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ABSTRACT Objective Subjects and Methods Results Conclusions To assess the sclerostin, β‐catenin, and tryptase expression in fibro‐osseous lesions (FOL) of the jaws.Immunohistochemistry analysis was performed for these proteins on FOL and non‐lesional bone. The sclerostin‐positive cells were scored from 0 (no expression) to 3 (high expression).We analyzed 46 FOL biopsies and selected 38 patients. Categorization showed 15 fibrous dysplasia (FD), eight juvenile trabecular ossifying fibroma (JTOF), two psammomatoid ossifying fibroma (PsOF), and 13 FOL. We found more sclerostin‐positive cells in fibrous tissue than in bone, showing a phenotype like mast cells with strong dot‐cytoplasmic positivity. The analysis of sclerostin‐positive cell lesions (scored as 2 and 3) showed also tryptase positivity in 80.9% of 21 biopsies. β‐catenin was diffusely expressed on the fibrous component, mostly with cytosol staining. Non‐lesional bone showed sclerostin expression in medullary spaces and a few osteocytes.Sclerostin‐positive cells are mostly found in the fibrous tissue of FOL, and the tryptase mast cell marker was present in most of the lesions that were positive for sclerostin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fruit growing is important in the global agricultural economy, contributing significantly to food security, job creation, and rural development. With the advancement of technologies, mapping fruits using remote sensing and machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques has become an essential tool to optimize production, monitor crop health, and predict harvests with greater accuracy. This study was developed in four main stages. In the first stage, a comprehensive review of the existing literature was made from July 2018 (first article found) to June 2024, totaling 117 articles. In the second stage, a general analysis of the data obtained was made, such as the identification of the most studied fruits with the techniques of interest. In the third stage, a more in-depth analysis was made focusing on apples and grapes, with 27 and 30 articles, respectively. The analysis included the use of remote sensing (orbital and proximal) imagery and ML/DL algorithms to map crop areas, detect diseases, and monitor crop development, among other analyses. The fourth stage shows the data's potential application in a Southern Brazilian region, known for apple and grape production. This study demonstrates how the integration of modern technologies can transform fruit farming, promoting more sustainable and efficient agriculture through remote sensing and artificial intelligence technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To assess the effect of ventricular decompression on cerebral oxygenation in preterm neonates with intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) and posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation (PHVD) using near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Methods: Fifty‐three preterm neonates born <34 weeks' gestation between 2013 and 2023 with IVH and subsequent PHVD were prospectively included. Regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO2) as well as fractional cerebral tissue oxygen extraction (cFTOE) were analysed 2 weeks before and after ventricular decompression. Results: Ventricular decompression was performed at 18 ± 6 days of life. Patients with repeated lumbar punctures prior to ventricular drainage showed consistently higher rScO2 and lower cFTOE levels 2 weeks before and after intervention compared to those without. Patients who underwent direct ventricular drainage showed an immediate increase in rScO2 levels on the day of the procedure. In patients who underwent prior lumbar punctures, ventricular decompression did not yield additional acute effects on cerebral oxygenation. Conclusion: Patients who underwent repeated lumbar punctures preceding ventricular drainage consistently maintained higher rScO2 and lower cFTOE levels during the study period. In these patients, ventricular decompression did not further affect cerebral oxygenation, as they already demonstrated improved cerebral hemodynamics, whereas an immediate improvement was observed in those without prior lumbar punctures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growth mindset has gained educators’ attention in order to shape students’ self-beliefs about their intelligence. However, research findings lack consensus on using a growth mindset to improve student outcomes. Therefore, the current study explored the pedagogical practices of selected primary school teachers intending to foster a growth mindset in their students. Using a qualitative approach, the study analysed narrative data obtained through semi-structured interviews with nine primary school teachers from Pahang, Malaysia. The results of the hybrid thematic analysis revealed five main themes: teachers’ growth mindset beliefs; process-focused teaching and learning practices; dealing positively with students’ mistakes; explicit use of growth mindset language to promote learning; and creating purposeful challenges that are consistent with the growth mindset theory, and also three district pedagogical practices that are not espoused in the growth mindset theory. The findings of the study shed light on the growth mindset attributes that teachers need to incorporate into their teaching to foster a growth mindset in students. Implications for practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mixed metal oxide (MMO) nanoparticles (NPs) are hybrids consisting of two or more nanoscale metal oxides. Advantages of MMO NPs over single metal oxides include improved catalytic activity, enhanced electrical and magnetic properties, and increased thermal stability due to the synergy of the different oxide components. This study presents a novel fabrication route for TiO2‐CeO2 NPs enriched with oxygen vacancies using a Haberland‐type gas aggregation cluster source. The NPs, deposited from different segmented Ti/Ce targets under varying O2 addition, were examined with respect to final composition, morphology, and Ti, Ce surface oxidation states. Particle formation mechanisms are proposed for the observed morphologies. Additionally, available O2 during deposition and its impact on the formation of defective sites were investigated. Defective sites in TiO2‐CeO2 NPs were analyzed using transfer to X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy without contact to ambient oxygen. The incorporation of Ce to the target exhibits synergistic effects on the synthesis process. Segmented Ti/Ce targets enable the deposition of a broad range of mixed oxide NPs with diverse compositions and morphologies at considerably enhanced deposition rates, which is vital for practical applications. The presented fabrication approach is expected to be applicable for a broad variety of MMO NPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monoculture of pine alters the soil fauna community structure, but forest farms, mixed with natural areas, are restoring the original vegetation to protect, the diversity and ecosystem functions. In restoration initiatives it is necessary to consider the soil fauna. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate how the process of restoration of the soil community occurs over time in areas after pine harvesting. Areas in natural regeneration with 4 and 10 years, pine plantations adjacent to these areas (representing previous use), and areas of natural forest (reference) were evaluated, it was evaluated three areas per treatment, with six sampling points spaced 30 m apart, totalling 18 sampling points for each treatment (n = 18). Soil mesofauna and macrofauna were collected through soil monoliths and pitfall traps. The comparison of the statistical analysis was to check for changes in the soil fauna over time (4 and 10 years) compared with that observed in secondary forest areas. The study showed that, along the natural regeneration time (4 and 10 years), it was observed increments in the diversity and evenness of the soil community and a reduction in the dominance of groups like Formicidae and increases in the community structure complexity with the resurgence of micropredators/regulators (Collembola and Acari), litter transformers (Oligochaeta, Diplopoda, Blattodea, Coleoptera (Larva), Diptera (Larva) and Coleoptera) and predators (Pseudoscorpiones, Opiliones, Symphyla and Coleoptera) after 10 years of natural regeneration, the areas have already recovered groups with important ecosystem functions, but are not yet at the level of abundance, functional diversity and community structure of native forest areas. The 4‐ and 10‐year regeneration areas present major number of soil fauna groups of native forest (20 groups in regeneration areas and 17 in the native forest areas). Even so, the forest showed a major complexity of soil fauna community structure, evidenced by the diversity. This study contributes to the understanding of natural regeneration for soil fauna along a temporal gradient and these findings can guide the conservation of regional soil fauna diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractBackgroundObjectivesMethodsResultsConclusionsClostridioides difficile is a major burden for both healthcare systems and the patients. Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is becoming more common as a treatment since it reduces the risk of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI).To evaluate how treatment with FMT is affecting the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with rCDI.A prospective observational cohort study was conducted where patients who were offered FMT as a treatment for rCDI were asked to fill in a questionnaire based on the Short Health Scale (SHS) and EuroQol 5-Dimensions 5-Levels (EQ-5D-5L) about their HRQoL before and after treatment.Patients with rCDI had poor HRQoL, which improved following FMT.Since FMT cures, reduces the risk of new recurrences of CDI and improves the HRQoL of the patients, it should be offered as a treatment for patients with rCDI. Also, SHS is a useful and reliable instrument for measuring HRQoL in patients with rCDI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Previous studies on charitable giving have emphasized the importance of socioeconomic status in explaining why individuals choose to donate or not to donate money. Other explanations, such as social capital or local contexts, have also been investigated, but these perspectives are rarely combined and tested against an actual behavioral outcome measure. We seek to compare the statistical importance of these explanations for individual‐level donation decisions. Methods: Our study investigates survey respondents' choices to repeatedly donate their earned incentive after a completed interview in the three waves of the Immigrant German Election Study II from 2021. In each wave, respondents were offered an incentive worth 10 euros, which they could either keep as a gift card or donate to the local food bank. This decision is a measurement of real rather than self‐reported donation behavior. We combine individual‐level variables and neighborhood‐level variables that capture the heterogeneity of our sample to systematically compare explanations for this donation decision. Results: We find that the respondents' self‐assessed economic situation and sociopolitical preferences in favor of more social spending by the state, rather than the respondents' objective socioeconomic status, have strong positive effects on the total amount donated throughout the survey. Conclusion: Not the rich per se, but those who think they are doing well economically, and who are on the redistributive left, give more to others. These findings remain robust after controlling for the strong heterogeneity of our sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Dirofilariosis, a zoonotic mosquito-borne disease, remains an under-studied condition in several areas of Brazil, despite its long-standing presence. This review aims to draw together prevalence data from epidemiological studies and case reports conducted in dogs over the last decade and in cats, wildlife, and humans over the last twenty years to define the distribution and prevalence of Dirofilaria spp. within the country and highlight the challenges associated with its diagnosis, treatment, and control. While Dirofilaria immitis is the main species circulating in Brazil, concerns have been raised in recent years about the presence of genetically distinct strains that may be more virulent than their Old World counterparts. In light of this and the widespread distribution of the parasite among both Brazilian coastal and non-coastal areas, further studies are required to characterise the disease. Additionally, there is a need to increase awareness of this neglected disease among health professionals in Brazil and to understand and minimise its impact on both veterinary and public health. Brazil's extensive coastline, tropical and subtropical climate, and well-preserved environment represent a conducive setting for dirofilariosis, a zoonotic mosquito-borne disease. Although this condition has long been recognised in the country, it has been relatively under-studied, and it is currently considered to be an emerging disease. Diagnosis, treatment, and control remain challenging due to the extensive gaps in knowledge. In order to help address this issue, this review aims to (i) summarise the available literature on the distribution of Dirofilaria spp. in Brazilian dogs over the last decade, (ii) review case reports of dirofilariosis in cats, wild animals, and humans over the last twenty years, and (iii) highlight the benefits of taking a One Health approach to managing this disease. While there have been several prevalence studies in dogs, disease distribution is poorly characterised in cats, and little is known about the occurrence of the parasite in wildlife. Human cases are sporadically reported, and no large-scale studies have been undertaken to date. Evidence indicates that Dirofilaria immitis is the main species circulating in Brazil, although Dirofilaria repens has also been detected. Molecular studies have also suggested the circulation of a highly virulent form of D. immitis, which may be genetically distinct from those of the Old World. A programme of epidemiological, ecological, genomic, and pathogenicity-based studies is required to quantify the impact of dirofilariosis in Brazil on both veterinary and public health and to inform others on its control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For hard-to-survey populations such as ethnic minorities and immigrants, increasing survey response rates is a crucial element of the fieldwork as these populations often show a higher likelihood of not participating compared with the native population. However, no study has so far compared different strategies for mobilisation within this group. Using data from the Immigrant German Election Study II, this experiment systematically compares the effects of home visits and postal reminders for the mobilisation of immigrant-origin non-respondents (i.e. persons classified as being from Turkey or from the former Soviet Union and its successor states) from a randomly drawn sample regarding the likelihood of participation in the first wave, signing up for a multi-wave panel, and taking part in all three panel waves. Multivariate analyses show that those in the treated home-visit group were more likely to take part in all stages of the survey design. Even though costs are higher than conventional postal reminders, home visits might be a useful strategy for cases in which increasing the response rate is an important goal, given a fixed, small number of potential respondents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We use synchrotron x-ray tomography of annual growth increments in the dental cementum of mammaliaforms (stem and crown fossil mammals) from three faunas across the Jurassic to map the origin of patterns of mammalian growth patterns, which are intrinsically related to mammalian endothermy. Although all fossils studied exhibited slower growth rates, longer life spans, and delayed sexual maturity relative to comparably sized extant mammals, the earliest crown mammals developed significantly faster growth rates in early life that reduced at sexual maturity, compared to stem mammaliaforms. Estimation of basal metabolic rates (BMRs) suggests that some fossil crown mammals had BMRs approaching the lowest rates of extant mammals. We suggest that mammalian growth patterns first evolved during their mid-Jurassic adaptive radiation, although growth remained slower than in extant mammals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is often comorbid with other medical conditions in adult patients. However, ADHD is extremely underdiagnosed in adults and little is known about the medical comorbidities in undiagnosed adult individuals with high ADHD liability. In this study we investigated associations between ADHD genetic liability and electronic health record (EHR)-based ICD-10 diagnoses across all diagnostic categories, in individuals without ADHD diagnosis history. Methods We used data from the Estonian Biobank cohort (N = 111 261) and generated polygenic risk scores (PRS) for ADHD (PRS ADHD) based on the ADHD genome-wide association study. We performed a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) to test for associations between standardized PRS ADHD and 1515 EHR-based ICD-10 diagnoses in the full and sex-stratified sample. We compared the observed significant ICD-10 associations to associations with (1) ADHD diagnosis and (2) questionnaire-based high ADHD risk analyses. Results After Bonferroni correction (p = 3.3 × 10 −5) we identified 80 medical conditions associated with PRS ADHD. The strongest evidence was seen with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR 1.15, CI 1.11–1.18), obesity (OR 1.13, CI 1.11–1.15), and type 2 diabetes (OR 1.11, CI 1.09–1.14). Sex-stratified analysis generally showed similar associations in males and females. Out of all identified associations, 40% and 78% were also observed using ADHD diagnosis or questionnaire-based ADHD, respectively, as the predictor. Conclusions Overall our findings indicate that ADHD genetic liability is associated with an increased risk of a substantial number of medical conditions in undiagnosed individuals. These results highlight the need for timely detection and improved management of ADHD symptoms in adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prediction of manoeuvring performance for safe navigation and effective design of ships increasingly depends on artificial intelligence (AI), mainly digital twin technology. This technology requires a digital model of the physical ship. The hydrodynamic coefficients and parameters of these models are commonly obtained through two experimental methods: the planar motion mechanism (PMM) and the circular motion test (CMT). These methods are time-consuming and expensive, which may not be feasible during the early stages of the design process. This study investigates a cost-effective alternative approach to these methods by implementing a grey box method on ships. For the first of these implementations, a full-scale tanker ship was applied with artificial training data of zigzag manoeuvres. A validation study was carried out by comparing the simulation and free-running model test results of the tanker. For the second of these implementations, a scale model of a car carrier was selected, and several numerical search methods were combined to obtain a more accurate digital model. The 3-degree-of-freedom (DOF) Manoeuvring Modelling Group (MMG) models identified through this combination were validated with simulations and compared with the free-running model test results for various manoeuvres. The contribution of this study lies in the accurate capture of the manoeuvring characteristics of the physical model, which is achieved through the use of the adjustment interval and the combination of various numerical search method of the grey box method. Consequently, the developed model can be used in future studies as a faster decision-making tool for determining the straight-line stability or instability of a ship in the ship design and in predicting the manoeuvring performance of the ship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rebecca Clarke, who was an active viola performer during her lifetime and had an extremely brilliant career, also took her place in history as one of the main composers of the 20th century British music school. Although she faced difficulties as a female composer and most of her works were published almost close to the present day, she made a significant contribution to the development of the viola repertoire, which had limited works at that time, with the viola works she wrote. Written by Rebecca Clarke in one movement and named after Morpheus, the God of Dreams in Greek mythology, and revealing the impressionist style of the composer, the work perfectly synthesizes all the features of the technical and musical dominance of the viola and is frequently performed in concerts as it has an important place in the repertoire of today's viola performers. In this study, the events in Rebecca Clarke’s life that influenced her creativity and the composition style that developed after them were discussed, and it was aimed to make the composer's musical style and "Morpheus" known by examining it and to contribute to a more conscious interpretation of violists who want to perform the work in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physalis peruviana holds significant economic value, making it crucial to determine optimal cultivation conditions, particularly concerning seed germination under varying water and temperature conditions. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the impacts of heat and water stress on the germination and vigor of P. peruviana seeds. The study was divided into two trials: the first examined the effect of constant temperatures of 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 °C and alternating temperatures of 20 °C during the dark period and 30 °C during the light period (control) on seed germination and vigor. The second trial investigated germination and vigor under different water and thermal conditions using various osmotic potentials (0; −0.3; −0.6; and −0.9 MPa) and two temperatures (constant 30 °C and alternating 20 °C during the dark period and 30 °C during the light period). Both trials used a 16 h photoperiod. The germination tests revealed optimal (30 °C), moderate (20/30 °C), minimal (20 °C), and inhibited (40 °C) temperatures for the species' germination. It was found that the first germination count could be conducted on the seventh day after sowing. Low water availability had negative effects on seed germination and vigor, especially at osmotic potentials below −0.45 and −0.61 MPa, combined with temperatures of 30 and 20/30 °C, respectively. Severe water stress, with osmotic potentials equal to or below −0.9 MPa, completely inhibited seed germination and vigor. Reduction in water potential and increased temperature resulted in a significant decrease in the percentage, speed, and quality of P. peruviana germination. These findings indicate that the species does not tolerate extreme temperatures, whether low (less than 15 °C) or high (greater than 35 °C), nor water stress with osmotic potentials lower than −0.45 MPa, much less the combination of these factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the role of blood and lymphatic microvascular density in the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Materials and Methods: The sample was composed of 54 cases of OSCC. The immunoexpression to anti‐alpha‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) and to anti‐endoglin (CD105) was used to determine the microvessel density (MVD); anti‐podoplanin (D2‐40) was used to assess the lymphatic vessel density (LVD); vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was evaluated in malignant cells. The histological differentiation, the worst pattern of invasion (WPOI), tumour thickness and tumour budding (TB) intensity were assessed using haematoxylin–eosin and anti‐pan‐cytokeratin (AE1/AE3). Patients' age and sex, TNM classification and follow‐up time were collected from the medical records. Results: MVD markers presented a similar pattern of expression in blood vessels. However, only α‐SMA + MVD was significantly higher among women and in tumours ≤4 cm. LVD was lower in tumours with lymph node metastasis. Regarding the histological parameters, high TB intensity was associated with histological differentiation, advanced clinical stage, greater tumour thickness and reduced disease‐free survival. No difference was found in VEGF. Conclusions: The decrease in OSCC LVD could be related to pathological node involvement, whereas high TB intensity could indicate OSCC progression and worse patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stunting is a community health problem with significant impacts. The estimated prevalence rate of stunting was 24.4% in Indonesia and 25.7% in the Berau Regency. Stunting is a growth disorder caused by chronic malnutrition during the first 1,000 days of life. It is characterized by a height-for-age Z-score below -2 standard deviations from the child growth standards median of the World Health Organization, an insufficient growth rate, and a reduced potential final height. The contributing factors to stunting include maternal variables, as mothers are the primary caregivers. The objective of this study was to determine the factors for stunting and specifically investigate if there is a relationship between maternal employment and stunting in the Maratua District of Berau, Indonesia. This study used a cross-sectional research design. The sample size was determined using the Sample Size Calculator from the World Health Organization for a two-sided test (α = 0.05; β = 0.2; p1 = 0.63; p2 = 0.25; 95% CI). The data were collected from the nutrition report and anthropometric measurements at Maratua Primary Healthcare Center. The research was carried out at the Integrated Health Posts (Pos Layanan Terpadu/Posyandu) in the Maratua District. The toddlers (n = 56) were examined with their parental consent. Toddlers with overnutrition, obesity, and acute infectious diseases were excluded from this study. The data were processed using Chi-square and Fisher tests (p < 0.05). In the analysis, no significant relationship was found between stunting and maternal employment. However, the results revealed that fathers who were not fishermen had a 6.3 times greater risk of having stunted toddlers compared to fathers who worked as fishermen. Fathers with a junior high school degree showed a 6.1 times higher risk of having stunted toddlers than fathers with different educational levels. In conclusion, stunting in the Maratua District is associated with the fathers' educational attainment and employment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the global restrictions to decrease the risk of infection in classrooms, the transition from face-to-face education to distance learning was a necessity during the Covid-19 pandemic. Grounded in Self-Determination Theory, the present research sought to explore how the pandemic affects university students during distance learning. Specifically, the study examined the predictors of pressure/tension and attempted to identify the unique and mediator roles of correlates of pressure/tension of university students. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 432 university students from different departments of different universities in Turkey. The online survey was administered between the last week of October and the second week of December 2020. Our findings revealed that there is a positive association between pressure/tension and Covid-specific worry. Also, there is a negative association between learning climate and pressure/tension and between perceived competence and pressure/tension. Further, learning climate mediated the link between Covid-specific worry and pressure/tension. The data of the present study depends on students' academic (learning climate) and also non-academic (Covid worry) experiences during the pandemic. Methodological limitations concerning the research design are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article claims to analyze Cartas a Uma Negra (1978), written by the Martinican Françoise Ega, which consists of the identification between life stories and epistolary dialogue idealized with the Brazilian writer Carolina Maria de Jesus (Quarto de Despejo), starting from the structural definition of intersectionality as a reference for investigation and reflections on domestic work as an instrument of power relations, inferiorization and domination of black Antillean domestic workers, in France in the 1960s. The results obtained consist of the observation of the weight's similarity of the discriminatory and exclusionary processes that afflict black women in different parts of the world. The construction of this research was carried out through research and bibliographical review whose purpose, through feminist literary criticism, applying in this study the work of authors dedicated to intersectional studies, such as, among others, Akotirene (2019), Collins and Bilge (2020), Crenshaw (2019) and Davis (2016). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The liberica coffee (Coffea liberica L. cv. Liberica Tungkal Composite) is a type of coffee that has been widely developed in the lowland areas of Jambi Province, Indonesia specifically in West Tanjung Jabung and East Tanjung Jabung Regencies. However, the mother tree of liberica coffee is old and attacked by many diseases, so that a fast seed propagation technique, tissue culture is an efficient plant propagation technique. This study aims to examine the interaction of auxin and cytokinin concentrations that are most optimal for the induction of somatic embryogenesis of liberica coffee. The experiment used a completely randomized design factorial pattern with 2 factors, the first factor was auxin 2,4-D and the second factor was cytokinin 2-iP treatment. The results revealed that application of different dosage of growth regulators 2,4-D and 2-iP in the forming of somatic embryogenesis of liberica coffee showed an interaction with the observational variables of span time for callus proliferation, percentage of explant forming callus, and callus size. The balanced application of growth regulators 2,4-D and 2-iP was able to induce the formation of somatic embryogenesis from liberica coffee immature leaf explants. The most optimal interaction for the development of embryo stages from globular, heart and torpedo is 5 µM 2,4-D + 5 µM 2-iP treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study seeks to analyze water consumption and promote water conservation measures in universities through a case study conducted at the University of Pernambuco, Brazil. The methodology consisted of collecting data on water consumption over six years, auditing plumbing fixtures, developing and applying questionnaires to evaluate water user behaviors, determining the technical and financial feasibility of replacing water appliances, and proposing indicators to diagnose and monitor the improvements made on campus, aiming at the sustainable use of water. The results showed that per capita water consumption could be reduced by more than 50% through accessible measures, such as daily consumption monitoring. By replacing faucets and toilets, 18% savings in monthly water consumption would also be possible. The User Perception Index estimated showed that water was still wastefully used in various activities, further demonstrating the importance of engaging the academic community regarding implementing a water conservation program on campus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed at determining the effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Antagonistic Rhizosphere Fungi (ARF) on growth of Coffea liberica seedlings in peat soils. Eight AMF isolates (without AMF, Glomus sp.-1a, Glomus sp.-3c, Acaulospora sp.-1b, Acaulospora sp.-2d, Glomus sp.-1a + Glomus sp.-3c, Acaulospora sp.-1b + Acaulospora sp.-2d, and mixtures of Glomus sp.-1a + Glomus sp.-3c + Acaulospora sp.-1b + Acaulospora sp.-2d) were combined with five ARF types (without ARF, Trichoderma sp., Aspergillus sp., Gliocladium sp., and Penicillium sp.). Data were collected on the following variables: seedling height, leaf number, stem diameter, shoot and root dry weight, N and P uptake, and root infection by AMF. Results indicated that Trichoderma sp., in combination with various types of AMF, was the best ARF in promoting C. liberica seedling growth and increasing N and P uptake. On the other hand, the mixture of Glomus sp.-1a + Glomus sp.-3c combined with various types of ARF was the best AMF in promoting seedling growth and increasing N and P uptake. It can be concluded that Trichoderma sp. and the mixture of Glomus sp-1a and Glomus sp-3c were best combination to be applied to promote the C. liberica seedlings grown in peat soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relative risk reduction of cardiovascular events is proportional to the absolute reduction in LDL-C levels, the primary target of therapy, no matter the way of reduction. During the last decades, the therapeutic regimens for reducing the LDL-C levels have been immerged and improved, with favorable effects on the atherosclerotic process and clinical benefits of various cardiovascular outcomes. From a practical view of point, this review is focusing only on the current available lipid lowering agents: statins, ezetimibe, anti PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies, the small interfering RNA (siRNA) agent, Inclisiran, and Bempedoic acid. The recent changes in lipid lowering regimens, including the early combination of lipid lowering agents and "Low LDL-C" levels <30 mg/dL for high/very high cardiovascular risk patients will also be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrated crop-livestock-forestry systems are promising alternatives to landscape impoverishment caused by monoculture systems. However, nutrient management in integrated systems still needs to be more comprehensively resolved. As soil microbial biomass (MB) is a soil nutrient reservoir that can contribute to crop nutrition, this study aimed to understand the relationship between C and N of soil MB (CMB and NMB, respectively), N nutrition index (NNI), and crop yield in monoculture and integrated crop-forestry, crop-livestock, and crop-livestock-forestry systems to propose management strategies for N-fertilization in these systems. The systems were established in an experiment conducted in 2012 at the Center for Technological Innovation in Agriculture (Portuguese acronym: NITA) under a randomized block design with three repetitions using crop (maize), livestock (Angus beef cattle), and forestry (eucalyptus) components. Measurements were performed in 2019. The systems showed satisfactory CMB and NMB values; however, the crop-forestry system presented higher CMB (338.7 mg kg−¹) compared with that of the monoculture system (272.7 mg kg−¹). NMB was increased by 22% after N-fertilization in all systems, and it was higher in the crop-livestock and crop-livestock-forestry systems probably as a result of the deposition of N-rich livestock urine. N-fertilization also increased crop yield and NNI in the monoculture system, but not in the crop-forestry system, probably because trees formed a shady ecosystem that limited plant growth. Thus, the results indicate that N-fertilization tables should consider the specific edaphoclimatic conditions of integrated crop-livestock-forestry systems to avoid excessive N-fertilization rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study was conducted to determine the effect of the interactive training about family planning given to married women on family planning attitudes. Material and Method: The study was quasi-experimental; the sample consisted of 60 women who met the sampling criteria. The Family Planning Attitude Scale was applied to the married women who agreed to participate in the study, with a questionnaire created by the researcher. After the pretest was applied to the women, educational material was created, interactive training was given, and posttest was applied. The IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program version package program was used to evaluate the data of the study. Results: The scores of the women before the training are 47.40±11.98 as the sub-dimension regarding society, 40.57±8.80 as the sub-dimension regarding the method, 27.30±6.93 as the sub-dimension regarding pregnancy, and 115.27±24.46 as sub-dimension regarding total family planning attitude scale. The scores of the women in the posttest applied after the training; sub-dimension for society was 47.88±9.40, the sub-dimension 48.75±5.71 for method, 31.08±5.38 for pregnancy, and the total score for the family planning attitude scale was 127.72±17.07. The difference between the pretest and posttest mean scores of the women’s total family planning attitude scale, contraceptive methods, and subscales related to pregnancy is statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: It was determined that the difference between the attitude towards pregnancy subscale according to the contraceptive use status of the women was significant. Women who use family planning methods have a higher attitude towards pregnancy. Women are thought to develop a positive attitude towards contraceptive use as their knowledge about contraceptive methods increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corruption is one of the main problems for the Indonesian economy. However, many cases of corruption crime were categorized not as criminal acts, but in the realm of civil law, in this case, unlawful acts. This study aims to analyze the evidentiary process and the classification of unlawful acts in corruption cases resulting in acquittals (ontslag van alle rechtsvervolging). The research method was carried out using normative juridical and empirical juridical approaches with descriptiveanalytical research specifications. It is also supported by field research in the form of interview results which are then processed qualitatively to produce research that is described descriptively. The results of this study show that, there are several acts that are not categorized as a crime because the unlawful act is not against statutory regulations but against the subjective rights of people. and the legal obligations of the perpetrator that resulted in the act being categorized as an unlawful act in the realm of civil law so the court decided to acquit the defendant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia. Diabetes mellitus is a silent killer because sufferers are often not aware of it when it is realized, complications have occurred. Treatment for this disease must be done for life to control blood sugar in the body; however, oral antidiabetic drugs often produce unwanted side effects such as bloating, diarrhea, and stomach cramps. One of the treatments for diabetes is to find sources of treatment using natural ingredients that are relatively safe, including using plants as medicines. Based on several studies, Binahong leaves (Anredera cordifolia Ten. Steenis), brotowali (Tinospora crispa L.), and cherry (Muntingia calabura L.) are medicinal plants that can be used to reduce blood sugar levels. This study aims to test the antidiabetic activity using in vivo and in vitro testing methods of extracts of binahong leaves, cherry leaves, brotowali stems and their combinations. Methods: In vivo method uses animal modeling of insulin deficiency, whereas in vitro method with alpha glycosidase inhibition activity assay. The administration of extracts was repeated every day for 14 days and blood glucose levels were measured on the 0, 7th, and 14th days. Then surgery was performed on the pancreas and calculated the area of the islets of Langerhans, and the number of alpha and beta cells in the pancreas. The inhibitory activity of the alpha-glucosidase enzyme with the IC50 value of each extract and its combination was determined, with acarbose used as a standard. Result: The combination of binahong leaves (Anredera cordifolia Ten. Steenis) and cherry leaves (Muntingia calabura L.) and the combination of brotowali stems (Tinospora crispa (L.) and binahong leaves showed in vivo antidiabetic activity with insulin deficiency method. The combination of these extracts was able to reduce blood sugar levels until the observation on day 14. In in vitro testing by inhibiting alpha-glucosidase enzymes, binahong leaves extract, brotowali stems, and cherry leaves were able to inhibit alpha-glucosidase enzymes at IC50 of 35.07 ± 2.35; 29.42 ± 1.40; and 26.63 ± 1.15, respectively. Conclusion: The best combination of extracts by in vitro and in vivo methods was shown in the combination of binahong leaf and brotowal stem extract binahong leaves, brotowali stems (2:1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the emerging use of anti-PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies for lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, real-world evidence (RWE) is needed to evaluate drug effectiveness. This study aimed to characterize new users of alirocumab and evaluate its effectiveness in achieving LDL-C target levels. Included were patients initiating treatment with alirocumab from 1 August 2016 to 1 May 2020, with blood lipids evaluations during baseline (180 days prior to therapy initiation) and after 120 (±60) days of follow-up. Patients with treatment intensification during the follow-up period were excluded. LDL-C change from baseline and reaching LDL-C target levels, according to 2019 ESC/EAS guidelines, were evaluated. Among 623 included patients, 50.2% were men, the mean age was 65 years (±9 y), 62% were classified as very-high risk, and 76% had statin intolerance. During the follow-up, 65% (n = 407) were treated only with alirocumab. In 90% the initiation dose was 75 mg, and 21% were up-titrated. Alirocumab was associated with a 31.7% reduction in LDL-C, with 20.5% of patients reaching target levels. In this RWE study, alirocumab was used primarily as a single agent for eligible patients. Suboptimal use and adherence to therapy may have led to a lower LDL-C reduction compared to previous RCTs and most reported real-world studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the effects of natural extracts on chicken breast fillet marinades regarding the physicochemical properties, oxidative stability, and the Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli inhibition during 21 days of storage. Chicken breast fillets (Pectoralis major) (128 units) purchased in a local market, were used, allocated in a completely randomized block design, in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme (antioxidant x storage time), totalling 16 treatments with eight replicates. The TBARS and the pH values were not influenced by the analyzed factors. For the color results, the values of L* and b* were lower in the marinated chicken breast fillets with basil and BHT, respectively. When assessing the effect of storage time, an increase in oxidation was observed up to 21 days of storage. For pH, a quadratic decrease after storage with an increase in the pH value from the 11th day of storage was observed. In the color results, there was a linear decrease in the L* value during the storage period and in the value of b* a quadratic effect was observed with a reduction of this intensity up to 21 days of storage. In relation to the value of a*, a quadratic effect with an increase in the red intensity from the 7 days of storage was observed. For the counting of the S. aureus, the treatments presented 102 CFU/g up to 14 days, except for the basil which exceeded the limit established by the legislation at 14 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transnational political interest is the sustained attention to politics in at least two polities. Why do some immigrant-origin citizens show high levels of political interest in both their host countries and their familial countries of origin, some none, and others favour one over the other? With the 2017 Immigrant German Election Study, we describe the diverse patterns of transnational political interest among Germans from Turkey and their children, one of the largest immigrant-origin communities. We explicitly focus on the effects of three dimensions of integration and reveal that social integration has, by far, the strongest association with mean political interest. In addition, all dimensions of integration tilt the focus of political interest in favour of German politics, effects that are mediated by the individual identification with Germany and Turkey. Integration thus seems to activate immigrant-origin citizens into politics in general but tilts their transnational political interest towards host country politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heat stress during plant growing cycle is a critical factor affecting wheat production. The primary objective of this research is to assess the impact of heat stress on key agronomic traits of durum wheat, including grain yield, heading time, plant height, chlorophyll content (SPAD), leaf area index (LAI), normalized vegetation difference index (NDVI), and ground cover ratio. The study was conducted over two consecutive cropping seasons (2019 and 2020) under rain-fed conditions. Twenty durum wheat lines and varieties were used as the research materials. The genotypes experienced significant heat stress from vegatative to reproductive period. Heat stress during plant growth is critical for wheat grain yield and quality but heat stress effects vary between genotypes depending on their stress tolerance level. The study demonstrated the potential of NDVI as a reliable indicator that can be used to evaluate the crop yield performance under temperature stress conditions. This supported by strong relationships between grain yield and NDVI. The association of estimated maximum ground cover (EMC) with earliness indicates that early soil surface closure is related to rapid growth rate. According to ground cover estimations, early ground cover and fast plant growth were related to earliness and plant height, respectively. This study reveals significance of identifying and selecting durum wheat genotypes with good stability under heat stress, aiming to development of heat-tolerant varieties and ensuring more stable wheat production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mixed Metal Oxide NanoparticlesIn article number 2400305, Lorenz Kienle, Salih Veziroglu, and co‐workers introduce a revolutionary single‐step fabrication of TiOx‐CeOx nanoparticles. Using a gas aggregation cluster source with a segmented Ti/Ce target, we achieve diverse compositions and enhanced deposition rates, crucial for practical applications..By Marie Elis; Tim Tjardts; Josiah Ngenev Shondo; Ainura Aliyeva; Alexander Vahl; Ulrich Schürmann; Thomas Strunskus; Franz Faupel; Cenk Aktas; Lorenz Kienle and Salih VezirogluReported by Author; Author; Author; Author; Author; Author; Author; Author; Author; Author; Author [Extracted from the article]

This study aims to verify the influence of the pandemic on the economic and financial results of the companies included in the health sub-sectors of B3. The sample consisted of 22 companies with data treated by test Wilcoxon and panel regression. The results indicate that the firms were able to meet their short- and long-term obligations. The medical services subsector (hospitals, analysis, and diagnostics) showing the worst results with significant increase in third-party capital and a reduction in net margin and profitability. This study expands on the scarce literature on the health sector, which is critical to the well-being and economy of Brazilians and evidence to stakeholders that economic-financial results differs between subsectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the economic-financial and operational performance of Health Plan Operators (HPO), before (3Q2018-4Q2019) and during the pandemic (1Q2020-2Q2021) under the theory of institutional isomorphism. Method: This is descriptive documentary research that uses statistical techniques to compare medians (Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis) and correlation (Spearman) between performance and socioeconomic indicators, considering the five Health Plan Operators (HPO) with the largest number of beneficiaries. Results: A statistically significant reduction was observed, after the beginning of the pandemic, for the indicators of profitability, expenses, cost variation, and financial result. On the other hand, there was a growth in current liquidity and an increase in the mean receipt timeframe of payments (CRPM) and event payment (PMPE). The performance comparison shows that in the pandemic, profitability and PMPE were no longer significantly different. As for the association between the variables, the unemployment rate shows the highest number of relationships with the performance indices. Theoretical/methodological contributions: Highlights the performance of the five largest OPS, considering the Sars-Cov-2 pandemic period, considering that these companies can be directly affected by the potential increase in demand for health care by their beneficiaries. By the theoretical prism of institutional isomorphism, these companies are references for the sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we obtain how to construct finite limits and colimits for 2-crossed R-Modules over groups denoted with X²Mod/R. We give direct construction of the pullback object to show that this category has finite products over the terminal object. We also show finite coproducts and (co)completeness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Algebraic models of connected homotopy 3‐types such as quadratic modules, 2‐crossed modules, crossed squares, and their relations are studied in various ways. In this work, we obtain another natural equivalence for quadratic modules. That is, we define functors between quadratic modules and our candidate category. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the proportion of young (up to 45 years of age) and older (over 45 years of age) oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients who report tobacco and alcohol consumption. Methods: Observational studies reporting tobacco and alcohol consumption among young and older OSCC patients were selected in a two-phase process. Search strategies were conducted on five main electronic databases and complemented by grey literature. The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute's Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data. Synthesis of results was calculated with the software R Statistics version 4.0.2 (The R Foundation). Results: From 6675 records identified, 38 studies met the eligibility criteria and were selected for qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis, encompassing 2439 young and 13,393 older patients. Tobacco smoking was reported by 39.5% (confidence interval (CI) = 31.7% to 47.9%, I2 = 78%) of the young patients and 48.4% (CI = 37.8% to 59.2%, I2 = 94%) of the older patients. Alcohol consumption was reported by 30.9% (CI = 22.7% to 40.5%, I2 = 83%) of the young and 45.8% (CI = 35.6% to 56.5%, I2 = 95%) of the older patients (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The comparison in the proportion of individuals reporting tobacco and alcohol consumption demonstrated that these habits were more prevalent in the older group (48.4% and 45.8% respectively) than in the young group (39.5% and 30.9%, respectively). Clinical relevance: As a significant proportion of patients with OSCC reported no habits, novel risk factors for OSCC need to be investigated in further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To discuss the impact of depression on work and how depression-related sick leave duration could be a potential indicator and outcome for measuring functionality in depression. Methods: Our review was based on a literature search and expert opinion that emerged during a virtual meeting of European psychiatrists that was convened to discuss this topic. Results: Current evidence demonstrates that depression-related sick leave duration is influenced by multiple disease-, patient- and work-related factors, together with societal attitudes towards depression and socioeconomic conditions. A wide variety of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments and work-based interventions are effective in reducing depression-related sick leave duration and/or facilitating return to work. Recent real-world evidence showed that patients treated with antidepressant monotherapy appear to recover their working life faster than those receiving combination therapy. Although depression-related sick leave duration was found to correlate with severity of depressive symptoms, it cannot be used alone as a viable marker for disease severity. Conclusions: Given its multifactorial nature, depression-related sick leave duration is not on its own a viable outcome measure of depression severity but could be used as a secondary outcome alongside more formal severity measures and may also represent a useful measure of functionality in depression. Depression in the working population and depression-related sick leave have a profound economic impact on society Depression-related sick leave duration is influenced by multiple disease-, patient- and work-related factors, together with societal attitudes towards depression and socioeconomic conditions A wide variety of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments and work-based interventions have been shown to be effective in reducing depression-related sick leave duration and/or facilitating return to work In terms of pharmacological intervention, recent real-world evidence has shown that patients treated with antidepressant monotherapy are able to recover their working life faster than those treated with combination therapy Although depression-related sick leave duration has been shown to correlate with severity of depressive symptoms, it is not a viable outcome measure of depression severity on its own, but could be used as secondary outcome alongside more formal clinician- and patient-rated severity measures Depression-related sick leave duration may, however, represent a viable outcome for measuring functionality in depression [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]