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Objective: Few studies investigated the influence of oral parafunctional habits during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Since some studies have demonstrated that signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorder (TMD), as well as psychological alterations, increased during the COVID‐19 pandemic lockdown, the aim of this study was to investigate whether social isolation is a situation that increases the prevalence of oral parafunctional habits. Methods: This was an observational case–control study. An online survey with questions about TMD symptoms (Diagnostic Criteria Symptom Questionnaire) and oral parafunctional habits (Oral Behaviours Checklist [OBC]) was administered to Brazilian residents at two different times (2020 and 2021). The participants were divided according to social isolation practices into study groups (GI: 2020, n = 507; GIII: 2021, n = 282) and control groups (GII: 2020, n = 98; GIV: 2021, n = 202). Result: In each group, we evaluated the association of the frequency of oral parafunctional habits with the symptoms of TMD, and we observed that individuals with a greater presence of painful TMD present a greater number of oral parafunctional habits. Despite the literature showing that individuals who practiced social isolation developed more oral parafunctional habits, when analysing the association of the OBC questions in Groups GI × GII and GIII × GIV, only 'sustained talking' (p =.0022) and 'hold telephone between your hand and shoulders' (p =.0124) showed a significant difference in GI × GII. Kendall's coefficient of concordance revealed that there was a very strong concordance (GI × GII 0.9515 (p =.0087) and GIII × GIV 0.9655 (p =.0074)) between the ranks of the analysed oral parafunctional habits in all groups. Conclusion: We can state that Individuals who practiced social isolation did not present more oral parafunctional habits than individuals who did not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new coronavirus pandemic required governments to position themselves in an efficient and integrated way to reduce the number of infections and, consequently, deaths in their territories. In Brazil, the asynchrony between the central government and subnational entities concerning the conduct of Covid-19 has become latent, mainly due to the federal government's non-agreement in applying the non-pharmaceutical recommendations identified by the World Health Organization. Therefore, this article aimed to characterize possible failures in governance functions related to the social isolation adoption during the first wave of Covid-19 in Brazil, with an analysis focus on the federal government. Regarding the method, process tracing was used to descriptively infer such gaps from the data collected. As a result, failures were found in all governance functions, demonstrating that the implementation of social isolation was hampered in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work analyses the construction of social isolation as a public problem during the first wave of COVID‐19, drawing on experiences in Rio de Janeiro which, in addition to being one of the country's major cities, had among the highest mortality rates in Brazil in 2020. We consider both the legal measures enacted by government agencies to contain the contagion and media coverage on the effects of these measures at the local level. The results show that, in the absence of compulsory confinement measures, urban public spaces were deployed both by government agencies and the media in a process by which social isolation was framed as a public problem. Legal measures affected daily patterns of movement, mobility, and sociability, and intervened in the dynamics of central urban functions and in access to and use of public spaces. Media reports gave voice to levels of public agreement or disagreement with regulations and emphasised the significance of legal measures to contain the spread of the virus. Public spaces are at the core of debates about compliance with legal measures to enforce social isolation because they are privileged places where social issues become visible and problematic material expressions of relationships between citizens and the law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Isolation is adopted worldwide during the different phases of the pandemic in an attempt to flatten the contagion curve and protect vulnerable groups. Objective: To discuss the social representations of older people about their social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: Qualitative research based on the structural approach of social representations. 117 elderly people who sought immunization for influenza in a Brazilian Basic Health Unit in 2020 participated. Sociodemographic data and evocation technique were collected. Prototypical analysis was carried out after lexicographic, semantic reconciliation and co-occurrence testing in the EVOC and Iramuteq software. Results: The representations were aimed at "distancing" and anchored in the justifications "necessary-safe, make-possible, stay-home, limit-exit, danger-disease and prevention" that reflected the process of building social representations. Conclusion: The representations were objectified by distancing and anchored in the expressed justifications necessary-safe, make-possible, stay-at-home, limit-out, danger-disease and prevention, which reflected the process of construction of representations in a knowable perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aims to examine the feasibility of an intergenerational remote intervention program designed to promote the wellbeing and social connection of vulnerable older adults, mainly people with aphasia and dementia during the COVID‐19 pandemic in the south of Brazil. Undergraduate students were guided to lead weekly sessions of clowning, storytelling, dancing, and cooking‐related activities for 3 months (from November/2020 to February/2021). Method: The mixed‐method design of the study addresses the implementation and feasibility of the program. Data analysis considered both quantitative—number of individuals who accepted the invitation to participate, voluntary dropouts, attendance—and qualitative data—participative observation and thematic analysis of evaluative conversations. An inclusive group of 34 older adults with stroke‐induced cognitive impairments, dementia and individuals without any neurological conditions enrolled in the program based on social and racial equity principles. Feasibility and acceptability were addressed in terms of recruitment, implementation, remote evaluation, delivery of remote intervention, adherence, and attendance. Activities and participants' perceptions are described. Results: The initial period of the program achieved 83.7% of adherence and sustainability for additional 3 months. Preliminary results suggest feasibility and acceptability, considering formal and informal support in digital inclusion. Participatory observations describe that the structure of sessions and activities were well received. The analysis of participants' perceptions detects the thematic saliency of feelings of social connection and a sense of having learned with the group. Conclusions: Preliminary results of this study demonstrate the feasibility and acceptability of the program, pointing to its potential mental health benefits. Key points: Group‐based remote playful activities and one‐to‐one interactions through video calls from undergraduate students to older adults living with cognitive impairments was feasible and well received by this population.Results indicate that the intervention was perceived as promoting a positive effect and social engagement during the pandemic in Brazil.Further, larger scale trials are needed to assess the potential of the program to improve communication and reduce depression and anxiety symptoms of older adults with cognitive impairments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim was to address the quality of access to basic education, public and private, in Brazil in times of the COVID-19 pandemic, through a systematic review, analyzing the possible repercussions of this on the school life of these students, identifying the differences in access to equipment and technological resources among students of public basic education and private basic education, and understanding the impacts of social isolation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on the school experience of these students. Methodological procedures: A systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA recommendation. The inclusion criteria for the analysis material were: indexed articles published in scientific journals that are written in Portuguese, which analyze the impacts caused on access to basic education in Brazil due to the need for social isolation in times of COVID-19. Exclusion criteria: articles that did not match the research scope. It can be inferred that Basic Education in Brazil, even with great efforts to minimize the impact, has been facing immense difficulties in the face of the pandemic caused by COVID-19, in addition to accentuating the inequality that exists between public and private education. Making clear the need to discuss several issues to reduce this educational gap, seeking improvements in public education, and equity between the various dimensions of education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Brazil is witnessing a massive increase of corona virus disease (COVID-19). Its peculiar primary health care (PHC) system faces a burden due to the contagion occurring in the community environment. Then, the aim is to estimate the effect of the coverage of primary health care and social isolation on the evolution of confirmed cases and deaths by COVID-19, controlling sociodemographic, economic and health system aspects. Methods: A time series design was designed with data on diagnosed cases of COVID-19 and their deaths as outcomes in the capital cities of the Northeast region of Brazil. Independent variables such as PHC coverage, hospital beds, social isolation, demographic density, Gini index and other indicators were analyzed. A Autoregressive Generalized Linear Model method was applied for model the relationship. Results: We identified an exponential growth of cases (y = 0.00250.71x; p-value<0,001). However, there is a high variability in the occurrence of outcomes. PHC coverage≥75% (χ2 = 9.27; p-value = 0.01) and social isolation rate (χ2 = 365.99; p-value<0.001) proved to be mitigating factors for the spread of COVID-19 and its deaths. Capitals with hospital beds ≥ 3.2 per thousand inhabitants had fewer deaths (χ2 = 9.02; p-value = 0.003), but this was influenced by PHC coverage (χ2 = 30,87; p-value<0.001). Conclusions: PHC mitigates the occurrence of Covid-19 and its deaths in a region of social vulnerability in Brazil together with social isolation. However, it is not known until when the system will withstand the overload in view of the low adhesion to social isolation, the lack of support and appropriate direction from the government to its population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To identify how Brazilian families with children aged under 13 years face the period of social isolation resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, especially regarding the time spent on physical activity (PA), intellectual activity, games, outdoor activities and screen. Methods: An anonymous online survey was launched on March 24, 2020 in Brazil to assess how families with children aged up to 12 years are adjusting their daily routines to this situation. In the survey, each family reported the daily time each child spent in sedentary activity (sum of intellectual activities, play time on screen, playing without PA) and PA (sum of playing with PA and PA). Results: The main findings based on data from 816 children indicate that most parents consider there was a reduction in the time that children spend practicing PA; increase in screen play time and family activities, differences between sex were found regarding screen play time (boys>girls) and in playing without PA (girls>boys), and there was an age effect for all categories analyzed, with a tendency to increase the total time of sedentary lifestyle and complementary reducing the time of PA over age. Conclusions: The household routines of families during the period of social isolation resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic confirm the general reduction tendency in PA time during childhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: With the arrival of the SARS-CoV-2 (Coronavirus 2 of severe acute respiratory syndrome) pandemic in Brazil, especially in the city of São Paulo, there was a need to apply social isolation policies associated with testing, covering all municipalities. The Clinical Analysis Laboratory of Centro Universitário FMABC was one of the first laboratories to receive certification and qualification to perform RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase reaction followed by polymerase chain reaction) tests in the metropolitan region of São Paulo. Objective: Aim to analyze the influence of adopting social isolation on the incidence of positivity in COVID-19 tests in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: a descriptive study carried out from March to May 2020, epidemiological data were collected from each unit served and organized by the data controllership team of the Clinical Analysis Laboratory of FMABC. Epidemiological, demographic, and laboratory data were extracted from the Matrix® outpatient data management system. Clinically suspected cases and confirmed by laboratory tests (RT-PCR and serological tests) were entered. The tests were divided into serological tests using the RT-PCR molecular test, on samples of nasopharyngeal mucosal scrapings collected with sterile Swab. Results: It were evaluated PCR test and antibody presence (IgA, IgM and IgG) in blood samples of 16.297 patients. 22.718 tests were performed for the diagnosis of COVID-19, both RT-PCR (10.410 tests) and serological tests to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, IgA, IgM and IgG, a total of 16.297 patients were assessed, 63% women and 37% men. It was observed that the social isolation policies adopted during this period contained the massive expansion of contamination, at least while the social isolation rates were above 55%. Conclusion: The data of this study demonstrated the effectiveness of social isolation in containing the positive contamination of SARSCoV-2 in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, at least for the first three months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: With the arrival of the SARS-CoV-2 (Coronavirus 2 of severe acute respiratory syndrome) pandemic in Brazil, especially in the city of São Paulo, there was a need to apply social isolation policies associated with testing, covering all municipalities. The Clinical Analysis Laboratory of Centro Universitário FMABC was one of the first laboratories to receive certification and qualification to perform RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase reaction followed by polymerase chain reaction) tests in the metropolitan region of São Paulo. Objective: Aim to analyze the influence of adopting social isolation on the incidence of positivity in COVID-19 tests in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: a descriptive study carried out from March to May 2020, epidemiological data were collected from each unit served and organized by the data controllership team of the Clinical Analysis Laboratory of FMABC. Epidemiological, demographic, and laboratory data were extracted from the Matrix® outpatient data management system. Clinically suspected cases and confirmed by laboratory tests (RTPCR and serological tests) were entered. The tests were divided into serological tests using the RT-PCR molecular test, on samples of nasopharyngeal mucosal scrapings collected with sterile Swab. Results: It were evaluated PCR test and antibody presence (IgA, IgM and IgG) in blood samples of 16.297 patients. 22.718 tests were performed for the diagnosis of COVID-19, both RT-PCR (10.410 tests) and serological tests to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, IgA, IgM and IgG, a total of 16.297 patients were assessed, 63% women and 37% men. It was observed that the social isolation policies adopted during this period contained the massive expansion of contamination, at least while the social isolation rates were above 55%. Conclusion: The data of this study demonstrated the effectiveness of social isolation in containing the positive contamination of SARS-CoV-2 in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, at least for the first three months [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the association among loneliness, number of friends, and participation in physical education classes, leisure-time physical activities, and active commuting. Data from 102,072 adolescents participating in the National School–based Health Survey aged 11–19 years were analyzed. Information about the study variables was self-reported through a questionnaire. Adolescents more active in physical education classes and leisure were less likely of having social isolation. Those more active in commuting were more likely of having social isolation. Interventions aimed at addressing social isolation in adolescence can prioritize school and leisure-time physical activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses according to population-based studies, social isolation has a considerable prevalence in different regions, ranging from 17.0% to 48.0%, depending on the way has evaluated and the population studied. Topics include social isolation has associated with increased morbidity and mortality, anxiety, and depression; and the majority of the sample has classified as having depressive symptoms.

Background: People with dementia and their family caregivers may face a great burden through social isolation due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which can be manifested as various behavioral and clinical symptoms.Objective: To investigate the impacts of social isolation due to the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals with dementia and their family caregivers.Methods: Two semi-structured questionnaires were applied via telephone to family caregivers of people diagnosed with dementia in three cities in Argentina, Brazil, and Chile, in order to assess clinical and behavioral changes in people with dementia and in their caregivers.Results: In general, 321 interviews were conducted. A significant decline in memory function has been reported among 53.0%of people with dementia. In addition, 31.2%of individuals with dementia felt sadder and 37.4%had increased anxiety symptoms. These symptoms of anxiety were greater in individuals with mild to moderate dementia, while symptoms of agitation were greater in individuals with severe dementia. Moreover, compulsive-obsessive behavior, hallucinations, increased forgetfulness, altered appetite, and increased difficulty in activities of daily living were reported more frequently among individuals with moderate to severe dementia. Caregivers reported feeling more tired and overwhelmed during this period and these symptoms were also influenced by the severity of dementia.Conclusion: Social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic triggered a series of negative behavioral repercussions, both for people with dementia and for their family caregivers in these three South American countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Violence against women is a worldwide phenomenon. One in three women of reproductive age has experienced physical or sexual violence perpetrated by an intimate partner in her lifetime, and more than a third of female homicides are perpetrated by an intimate partner. The official data from the 2019 Atlas of Violence of the Mortality Information System - SIM, of the Ministry of Health, report that in 2017 there were 65,602 homicides in Brazil. The social isolation imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic brings to light, in a potent way, some worrying indicators about domestic violence and family violence against women. Organizations dedicated to tackling domestic violence have already seen an increase in domestic violence because of forced co-existence, economic stress and fears about the coronavirus. This study analyzed the magnitude and trend of the increase in murders against women in Brazil and their psychosocial impacts, the data were obtained by the Atlas of Violence 2019. It is a research with a document analysis methodology, as a valid resource for the study with public devices, and the theoretical essay, as an analysis exercise that seeks to reveal new knowledge about a given reality. Finally, it is pointed out that specific actions such as effective public health policies for the prevention of violence, especially women, since this contingent has maintained the high levels of mortality from homicides in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected people's lives and caused changes in habits. The World Health Organization recommends social isolation as a way of minimizing the risk of contagion of the disease. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the impact of social isolation due to COVID-19 pandemic on the physical and mental health of older adults and to investigate how anthropometric, functional, and clinical aspects are associated with this process. Methods: Fifty healthy older adults were followed-up during 5 months. The subjects had their physical and mental health assessed during social isolation (pre-vaccine situation) and after the opening of stores and activities in the municipality (post-vaccine situation). Physical evaluation was performed using the 30-s sit and stand test. Participants' mental health was assessed with the Geriatric Depression Scale and the Loneliness Index. In this methodological design, muscle strength, depressive symptoms, and loneliness index were subject to pre-post analyses. In addition, these variables were included as outcomes in linear regression models. Participants' anthropometric, functional, and clinical factors were included as predictors of the statistical model. Results: Participants' scores at baseline were consistent with mild depressive symptoms and low loneliness. The muscle strength of the subjects was appropriate to their ages. After 5 months of social isolation, all variables declined, but with statistical significance only for depressive symptoms (p = 0.017, effect size of 0.11). Anthropometric, functional, and clinical factors explained 42.8% of depressive symptoms, 22.3% of loneliness, and 30.2% of muscle strength in the elderly. Discussion/Conclusion: Older adults presented baseline scores consistent with mild depressive symptoms and low loneliness. The muscular strength of the subjects was appropriate for their ages. After 5 months of social isolation, all variables declined. Anthropometric, functional, and clinical factors explained a substantial part of the depressive symptoms, loneliness, and muscular strength in the elderly. Health care professionals should be aware of performing a wide assessment in subjects' lives to ensure better health status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2020, isolation and social distancing measures were taken to contain the new coronavirus, which affected the elderly people's routine improving the susceptibility to trauma in their homes due to the increase in immobility associated with physical activities reduction, which maintains their physical conditioning, and the unsafe home structure. This study aims to compare the profile of hospitalizations due to falls that occurred in 2019, before the pandemic, with those of 2020 in the context of social isolation in an Emergency Hospital from Porto Alegre. The authors performed a retrospective observational study. The patient's electronic medical records data were used. Patients of both sexes, over 60 years old, who were admitted to the hospital due to falls during 2019 and 2020 were included to compare both periods. In addition to the sample characterization, information about the type of trauma, type of injury or fracture generated, place where the trauma occurred, month of the year, patient's death, and previous comorbidities were also transmitted. 485 individuals were included, primarily women (71.3%) over 80 years old (36.9%) who avoided falling from their height (76.8%) and had as a consequence the proximal fracture of the hip (2019: 56.7%; 2020: 57.9%) in their homes (92.4%) in both years. There were more emergency discharges in 2019 (2019: 26.8%; 2020: 14.2%) and more transfers in 2020 (2019: 60.7%; 2020: 70.1%). As for seasonality, there were more falls in the months corresponding to winter in 2019 (p=0.004), while in 2020 the distribution was observed throughout the year. The sample characterization data are consistent with other findings in the literature. The injuries in 2020 were more serious, requiring surgical intervention at another hospital. Although there are similarities in the profile of patients in 2019 and 2020, we can highlight that isolation due to the new coronavirus may have resulted in trauma with more severe injuries compared to the previous year. During the pandemic year, there was a homogeneous distribution of the occurrence of falls, which suggests staying at home is an important risk factor for trauma in the elderly. The results of this abstract showed that social isolation harmed the severity of falls, suggesting that staying at home may be a risk factor for them. To make the home environment safer and the adoption of home exercises that maintain the physical conditioning of this population can be adopted to improve the quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Evidence shows that religiosity and spirituality (R/S) are highly used in critical moments of life and that these beliefs are associated with clinical outcomes. However, further studies are needed to assess these beliefs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Aims: To evaluate the use of R/S during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil and to investigate the association between R/S and the mental health consequences of social isolation. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted in May 2020. Online surveys were carried out assessing sociodemographics, R/S measures, and social isolation characteristics and mental health consequences (hopefulness, fear, worrying and sadness). Adjusted regression models were used. Results: A total of 485 participants were included from all regions of Brazil. There was a high use of religious and spiritual beliefs during the pandemic and this use was associated with better mental health outcomes. Lower levels of worrying were associated with greater private religious activities (OR = 0.466, CI 95%: 0.307–0.706), religious attendance (OR = 0.587, CI 95%: 0.395–0.871), spiritual growth (OR = 0.667, CI 95%: 0.448–0.993) and with an increase in religious activities (OR = 0.660, CI 95%: 0.442–0.986); lower levels of fear were associated with greater private religious activities (OR = 0.632, CI 95%: 0.422–0.949) and spiritual growth (OR = 0.588, CI 95%: 0.392–0.882) and, lower levels of sadness (OR = 0.646, CI 95%: 0.418–0.997) were associated with spiritual growth. Finally, hope was associated with all R/S variables in different degrees (ranging from OR = 1.706 to 3.615). Conclusions: R/S seem to have an important role on the relief of suffering, having an influence on health outcomes and minimizing the consequences of social isolation. These results highlight the importance of public health measures that ensure the continuity of R/S activities during the pandemic and the training of healthcare professionals to address these issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The social isolation enforced as a result of the new coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic may impact families' lifestyle and eating habits. The present study aimed to assess the behaviour and dietary patterns of Brazilian children and adolescents during the social isolation imposed by the COVID‐19 pandemic. Methods: The present study was conducted using an online, anonymous cross‐sectional survey with 589 children and 720 adolescents from Brazil during a nationwide social isolation policy. The Mann–Whitney U‐test or the Kruskal–Wallis with the Dunn post‐hoc method and a radar chart were used to compare the weekly consumption of each food by age group and isolation status. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Analyses were conducted using R statistical software, version 4.0.2 (R Foundation for Statisitical Computing). Results: We found that isolated families showed breakfast eating habits and the consumption of raw salad, vegetables, beans and soft drinks. Lower‐class isolated families and those from the Northeast region consumed fruits, juices, vegetables and beans less frequently. Compared to children, adolescents were less isolated (p = 0.016), less active (p < 0.001), exposed to longer screen time (p < 0.001), showed an inadequate sleeping pattern (p = 0.002) and were from lower‐class families (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Social isolation affected the eating habits of children and adolescents. Non‐isolated families presented a lower consumption of healthy food, especially those among the lower class, from Northeast Brazil, as well as adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this study was to explore the perspectives of different stakeholders regarding the experiences of adolescent depression in Porto Alegre, Brazil. We conducted 54 key-informant interviews with adolescents, parents, social workers, health workers, educators, and policy makers and two focus group discussions with 5 adolescents and 6 parents. Data were analysed using a framework approach and guided by the adolescents' personal narratives, with adult stakeholders' views supplementing these perspectives. Four main themes emerged, creating a relational model of adolescent depression that highlights isolation as a central component of the experience. In relation to the self, the experience of depression led to a feeling of detachment from others resulting from the sensation that usual interactions did not have the same meaning as before. This disruption of interactions is perceived as self-isolation and is described in relation to coping mechanisms. These findings shed light on important aspects of the identification and management of adolescent depression in Brazil. Since social interaction was a core component of the descriptions and experiences of depression, we speculate that promising interventions are those that could enhance the promotion of a supportive environment and interpersonal relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Hansen's disease is a chronic, infectious and transmissible disease that is considered a public health problem in Brazil. Hansen's disease is marked by stigma and prejudice, because it carries with it a strong negative social image, reinforced by policies of social isolation in the community. Methods A qualitative study was conducted in Ribeirão Preto, an inland city of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Eleven patients under treatment for the disease were interviewed. The interviews were audio recorded and transcribed in full, then were analyzed through the stages of transcription, transposition and reconstitution, as informed by concepts proposed by Goffman. Results The results showed that the marks of stigma are still present in the twenty-first century and were presented in two axes: 'Stigma and work for the person affected by Hansen's disease' and 'The experience of stigma in the family'. The participants refer to fears of losing their jobs and of being ridiculed, which stops them talking about the disease. Regarding their families, the participants reported episodes of discrimination, the creation of family secrets and fear of relatives' reactions. Conclusions All these aspects interfere in the follow-up and treatment of patients and need to be considered and welcomed by health professionals. It is recommended that these aspects are addressed in the initial training and continuing education of health professionals. Contexte La maladie de Hansen est une maladie chronique, infectieuse et transmissible, considérée comme un problème de santé publique au Brésil. La maladie de Hansen est marquée par la stigmatisation et les préjugés, car elle véhicule une image sociale fortement négative, renforcée par des politiques d'isolement social au sein de la communauté. Méthodes Étude qualitative menée à Ribeirão Preto, une ville intérieure de l'État de São Paulo, au Brésil. Onze patients traités pour la maladie ont été interrogés. Les entretiens ont été enregistrés et transcrits intégralement, et ont été analysés en suivant les étapes de transcription, de transposition et de reconstitution, selon les concepts proposés par Goffman. Résultats Les résultats montrent que les marques de la stigmatisation sont toujours présentes au 21ème siècle et ont été présentées selon deux axes : 'La stigmatisation et le travail pour la personne affectée par la maladie de Hansen' et 'L'expérience de la stigmatisation dans la famille'. Les participants évoquent la peur de perdre leur emploi, la peur d'être ridiculisés, ce qui les pousse à ne pas parler de la maladie. En ce qui concerne les familles, les participants ont rapporté des épisodes de discrimination, la création de secrets de famille et la peur des réactions des proches. Conclusions Tous ces aspects interfèrent dans le suivi et le traitement des patients et doivent être pris en compte et accueillis par les professionnels de la santé. Il est recommandé que ces aspects soient abordés dans la formation initiale et la formation continue des professionnels de la santé. Antecedentes La enfermedad de Hansen es una enfermedad crónica, infecciosa y transmisible, considerada un problema de salud pública en Brasil. La enfermedad de Hansen está marcada por el estigma y el prejuicio, ya que conlleva una fuerte imagen social negativa, reforzada por políticas de aislamiento social en la comunidad. Métodos Estudio cualitativo realizado en Ribeirão Preto, una ciudad del interior del estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Se entrevistaron a once pacientes en tratamiento para la enfermedad. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas en audio, transcritas en su totalidad y analizadas a través de etapas de transcripción, transposición y reconstitución, según los conceptos propuestos por Goffman. Resultados Los resultados muestran que las marcas del estigma siguen presentes en el siglo XXI y se presentaron en dos ejes: 'Estigma y trabajo para la persona afectada por la enfermedad de Hansen' y 'La experiencia del estigma en la familia'. Los participantes mencionan el miedo a perder sus trabajos, el temor a ser ridiculizados, lo que les impide comentar sobre la enfermedad. En cuanto a las familias, los participantes reportaron episodios de discriminación, la creación de secretos familiares y el miedo a las reacciones de los familiares. Conclusiones Todos estos aspectos interfieren en el seguimiento y tratamiento de los pacientes y deben ser considerados y acogidos por los profesionales sanitarios. Se recomienda abordar estos aspectos en la formación inicial y la educación continua de los profesionales sanitarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covid-19 is a global public health crisis, which in addition to making victims is changing the living habits of the population. The objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of social isolation on the physical and mental health of older adults and to learn how they are informing themselves about the pandemic. It is a qualitative study with a phenomenological basis, composed by telephone interviews with 35 older adults (70,5 ± 4,7 years) of both genders, members of a Brazilian University of Third Age, during the period of the pandemic. The testimonies revealed a considerable degree of concern about the possibility of being infected by the virus, increased anxiety due to tragic news, the growing number of deaths, the collapse of the Brazilian economy and the rising unemployment rate. The group reported sleep disorders, joint pain, loss of appetite, weight loss, and reduced functional capacity. Everyone felt sufficiently informed about Covid-19. The main means of gaining information about the pandemic was radio, followed by TV, dialogue with family and friends, and WhatsApp. Only 30% of the participants used WhatsApp, praised because of its multiple functions and the ability to re-read the news. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The investigation, methodologically referenced in action research, is linked to the set of research aimed at initial teacher education. Questioning the processes that occur in the internships, the study askshow the adaptations made during social isolation can contribute to reconfigure the practices to be constituted in the Mathematics Degree. Initially, the text traces the panorama of digital exclusion suffered by academics who live in rural areas. Then, he stresses that several courses have presented difficulties in adopting strategies for Environmental Education to take place. Finally, it describes and analyzes a university extension work carried out in a rural settlement of the MST, in central-western of Brazil. Then, it concludes that extension activities that occur in the internship or in compliance with Law no. 13.005/2014 can constitute strategies for digital inclusion and Environmental Education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Brazil, pandemic has risen problems of absence of public policies. Serious social inequalities prevent social isolation and administrative policies are contraditory and limited by the Judiciary Power. This problem analysys has the assumption of non-flexibility of bioethical principals. In this sense, principlist bioethics ensures the medical obligation of beneficience and non-maleficience principles for treatments based in scientific researchers and with informed consent. The Latin American bioethics of protection is presented as a way to protect the vulnerable of threats to their own existence, aiming at training to exercise their autonomy (Resolution number 41, october, 31, 2018). Fraternity as a legal concept aims to ensure every right and not only an existential minimum. In its turn, biopolitics practics, in life and death exercises on dociles bodies, manipulable by policies exercised in a dubious, arbitrary and insecure manner, restricts fundamental rights such as freedom, without the counterpart of ensuring, in advance, social rights. Rights must be recognized without discrimation by age or historical moment, with broad participation in the decision of one's own body. The contribution of bioethics seeks to avoid the lack of protection provided by biopolitics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to measure scientific production on the riverside population's health in Brazilian territory. Method: a bibliometric study, with data collected in March and April 2023, using different databases, via the Virtual Health Library, PubMed, Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel Journal Portal and the online scientific library. Search strategies were developed with descriptors and keywords. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed, and Bradford's, Lotka's and Zipf's bibliometric laws were applied. Results: the sample consisted of 35 documents, predominantly quantitative original articles, published in English and Portuguese, in from 2019 to 2022. Due to their publication numbers, five authors and four Brazilian institutions were highlighted. Four most influential journals, four most representative keywords and the main terms used in writing the objectives of selected studies were identified. Conclusion: it was evident that scientific production has increased in recent years, but it is necessary to strengthen the volume of studies on the topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To examine the relationship between physical activity, sedentary behaviors, and social isolation in a representative sample of Brazilian adolescents. Cross sectional analyses using data from the Brazilian Scholar Health Survey conducted in 2015. The sample included 100,839 adolescents (mean age: 14.3 y, 51.4% Female) from 3040 schools. Information about social isolation (number of close friends and perceived loneliness), physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) and sedentary behaviors (total sitting time and TV viewing) were self-reported. Chronological age, race and type of city (state capital or other) were co-variables. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the data (results are presented as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals). Physical activity was associated with lower odds of both social isolation indicators in boys, and with lower likelihood of having few friends in girls. Greater sitting time was associated with higher likelihood of social isolation, as was low (<1 h/d) [boys: OR: 1.54 (95% CI: 1.33 to 1.77); girls: OR: 1.31 (95% CI: 1.17 to 1.48] and high TV viewing (≥8 h/d) [boys: OR: 1.75 (95% CI: 1.47 to 2.09)]; girls: OR: 1.58 (95% CI: 1.37 to 1.82)]. More than 300 min/week of physical activity was sufficient to eliminate the association of high TV viewing and high sitting time with markers of social isolation in boys. Physical activity is associated with a lower prevalence of social isolation, especially among boys. Both high and low amounts of TV viewing increase the likelihood of social isolation. Physical activity reduced the association between TV viewing and sitting with social isolation among boys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous studies reported the negative impact of social isolation on mental health in people with dementia (PwD) and their caregivers, butlongitudinal studies seem scarcer. Objective: To describe a one-year follow-up impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on PwD and their caregivers in both Brazil and Chile. Methods: This study analyzed the impact of the pandemic on the psychological and physical health of PwD and their family caregivers after one year of follow-up in three outpatient clinics in Brazil (n = 68) and Chile (n = 61). Results: In both countries, PwD reduced their functional capacity after one year of follow-up (p = 0.017 and p = 0.009; respectively) and caregivers reported worse physical and mental health (p = 0.028 and p = 0.039). Only in Chile, caregivers reported more sadness associated with care (p = 0.001), and reduced time sleeping (p = 0.07). Conclusions: In conclusion, the COVID-19 pandemic appears to have had a long-lasting impact on PwD and their caregivers. However, it is essential to acknowledge that the inherent progression of dementia itself may also influence changes observed over a year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The Brazilian population is modelled by cellular automata. • The model is tuned for the COVID-19 evolution. • Social isolation has three variables: start, duration and percentage of reduced contact. • Simulations are carried out to analyze different demands on the healthcare system. • COVID-19 cases evolution and hospitalization cannot be used alone to end social campaigns. Background and objective Many countries around the world experienced a high increase in the number of COVID-19 cases after a few weeks of the first case, and along with it, excessive pressure on the healthcare systems. While medicines, drugs, and vaccines against the COVID-19 are being developed, social isolation has become the most used method for controlling the virus spreading. With the social isolation, authorities aimed to slow down the spreading, avoiding saturation of the healthcare system, and allowing that all critical COVID-19 cases could be appropriately treated. By tuning the proposed model to fit Brazil's initial COVID-19 data, the objectives of the paper are to analyze the impact of the social isolation features on the population dynamics; simulate the number of deaths due to COVID-19 and due to the lack of healthcare infrastructure; study combinations of the features for the healthcare system does not collapse; and analyze healthcare system responses for the crisis. Methods In this paper, a Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Removed model is described in terms of probabilistic cellular automata and ordinary differential equations for the transmission of COVID-19, flexible enough for simulating different scenarios of social isolation according to the following features: the start day for the social isolation after the first death, the period for the social isolation campaign, and the percentage of the population committed to the campaign. Results Results showed that efforts in the social isolation campaign must be concentrated both on the isolation percentage and campaign duration to delay the healthcare system failure. For the hospital situation in Brazil at the beginning of the pandemic outbreak, a rate of 200 purchases per day of intensive care units and mechanical ventilators is the minimum rate to prevent the collapse of the healthcare system. Conclusions By using the model for different scenarios, it is possible to estimate the impact of social isolation campaign adhesion. For instance, if the social isolation percentage increased from 40% to 50% in Brazil, the purchase rate of 150 intensive care units and mechanical ventilators per day would be enough to prevent the healthcare system to collapse. Moreover, results showed that a premature relaxation of the social isolation campaign can lead to subsequent waves of contamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the experiences of violence against black travestis due to machismo and transphobia in the context of the COVID19 pandemic. The methodology used included the use of cartography, by employing affective diaries that allow a dense dive in the territories, tracing a geography of violence against black travestis in the city of ParnaíbaPI. According to ANTRA data, black travestis represent on average 80% of cases of lethal transphobia in Brazil, which puts these bodies in the crosshairs of afronecrotransphobia. The pandemic process was seen to intensify the situation of the black travestis' precarious lives, since social isolation has made it difficult to enter and stay in the labor market. Another finding that should be highlighted is that 90% of trans women live from prostitution due to the reduced access, which was already limited, to social security institutions. In the geography of violence, affective diaries narrate two situations of sexist and transphobic violence, both against black travestis on public roads in the city of ParnaíbaPI. The victims sought support with the social worker of Acolhe Trans, a nongovernmental collective, which received them and directed to the complaint. However, both showed distrust in carrying out the procedures as a result of the impunity witnessed in cases of transphobia. In this sense, we reached the conclusion that, in a regime of afronecrotransphobia, the absence or difficulty of access to public policies produces violence and deaths of the transgender population, especially the black population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze the occurrences of mass murders in Brazil and the characteristics of these crimes from the international literature. An online research based on thematic analysis was carried out on the mass murders that occurred in Brazil, dating from 1999 to 2019, with a total of 6 cases. All cases were perpetrated by men, aged between 14 and 50 years, with narcissistic characteristics, isolation and social alienation according to information obtained in the news. The consulted texts also suggest that mental disorders may be predisposing to crimes, as well as bullying. It was also found that none of the news mentioned prevention programs, having only emphasized the crime and the commotion caused. Further research on the subject is suggested, notoriously scarce in Brazil, to understand this phenomenon according to the country's culture, and to be able to act for a preventive level to avoid the similar outcomes in the Brazilian territory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this essay we analyze the spatial distribution of Covid-19 in the city of Fortaleza, Northeastern Brazil, using participatory mapping techniques. We then evaluate why people are not adequately fulfilling social isolation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

hether the COVID-19 pandemic has changed fertility patterns is still an open question, as social isolation for long periods can impact the number of conceptions in many ways. We combine administrative data on all recent births in Brazil with daily data on individual location to estimate the relationship between the share of individuals staying close to their homes in each week and the number of conceptions in that same week, comparing municipalities with different social isolation patterns during the first semester of 2020. We find that conceptions unequivocally decline when social isolation increases. The effect is stronger for women who are between 21 and 25 years old and more educated, as well as for richer, larger, and more urban municipalities. COVID-19 is likely to change fertility across countries depending on the behavior of the population and on the lock-down measures implemented to fight the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the perceptions of women with endometriosis and chronic pelvic pain regarding their social ties.Methods: A qualitative study was undertaken of women with chronic pelvic pain and endometriosis. Focus groups discussions among four to six participants were performed until saturation at the Clinics Hospital of Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, southwest Brazil, between February 2013 and January 2014. Transcripts were analyzed according to the grounded theory approach and the emerging categories were coded using the WebQDA platform.Results: Six focus group discussions took place, with a total of 29 patients. Social isolation was the main emerging theme. Social isolation was associated with a lack of understanding about endometriosis symptoms and with resignation in face of recurrent pain episodes. Avoiding partner intimacy and isolation from family and friends were components of social isolation.Conclusion: Women with endometriosis develop progressive social isolation after the onset of chronic pelvic pain. This finding is important for the multidisciplinary management of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The domestic and family violence affects women from all social classes and is part of the daily life of women in Brazil, its several forms of involvement have grown considerably due to social isolation, together with the number of female homicides, a complex fact that violates the human rights of many women. This way, this research has the aim of analyses domestic violence against the woman in the new Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) in Brazil, analyzing the increase in cases and also the public policies of facing this situation. For this purpose, a bibliographic research with a qualitative approach was developed with theoretical foundation based on law 11.340/2006 that created mechanisms to curb and prevent the domestic and family violence against woman and in official documents that talk about government actions of fighting the domestic violence. The pandemic that settled in Brazil about one year ago, culminated in changes in social daily life, an example of isolation that favored the increase in cases of domestic violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To understand how dignity is perceived by deaf people inserted into organizations, from their interactions with colleagues, bosses and the organization itself. Originality/gap/relevance/implications: In the field of studies on organizational dignity, the phenomenon is being studied under several aspects. However, no research was found addressing the possible relationship between dignity and inclusion in organizations, focusing specifically on deaf people. Key methodological aspects: This is a qualitative study carried out by means of interviews with 13 oral and non-oral deaf persons with work experience in organizations in the Metropolitan Region of Recife-PE, Brazil. Summary of key results: Most deaf people felt socially isolated, not being considered neither by Human Resource practices, nor the target of opportunities in organizations. Oral language proved to be the main difficulty for communication within the organization, although the breakage of this barrier through the maintenance of an interpreter is supported by law. Key considerations/conclusions: The predominant view of dignity by the deaf was based on the elements of valorization/respect/equality. It is inferred that the more intense the experience with elements that violate dignity, the less the feeling of inclusion or the greater the feeling of non-acceptance and the consequent greater risk of social isolation of the deaf. It is believed that, among other aspects, an organizational position aimed at reciprocal recognition and mutual cultural enrichment will contribute to the improvement of the quality of relationships between the deaf and the hearing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to compare the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among Physical Education professionals in the Northeast and South of Brazil. This is a crosssectional study. Data collection took place digitally. Through Google® Forms, a questionnaire was created, with multiple choice questions disseminated through the social networks Whatsapp®, Instagram@ and Facebook@. A total of 746 participants answered the questionnaire, 50.8% from the South Region and 49.2% from the Northeast Region. Regarding education and professional activity, most had graduated for up to 10 years (59.5%), had a full degree or both (61.3%) and worked in the private/liberal professional sector (52%). Considering financial and health planning issues, most participants were the main household income provider (64.9%), had no financial reserve (75.9%), nor had a health plan (58.6 %) or retirement plan (67%). Regarding attitudes and risks in the face of the pandemic, 94.5% of Physical Education professionals said they were in isolation. It can be concluded that the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic had an impact on Physical Education professionals. The ban on professional practice caused by social isolation demonstrated a profession with little planning and a vulnerable financial situation regardless of the Brazilian region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze the variation in academic performance of undergraduate students enrolled in the Accounting Sciences course of a public, federal university of Southern Brazil between the second academic semester of 2019 and the first semester of 2020. The research was documentary and descriptive, following a quantitative approach. The sample was composed of data from 281 students. Quantitative data analysis was carried out through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Results indicate that the implementation of emergency remote teaching due to social isolation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic did not impact student performance. However, analyzing the students' enrollment semester shows variation in the academic performance in 2017, which may be explored further by future research. Thus, this research contributes to understanding the new teaching model, supplying managers, students, teachers, and institutions new data regarding this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health care processes have undergone changes due to the current pandemic scenario, creating social isolation measures to contain the virus. The need for continuity in health care is understood, with remote care being regulated in Brazil on an emergency basis due to the Covid-19 pandemic. However, it is a new modality for physiotherapists and patients, resulting in barriers to its implementation. The aim of this research is to analyze the main barriers encountered in the practice of physical therapists in the adoption of telephysiotherapy during the Covid-19 pandemic in Brazil. It is classified as a cross-sectional study, virtual research, quantitative approach, involving 135 physical therapists in clinical practice, residing in Brazilian territory, 84%, feel adapted to the remote modality of care, despite reporting difficulties such as: lack of affinity with technological resources, followed by patients' understanding of the guidelines given by the physiotherapists. Through the identification of the main barriers faced in the implementation of telephysiotherapy, it is possible to point out that they enable the improvement of remote care in Brazil. Thus, there is a need for more studies that enhance the discussion and favor decisionmaking in this area to expand knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Identify the elements (defining characteristics, related factors, and risk factors) of the diagnoses of NANDA international impaired religiosity (00169), risk for impaired religiosity (00170), and readiness for enhanced religiosity (00171), in a period of social distancing in the pandemic of COVID‐19, and associate them with the behavior of individual and collective religious practice, before and during the pandemic. Methods: Survey study, released via social media to members of religious communities in Brazil. Data collection took place in June 2020, by online questionnaire. Findings: Participants were 719 people, 563 (78.3%) were women, with a median age of 39 years (min 18–max 73), of Catholic religion (64.7%), with a median of 29 years of religious practice (min 0–max 70). The participants were from Southeast 652 (90.68%), South 49 (6.82%), Northeast 13 (1.82%), Midwest 4 (0.56%), and North 01 (0.14%) of Brazil. The increase of individual religious practice was associated with two diagnostic elements and the reduction of individual practice to nine elements. The reduction of collective religious practice was associated with seven diagnostic elements and the maintenance of the practice associated with five elements. The increase of collective religious practice was associated with five diagnostic elements. Conclusions: In individuals who presented during the pandemic reduction of individual religious practice, reduction of collective religious practice, and maintenance of collective religious practice, the elements of the diagnosis impaired religiosity were predominant. In individuals who presented increased practice of collective religious activity during the pandemic, the elements of the diagnosis readiness for enhanced religiosity were predominant. Implications for nursing practice: This study highlights defining characteristics, risk factors, and related factors of the religiosity diagnoses presented due to social distancing in the pandemic; these should be screened during nursing consultations in primary health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This teaching case describes the process experienced by Coppead, one of the main graduate schools in business in Brazil, to adapt to e-learning. The change is driven by the social isolation adopted in the country due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The case reports on the decisions that the faculty collegiate, led by the director Elaine Tavares, has needed to take to circumvent the quarantine and ensure teaching continuity at Master, Doctoral, and Executive MBA levels. The case discusses the main challenges during the transition, but most importantly highlights the strategic opportunities that this shift has offered for innovation in the coming years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impacts of violence on the health of women and their sons and daughters are significant. In Brazil, there was an increase of 18% in the number of complaints registered by the services dial 100 and call 180. Thus, facing situations of violence requires actions in multiple dimensions. This article aims to reflect on the new ways to denounce the violence suffered by women during the quarantine period. This is a descriptive study of the type reflective critical analysis on the emergence of new ways for women to denounce violence against women, without the perception of the victim's partner, due to the social isolation provided by the coronavirus. In view of the analysis of the findings, it was possible to reflect on cases of violence against women in the current world scenario, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which has reverberated throughout society in a frightening way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the research was to describe how an alert about the seriousness of COVID-19 had resonance, performing controversies in Brazil. We elected the alert of a specialist, the researcher Atila Iamarino. Data collection was carried out by means of documentary research, based on data made available on the internet, on YouTube videos, reports and texts in magazines, as indicated by Venturini (2012), for cartography with digital data. We show how Atila Iamarino's public alert acquired resonance, based on her argument that COVID-19 was a risk, requiring a measure of social isolation. This allowed the alert to be understood and taken seriously, when its arguments generally rose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study identifies relationships among the quality of perceived social support and sleep problems and napping habits in community-dwelling elderly. This study is part of a larger multicenter project entitled "Frailty in Brazilian Elderly Individuals", conducted in 17 Brazilian cities. A total of 498 elderly individuals capable of participating in interviews and free of cognitive deficits or functional impairment were found. The following instruments were used in data collection: Questionnaire addressing socio-demographic data; Interpersonal Support Evaluation List; questions concerning sleep patterns (Nottingham Health Profile); questions related to napping habits (Minnesota Leisure Activity Questionnaire). Descriptive statistics and the Mann-Whitney test were used for data analysis. The elderly individuals who reported having sleep problems in general, taking longer to fall asleep and sleeping poorly at night had lower scores on the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List than the elderly who denied such problems. Strategies to improve the quality of social support could also help reduce sleep problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses how social exclusion imposes a parasitic container–contained relationship and, consequently, a catastrophic experience on the subjects. Children who come from backgrounds of social exclusion and who were designated by their teachers as having difficulties learning and as making the teachers feel less than competent were observed at a school in Brazil. The children met with the researcher (the author) once a week, during which time they could play, read, draw, or just talk. Material is presented to show that catastrophe obstructs growth through the use of mechanisms that make contact between container and contained (or vice-versa) unviable. The path from the paranoid-schizoid position to the depressive position is thus blocked, and, as a result, there tends to be difficulty in developing the capacity for symbol formation and then to learn how to read and write and to ‘think thoughts’. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a reading of "Os livres acampamentos da miséria" the first article on the hill known as Rio area of social exclusion. João do Rio shows how journalism can win the moment to present itself as textual memory. An emerging modern journalism that builds the narrative of everyday life and safeguarding social memory. We like this narrative brings a symbolic cargo to expose certain reality, and problematize key issues of society. This article is part of journalism in the dynamic information that João do Rio initiators in Brazil. Besides being a notable example of reportage, is a confirmation of how journalism lends itself to be historiographic source, talking with the contemporary both in relation to the zone of exclusion constituent of Brazilian society about the current journalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the theoretical part of the book "Social Exclusion: Space of Creation as Educational Alternative", by Nilce da Silva, who is a teacher, doctor, lecturer at the School of Education of the University of San Pablo. This work was presented at the International Congress: "Education, Language and Society" in General Pico, La Pampa, Argentina (July, 2o04). It is constituted by a comparative investigation among three groups of subjects: Brazilians in situation of little schooling in the Swedish city of Gotemburgo, Brazilians in situation of supra-schooling in the city of Paris and besides, migrant Brazilians -- mainly "nordestinos" -- in the city of San Pablo. The author carries out a series of comparisons about the hierarchy of the "social exclusion" when thinking about the mobility of the people on the planet today, that is to say, in the same time in which an individual can be included, integrated and even considered successful in the city of San Pablo, he will get to the limits of social exclusion if living in Paris. Besides this, the work referred to presents "Space of Creation" as a theoretical-methodological possibility to understand the relationship between Man and the literate space around Him. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to evaluate the association between substance use and social isolation with food consumption in adolescents. A crosssectional study was conducted with 2,040 adolescents from a medium-sized city in Brazil. The exposures assessed were the use of alcohol, tobacco, and other substances, and social isolation. The outcomes were the regular consumption (=5 times/week) of beans, fruit/fruit salad, candies, and soft drinks, and an unhealthy eating score. The association between health risk behaviors and food consumption was assessed through logistic and linear regressions. Regular users of alcohol were more likely to have regular consumption of candies and soft drinks, and those who used tobacco regularly were less likely to have regular bean consumption and more likely to have regular candies consumption. The use of at least one substance was negatively associated with regular bean consumption and positively associated with regular consumption of sweets and soft drinks. Socially isolated adolescents were less likely to have regular bean consumption. Substance use was positively associated with the unhealthy eating score. In conclusion, substance use and social isolation were associated with less regular consumption of healthy food markers and greater regular consumption of unhealthy food markers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text is a review of the book "Trauma in the Coronavirus Pandemic: Its Political, Social, Economic, Ecological, Cultural, Ethical, and Scientific Dimensions" by Joel Birman. The author addresses the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on mental health, highlighting grief, illness, suffering, and fear as consequences. Birman divides the book into 18 chapters, in which he discusses the global scenario of the pandemic, its impact on mental health and the economy, and the importance of a psychoanalytic approach to this time of chaos. The author also reflects on the relationship between the virus, the pandemic, and individualities, and proposes choosing the imperative of life as a strategic position for the construction of a "new normal". He highlights the social inequalities intensified by the pandemic and the vulnerability of the poorest populations. Additionally, Birman addresses symptomatic formations and trauma as an experience of chaos and psychic helplessness. The political response of countries to the threat of the coronavirus has resulted in different population reactions, leading to feelings of helplessness and discouragement. While some countries adopted social isolation as a univocal response, others, such as Brazil and the United States, did not have reliable protective instances. The author associates discouragement with refusal and perversion, highlighting President Bolsonaro's manifestations of contempt towards the deaths caused by the pandemic. Birman's work is an important compilation for understanding the circumstances generated by the pandemic and emphasizes the importance of alterity, interaction, and language in the construction of possible meanings in times of emotional fragility. The article discusses the medicalization in social space starting from the 19th century, through social control of contamination. The author argues that this control represents collective care and marks the beginning of health surveillance. [Extracted from the article]

Drawing on multiple sources, this article presents an analysis of a national survey implemented by Street Clinic teams in Brazil on the homeless population and the COVID-19 pandemic. Through the lens of certain ethical-political principles and methodological decisions, we focus our analysis on discourses about who lives and works on the streets during the pandemic, connecting discourse with experience. From the perspective of governmentality and biopolitics, we seek to shed light on power relations that reveal modes of government embodied at the street level – mainly related to isolation measures and social distancing – to create tensions surrounding the emergence of the notion of the homeless population in the midst of the pandemic. We conclude with a discussion of the precariousness that circumscribes life on the streets as a shared condition, and search for ways to comprehend forms of resistance and the right to exist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]