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The paper presents the current situation as regards the circular economy in agriculture in Romania, while also taking into consideration its global impact. We have here a system globally endorsed by the United Nations. It is also important for regional organisations such as the European Union or la Francophonie as the circular economy seems to have a high number of advantages in tackling climate change, creating a sustainable food chain, improving the organic character of the agriculture, etc. From that perspective Romania represents an interesting case study as it is both a European Union member state and a member of the Francophonie. It thus follows both sets of rules and recommendations in order to improve its status. The paper uses the bibliographic method and reviews the main documents that settle this aspect and presents the legal framework for circular economy. The put into practice of the circular economy in the Romanian agriculture would bring a series of advantages (environment, food safety, etc.) while also requiring systemic transformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A substantial number of Lebanese films feature characters who speak French. While the inclusion of these characters is often justified at the narrative level, in certain instances, their presence cannot be solely explained by the narrative and appears to be more attributable to the context of the production of these films, particularly due to the dependence of Lebanese cinema on French funding. Many filmmakers have connected the use of the French language to the conditions set by French funds. However, it is noteworthy that these funds seldom explicitly mandate the use of French. A closer examination of this phenomenon reveals an implicit set of guidelines imposed by French funders, facilitated through French diplomatic institutions, and a tendency among some Lebanese filmmakers to conform to these expectations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Learning the dominant language of the receiving society is arguably key to ensuring immigrant integration. While this is important for immigrants who are not fluent in the receiving countries' official language(s), in this article, we examine the significance of using an official, but minority language (French) in Canada's Anglophone provinces. We focus on the Francophone minority community (FMC) in Metro Vancouver, British Columbia, as a 'third space' for French-speaking immigrants' integration. While the government considers FMCs as primary spaces of French-speaking immigrants' integration, we interrogate their actual role in their everyday experiences in the multicultural context of Metro Vancouver. This article presents findings from a critical ethnography about French-speaking immigrants' participation in Francophone community sites. Methods included observations in Francophone community sites as well as interviews with twenty French-speaking immigrants and six representatives of Francophone community sites. Findings suggest that the FMC constitutes a 'third space' that supports immigrants' integration by playing an 'in-between' role in relation to the mainstream Anglophone society and participants' ethnocultural communities. Furthermore, we argue that FMCs – as official, but minority language communities – constitute a unique hybrid mix of dominant and subaltern positions that offer possibilities for refining conceptualizations of 'third space'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to illuminate literary Francophony through the poems of Hassan Honarmandi (2002-1928) in Iran, exploring themes such as Iran, anxiety, woman, daughter of the ocean, colors, and explicit disgust. Honarmandi is considered a fervent supporter of the Baroque-Romantic literary movement in Iran. Furthermore, the elements of "dream" and "emotions" are essential for unraveling the roots of Franco-philic poetry, drawing inspiration from the black romanticism of Gerard de Nerval's "Aurelia" and the passionate romanticism of Charles Baudelaire's "The Passing Stranger." Additionally, the Iranian poet's inclination to embrace French poetry is rationalized by seeking refuge and venturing into the European realm, where the distinct parallels and kinships between his compositions and those of other French poets become evident. Therefore, we will try to show that the works of Iranian poet can be considered as a productive factor in the spread of French poetry in Iran, and this is realized in accepting the works of French authors. This research aims to analyze the socio-cultural dimensions of Franco-philic poetry, emphasizing the literary achievement of Hassan Honarmandi in Iran, with a focus on the fundamental themes of "pessimism" and "despair" embedded in Franco-philic poetry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article, the author discusses issues in French studies, particularly the meaning of Francophonie as a concept and as an institution. Also cited are the works of authors Frantz Fanon and Léon-Gontran Damas on the French language and French colonies, and the limitations of colonial organizations of language, literature, and culture.

In the article, the author discusses the potential effects of French and Francophone studies on the issue of denomination. Also cited are how the categories of French and Francophonie are used for socioeconomic and sociopolitical purposes, how colonialism promoted the French language, and the attributes of Francophonie in academic, cultural, social, and political aspects.

Context and background: The knowledge society is a paradigm shift in form and substance. Open Science (OS) is a worldwide movement that aims to make research products accessible and that is accelerating with technological potential. It is based on a number of principles: broad and unfettered access and dissemination, sharing and spin-off of research products with civil society. Purpose and analysis: SO includes free and open access to articles, access to source data, data analysis, availability of preprints, open evaluation. In this context, the French-speaking world, through the heterogeneity of its situations and its linguistic homogeneity, appears to be a privileged field for observation and experimentation. GRISOF, which works to improve French-speaking research in medical science and health, proposes, based on its experience, a few practical keys for clinical researchers, biomedical researchers and public health researchers, directs its reflection towards evaluation and intensifies its roadmap on training. If English is the predominant language, automatic language processing (ALP) is a technological opportunity. Open access to articles provides an opportunity for work in French to become better known, just as digital translation provides access to articles in other languages. Conclusion: Open access to articles improves the depth and breadth of students' knowledge. It is an essential component of research learning. Engaging students in open publication of their own work is a way to raise awareness of open science practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article delves into Nadia Boulanger's artistic legacy in Romania, examining the profound influence of her teachings and the nuanced ways in which her distinctive personality resonated with Romanian musicians. Nadia Boulanger, a figure of intricate complexity, defies easy categorization, yet her indelible impact on the 20th century remains unquestionable. A composer, conductor, and educator, she became a beacon for virtually every prominent musician of her era. Moreover, her significance is heightened by the fact that she was one of the pioneering women in the field of composition. Nevertheless, there were also select Romanian artists who were fortunate recipients of her guidance. Through the prism of testimonials and meticulously preserved archival documents, we will summon their presence: Maria Cernovodeanu, Dinu Lipatti, Florica Musicescu, Cornel Țăranu. This commemoration stands as our tribute to 30 years of Francophonie in Romania and the craftsmen who contributed to it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article delves into Nadia Boulanger's artistic legacy in Romania, examining the profound influence of her teachings and the nuanced ways in which her distinctive personality resonated with Romanian musicians. Nadia Boulanger, a figure of intricate complexity, defies easy categorization, yet her indelible impact on the 20th century remains unquestionable. A composer, conductor, and educator, she became a beacon for virtually every prominent musician of her era. Moreover, her significance is heightened by the fact that she was one of the pioneering women in the field of composition. Nevertheless, there were also select Romanian artists who were fortunate recipients of her guidance. Through the prism of testimonials and meticulously preserved archival documents, we will summon their presence: Maria Cernovodeanu, Dinu Lipatti, Florica Musicescu, Cornel ?ăranu. This commemoration stands as our tribute to 30 years of Francophonie in Romania and the craftsmen who contributed to it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dans le cadre de cet article, trois chercheuses-praticiennes partagent une réflexion développée lors d'une étude de soi menée dans le contexte universitaire de la formation initiale à l'enseignement du/en français en milieu minoritaire. À travers des vignettes autoethnographiques et en pensant avec la théorie de la perspective bilingue du bilinguisme, elles expliquent comment elles en sont arrivées à mieux comprendre leurs réactions respectives par rapport à l'utilisation de l'anglais dans des contextes d'éducation en français. En adoptant une démarche réflexive, notamment au sujet d'un sentiment intense d'aversion (« ARKK! ») ressenti lors du recours à l'anglais dans ces contextes d'éducation en français, les trois auteures expliquent comment elles ont réussi à mieux comprendre ce sentiment. C'est à travers leurs conversations entre amies critiques qu'elles ont notamment pu repenser leurs pratiques pédagogiques et les dynamiques internes d'une communauté professionnelle francophone hétérogène. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sixteenth-century effort to strengthen and improve the Dutch language has long been considered in terms of francophobia: by rejecting French influence, such as loanwords, the Dutch language could emancipate itself. This article explores to what extent the postcolonial notion of Francophonie, used to describe the imposition of the French language in a colonial context, can improve our understanding of the ambivalent sixteenth-century attitude towards the French tongue by native speakers of Dutch. This re-examination of early modern sources on the relation between French and Dutch, mainly the 1584 Twe-spraack, leads to a re-evaluation of the presence of francophobia. Not only is a direct connection between the rejection of French and the support of the Dutch language absent, but, moreover, cases of francofilia can even be attested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cette recherche vise l'étude des relations entre le style d'attachement, le soutien social, la symptomatologie psychotraumatique et le fonctionnement global chez des individus franco-ontariens aux prises avec un TSPT. Cent individus ayant un TSPT ont été recrutés dans une clinique externe de psychiatrie. Les données ont démontré qu'il ne semble pas y avoir d'effet combiné du style d'attachement et du type de soutien social sur la symptomatologie psychotraumatique et le fonctionnement global. Il semblerait toutefois qu'un style d'attachement sécure serait en lien avec une moins grande symptomatologie psychotraumatique et un niveau global de fonctionnement plus élevé. De même, il semblerait qu'une quantité adéquate/élevée de soutien social soit en lien avec une moins grande symptomatologie psychotraumatique et un meilleur niveau global de fonctionnement. Une qualité adéquate/élevée de soutien social serait également associée à une symptomatologie psychotraumatique moindre et à un meilleur niveau global de fonctionnement. Finalement et en considération d'une combinaison quantité et qualité du soutien social, il semblerait que le caractère qualitatif du soutien social soit minimalement nécessaire pour favoriser une plus faible symptomatologie psychotraumatique alors que le caractère quantitatif du soutien social serait minimalement nécessaire pour assurer un meilleur niveau global de fonctionnement. En plus de leurs aspects novateurs, les résultats de cette étude viennent confirmer l'hétérogénéité de la population aux prises avec un TSPT et ouvrent la voie à une prise en charge psychothérapeutique bonifiée. This research aims to study the relationship between attachment style, social support, psychotraumatic symptomatology and overall functioning in Franco-Ontarians with PTSD. One hundred individuals with PTSD were recruited from an outpatient psychiatric clinic. The data demonstrated that there does not appear to be a combined effect of attachment style and social support type on psychotraumatic symptomatology and overall functioning. It would seem, however, that a secure attachment style is associated with less psychotraumatic symptomatology and a higher overall level of functioning. Similarly, it would appear that an adequate/high level of social support is associated with less psychotraumatic symptomatology and a better overall level of functioning. Adequate/high quality of social support would also be associated with lower psychotraumatic symptomatology and a better overall level of functioning. Finally, and considering a combination of quantity and quality of social support, it seems that the qualitative character of social support is minimally necessary to promote a weaker psychotraumatic symptomatology, whereas the quantitative nature of social support would be minimally necessary to ensure a better level of social support overall operation. In addition to their innovative aspects, the results of this study confirm the heterogeneity of the population with PTSD and pave the way for enhanced psychotherapeutic management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relationships with others raise issues of identity and characterize individuals in their behavior with others. These identity issues, which are specific to each society, are sources of the discourse of otherness. In the French-speaking space which, by its essence and in the light of historical facts, reflects otherness, this discourse is reflected in the terms and lexies of topolectal varieties of French. Based on an onomasiological approach, going from definition to words to discover how otherness is presented, this research aims to identify and present the lexical aspect of the discourse of others in a lexicographical corpus from all over the French-speaking world. In other words, this article studies the topolectal speaking of French to find terms used to evoke otherness. Terms such as "French", "European", "foreign", "white" were the object of a first observation given that they constitute the reverses of a discourse of domination in the dichotomy colonizer-colonized against with "aboriginal" "negro" and "black". Through illustrated examples, we demonstrate that different aspects such as physical, geographic, and identity traits are vehicles of this discourse which, axiologically, mainly present the pejorative values attributed to the other. Also, it would seem that colonial memory helps to nourish this vision of the other who stands out from the speakers, whose speech is studied, by his foreign origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The neoliberalization of Canada's immigration and immigrant integration policies has impacted how Francophone communities in English dominated provinces outside of Québec can develop and thrive. This article examines the challenges faced by Francophone community organizations in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) in their efforts to successfully integrate Francophone immigrants. The GTA's Francophone voluntary sector has been affected by a "community government" mindset, which limits its ability to support the integration of Francophone newcomers into the local Frenchspeaking community. We use public documents and interviews with representatives of key Francophone community organizations to document these challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Canadian public libraries play an important role in supporting official language minority communities on a cultural and socio-economic level as well as on a linguistic level. However, there is limited research on the practices and impact of libraries in linguistic minority contexts. This exploratory study presents results from a pan-Canadian survey on French-language collections in public libraries serving French-speaking minority communities in Canada, focusing on the practices of library personnel and on their level of satisfaction when it comes to developing, promoting and evaluating these collections. Analysis of survey results reveals four main factors, often interconnected, that influence collection development in French-speaking minority communities: the level of French knowledge among employees, reliance on vendors and intermediaries, lack of resources and support, and collection development limited to content for preschool and school-age children. Results of this study are being shared to encourage discussion and reflection on the unique challenges of this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Speaking French in Romanian space meant much more than mastering a linguistic instrument, being the expression of adherence to a whole series of values, ideas and ideals specific to modern European nations. Romanian intellectuals and political elites chose French as an idiom for the expression of freedom, modernity and the belonging of Romanian space to the Europe of free nations. The francophone dimension of Romania developed especially during the first half of the 20th century. It was at this time that Bucharest became little Paris”. Many Romanian writers then chose to create the most significant part of their work in French. Illustrious names, including those of Constantin Brancusi, Eugène Ionesco, Mircea Eliade, Georges Enesco, Emil Cioran, have since become part of the Francophone cultural heritage. The French-speaking component of Romanian history, built over two centuries of history, has been able to resist even under the conditions of great precariousness imposed under totalitarianism, after the Second World War. Immediately after the return of democracy, Romania joined, as a full member, the institutional Francophonie (1993), returning to the Francophone family to which it was attached in an extremely rich past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the publication of the 2007 manifesto 'Pour une littérature-monde en français', scholars have questioned whether or not the initially inflammatory concept of littérature-monde has produced a meaningful legacy. This article re-examines the controversies which the manifesto provoked by focusing on the intellectual career of one of its principal authors: Michel Le Bris. Scholarly criticism has largely overlooked the fact that Le Bris's involvement in the littérature-monde project is an extension of his previous involvement with Maoism and his identity as a Breton author. The manifesto can be read as Le Bris's response to the political and cultural crises of his time which he previously addressed through activism and cultural entrepreneurship. Though Le Bris's own defence of the manifesto is flawed and problematic, a better understanding of the context from which it originated raises important questions when considering the role of regional and minority literatures in the global age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both popular and scholarly treatments of the French-speaking world tend to reify all French speakers into a homogeneous bloc with a deeply state-centered approach to language legislation. Such an analysis, informed by the examples of France and Québec, neglects the specificity of different social and political contexts. In this article, I use the example of the French speakers of Flanders, who often argued against the state regulation of language and in doing so adopted a political discourse that was radically different than that often associated with so-called French speakers, to complicate our understanding of Francophonie as a coherent whole with regard to attitudes on language policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In diesem Artikel werden zwei in Europa praktisch vollständig unbekannte Bibliothekskatalogsysteme, die Algeriens und Tunesiens, vorgestellt, die wichtige Aufschlüsse über die Wissenschaftssituation dieser beiden Staaten mit ihrer so hohen geostrategischen Bedeutung erlauben. Es schließen sich Bemerkungen über die Katalogentwicklung in diesen Staaten an, und abschließend werden einige mögliche wissenschaftspolitische Schlussfolgerungen für die europäische kulturelle Außenpolitik gezogen. Two hitherto almost completely unknown library catalogue systems from Algeria and Tunisia are introduced in this article, providing important information on the academic and scientific condition of these geostrategically highly relevant states. It includes some notes on the catalogue development in these countries and implications from the perspective of science policies for the cultural foreign policy of the European Union. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this research is to empirically analyze the constitution of the subsystem of French-Canadian literatures, its inscription in Canadian literature and its relations with the literatures of the world, particularly those geographically and linguistically related to it. Theoretically, it is based on Pierre Bourdieu's concept of a field (1992), on polysystems theory developed by Itamar Even-Zohar (1990) and on scientometrics (de Solla Price 1963). From the methodological viewpoint, we have retrieved from the most important literary database, the Modern Language Association International Bibliography, references that correspond to the different literatures analyzed. The compilation and the analysis of the metadata of these references allowed us, firstly, to map French-Canadian literatures and to describe the diffusion of the critical bibliography. Secondly, we elaborated several indicators in order to study the relations of French-Canadian literatures to, on the one hand, literatures of the Americas, and, on the other hand, francophone literatures. We observed that French-Canadian literatures are characterized by their vitality, their youth, and their relative independence from other systems. We consider that this paper constitutes an illustration of the potentiality of the new observable resources of the digital age, as they may increase our understanding of the configuration and the evolution of the literary systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the use of Orientalism in the history, plot, and reception one of the most successful French novels of all time: Alexandre Dumas' The Count of Monte Cristo (1845). Dubbed 'a 19th-century version of "The Arabian Nights"', this fictional tale is also a historical text linking East and West within the moral universe of post-Napoleonic Europe. Wrongfully accused of state treason, a Marseilles sailor, Dantès, transforms into the mysterious and foreign Count of Monte Cristo through an Orientalising metamorphosis that begins in an island prison and unfolds through a revenge plan after a miraculous escape. Details of the vengeance plots carried out by means of multiple disguises, customized for each of the characters reveal the metageography of an imperial Mediterranean. The traffic in goods, people, technologies, and ideas; the web of symbolic interaction measured in imperial conquest; relations of trade and finance with the Orient, hitherto treated as background, are central to the moral universe of righteous retribution in the tale. The story's immediate and stunning popularity indicates how audiences understood their world at a precise post-Napoleonic moment when France was constructing itself by projecting its power into the Ottoman Empire's North African domains. Embedded within the frame of the story, the racial politics of the Other extend beyond the Orient into the French Atlantic touching Dumas, the author, directly: his half-Haitian father fought as a free officer in Napoleon's Egyptian campaign. Within this autobiographical 19th century milieu, the paper further explores an imperial cosmopolitanism impacting the collective memory struggles and the racial politics of contemporary France. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the impact of France’s colonial heritage on French and Parisian public theatre. Theatrical programming corresponds to an imaginary still structured by a cultural and social construction of race that reflects the past of the “Grande Nation.” Three different plays by Ivorian dramatist Koffi Kwahulé are examined, each depicting situations of demotion experienced by French citizens of foreign origin. I argue that the way French public theatre is structured and administered today mirrors, to a certain extent, real situations of tension reflecting the disparities between the “centres” (symbols of power and homogeneity) and the “peripheries” (socio-economic and cultural spaces of relegation structured by a racial imaginary). I also analyse the concept of the border as a geographic, economic, and sociocultural paradigm, allowing us to understand, in the French and francophone contexts, what unites and divides – or more accurately, how francophone writers and French writers of foreign origin can still be condemned in the twenty-first century to a sort of exile from metropolitan Paris, the capital of a Jacobin state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A few days before we met in Paris, at the beginning of July 2017, I asked Jean Bessière to share his point of view on the relationship between francophonie and comparative literature, and on the stakes for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this interview, conducted by Emmanuel Bruno Jean-François, acclaimed Francophone writer Ananda Devi discusses the act of writing as “a way of shifting the building-blocks of the real world to create … an alternate world.” Referencing her own creative work and literary journey from Mauritius to Paris, she engages in a profound reflection on the power of literature in creating awareness about the multiple divides of our contemporary world. As she provides critical insights of la francophonie littéraire, Devi also addresses complex sites of belonging and unbelonging to reflect more broadly on the ethical position of the transnational writer, namely in the context of the uneven process of globalization that generates both hybridity and radicalization of identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This introduces the special issue on mobility across media in various areas of the Francophone world. Articles treat the notion of mobility as understood in film, literature, visual art and advertising and explore how genres as well as national traditions intersect. They explore a range of representations of mobility, such as the mobility between people, between genres, between languages, between artistic forms and between texts across historical periods. We show that the terminology regarding movement is constantly mobile itself, having undergone significant slippage in recent decades. Overall, this volume does not seek to arrest, but to add to, the understanding of the diverse modes of mobility present in the contemporary world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Until now postcolonial discourse and the subject of immigration have been accommodated in the main within literary Francophonie. The literature relating to immigration in France generally derived from the creations of writers from the former French colonies and even if they adopted French nationality, they would remain, however, French writers of immigration. But what is to be done when the writer is French by birth, has no direct connection with the condition of a colonized subject except perhaps by parental proxy and belongs to the postcolonial diaspora? This article is concerned with the realities of culture and identity that link suburban literature to postcolonial discourse. How does the periurban writer embody France in a postcolonial situation within his creations? These reflections lead us to propose the concept of Francophonie from within to justify the lack of symbolic boundaries between French and Francophone literatures by reference to productions from the suburbs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pushed by the desire to know, raised by the endurance of the seeker, the history of science was built in large part through the action of great travelers. Strewn with difficulties it is also littered with encounters. The history of the human sciences, wich places the centrality of the human at the heart of their concerns – and especially the history of music and musicology – cannot be separated from the notions of sharing and exchange. If the circulation of knowledge goes hand in hand with the circulation of beings – both effective and virtual through their works – and if we are allowed to think that part of the development of science and intellect is related to the development of human relations, we can therefore observe the construction of the international networks in a given domain through the bilaterality of a human relationship. In the Francophone sphere and in musicology, language has been a major asset for encounter, knowledge of the other, exchange and joint construction of musicological thought. In this article, we will circumscribe our reflection to a certain number of founding musicological exchanges. We are particularly interested in the university road of Mahmoud Guettat in France and in its impact on the construction of tunisian musicology especially in the academic plan through the foundation of the Higher Institute of Music of Tunis. We also refer to Mohamed Zinelabidine and to the human relations that allowed the construction of Franco-tunisian networks and partnerships in musicology. Going back in time, the meeting that took place at Ennejma Ezzahra Palace in Sidi Bou Saïd during the first half oh the 20th century allowed to unite on Tunisian soil, in a French expression and through music, the two shores of the Mediterranean by the collaboration of Tunisian, French, Syrian and Lebanese actors. Since human relationships are fundamentally reciprocal, the contribution of the other cannot be observed in a one-way vision. The exchange that the encounter involved, while building the musicology of the knowledge seeker also allowed the development of the knowledge smuggler. On both sides of the Mediterranean, actors from the south to the north got richer, enriched their native land and their host land; and vice versa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay explores the question of origins in Alain Mabanckou's critically acclaimed novel, Verre Cassé (2005). While it has been argued that Mabanckou's text falls in line with the littérature-monde paradigm and thus debunks the notion of Francophonie, I contend that it depicts the entire enterprise of origins as always already doomed to failure and proposes in its place a relational thought-model that surpasses the dialectical thought that grounds universalism and particularism alike. Thematically, Mabanckou portrays character quests for originality as absurd; on the level of narrative mode, he uses murky narrative positions and temporality to unhinge the authority of the singular speaking subject; finally, through the incorporation of intertextual references, he defies the very logic driving the notion of origins. Composing his text out of others' gone before, Mabanckou pushes diversity to a higher conceptual level; he appropriates and repurposes old fragments, joining them up in one relational space so that they might gain new meaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dans le contexte politique et éducatif de l'Europe actuelle, la littérature doit être une composante importante de l'enseignement d'une langue étrangère et des contenus culturels, dont la place, l'importance et la fonction ne sont pas les mêmes dans les méthodologies et les manuels différents. C'est ainsi qu'on peut parler de deux visions, une vision élitiste et une populiste, de la culture dans les manuels français et yougoslaves des années cinquante du XXe siècle, ainsi que des perspectives différentes - interculturelle/pluriculturelle, intertextuelle, multimédia vers la fin du siècle dernier et au début du XXIe siècle. Vu l'intérêt vital de l'Europe d'aujourd'hui de garder la diversité des langues et des cultures dans le but de dépasser « ce que peut avoir d'ethnocentrique la relation à la langue et à la culture maternelles », dans notre article nous tâcherons de relever tout d'abord un certain ethnocentrisme concernant l'emploi et le choix du texte littéraire révélant toujours une image souhaitée de la société et de la culture, ce qui constitue une ressemblance entre les méthodologies « anciennes » et « nouvelles ». Nous nous focalisons ensuite sur des différences entre les tendances anciennes et tendances nouvelles (notamment la réflexion sur la réception et sur la culture générale des apprenants), c'est-à-dire sur des avantages que présentent ces dernières, qui, entre autres, accordent une place privilégiée à la « francophonie » et au « culturel » dans ses variations multiples (inter/pluri/co). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L'oeuvre romanesque d'Alain Mabanckou se distingue par une esthétique qui s'inscrit essentiellement dans une dynamique transgressive et subversive. Le romancier déjoue avec dextérité les codes du genre romanesque. Le roman se transforme de la sorte en un espace de liberté absolue, où les deux notions de transgression et de subversion permettent de rompre les liens avec les règles du roman classique. Menée non seulement à l'encontre des normes génériques, l'écriture subversive cherche, en outre, à s'affranchir de la tutelle et de la tyrannie de la langue française. Caractérisée par une hybridité générique, cette écriture privilégie le mélange des registres, la resémantisation des termes, imprime à la phrase plusieurs distorsions et annonce de la sorte l'émergence d'une littérature de langue française libérée de ses attaches originelles et rejetant du coup l'appellation de « littérature francophone » au profit d'une « littérature monde ». [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Un long chemin a été parcouru dans l'univers de la francophonie depuis l'apparition des mouvements de la « négritude » dans les années 30, puis de ceux d'« antillanité », de « créolité », une quarantaine d'années plus tard. L'objectif principal de la création de ces concepts, que nous passerons en revue dans notre article, est sans aucun doute l'affirmation de son identité propre et par conséquent, dans l'univers des littératures en langue française, l'opposition à la domination de la littérature franco-française. Aujourd'hui, à l'heure d'une « francophonie transculturelle » on parle de « mondialité » et de diversité culturelle. C'est notamment la notion de « littérature monde » qui a eu sa consécration officielle en 2007 lors de la publication d'un manifeste signé par 44 écrivains francophones qui réclamaient la suppression du centre et de la périphérie, le décloisonnement des frontières de l'imaginaire et « une littérature-monde en langue française consciemment affirmée ». Il s'agira ici d'essayer de dresser un état des lieux du chemin parcouru, de s'interroger ensuite sur les raisons de l'émergence de la notion de « littérature monde » et enfin de noter pourquoi l'apparition et la promotion de cette notion ont provoqué parfois de vives controverses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dans ce travail seront discutées la nécessité et l'importance de l'enseignement des variations linguistiques du français qui s'imposent aujourd'hui en classe de Français langue étrangère. En effet, les langues subissent actuellement diverses influences dues au rapprochement des cultures, et de ce fait des échanges linguistiques variés. Nous nous servirons de quelques extraits vidéo du monde francophone pour montrer leur utilité en tant que supports pédagogiques, nous tenterons d'expliquer quel est leur rôle et comment nous pouvons les exploiter afin d'enseigner des variétés du français. En outre, nous allons proposer quelques pistes pouvant contribuer au développement des compétences sociolinguistiques et interculturelles. Notre objectif est d'améliorer et d'enrichir l'enseignement du FLE tout en élargissant les horizons des apprenants mais aussi ceux des enseignants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dans un pays francophone comme le Liban, nombreux sont les événements culturels fêtant le mois de la francophonie. A ce titre, les institutions francophones sont très actives. Toutefois, cette thématique est rarement abordée en classe de français. Pourtant, enseigner la francophonie s'avère nécessaire pour motiver élèves et étudiants tournés vers l'anglais. La Faculté de Pédagogie de l'Université Libanaise dispense un cours intitulé « Francophonie et monde arabe » visant à sensibiliser de futurs enseignants de français aux enjeux de la francophonie par le biais d'activités pédagogiques réflexives et ludiques. Cet article a pour objectif d'étudier l'impact d'un tel module sur les représentations et l'enseignement des différents aspects de la francophonie en milieu scolaire et universitaire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Si le nombre de francophones dans le monde continue à augmenter, c'est grâce au continent africain. En effet, plus de la moitié de locuteurs de français vivent aujourd'hui en Afrique, et c'est plus précisément en Afrique subsaharienne que le français se développe le plus rapidement. C'est également en Afique que se concentre la majorité des apprenants de la langue française, alors que sur le continent européen une baisse de 8% a été relevée depuis 2010. Tout en dressant un état de lieu de la langue française dans le monde actuel basé sur le dernier rapport de l'OIF, cette article invite à une reflexion sur l'avenir de la langue française dans le contexte actuel des mouvements migratoires et démographiques. Il se penche sur les différentes variétés du français parlé en Côte d'Ivoire, premier pays d'accueil des migrations en Afrique francophone en 2015. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Réfléchir à la situation linguistique à l'université répond à un questionnement éthique sur les enjeux et les finalités de l'emploi d'une lingua academica ou au contraire du plurilinguisme. En effet, le monde de la recherche et de l'enseignement supérieur s'anglicise de plus en plus: si l'usage d'une lingua franca comporte des avantages indéniables, celui d'une seule langue en situation de monopole présente aussi de nombreux risques. Le plurilinguisme, de son côté, peut apporter nombre d'atouts cognitifs et communicatifs pour la qualité de la recherche et l'insertion des étudiants sur le marché du travail, ainsi que la création d'une Europe pluriculturelle. Dans cette optique, le français peut jouer un rôle important, et son apprentissage et sa connaissance permettre aux étudiants de s'inscrire dans la mondialisation, leur apporter une ouverture et des compétences supplémentaires. À condition que l'on pense sa place en termes de complémentarité et d'intégration, dans son rapport tant avec la lingua academica qu'avec les autres langues en présence. Mais au-delà d'une reconnaissance du plurilinguisme dans les discours officiels, il est nécessaire de le prendre en compte et de le promouvoir, y compris et surtout dans les cours de langue. Les cours de préparation linguistique des étudiants gagneraient à intégrer, entre autres, des approches pédagogiques inclusives et des formations intégrées afin de préparer au mieux les étudiants à un contexte et des pratiques plurilingues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tout en vantant les avantages d'un dialogue des cultures, nous sommes dangereusement proches aujourd'hui de ce fameux choc des cultures qu'on a voulu tant éviter, de cette funeste prophétie du choc des civilisations. L'idylle du dialogue culturel, c'est-à-dire, de la capacité d'accepter la différence, tout en sachant que ce dialogue assez souvent mène à l'assimilation et à l'absorption, semble de plus en plus loin. L'idée de la diversité culturelle, si chère à la Francophonie, peut-elle s'opposer aux forces politiques, économiques et culturelles qui se battent pour la domination, n'hésitant pas à utiliser tous les moyens pour obtenir la suprématie? Quelle est la réponse des politiques identitaires et linguistiques en Serbie à ces questions? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the problem of worldview and its role in the francophonie as sociocultural multilingual dimension. The author addresses the francophonie as a polycultural multi-ethnic world, which is characterized by a plurality of worldviews, a plurality of francophone ethnolinguistique worldviews in all areas of human activity (science, economics, sociology, education, law, history, etc.). Since the francophonie encloses a linguistic diversity of cultures and civilizations, it spreads through the French language not only the culture and civilization of the French people, but it also makes an important contribution to the implementation of a distribution policy of different spiritual values of other francophone countries. Therefore, this movement develops another worldview, a French pluralistic worldview. The diversity of ethnical worldviews of the francophonie cohabits and try to live in peace. The specific point of view, to conceive or understand the world materialize in heritage visions of objects, characters, famous people, phenomena or social, historical, political, cultural, national events, etc. These ethno-linguistic worldviews of designated objects are structured constantly in the consciousness and the linguistic system of the people and should be decoded in order to avoid the clash of cultures that may burst. In conclusion, we can say that the knowledge, understanding and acceptance of the worldviews would allow the full integration of ethnic groups in the francophone world, the effective function of this system and its harmonization with other systems of the universe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent passing of Assia Djebar (1936–2015) raises interest in the legacy of her work. It is well documented that the renowned Algerian author attempted to write in Arabic in the 1970s, but never did. Instead, she made two films in Arabic before returning to writing in French. Film, in fact, is the only medium in which she used Arabic. Why was Arabic for Djebar a language suitable for filmmaking but not for writing novels or short stories? To which extent does it reveal limitations for Arabic as a language of cultural expression in the Maghreb? Articulated around the interrelated notions of aphasia, diglossia, and arabophonie, this article argues that the impossibility of writing in Arabic for Djebar, specifically given the language's binary structure, became essential to her oeuvre. Djebar's case, in turn, clarifies the language dynamics in the Maghreb, and the region's position at the intersections of French, Tamazight, and a broader Arabic-speaking World. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the complex relationship between African literatures in European languages and the construction of the historical record in Agualusa's Nação Crioula and Monénembo's Pelourinho. It problematizes the idealised notion present in lusofonia of the Atlantic triangle as characterised by fluid identities and hybrid spaces, to argue that in both novels boundaries are ruptured but also reinscribed. In exploring unofficial acts of writing which diverge from official discourse: unpublished texts, secret correspondence, and ways of inscribing memory that do not involve writing, these two novels call into question the relationship between voice and writing and the way the historical record is constructed. By exploring the work of Agualusa and Monénembo in comparison, we can demonstrate some of the points of crossover between these two texts, which transcend both intra- and inter-continental boundaries. Such a comparative analysis allows for new readings of the texts to emerge, which may not be apparent when viewed solely from a Lusophone or Francophone canonical perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following contacts with Arab nomads and traders and the conversion of West Africans to Islam, Ajami, the writing of African languages using Qur'anic Arabic script, developed as an offshoot of Qur'anic education. Subsequently, both Ajami and Arabic became the transnational medium of written and spoken communication in pre-colonial West Africa. However, with colonization, the linguistic ecology in the region experienced a radical change. Following subjugation by the French military, West Africans had the French language and the French secular education models imposed on them. As a result, education and literacy shifted from (Qur'anic) Arabic and Ajami to French. Ironically, the West Africans who staunchly opposed French colonization became the most fervent advocates of French in postcolonial Africa in their own countries, in other parts of Africa and the rest of the world. However, the attachment to the French language seems so deep that it has obscured any language policies or language in-education vision to effectively address the national language issues in education and anticipate changing language needs in Francophone Africa [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Before becoming a historical fact, the history could be defined as a historical consciousness which could be investigated in cultural signs. The cultural signs mark the history severely when the meaning of history is rushed and the revolt evolves to the explosion of the common sense. Thus, one could reach to an understanding of the meaning of the cultural and eventive history. The era of modern culture is perceived as a culture of historical time characterized by the appearance of the total consciousness of freedom. Regarding the ideals, France, as well as Francophonie is focusing on the values of Human rights. Or, the attempts from Paris and their replicas have showed that this revolutionary slogan is meaningless and didn't present the actual state of things, as we moved away from the spirit of the Age of Enlightenment, giving place to prejudice and discrimination, to the crossing of individual relationships and to the politicization of the cultural identities. But if a common language has the same woven references, being the way of thinking world together, which doesn't mean to share the same convictions (H. Bourges). It becomes evident that the western and francophone values are not universal (the universality being rather a desiderative than a reality), but they are evolving to communication between different cultural universes (R. Fornet-Betancourt). The history becomes a "layered history" corresponding to "imbricated identities" (L. Gervereau). The critical examination has to be organized at different levels: geopolitical, religious, social, ethical. The fight of the cultural policy lies in the necessity to organize the interactions between cultural identities in order to nourish the "living together" which should be born of this fantastic "heterogeneity of freedom". In the epoch of globalization, the identity is built in relation with its outside, in projects and engagements at the local, national, regional levels and - the new requirement - at the planetary level. The new architecture of the multiple memberships doesn't eliminate any of them, it articulates them in a genuine way, proceeding to a human "interity" (J. Demorgon), in a multicultural postmodern context where the interpretation and perpetual negotiation of meanings are particularly foregrounded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Besides the fact that Vassilis Alexakis writes in French, thus he is a French and Francophone writer, in his novels it is noticed a constant start and an inescapable return to sources, all kinds of sources: Greek words, words of mythology, the roots and the origins. Alexakis operates a real investigation of the word, the semiotics of the Greek word that goes with the autobiographical research and the search for identity of the writer. Words torture the author, they haunt him. Alexakis is obsessed with the word and the style, he is the tireless researcher of the word, their signifier and their signified. The author even conducts researches in all directions (he looks for the solution to the enigma and he will even ask Pythia at Delphi). In Vassilis Alexakis' novels, the word is transposed to the object, the cities, the streets, the people, the islands, the scents, the festivals, the customs, so distant things deeply rooted in memory of the author that they arise throughout his writing. We are facing a write-seeking phenomenon since the author tries to understand the meaning of life, and his own life, through the word and the autobiographical writing. In a retrospective knowledge of his existence, the author revisits Greece one more time due to his novels in the way to know it better. The meaning and the symbolism of Greek words acquire in Alexakis' novels an extraordinary importance for the author for the quest and the (re) knowledge of a buried truth and an original way to get back on his own life, that I will try to decode in this essay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper herein aims to discover, to track down the path of the francophone cultural products, the manner in which they are received by the Romanian audience, the impact they have, how they are grasped and included in the Romanian daily cultural habits. The francophone movement has always striven to become a common space where the peoples speaking French should be able to promote their cultural assets. Our endeavor is to examine the Romanian francophone space, starting from the idea that the youth has always preferred the alertness and simplicity of the American cultural products. Moreover, it is worth mentioning the effort that the Romanian francophone institutions has put into deflating this myth and promoting the current, modern French cultural products, little known in their current shape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The case Petkov was "one of the biggest political trials of the early Cold War", says Tontcho Karaboulkov, a Bulgarian author in his introduction to the play, Nicolas Petkov Must Die at Dawn, written in French and published in France, in 2008. This work describes what would have been the last days and the last hours of Nicolas Petkov, a Bulgarian politician, former member of the coalition of the "Fatherland Front" between 1944 and 1946. He was arrested on June 5, 1947, sentenced to death on August 16, 1947 and executed on September 23, 1947. The reported events are tragic. The intention is hagiographic. The trial was "prefab". It was a "comedy", a "fake trial", a "political assassination". Thus, Tontcho Karaboulkov builds an anti-trial to rehabilitate the memory of Nicolas Petkov. How does he describe the nature of the fake "Stalinist show trial"? How does he rebuild the portrait of an individual who is victim of unjustified accusations and an unjust verdict? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Franco-Ontarian identity as a linguistic group has deep historical roots and a significant numerical base. However, its location in a North American Anglo-Saxon dominated stronghold that not only looms largely in linguistic terms, but culturally, as well, presents special challenges as it pertains to retention and propagation of the language and culture. To address this concern, the province has achieved a collaborative effort of government and community-based initiatives to assure the future of the Ontarian francophonie. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Salah Guemriche'sDictionnaire des mots français d’origine arabe(2007) gathers French words that originally come from Arabic, putting them in the context of French literature, illustrating how Arabic has had a presence in French literature through various histories. Reading Assia Djebar's preface to this dictionary reveals anavette, or shuttle, between not only the linguistic sites of French and Arabic, but also a particularly trans-Mediterranean geographic space. Thenavetteas a reading strategy allows for a reading of the dictionary that can travel on, and between, texts and locations. Djebar's preface is compelling not only for its content, but also for its position as a narrative coming before that of the bilingual dictionary. Her membership in theAcadémie françaiserenders her an expert in French who is at once inside and outside multiple languages and nation-states. She offers up the bilingual tome as a hopeful site where“mots-passerelles”(“bridge-words”) are in constant movement or shuttling, and maintain the tension on the in-between spaces in, and of, the Mediterranean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Being a language of the miscellaneous, and the Other, the French language has an extraordinary ability to tell the complex reality of today's world and to unite it. The diverse and numerous World French literatures form a vast polyphonic panorama which contributes to a true revival of this literature. In the XXIth century, the writer feels less than ever to sing the part of the world where he lives or to live where the intrigues take place. The literary landscape of Maghreb alone offers a large panorama of French-speaking writers. Worthmentioning examples of well-known French-speaking writers are Najib Redouane and Ahmed Boroho representing Moroccan landscape, and Boualem Sansal, Rachid Boudjedra and Malika Mokeddem representing the Algerian one. These Maghrebian writers participate in the process of literary French and Francophone and compose an exceptional literature of French language. From Arabic to French, the passage of languages leaves place to the passage of texts and meeting between cultures and their projection in the writing trigger off well varied creative aesthetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper documents the new trend towards a first-language-first multilingual model in formal education in three former French colonies of West Africa, namely Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger. It compares the sociolinguistic situations, the conditions of the development of multilingual education and the achievements of mother-tongue-medium education in all three countries. The evidence is that, contrary to common discourse in francophonie, a strong first-language-first model in formal education is the best guarantee of a good mastery of French and, more generally, of quality education in francophone countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]