performed if correctly executed, following measures such as the non-application of heat and the execution of the buffer, adapting to the needs of the patient to choose the most suitable technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: the lip lift consists of surgically removing a portion of the upper lip when it is characterized as long, flat, with no definition of the filter columns, and with a reduction in the vermilion border, which happens in parallel with advancing age. Therefore, surgeons have created several techniques to provide the patient with a younger and more attractive lip. Objectives: explain the dimensions and characteristics of the lips, the indications for lip lifting, and some surgical techniques. Method: a survey was carried out in the scientific literature on the PubMed/Medline databases. The inclusion criterion adopted was articles with the full text of the study and clarity in the methodological details used. Also, a book was added to complement necessary information. The descriptors to select articles were lip lifting, lip morphology, and ideal lips. Results: aged lips tend to lose their sensuality with the lengthening of the white lip, the loss of definitions, thinning of the red lip, and the appearance of wrinkles, which demand searches for techniques that help soften these conditions and improve the patient's self-esteem. Conclusion: to achieve satisfactory results with this technique, the professional needs to master the knowledge about the dimensions of the lower third of the face according to age, sex, and race. Also, the professional needs to master the most effective surgical techniques and the indications according to the patient's individuality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Every day, dentistry demonstrates great advances in techniques and materials applied to preserve the tooth structure. In this sense, fiberglass posts (FGPs) attract attention as an alternative to intraradicular posts for the rehabilitation of endodontically treated teeth with structural losses greater than 50%. Objective: Review the literature on aesthetic fiberglass posts, emphasizing their general aspects, properties, and biomechanical considerations. Material and Methods: A literature review of studies published in the last 21 years (2000-2021) through a search on the databases: PubMED / Medline, Scielo (Scientific Electronic Library), and Google Academic. The following descriptors were used: Tooth, Nonvital, Dental Pins, and Post and Core Technique. After careful filtering, 30 articles were selected for inclusion in the study, in addition to 10 books considered relevant to this review. Results: The FGPs demonstrate excellent aesthetic properties, easiness of execution and low cost, biocompatibility with dental and periradicular tissues, in addition to advantageous biomechanical characteristics, which result in the transmission of less stress to the tooth structure, reducing the probability of fractures. Conclusion: The numerous advantages and excellent biomechanical behavior of these pins explain their prominence concerning other intraradicular retainers, which, when properly indicated, are the first option for the rehabilitation of endodontically treated teeth with extensive coronary loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fish consumption is an indicator of human exposure to personal care products (PCP) such as tonalide (AHTN) and benzophenone 3 (BP3). Although most fish consumed is cooked, the impact of cooking procedures on PCP levels is difficult to evaluate. Hence, the aim of this work was to provide thorough information on the stability and bioaccessibility of AHTN and BP3 upon cooking and in vitro digestion. A green tea (Camellia sinensis) marinade, rich in polyphenol, was used as mitigating strategy to reduce these contaminants. Roasting and frying reduced AHTN and BP3 levels in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) spiked samples. Additionally, the green tea marinade promoted a reduction of up to 47% AHTN and 35% BP3. Bioaccessibility of AHTN was higher (up to 45%), and increased with the use of green tea marinades. BP3 showed a bioaccessibility below 19% in all cooked samples. Overall, a decrease in PCP levels was observed after cooking; this decrease was even more pronounced when marination was previously used. However, this decrease is cancelled out by the fact that the bioaccessible fraction of the contaminants increases in an inverse way; therefore, none of these processes can be considered a mitigating alternative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the influence of the plant part (peel and pulp) on the phenolic compounds, antioxidant activities, and principal component analysis (PCA) of five cactus fruits from the Caatinga, an exclusively Brazilian biome. All species evaluated presented a high total phenolic content (TPC), mainly in their peels. The antioxidant potentials were measured using in vitro assays (2–2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil radical (DPPH·), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and β-carotene-linoleic acid assay). The results showed significant differences among the species and among the fruit parts. Pilosocereus gounellei species peel showed the best antioxidant activity both for DPPH and FRAP. However, moderate inhibiting action was found for β-carotene-linoleic acid assay. The species were characterized by the predominance of benzoic acid derivatives bearing a phenol group (salicylic, hydroxybenzoic, and protocatechuic acids), as well as flavonoids (catechin, myricetin and quercetin). Using PCA, it was possible to group the extracts of the cactus peels and pulps to evaluate the relationships between the samples. In most of the cases, the peel represented the main source of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. Therefore, the peel of the cacti can be an important by-product for the extraction of antioxidants for industrial purposes. [Display omitted] • Pilosocereus gounellei is an excellent source of natural antioxidants. • The phenolic profile of the fruits of five species of cacti have been described. • The phenol acids and flavonoids are predominant in cacti species. • The peels of cacti species contained highest antioxidant activities. • The phytochemicals of Cactaceae fruit were chemometrically determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of perceived quality, preference, cultural identity, consumer engagement and purchasing attitude on the satisfaction of consumers of craft beers was analyzed. A survey was used, applied to 400 respondents. The structural equation modeling technique based on Partial Least Squares (PLS) was used. It was noted that perceived quality, preference, cultural identity, consumer engagement and purchasing attitude positively influence satisfaction. This study contributes to an understanding of consumer behavior for products with cultural identity appeal, as well as in supporting organizational management for the formulation of business strategies related to the consumption of local products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The order Odonata (Insecta) is composed of aquatic insects popularly known as dragonflies and damselflies. Members of this order are closely linked to the conservation status of their habitats; however, the Wallacean shortfall in some regions still remains high. The Volta Grande do Xingu region is known to have high endemism of some groups, such as Actinopterygii (fish), which can be applied to other groups that do not yet have their fauna known at the site, such as the order Odonata. The Wallacean shortfall and constant anthropic changes (for example, the construction of the Belo Monte Hydroelectric) have been obstacles in the preservation of these and other groups. In that regard, the main aim of this paper is to provide a checklist of Odonata (Insecta) adult species from the streams of Volta Grande do Xingu, Pará, Brazil. The collections were carried out in 19 streams in the Volta Grande do Xingu region in September 2019, corresponding to the drought period. A total of 526 specimens were collected, where two suborders, six families, 26 genera and 43 species were identified. Three species of Odonata were registered for the first time in the state of Pará: Erythrodiplax famula (Erichson in Schomburgk, 1848); Acanthagrion chacoense Calvert, 1909 and Epipleoneura lamina Williamson, 1915. These data allow us to help increase the knowledge of Odonata fauna in the streams of Volta Grande do Xingu, a region that is under intense anthropic pressure. This helps to reduce the Wallacean shortfall, with another area sampled for the state of Pará. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the hemodynamic responses, especially HPE following different resistance exercises RE protocols in young adult subjects. Methods: Eighty-nine men (28.0 ± 3.4 years, 82.0 ± 5.4 kg, and 26.4 ± 2.1 kg/m2) participated in the present study and were randomly allocated into six groups as follows: (a) control group (n = 12), (b) circuit group (n = 19), (c) 50% Group (n = 12), (d) 70% Group (n = 14), (e) 80% Group (n = 13), and (f) 90% Group (n = 19). Blood pressure and heart rate were measured in 7 different times: rest, 1, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 120 min after the RE section. Results were considered significant at P < 0.05. Results: Different RE protocols with the same total volume elicit different hemodynamic responses. Interestingly, all groups, except for the 90% group presented systolic blood pressure (SBP) SBP area under the curve to be significantly lower than control. In addition, all RE groups, except for the 90% group, elicited a reduction of SBP from 60 to 120 min after exercise compared with pre-exercise values. Conclusion: Our findings suggest RE as an optimal tool for the control of blood pressure (BP), as it promotes a post-exercise hypotension. In addition, different protocols of RE lead to different BP response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Tooth whitening is one of the most widely performed aesthetic procedures in the world. To ensure its stability and longevity, many authors advocate establishing a white diet during and right after treatment. Objective: To carry out a bibliographic review about the influence of dye ingestion related to the teeth color stability during and after tooth whitening. Material and Methods: A literature review of the studies published in the last 16 years (2003-2019) was carried out by a search on the databases: PubMed / Medline, Scielo (Scientific Electronic Library), and Google Scholar. For the search, the following descriptors were used: tooth whitening, tooth staining, and dye diet. After careful filtering, 27 articles and 1 book were selected to be included in the study. Results: The white diet is often indicated during and shortly after whitening treatment due to the susceptibility of staining the tooth structure caused by the superficial and transient demineralization of the whitening gels, which makes the pigments from the diet easily incorporated into the tooth structure. Conclusion: There is no sufficient evidence in the literature to indicate that dye ingestion during and after whitening treatment compromise the color stability of the tooth structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: With the advancement of dentistry and dental materials, composite resins have been widely used in different varieties of restorations, whether direct or indirect, due to their aesthetic properties. However, some calculated factors contribute to the failure of composite resins over time, including wear. Objective: This literature review aims to discuss the main wear factors of composite resin and its consequences. Methodology: This is a review of narrative literature carried out through a bibliographic survey of 53 scientific articles published between 2010 and 2021. The following national and international electronic databases were used: PubMed, SciELO, and Academic Google. Results: Loss of gloss, staining, marginal infiltration, recurrent caries, and wear (adhesive wear, abrasive wear, fatigue wear, and corrosive wear) are the main factors that contribute to the failure of composite resins over time. Conclusion: The wear mechanisms are of a physical and/or chemical nature: adhesive wear, friction wear, abrasive wear, fatigue wear, and corrosive wear, as well as finishing and polishing procedures, and parafunctional habits imply the gradual loss of the composite resin and, consequently, generate biofilm accumulation, gradual impairment of function and esthetics, reduction in hardness, and resistance to flexion, which together result in a decrease in the clinical durability of the restorations, generating the need for restoration and/or replacement over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2) and leukotriene B 4 (LTB 4) are eicosanoids involved in modulation of the antiviral immune response. Recent studies have identified increased levels of several eicosanoids in the plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage of patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This study investigated correlations between plasma levels of PGE 2 and LTB 4 and clinical severity of COVID-19. This cross-sectional study involved non-infected (n = 10) individuals and COVID-19 patients classified as cured (n = 13), oligosymptomatic (n = 29), severe (n = 15) or deceased (n = 11). Levels of D-dimer a, known COVID-19 severity marker, PGE 2 and LTB 4 were measured by ELISAs and data were analysed with respect to viral load. PGE 2 plasma levels were decreased in COVID-19 patients compared to the non-infected group. Changes in PGE 2 and LTB 4 levels did not correlate with any particular clinical presentations of COVID-19. However, LTB 4 was related to decreased SARS-CoV-2 burden in patients, suggesting that only LTB 4 is associated with control of viral load. Our data indicate that PGE 2 /LTB 4 plasma levels are not associated with COVID-19 clinical severity. Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 are treated with corticosteroids, which may influence the observed eicosanoid imbalance. Additional analyses are required to fully understand the participation of PGE 2 receptors in the pathophysiology of COVID-19. • LTB 4 is negatively associated with viral load during COVID-19. • PGE 2 is reduced in symptomatic patients with COVID-19. • PGE 2 and Leukotriene B 4 are not associated with COVID-19 severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper aims at analyzing the training of field teachers in the context of the Degree Course in Rural Education (LEDOC) at the Dom Aureliano Matos Faculty of Philosophy (FAFIDAM), campus of the Ceará State University. It is a qualitative study and based on doctoral research which examines historical-dialectical materialism within a bibliographic and documentary investigation. It was possible to observe that the LEDOC/FAFIDAM contributed to the confrontation of the educational problems experienced by the peasant populations strengthening the political pedagogical project of the Rural Schools in several regions of the State of Ceará. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The removal of pulp tissue followed by the restoration of the root canal with inert synthetic material is usually a routine procedure in clinical practice for endodontic therapy; however, these materials do not replace the biological function, the vitality, and mechanical properties of the original tissue. In this context, the possibility of inducing the regeneration of the dentin-pulp complex by using stem cells of dental origin has been increasingly studied, and the expectation is to generate the return of the pulp vitality and its repair capacity. Objective: To carry out a literature review to investigate the triad comprised by stem cells, growth factors, and framework to analyze its applicability in endodontic regeneration. Materials and methods: A bibliographic review of studies published in the last 5 years (2015-2020) was carried out by searching the databases: PubMed / Medline. he following descriptors were used: Stem cells, Endodontics, and Endodontic regeneration. After a careful filtering, 25 articles were selected. Literature review: Research involving tissue engineering with the use of stem cells has supported regenerative therapy of dental tissues, such as the dentin-pulp complex. For the complete structural and functional restoration of the tooth, a set of elements are needed: stem cells; growth/differentiation factors or cytokines; migration/homing factors, and the microenvironment: scaffold and extracellular matrix. Conclusion: The regeneration of the dentin-pulp complex through tissue engineering based on growth factors and frameworks is a promising approach to replace damaged dental structures and restore their biological functions. However, since it is a new approach, studies on this subject are still incipient and more scientific basis is necessary to prove its effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Dental tissues are an accessible source of mesenchymal stem cells that can be useful for the treatment of various clinical diseases. Thus, the interest and the need to ensure an efficient way to preserve stem cells of dental origin for future applications led to the development of cryopreservation methods, a technique by which low temperatures are applied to reverse, in a reversible and controlled manner, biological functions of living cells and tissues. Objective: To perform a literature review about the cryopreservation of stem cells of dental origin, emphasizing characteristics, principles, existing protocols, and effects of this method on the biological properties of these cells. Methodology: This study consisted of a literature review based on information from 54 scientific articles published between 2005 and 2019 and consulted in online databases (PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar), using the following descriptors: Cryopreservation, Dental stem cells, and Dental cryopreservation. Results: Stem cells of dental origin seem to maintain their biological characteristics, such as viability rate, cell proliferation, and ample capacity for differentiation even after cryopreservation. Also, magnetic cryopreservation presents itself as a promising protocol for the conservation of dental stem cells. Conclusion: Cryopreservation is an effective technique for the long-term storage of stem cells derived from dental tissues. However, additional studies should be carried out to develop more standardized and safer cryopreservation protocols that do not affect the biological properties of dental stem cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus includes a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia, resulting from defects in insulin secretion and/or its action. It is a pathology of importance for the systemic and general health of patients, and it should be especially considered in dental planning and treatment. Objectives: This study aimed to address DM, supporting etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical aspects, as well as its complications, which may occur during dental treatment. Methods: This study was characterized by a bibliographic search in the electronic databases PubMED / Medline, Lilacs, Scielo and Scopus, limited to the period from 2005 to 2020. The descriptors used were diabetes mellitus, dental care, and oral manifestations. Results obtained: DM consists of a group of metabolic diseases characterized by an excessive increase in serum glucose. There are three types of diabetes: type 1 (approximately 5% of cases), type 2 (90-95% of cases) and gestational. The diabetic patient may more frequently present some oral manifestations such as periodontal diseases, halitosis, salivary dysfunctions, fungal infections, and bacterial infections. In addition, during dental care it may be necessary to make some adjustments to the clinical protocols used in these patients. Conclusion: It is important to encourage patients with DM to regularly visit the dental surgeon (DS), so that they are guided and receive instructions on oral health and its relationship with systemic diseases. In some cases, referral to medical care may be necessary before treatment begins, except in cases of dental urgency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Sealants are considered a minimally invasive therapeutic option in the treatment of carious lesions limited to the outer half of the dentin. In this technique, the decayed tissue is kept covered with a sealant, promoting the paralysis of the lesion. Objective: to analyze the use of sealants in the treatment of caries lesions, their effectiveness, what type of material is most ideal for this purpose and observe whether this therapy is the most suitable for treating carious lesions already cavitated. Methods: a literature review was carried out through scientific articles published in the last five years (2015-2020) submitted to electronic databases, such as PubMED /Medline, Lilacs and BBO. Results and discussion: the use of sealants, in the past, was only aimed at prevention; however there was a progression in this understanding, being used in the treatment of carious lesions that present occlusal microcavities of up to three millimeters of surface integrity loss. In this research, all the studies described stated that this technique is effective in paralyzing the carious process, being indicated, mainly, for children, because it reduces the clinical time and generates less anxiety. Regarding the type of sealant most suitable for this purpose, the scientific evidence is still inconclusive. Conclusion: the use of sealants is an efficient method to interrupt the carious lesion; however, it depends on the adequate retention of the material and on the patient's collaboration in continuing the follow-up by the professional. In addition, it is necessary to carry out more careful studies that compare the types of sealants and indicate the most appropriate option to obtain the best sealing of cavitated lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This work aims to review literature concerning different techniques by which dental whitening procedure is performed in the dental office to contribute to an update in the knowledge of professionals. Materials and Methods: To compose the work, a bibliographic search of both national and international studies published in recent years was carried out based on data published on PubMED, Scielo (Scientific Electronic Library), and Google Scholar. The following descriptors were used: Dental Whitening, Dental Office, Methods, Protocols. Results: Studies show that in-office tooth whitening produces satisfactory results when bleaching with hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide are used at high temperatures. The application of the gel whitener in the office can be performed with a single, uninterrupted application, for the time recommended by the manufacturer, allowing the professional to save time with the whitening procedure. In addition, a low percentage of tooth sensitivity was noticed after bleaching performed in the office. When reviewing some associated studies of tooth whitening using light to produce a better white tooth result, it was observed that the application of light to increase the reaction speed of the bleaching agents only showed to decrease the clinical time of the procedure. Conclusion: Dental whitening performed in the office is a common practice for dentists. However, it is important to update techniques and protocols used in the search for improvements in the procedure, offering greater comfort and better quality in the aesthetics of the teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Dental pigmentation is caused by several factors that affect the patient's aesthetics and self-esteem. The search for an aesthetically perfect smile has led to a greater demand for bleaching procedures, in which different techniques, types, and concentrations of bleaching agents can be used to do an effective treatment. Objective: to verify, through a literature review, the application, permission, and effects related to different home tooth whitening protocols. Methodology: A literature review was carried out by searching the PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO, and Google Scholar databases, using the following descriptors: "tooth whitening" OR "supervised tooth whitening" AND "clinical protocol". Only experimental studies, which were published in the last five years, were included. There were no language restrictions. Results: Hydrogen peroxide (PH) and carbamide peroxide (PC) are efficient when administered in 4% to 16% with applications that can vary from 7 to 14 days. The PH application time is 1 to 4 hours and the PC is 4 to 8 hours. Gels with smaller concentrations cause less tooth sensitivity and gingival irritation; however, the treatment time is usually prolonged. Conclusion: A correct diagnosis is indispensable for an effective treatment since the type of pigment greatly affects the protocol to be used. Therefore, it is essential to know the etiology of the stain to define the type of gel, its concentration, time, and method of application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Periodontal pathologies are infectious-inflammatory and have a high prevalence worldwide. Recently, dental tissue engineering has increasingly attracted attention in the research field since periodontal tissue engineering applied to stem cells is a promising technique for the regeneration of periodontal loss tissues. Objective: The study aimed to carry out a literature review on the possibilities of using stem cells in the regeneration of periodontal tissues. Materials and Methods: A bibliographic search was carried out in two online databases respected for the production of health knowledge: PubMed - US National Library of Medicine and CAPES Periodicals, limiting the search for the period from 2005 to 2019. Results: The discovery of stem cells in dental tissues, such as periodontal ligament, dental pulp, and dental follicle highlighted the possibilities of developing therapies based on tissue engineering technology to promote the recovery of the periodontal. Conclusion: The studies cited proved the safety and viability of stem cells from in vitro tests followed by in vivo tests. Also, future possibilities for clinical use are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The stem cells present in the dental pulp are undifferentiated cells with unlimited capacity for self-renewal and differentiation, representing a high potential for use in regenerative medicine Objective: Conduct a literature review on stem cells derived from dental pulp, emphasizing their differentiation, proliferation, and chemical mediators mechanisms involved in these processes. Material and Methods: A bibliographic review of studies published in the last 20 years (2000-2020), carried out by a search on the databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library), and Google Scholar. The following descriptors were used for the research: stem cells, dental pulp, and tissue engineering. After careful filtering, 38 articles were selected for inclusion in the study. Results: The dental pulp stem cells demonstrate differentiation capacity in the mesodermal, ectodermal, and endodermal strains and express a genetic pattern similar to bone marrow stem cells. Conclusion: Dental pulp stem cells have a high potential for proliferation and capacity that originates from different cell lines of differentiation. The key to the application of these cells in these therapies is to know the expression of the molecules used in these processes. Further studies are needed so that the mechanisms of differentiation and proliferation are fully elucidated and used safely in regenerative medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The parasitic protozoan Giardia intestinalis, the causative agent of giardiasis, presents a stable and elaborated cytoskeleton, which shapes and supports several intracellular structures, including the ventral disc, the median body, the funis, and four pairs of flagella. Giardia trophozoite is the motile form that inhabits the host small intestine and attaches to epithelial cells, leading to infection. The ventral disc is considered one important element of adhesion to the intestinal cells. It is adjacent to the plasma membrane in the ventral region of the cell and consists of a spiral layer of microtubules and microribbons. In this work, we studied the organization of the cytoskeleton in the ventral disc of G. intestinalis trophozoites using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy or helium ion microscopy in plasma membrane-extracted cells. Here, we show novel morphological details about the arrangement of cross-bridges in different regions of the ventral disc. Results showed that the disc is a non-uniformly organized structure that presents specific domains, such as the margin and the ventral groove region. High-resolution scanning electron microscopy allowed observation of the labeling pattern for several anti-tubulin antibodies using secondary gold particle-labeled antibodies. Labeling in the region of the emergence of the microtubules and supernumerary microtubules using an anti-acetylated tubulin antibody was observed. Ultrastructural analysis and immunogold labeling for gamma-tubulin suggest that disc microtubules originate from a region bounded by the bands of the banded collar and merge with microtubules formed at the perinuclear region. Actin-like filaments and microtubules of the disc are associated, showing an interconnection between elements of the cytoskeleton of the trophozoite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aims to map the Music technical courses in Brazil, based on the National Information System for Professional and Technological Education (SISTEC) and related publications. The identified works were classified into the following categories: (1) Technical Courses in Musical Instruments/Singing, (2) Technical Courses in Music, (3) Integrated Technical Courses in Musical Instrument, (4) Technical Courses in Conducting and (5) Others. We identified 213 Music technical courses in 133 Teaching Units in 94 municipalities, in all regions of the country. We point out that the quantity of publications collected, in our bibliographic research, does not do justice to the number of existing courses, which demonstrates a great disparity between this field of professional training in Music and its scientific reflection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How can the drawings contribute to the understanding of the complexity of the city? The discussion begins with the researcher's attentive eye on the city during the process of drawing. When seeing the city from the drawing, it can improve the understanding of the urban phenomenon and suggests patterns and shapes collected in the sketchbooks, also called the graphic journals. Such shapes are related to the categories of identity, imageability, and urban quality present in the studies of authors such as Lynch and Cullen. The systematization of these morphology patterns, found when walking through the city, can be a way of relating a sensitive investigation method (the drawing) with a rational abstract method, suggesting the quantification of these forms as an index of urbanity. This article reports the investigation process of this method through a teaching experience practice when it was proposed to reflect on the practice of drawing using the graphic journal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gluconacin, a bacteriocin produced by Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus PAL5, has previously shown a large spectrum of inhibitory activity against beneficial and phytopathogenic bacteria. The present study proposes a three‐dimensional (3D) structure for Gluconacin based on modelling and describes some physicochemical characteristics and the effect of the peptide on cells of the phytopathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas albilineans ICMP196. The Gluconacin 3D structural model results demonstrated the 7 α‐helices and 11 β‐sheets. Growth inhibition of the indicator microorganism, X. albilineans, occurred in the first moments of contact with Gluconacin (0.25 μg μl−1). Treatment of bacterial cells caused significant loss of inorganic phosphate and UV‐absorbing materials. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that Gluconacin‐treated X. albilineans cells were fully lysed. These results suggest that the mode of action of this peptide involves altered membrane integrity and increased permeability, resulting in complete cell lysis. Physicochemical characterisation demonstrated stability of biological activity under high temperatures, including autoclaving conditions and low pH. The activity was reduced after treatment with proteases and some surfactants and abolished with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). The 3D conformation model indicates the possibility of a hydrophobic region, which could possibly interact directly with the cell membrane of target bacteria. In conclusion, the ability of Gluconacin to inhibit growth of phytopathogens of agricultural importance opens up new opportunities for biotechnological applications and, consequently, a reduction in the use of pesticides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we prove that a compact quasi-Einstein manifold (Mn, g, u) of dimension n ≥ 4 with boundary ∂ M, nonnegative sectional curvature and zero radial Weyl tensor is either isometric, up to scaling, to the standard hemisphere Sn+, or g = dt2 + ψ2(t)gL and u = u(t), where gL is Einstein with nonnegative Ricci curvature. A similar classification result is obtained by assuming a fourth-order vanishing condition on the Weyl tensor. Moreover, a new example is presented in order to justify our assumptions. In addition, the case of dimension n = 3 is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this article is to understand the curricular theories and their meanings for the curricula in the school community, in face of this proposition; we were instigated to know to which intentionalities the curricular theories advocate and their influences on education and teaching. In the methodological procedures, we followed a qualitative approach, with a dialectical method, in a bibliographical study. We seek to dialogue in the studies of Kliebard (2011), Silva (2010), Freire (2000), Arroyo (2013), Giroux (1997), Lopes and Macedo (2011) among others, their foundations resuming the look on the traditional aspects of curriculum, the critical perspective and post-structuralism. The reflections in this study highlight the relevance of knowing the curriculum theories in its historical process in a socio-political-cultural trajectory, because this knowledge enables the understanding of the dynamics of educational reality and is necessary in formative spaces in which we seek to know their foundations and meanings that help us understand the relationships established in everyday school, which is made through ideological discourses and knowledge-power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ESBMC is an SMT-based bounded model checker that provides a bit-precise verification of both C and C++ programs. Bounded model checking (BMC) was developed to provide faster results when finding property violations; BMC achieves this by limiting the number of loop unwindings and recursion depth. The technique, however, is unable to prove correctness unless all loops and recursions are fully unwound, which might not be possible for some programs (e.g., infinite loops). The version of ESBMC described here is designed to avoid the problem of guessing the number of unwindings, which leads to a property violation; it incrementally verifies the program, searching only for property violations. Once ESBMC has found a property violation, it produces a test suite that contains at least one test to expose a bug. ESBMC can correctly produce 312 test cases, which are confirmed by the test validator employed by Test-Comp 2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]