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The paper sewing kits in Guizhou are a kind of daily storage item, which is mostly made of local handmade paper. The producer uses the folding method to construct a multi-layer space, and draws decorative patterns on it by hand, making the paper sewing kits both practical and artistic. In the past, paper sewing kits used to be an important tool for Miao and Dong women to engage in handicraft skills in Guizhou. In modern life, due to the lack of raw materials, long production cycle, complex production process and other factors, paper sewing kits have gradually disappeared in local people’s daily life, being replaced by some convenient machine,made products. Therefore, the research and innovative development of paper sewing kits are of urgency and important significance. This paper analyzes and studies the visual modeling of paper sewing kits using the research methods of field investigation and physical analysis in combination with the three composition principles, and sorts out the following characteristics: first and foremost, the producer draws rich and layered decorative patterns by hand on the paper sewing kits, including plant patterns, animal patterns and geometric patterns. With the help of plane composition principle, we can find that the visual patterns of paper sewing kits are organically composed of points, lines and planes of different forms organically combined on the skeleton of " Chinese characters shi (ten)" and " mi (meter)" . These patterns with the form of multiple plane composition in the plane space highlight the regular layout and rhythm of the picture. At the same time, the special material texture and original ecological preservation method strengthen the unique texture and charm of the paper sewing kits. Besides, the colors of the paper sewing kits from the external homespun packaging to the internal pattern mainly include blue, yellow, red, green and so on. It is concluded from the analysis of the color composition principle that the paper sewing kits contain the holistic harmonic color and the partial contrast color in the harmonious color relationship, and the color lightness and purity are low. These visual colors not only have decorative function but also contain cultural implications. Red and green are the two most common colors in the paper sewing kit samples seen by the authors, which is obviously related to the local color aesthetic orientation. For example, red and green are the main colors in the decorative parts of Miao women’s costumes in Xijiang. The rich colors conveying the beautiful feelings and sustenance of Guizhou minority women, are also associated with traditional folk customs and religious beliefs. Last but not least, the paper sewing kit is folded and pasted from several pieces of handmade paper, locally known as cover paper. After being unfolded successively, it contains three kinds of boxes with large, medium and small specifications. Different spaces are suitable for storing different sewing supplies. The closed paper sewing kits are as thick as a book, and it is of moderate size and easy to carry around. From the perspective of three-dimensional composition, the producers of paper sewing kits skillfully construct storage space by folding and pasting and realizing the free conversion on a plane and three,dimensional level, which fully improves the utilization rate of space. It can be seen that the paper sewing kits are a folk artwork of ethnic minorities containing the beauty of composition, and its unique visual elements provide abundant inspirations for modern design. To truly integrate this kind of traditional thing into modern life, creative integration with modern design is needed to innovate practical products that not only serve the public but also integrate culture and art. This creative mode is also an effective approach and method to activate traditional folk art in the new era. This paper interprets the decorative patterns, color collocation and structural characteristics of paper sewing kits from the perspectives of plane composition, color composition and three-dimensional composition, and excavates its deep cultural connotation. At the same time, the authors pay attention to the innovative development of paper sewing kits in modern society, hoping to promote the innovative development of traditional things by integrating the visual elements of paper sewing kits with modern design innovation, so as to better inherit national culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed at determining the occurrence of chilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV) in tobacco in Guizhou and the genetic evolution relationship between the ChiVMV strains in Guizhou and in other provinces in China, so as to provide a basis for formulating scientific and reasonable prevention and control measures. [Method] 80 tobacco leaf samples suspected of virus infection were collected from the tobacco fields of Guiyang, Zunyi, Anshun and Tongren in Guizhou province, showing the symptoms of leaf mottling, wrinkling, necrosis and mosaic. Multiple viral primers were designed to detect the collected samples by RT-PCR method, and the detected ChiVMV was further amplified by PCR to obtain the whole genome sequence of Guizhou tobacco ChiVMV. Based on all ChiVMV genome sequences published by NCBI, sequence consistency analysis was performed and phylogenetic evolutionary tree was constructed to study the genetic evolutionary relationship of Guizhou ChiVMV tobacco isolates. [Result] The results of RT-PCR showed that the detection rate of ChiVMV was 37. 50%, the detection rate of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was 48. 75%, and the detection rate of potato virus Y (PVY) was 35. 00%. The detection rate of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) was only 8. 75%. Four complex infection types TMV + PVY, PVY + ChiVMV, PVY + CMV and ChiVMV + PVY + TMV were detected, and the detection rates were 26. 25%, 6. 25%, 10. 00% and 3. 75%, respectively. Guizhou tobacco isolate ChiVMV-GZ (GenBank: OP589298) was obtained by PCR. Sequence consistency analysis showed that ChivMV-GZ was identical with tomato isolates from Sichuan (KC711055) and Sichuan tobacco isolates (MK405594) with high sequence consistency (98. 70% and 98. 50%). Phylogenetic tree was constructed and it found that ChivMV-GZ clustered with ChiVMV strains from Sichuan and Yunnan. [Conclusion] The damage of ChiVMV in Guizhou tobacco has been increasingly serious and sufficient attention should be paid. ChiVMV-GZ was isolated from Guizhou tobacco and amplified to obtain the whole genome of the virus in the study. Based on genetic evolution analysis, it was found that ChiVMV-GZ was most closely related to ChiVMV strains from Sichuan and Yunnan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, many countries and regions in the world have experienced the problem of population shrinkage brought about by the decline in permanent population. With the development of economic transformation and the construction of new-type urbanization, the urban-rural and inter-regional flow of population has accelerated, and the shrinkage of regional population has become a common problem. Based on this, this paper selects the population data of Guizhou counties from 2008 to 2017, using the annual average population change rate to measure the spatial trend of population shrinkage. A Multi-Scale Geographic Weighted Regression Model (MG‐ WR) is chosen to explore the influencing factors of the characteristics of the population change in Guizhou counties. We have found that:(1) From 2008 to 2012, the population shrinkage of Guizhou counties increased significantly, especially in the western and southern regions. Between 2013 and 2017, the population shrinkage counties in Guizhou decreased sharply, and it was mainly concentrated in the severe rocky desertification area in the southwest. (2) From 2008 to 2017, the main types of population shrinkage in Guizhou counties were phased shrinkage, followed by continuous growth, while continuous contraction was the least prevalent. (3) Social economic and natural environmental factors have significantly different impact on the population shrinkage of Guizhou counties. The primary driving factor for population shrinkage in Guizhou counties is government fiscal expenditure, followed by topographical fluctuations. Factors such as the distance to prefecture-level cities and provincial capitals have a greater impact, while the proportion of non-rocky desertification areas, per capita GDP, and the proportion of secondary and tertiary industries had a relatively smaller influence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior to this study, no species of Pseudophanias Raffray had been reported from Nanling, a vast biodiversity conservation area that spans five provinces in southern China. In this paper, three new species of the genus are described: Pseudophanias furcilobus sp. nov. (Guizhou, Guangxi), P. leigong sp. nov. (Guizhou), and P. mulun sp. nov. (Guangxi), suggesting that additional study on the diversity of this group in the area is required. These species are characterized, keyed, and compared to similar congeners, supplemented with illustrations of the habitus and other morphological characters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unbalanced pattern of population urbanization in Guizhou is mainly restricted by natural background conditions such as karst landform environment, and is also closely related to economic and geographical factors such as the developing difference in various regions in the province, the number and density of cities and towns. Based on the regional differences in the population scale and density in the Qing Dynasty, this paper discusses the regional distribution of the number, density and hierarchical status of towns, and analyzes the internal relationship between urban distribution and regional geographical factors such as population, immigration, historical construction, economic development and ethnic situation, which can deepen the understanding of the evolution process of Guizhou's population distribution and urbanization pattern, and provide a certain historical basis for Guizhou's population development and urbanization policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers a case study in frontier colonization, and the subsequent transformation of that colonization into heritage, in order to explore the peripheral processes and projects of state making in China. The paper approaches China’s frontiers as exceptional spaces that compel the state to perform projects of purification. Such projects aim to order frontier space through bordering and “civilizing” practices, yet tend to also have disordering effects. The paper argues that state territorialization of frontier space is achieved through ongoing efforts to order space through such purifying projects which, in turn, generate new disordered outcomes. This argument is developed through an analysis of historiography and heritage-making of “tunpu” (屯堡) culture in central Guizhou. The historiography of tunpu culture provides insight into the ways genealogical records, state minzu ethnic classifications, and contemporary efforts at heritage promotion can all be understood as purifying projects of bordering that in fact introduce outcomes which require more borders. Tunpu, in other words, provides a lens through which to appreciate the central role of the frontier bordering in Chinese statecraft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environmental problems caused by the development and utilization of mineral resources have become important factors affecting ecological security. Guizhou is a Chinese province with relatively developed paleoweathered sedimentary bauxite deposits, abundant resource reserves, and a long history of mining. And, the demand for bauxite in Guizhou is expected to continue to grow. However, long-term or unreasonable resource development has produced a series of prominent environmental problems, such as the occupation and destruction of land resources and heavy metal pollution in soil and water bodies. Based on the existing research results in China and abroad, this paper analyzes the current situation, distribution characteristics, and development and utilization of bauxite resources in Guizhou to explain the corresponding environmental impacts. The results show that because of the many types and high concentrations of associated elements in bauxite and the high alkalinity, heavy metal components, and radioactive elements in red mud, the development and utilization of bauxite resources are associated with higher environmental risk. And more impact of bauxite mining on regional biodiversity, soil, air, surface water, and groundwater need to be evaluated. This paper also proposes coping strategies or countermeasures of environmental governance and control to achieve the green, sustainable and high-quality development of bauxite-related industries for meeting future environmental requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why do provincial governments change policy, even when those policies have proven successful? This paper explores a debate regarding the determinants of provincial policy choice and the degree of discretion provinces are permitted in this area. It does so by scrutinizing the shift in Guizhou's development policy from a poverty reduction orientation to a wholehearted pursuit of economic growth, urbanization and industrialization. In contrast to those who argue that central experience, prospects for promotion or local conditions are key factors explaining policy choice, the paper concludes that Guizhou's shift in policy had more to do with the backgrounds and experiences of top provincial leaders. The result has implications for our understanding of central–local relations and local government decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, due to adverse geological conditions, intense human engineering activities, and extreme weather conditions, catastrophic landslides have frequently occurred in southwest China, causing severe loss of life and property. Identifying the kinematic features of potential landslides can effectively support landslide hazard prevention. This study proposes a remote sensing identification method for rotational, planar traction, and planar thrust slides based on geomorphic features as well as vertical and slope-oriented deformation rates. Rotational landslides are characterized by similar vertical and horizontal deformation rates, with vertical deformation mainly occurring at the head and gradually decreasing along the slope, while horizontal deformation mainly occurs at the foot and gradually increases along the slope. As for the planar slide, the dominant deformation is in the horizontal direction. It is further classified into the planar traction and planar thrust types according to the driving position. The vertical deformation of planar traction slides is concentrated at the foot, while the vertical deformation of planar thrust slides is concentrated at the head of the landslide. We identified 1 rotational landslide, 10 planar traction landslides and 10 planar thrust landslides in the basalt weathering crust area of Guizhou. Field investigations of three landslides verified the method's accuracy. Combining two-dimensional rainfall and time-series deformations, we found that there is a significant positive correlation between landslide deformation acceleration and precipitation. The landslide kinematic identification method proposed in this paper overcomes the shortcomings of the inability to accurately characterize landslide motion by line-of-sight displacement and realizes the non-contact identification of active landslide motion patterns, which is an essential reference value for geological disaster prevention and control in the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are many species of terrestrial Mollusca with rapid reproduction rates, a wide distribution range, and a large population. They are not only an important wildlife resource but also an important component of biodiversity. Previously, basic research has been conducted on the species diversity and distribution of terrestrial Mollusca in some nature reserves in Guizhou and Yunnan. The existing sample data of terrestrial Mollusca in Guizhou and survey results from Guiyang, Libo, and Xishui from July 2019 to December 2020 listed 316 species and subspecies (including 13 undefined species) belonging to two subclasses, four orders, 20 families, and 76 genera in Guizhou Province. From the perspective of species composition, the dominant family is Cyclophoridae, with 16 genera and 71 species; the second most dominant family is Bradybaenidae, with 15 genera and 61 species, followed by Helicinidae and Cochlicopidae with one genera and one species. The dominant species are Kaliella cavicola, Bradybaena similaris, Diplommatina herziana, Diplommatina consularis, Chamalycaeus nanus, and Plectotropis pseudopatula. From the perspective of geographical distribution, terrestrial Mollusca are the most abundant in the central region of Guizhou, with 17 families, 54 genera, and 170 species. The areas with the second greatest abundance of terrestrial Mollusca are the sub-subtropical humid areas in southern Guizhou and the sub-subtropical areas in southwestern Guizhou, with 18 families, 56 genera, and 152 species and 17 families, 57 genera, and 150 species, respectively. There are only 10 families, 18 genera, and 27 species in the eastern area of Guizhou. Similarity analysis of species in different regions of Guizhou Province showed that the species composition of terrestrial Mollusca in the southern area, northern area, and southwestern area of Guizhou is similar, whereas the species composition of terrestrial Mollusca in the eastern area of Guizhou is markedly different from that of other regions. This paper discusses the species and distribution pattern of terrestrial Mollusca in Guizhou Province and their resource characteristics to provide a scientific basis for the protection and rational utilization of terrestrial Mollusca resources and to further enrich the research data of terrestrial Mollusca in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[ Purpose] The present paper aimed to study the physical properties, soil enzyme activities and their correlation characteristics of wild Bletilla striata soil in different producing areas in Guizhou, so as to provide a theoretical basis for realizing high yield and quality of B. striata artificial cultivation. [ Method] 8 soil sample plots for the wild B. striata were collected in Guizhou province to detect and analyze the soil physical and enzyme activity index characteristics and the correlation between them. [ Result]The soil density was between 2. 06 -2. 55 g/ cm³ with weak variation. The soil texture was mainly clay loam and sandy loam. In most soils, the proportion of the > 0. 25 mm size soil water-stable aggregates reached 70% . The distribution of the soil water-stable aggregates size fraction were different, 2 - 5 mm size fraction was the dominant size fraction in 4 soil plots, < 0. 25 mm size fraction was the dominant size fraction in 3 soil plots. The dominant size fraction of soil micro-aggregate was 0. 25 -0. 05 mm size fraction. The activities of urease, acid phosphatase and sucrase in soil were significantly different with strong variation. The activities of catalase in soil were not significantly different with weak variation. Soil enzyme activity was strongly influenced by the soil density, soil aggregates and microaggregates. There was a significant positive correlation between urease and acid phosphatase, which could promote each other. [Conclusion] Guizhou wild B. striata has strong adaptability to soil environment. It mainly grows in sandy soil or clay with soil clay content less than 25 %, and some wild B. striata can also grow in clay with soil clay content more than 30% ; Soil specific gravity, soil aggregates and micro aggregates are important factors affecting soil enzyme activity of B. striata. The suitable soil specific gravity is 2. 06 - 2. 55 g/ cm³, the dominant particle size is 2 - 5 mm or < 0. 25 mm, and loam is the best soil texture; Urease and acid phosphatase can promote each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to verify pathogenic bacteria of kiwifruit canker and provide effective strain resources for biological control against kiwifruit canker.【Method】The pathogenic bacteria were isolated from infected issues of kiwifruit plants infected with canker by a convention tissue isolation method. The antagonistic strains were screened from the bacteria isolated from soil and healthy kiwifruit tissues by an inhibition zone method. The isolated antagonistic strains were identified by morphology and molecular biology methods. 【Result】9 strains isolated from the infected tissues of kiwifruit plants infected with canker were identified as Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidae. 35 strains were isolated from soil and healthy kiwifruit tissues. 3 screened Bacillus strains had the good antagonism effect against Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidae and the average diameter of inhibitory zone was 20.8-23.7 mm.【Conclusion】Three screened Bacillus strains lay a foundation for development and application of biological agents against kiwifruit canker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to provide the scientific basis for rational land-use planning, soil resources conservation and pollution-free agricultural development in Luodian County, Guizhou. [Method] The effects of five typical land-use patterns (forestland, natural grassland, artificial grassland, cropland and abandoned farmland) on content and environment contamination of Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, Hg and As in topsoil were evaluated by Nemerow comprehensive index, single-factor contamination index and Hakanson potential ecological hazard methods. [Result] The content of 6 heavy metals in topsoil was Cr > Pb > Ni > As > Cd > Hg and lower than the contamination background value of heavy metals in Guizhou overall. The topsoil Cd content was the highest in abandoned farmland and lowest in forestland. The topsoil Cr content was the highest in abandoned farmland and lowest in natural grassland. The topsoil Pb and Hg content was the highest in cropland and lowest in forestland. The topsoil Ni content was the highest in artificial grassland and lowest in natural grassland. The topsoil As content was the highest in natural grassland and lowest in cropland. The topsoil Cd, C.r, Pb and Hg content was high relatively and greatly influenced by human activity. Topsoil Cr had the same source as Ni, Hg and As. The topsoil As content was closely related to soil pH. The topsoil Cd and Cr content was closely related to soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) . The topsoil Pb, Hg and As content was closely related to soil organic matter (SOM). [Conclusion] Six heavy metals in topsoil do not cause soil contamination. The single-factor contamination index and potential ecological hazard index both are at the clean level. The pollution-free agriculture can be vigorously developed according to local soil nutrient, soil fertility and land-use pattern in Luodian County, Guizhou. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] This paper aims to provide theoretical and technical support for the efficient pesticide application of spring potato in high altitude areas of Guizhou. [Method] A field experiment was conducted on Weiyu 5, to explore the effects of different pesticide application dosage on disease index and biological effect of spring potato in Guizhou. [Result] After spraying the potato seedling rate were 89. 63% — 93. 37%, the disease index were 2.71% — 6. 17%. Compared with CK, the yield, number of single tuber and the yield of single plant increased by 1.55% —22.97%,2. 50% —30.00%,and 12.29% —42.68%,respectively. The best performance was obtained with 80% of the customary spraying dose. Pesticide spraying can significantly improve reducing sugar and starch content of potato, increase the reducing sugar content by 0. 01 —0. 14 percentage and starch content by 0.76 —7.43 percentage compared with CK. But the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and moisture content were not obviously affected. In terms of soil nutrient changes, the contents of soil organic matter, available potassium, available phosphorus, and alkalize nitrogen were increased by 6. 96% — 15. 47%, 1 . 75 — 36. 84%, 3. 57% —56. 09% and 10. 00% —14.99% respectively compared with CK. [Conclusion] In summary, 80% of customary spraying dose is recommended for high-yielding dryland spring potato cultivation in Guizhou. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The area of karst terrain in China covers 3.63×106 km2, with more than 40% in the southwestern region over the Guizhou Plateau. Karst comprises exposed carbonate bedrock over approximately 1.30×106 km2 of this area, which suffers from soil degradation and poor crop yield. This paper aims to gain a better understanding of the environmental controls on crop yield in order to enable more sustainable use of natural resources for food production and development. More precisely, four kinds of artificial neural network were used to analyse and simulate the spatial patterns of crop yield for seven crop species grown in Guizhou Province, exploring the relationships with meteorological, soil, irrigation and fertilization factors. The results of spatial classification showed that most regions of high-level crop yield per area and total crop yield are located in the central-north area of Guizhou. Moreover, the three artificial neural networks used to simulate the spatial patterns of crop yield all demonstrated a good correlation coefficient between simulated and true yield. However, the Back Propagation network had the best performance based on both accuracy and runtime. Among the 13 influencing factors investigated, temperature (16.4%), radiation (15.3%), soil moisture (13.5%), fertilization of N (13.5%) and P (12.4%) had the largest contribution to crop yield spatial distribution. These results suggest that neural networks have potential application in identifying environmental controls on crop yield and in modelling spatial patterns of crop yield, which could enable local stakeholders to realize sustainable development and crop production goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The objective of the paper is to explore a rapid and accurate method for diagnosing the biochemical components of Guizhou premium fruit plant. [ Method] Taking hyperspectral data of Passiflora edulis leaves and its corresponding leaf chlorophyll content as the data source, mathematical transform and discrete wavelet transform algorithm were used to process and analyze the spectrum data of P.edulis leaves, the sensitive bands were extracted by correlation analysis, and then the estimating model of chlorophyll content in P.edulis leaves was established by using partial least square algorithm. [ Result] The low frequency information of logarithmic transform separated from discrete wavelet transform and mathematical transform could significantly improve the estimation of spectrum to chlorophyll content in P. edulis leaves. The model established based on discrete wavelet transform L1 scale was optimum, which had high estimated accuracy and stability with R² = 0. 578 and RMSE = 1. 104. [Conclusion] As affected by complex geographical environment and climate condition, the spectrum data of P. edulis leaves contains a large amount of noise. The high frequency information extracted by mathematical transform and discrete wavelet transform has weak abilitying estimating chlorophyll content in P. edulis leaves. Compared with high frequency information, low frequency information has strong estimating ability of chlorophyll content in P. edulis leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to reveal the landscape pattern evolution and driving factors of karst rocky desertification area, and provide a reference for optimizing the land landscape pattern, rocky desertification control and regional sustainable development in the demonstration area. [Method] Taking the typical Karst Plateau Bijie Salaxi demonstration area as the research object, the remote sensing images of three key time periods were selected, including ETM in 2005, 2010 and OLI in 2015. 3 S technology and landscape index analysis method were employed to study landscape pattern and the driving factors. [Result] The main landscape of the study area was cultivated land, followed by shrub forest. The changes of landscape transfer were mainly manifested in the transformation from cultivated land to forest, grassland and construction land, which accounted for 73. 31 % and 24. 75 % of the cultivated land transfer respectively in 2010; By 2015, they accounted for 79. 80 % and 19. 99 % respectively. At the landscape type level, the fragmentation degree of cultivated land, forestland and shrub land was increasing, and the fragmentation degree of grassland and construction land increased first and then decreased. Except for the unused land, the landscape patch shape tended to be complicated. In the overall level of the landscape, the landscape of demonstration area had developed in the direction of fragmentation, complexity, discretization and homogenization in the last 10 years. [Conclusion] The implementation of rocky desertification control project, urbanization construction and land abandonment were the main factors leading to the change of landscape pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The objective of this paper was to understand the content and enrichment characteristics of trace elements in soil and plant(root) of wild Berberis in Guizhou Province and to provide the theoretical reference for cultivation of wild Berberis. 【Method】The contents of trace elements in soil and plant(root) were determined, and the correlation of trace elements between soil and plant(root) and the enrichment ability of plant(root) to trace elements were discussed. 【Result】Total amount of soil trace elements of Berberis guizhouensis Ying, B. pruinosa var. barresiana Ahrendt, B. weiningensis Ying, B. tsienii Ying and B. deinacantha Schneid. was Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Mo; B. veitchii Schneid., B. wilsonae var. guhtzunica(Ahrendt) Ahrendt, B.pingbaensis M.T.An was Fe>Mn>Cu>Zn>Mo. The highest content of the soil total amount of Cu was B. veitchii, the total amount of Fe was B. tsienii, the total amount of Mn was B. weiningensis, the total amount of Mo was B. deinacantha, the total amount of Zn was B. weiningensis. The highest content of the soil available amount of Cu was B. guizhouensis, the available amount of Fe was B. veitchii, the available amount of Mn and Mo was B. weiningensis, the available amount of Zn was B.wilsonae var.guhtzunica.The highest content of Cu and Mn in the roots of was B.wilsonae var.guhtzunica., Fe was B. deinacantha, Mo was B. deinacantha, Zn was B. tsienii. 【Conclusion】The trace elements between soil and plant(root) were correlated to some extent. The enrichment coefficient of Cu of B. guizhouensis was the highest and was greater than 1, and the other trace elements enrichment coefficient was less than 1.The content of the available trace elements in the soil of non-area of Berberis in Guizhou Province was more obvious than that of the whole area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The objective of the paper is to provide the scientific basis for rational fertilization in Jianhe County of Guizhou Province and similar areas. [Method] The effects of soil nutrient indexes(total N .organic matter, available N .available K, available P, total P and total K)on soil fertility are explored by using variation coefficient method, correlation coefficient method and weighted mean method, and then the soil fertility in paddy field and dry' land is evaluated by using improved Nemerow comprehensive evaluation method combined with the weight coefficient mean value of the three methods. [Result] The soil available k in paddy field and total P in dry land were at a lower level, while other nutrient indexes were at a medium-high, high and higher level. The soil available N content in six dry' land sampling sites with different plants was high. Soil total P and available k fluctuate greatly among sampling sites, while organic matter content fluctuates less. The soil available P in fertility factor weighted coefficient of paddy field and dry land was the highest, respectively 0. 2710 and 0. 2358 comparing the mean value of the three weighted method weighted coefficient. The available P is the main factor influencing soil fertility in paddy field and dry' land and soil fertility indexes is 1.52 and 1.63 separately. The soil comprehensive fertility was at a fertile level. [Conclusion] The soil fertility of paddy field and dry land in Jianhe County is at a fertile level, and available P is the main factor influencing soil fertility in paddy field and dry land. The soil N content in paddy field and dry land is high, which can meet the demand of crop production. Therefore, N fertilization should be reduced in production. The soil K content in paddy field is low, and the corresponding fertilization measures should be taken to improve K supply level in paddy field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paraphlomis kuankuoshuiensis (Lamiaceae), a new species found in the limestone areas of northern Guizhou, China, is described and illustrated in this paper. Based on its tubular-campanulate calyx, this taxon should be a member of sect. Paraphlomis Prain. The new species resembles P. patentisetulosa C.Y. Wu & H. W. Li, P. hispida C.Y. Wu, and P. hirsutissima C.Y. Wu & H.W. Li, but differs from these three taxa in the following aspects: the stems are very short (<7 cm), with one or two short internodes, giving the impression of having a tuft of basal leaves; it has sparsely setose hairs on the outer surface of the calyces and short fruiting calyces. The florescence, fruit period, habitat, and the geographical distribution of P. kuankuoshuiensis are also quite different from the three closely related species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective]The aim of this paper was to provide a reference for edible rose cultivation and industrial development in Guizhou, and to know the adaptation of the four edible roses, Rosa glauea(RG), Rosa damascene(RD), Pingyin rose(RP) and White rose(RW), to the climatic environment in Guiyang, Guizhou, through the quality analysis of color of flowers, shape of petals, weight of flowers, characteristic of leaves, and composition of essential oils. [Method]Biological traits were obtained by field invesligation and statistics;the essential oils were extracted with steam distillation, and analyzed by GC-MS. [Result] 39 aroma components were observed in RG, RD, RP and RW19, 22, 10, and 26 kinds of components were respectively detected from RG, RD, RP, and RW, accounting for 99. 48 %, 98. 00 %, 94. 00 %, and 100. 00 % in total aroma components. Flavoring composition in RG were citronellol and geraniol(51. 44 % and 20. 47 %), and that in RD were geraniol and nerol(32. 72 % and 22. 71 %), in RP were citronellal and geraniol(55. 87 % and 24. 59 %), and in RW were also citronellal and geraniol(28. 21 % and 30. 38 %). Essential oils component in RD and RW were the closest to ISO 9842:2003. Linalool, terpineol, geraniol, acacia alcohol and n-heptadecane were observed in volatile oils of RG, RD, RP, and RW, accounting for respectively 24. 78 %, 46. 28 %, 30. 83 %, and 37. 54%. [Conclusion] RD, RW and RG well adapted to the climatic environment of Guiyang area, and could be cultivated and generalized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to understand chemical properties and available microelement characteristics of soil for growth of wild Bletilla striaes, explicit suitable soil environment of Bletilla.striaes cultivation and provide a reference for soil environment selection of Bletilla.striaes artificial cultivation. [Method] The microelement effective state and chemical properties of soil for growth of wild Bletilla.striata were investigated by field survey and the sufficient and lack level was analyzed by indoor analysis to discuss restriction factors affecting soil available microelement content. [Result] The pH and content of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, rapid available potassium, available Cu, available Zn, available Fe and available Mn in soil of Bletilla.striata cultivation are 7.65-7.99, 26.86-280.58 g/kg, 1.55-14.44 g/kg, 0.47-0.99 g/kg, 1.89-19.52 g/kg, 99-641 mg/kg, 2.40-18.75 mg/kg, 70-122 mg/kg, 0.45-1.70 mg/kg, 0.83-14.66 mg/kg, 11.80-119.85 mg/kg and 24.88-52.55 mg/kg respectively. [Conclusion] The suitable soil environment for Bletilla.striats growth is alkalescence and needs higher content of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and rapid available potassium. The soil organic matter, N, P and K content has no obvious effect on Cu and Mn content in soil. The content of organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen and available phosphorus in soil is positively related to Zn and Fe content very significantly.Selecting the soil with higher content of organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen and available phosphorus can improve available Zn and Fe content in soil during Bletilla.striata artificial cultivation process, which is beneficial to growth and quality of Bletilla striata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective]The aim of this paper was to explore the distribution characteristics of soil nutrients in different recovery modes of rocky desertification control, and to provide scientific basis for further optimizing the vegetation allocation of rocky desertification control. [Method] Taking soil from five sampling sites as the study object, including Zanthoxylum bungeanum, Lonicera japonica, mixed forests, cardamom and abandoned farmland in Huajiang Rocky Desertification Control Demonstration Area in Guizhou. Soil layers of 0 - 10, 10 -20 and 20 -30 cm were sampled and monitored for 3 years before, during and after rainy season, and the distribution characteristics of soil nutrients under different recovery modes were analyzed. [Result] With the restoration of vegetation, compared with abandoned farmland, average values of soil bulk density, soil retention ability and capillary porosity in the four plots decreased respectively by 0.61 %, 7.97 % and 1.12 % , soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium increased by 53.45 %, 45.72 %, 80.81 % and 1.44 % respectively, hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus increased by 53.36 % and 25.80 % , respectively. In the same plot, the contents of soil organic matter and soil nutrient contents were all shown as during rainy season > after rainy season > before rainy season. With the increase of depth of the soil layer, content of soil nutrients of different recovery models decreased, nutrients mainly concentrated in the surface layer. [Conclusion] There were differences in nutrient contents between different restoration models, and vegetation restoration in karst rocky desertification area had an ameliorative effect on ecological environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】 The aim of this paper was to reveal the ecological risk of heavy metals in farmland soil in Liping County of Qiandongnan prefecture, and provide scientific basis for safe production of crops and prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in farmland soil.【Method】 The single factor pollution index, Nemero comprehensive pollution index and Hankanson potential ecological risk index method were used to analyze pollution degree of chromium(Cr), lead(Pb), cadmium(Cd), arsenic(As) and mercury(Hg) in cultivated soil in Liping County, and their potential ecological risks were evaluated as well.【Results】The average concentrations of Cr, Pb, Cd, As and Hg in the soils were 68.39, 23.55, 0.22, 6.16, 0.15 mg/kg, respectively. Hg concentration was 1.36 times as the background value of soil in Guizhou province. The average single factor pollution index of Cr, Pb, Cd, As and Hg were 0.74, 0.47, 0.31, 0.19 and 0.09, respectively. The over standard rates of Cd was 3.4 %. The mean value of Nemerow integrated pollution index was 0.68, indicating that there was no pollution in Liping county. The low, medium and heavier potential ecological risk levels of Cd accounted for 91.5 %, 6.8 % and 1.7 % respectively. The low and medium potential ecological risk levels of Hg accounted for 95.9 % and 4.1 % respectively. 【Conclusion】There is no potential ecological risk for heavy metals in cultivated soils in Liping county. However, there is still existence of ecological risk for relative heavy Cd level and moderate Hg level in some villages and towns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives]The purpose of this paper is to explore the effect of water retention agent (SAP) on potato growth in high altitude area of Guizhou, and to provide references for high-yielding cultivation of potatoes and efficient application of water and fertilizer in Guizhou. [ Methods] A field experiment including water retention agent dosage is done. This research takes the ‘ Taro 5 ’ as the experimental material, five water retention agent dosages(0, 37.5, 52.5, 67.5, and 82.5 kg/hm2 ) is arranged to study the effect of SPA on the yield, potato character, nutrient quality and soil fertility of potato, to determine the appropriate amount of water retention agent in this area. [ Results] The results showed that the potato seedling rate after applying the water retention agent was up to 93. 37 % , the yield increased by 7.96 % - 13. 37 % compared with T1 treatment, and the yield of single plant was 6.81 % -45.45 % , and the yield of single plant increased by 34. 92 % -83.31 %. Application of super absorbent polymers could significantly improve the potato starch content by 2.49 -5.35 percentage compared with T1 treatment, but the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, moisture content and reducing sugar content had no obvious effect. In terms of soil nutrient changes, the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus and available potassium were increased by 4. 61 % -27.01 % , 0 -19.01 % , 7.83 % - 15. 65 % , 5. 73 % -22.49 % and 5.08 % -25.42 % respectively compared with T1 treatment. [ Conclusions] The recommended application of water-retaining agent 52.5 -82.5 kg/hm2 was beneficial to high yield and soil fertility of potato in the high altitude area of Guizhou. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper was conducted to definite the characteristics of weed community in kiwifruit orchards and provide the basis for prevention and control of weeds in kiwifruit orchards in Guizhou. 【Method】The weed communities in kiwifruit orchards in Shuicheng and Xiuwen county were investigated by a visual observation.【Result】100 weed species, 34 families were found in 11 sample plots and the species of Asteraceae, Gramineae, Polygonacaea and Lamiaceae were 26, 13, 9 and 5 respectively. The number of invasive alien weed species was 20 and 60 % species of total invasive alien weeds belonged to Asteraceae. The occurrence frequency of Digitaria sanguinalis. Galinsoga quadriradiata and Artemisia lavandulaefolia reached 90.91 %, 81.82 % and 72.73 % respectively. Five weed species with the maximum niche breadth value were Solanum nigrum, Digitaria sanguinalis, Crassocephalum crepidioides, Artemisia lavandulaefolia and Commelina communis. Some invasive alien weed species such as Solanum nigrum, Digitaria sanguinalis, Crassocephalum crepidioides, Artemisia lavandulaefolia and Commelina communis occured in kiwifruit orchards seriously. There are 24.73 weed species in each sample plot averagely. The average value of Shannon index, Pielou index, Jaccard differential index and Bray-Curtis differential index are 14.41, 0.84, 0.82 and 0.82, respectively.【Conclusion】The weed diversity of kiwifruit orchards is very high and the invasive alien weed species bring about serious challenges to prevention and control of weeds in kiwifruit orchards in Guizhou. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to explore the structure and spatial distribution pattern of ecological-living-productive land with different function at village level and provide the decision basis for optimization of spatial structure and function of national land in Yinjiang County.【Method】 The diversity, dominance, combination number and combination type of ecological-living-productive land were calculated by taking 351 villages as analysis scales in Yinjiang County, dividing land type according to ecological, productive and living function and using quantitative geography and GPS. The structure and spatial distribution of ecological-living-productive land were analyzed by the indexes of level and location degree.【Result】(i) The diversity index of ecological-living-productive land was 0.81 and the diversity index was at the above-average level overall. The dominant index was 0.58 and the dominance was at the below-average level overall.(ii) The combination types of ecological-living-productive land concentrated upon the ecological-productive ecological double combination type, productive ecological-ecological double combination type and single ecological type.(iii) The utilization degree of ecological-living-productive land was 231 with a higher overall level.(iv) The location difference among types of ecological-living-productive land at village level was obvious. The ecological land in east and south region was of obvious location advantage. The productive-ecological land in north, northwest and central region was of obvious location advantage. The living ecological land in west region was of obvious location advantage.【Conclusion】The structure and spatial distribution of the lands with different function can be calculated by the quantitative geographic model, diversity index, dominance, combination number and type, utilization level and location degree in land utilization classification of ecological-living-productive land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wuchuan Gelao and Miao Autonomous County is located in the northeast of Guizhou Province, and in the border of Guizhou and Chongqing, having a subtropical humid monsoon climate. There is no severe heat in summer, and no severe cold in winter. It has distinct national characteristics, and there are many biological resources with national characteristics. A systematic investigation of biological resources in the county for nearly a month was carried out by organizing a professional investigation team. The investigation covered 5 townships and we visited 12 village committees and 26 villagers' groups, involving three ethnic groups: Gelao, Tujia and Miao. The biological resources closely related to the agricultural production and life of local ethnic groups were investigated, collected and sorted out. A total of 230 samples of all kinds of resources were collected, including 47 food crops, 75 vegetables and annual crops, 37 fruit trees and perennial crops, and 71 medicinal plants. Of these, a total of 73 were unique, superior and special resources. Based on general investigation and professional investigation, this paper analyzes the present situation, growth and decline of local agricultural biological resources, and puts forward some suggestions for the protection, development and utilization of agricultural biological resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cultivation of the economic crop flue-cured tobacco is greatly impacted by natural climates, making it a risk industry. In recent years, flue-cured tobacco production is influenced by extreme weather such as typhoon, low temperature, hail, frost, drought, plant diseases and insect pests. It is imperative to establish a sound insurance system for tobacco planting. In this paper, the practice and functions of tobacco planting insurance in Qianxinan Prefecture were summarized, the experience and existing problems in the practice process were analyzed, and finally the countermeasures and suggestions were proposed to further improve the tobacco planting insurance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ｋａｉｌｉ ｍａｒｋｅｔ， ｉｎ ａ ｃｉｔｙ ｉｎ Ｇｕｉｚｈｏｕ Ｐｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ， Ｓｏｕｔｈｗｅｓｔ Ｃｈｉｎａ ｗａｓ ｓｐｏｎｔａｎｅｏｕｓｌｙ ｏｒｇａｎｉｚｅｄ ｂｙ ｌｏｃａｌ ｍｉｎｏｒｉｔｙ． Ｌｏｔｓ ｏｆ Ｍｉａｏ ｍｅｄｉｃｉｎａｌ ｐｌａｎｔｓ ｗｅｒｅ ｔｒａｄｅｄ ｈｅｒｅ， ａｎｄ ｔｈｅｒｅ ａｒｅ ａｌｓｏ ｖａｒｉｏｕｓ ｅｔｈｎｏｍｅｄｉｃｉｎａｌ ｐｌａｎｔｓ ｕｓｅｄ ｂｙ Ｄｏｎｇ ｅｔｈｎｉｃ ｐｅｏｐｌｅ， ｐｌａｙｉｎｇ ａｎ ｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔ ｒｏｌｅ ｆｏｒ ｔｈｅ ａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ， ｃｏｎｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎ ａｎｄ ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｔｒａｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌ Ｄｏｎｇ ｍｅｄｉｃｉ ｎａｌ ｋｎｏｗｌｅｄｇｅ． Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ， ｆｅｗ ｒｅｃｏｒｄｓ ａｂｏｕｔ Ｄｏｎｇ ｍｅｄｉｃｉｎａｌ ｐｌａｎｔｓ ｆｒｏｍ ｔｈｅ ｍａｒｋｅｔ ｈａｄ ｂｅｅｎ ｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｄ． Ｂａｓｅｄ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ａｐｐｒｏａｃｈｅｓ ｏｆ ｅｔｈｎｏｂｏｔａｎｙ ａｎｄ ｔａｘｏｎｏｍｙ， ｓｉｘ ｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｉｏｎｓ ｗｅｒｅ ｃａｒｒｉｅｄ ｏｕｔ ｄｕｒｉｎｇ ２０１４－２０１７． Ｔｈｅ ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｍｅｄｉｃｉｎａｌ ｐｌａｎｔｓ ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｐｌａｎｔ ｓａｍｐｌｅｓ ｗｅｒｅ ｃｏｌｌｅｃｔｅｄ ｗｉｔｈ ａｓｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅ ｆｒｏｍ ｔｈｅ ｌｏｃａｌ ｐｅｏｐｌｅ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｍｅｄｉｃｉｎａｌ ｍａｒｋｅｔ ａｎｄ ｓｕｒｒｏｕｎｄｉｎｇ ａｒｅａｓ ｄｕｒｉｎｇ ｔｈｅ ｆｉｅｌｄ ｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｉｏｎｓ． Ｔｈｅ ｒｅｓｕｌｔ ｓｈｏｗｅｄ ｔｈａｔ ａ ｔｏｔａｌ ｏｆ １１１ ｍｅｄｉｃｉｎａｌ ｐｌａｎｔ ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ ｕｓｅｄ ｂｙ Ｄｏｎｇ ｐｅｏｐｌｅ ｗｅｒｅ ｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｅｄ， ｗｈｉｃｈ ｂｅｌｏｎｇ ｔｏ ６５ ｆａｍｉｌｉｅｓ ａｎｄ １００ ｇｅｎｅｒａ． Ｔｈｅ ｎｕｍｂｅｒ ｏｆ ｆａｍｉｌｉｅｓ ｃｏｎｔａｉｎｉｎｇ ｍｏｒｅ ｔｈａｎ ｆｏｕｒ ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ ｉｎｃｌｕｄｅｓ Ｌｉｌｉａｃｅａｅ （６ ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ， ５．４％）， Ｕｍｂｅｌｌｉｆｅｒａｅ （５ ｓｐｐ．， ４．５％）， Ｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔａｅ （５ ｓｐｐ．， ４．５％）， Ａｒａｃｅａｅ（５ ｓｐｐ．， ４．５％）， ａｎｄ Ｇｅｓｎｅｒｉａｃｅａｅ （４ ｓｐｐ．， ３．６％）． Ｌｉｆｅ ｆｏｒｍｓ ｓｈｏｗｅｄ ｔｈａｔ ｈｅｒｂａｃｅｏｕｓ ｐｌａｎｔｓ ｃｏｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｄ ｔｈｅ ｈｉｇｈｅｓｔ ｐｒｏｐｏｒｔｉｏｎ （７９．３％） ｒｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｅｄ ｂｙ ８８ ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ． Ｕｓｉｎｇ ｐａｒｔ ａｌｓｏ ｓｈｏｗｅｄ ｔｈｅ ｄｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ， ｗｈｉｌｅ ｔｈｅ ｗｈｏｌｅ ｐｌａｎｔｓ ｕｓｅｄ ｆｏｒ ｔｒｅａｔｉｎｇ ａｉｌｍｅｎｔｓ ｒｅａｃｈｅｄ ｔｏ ５０％ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｔｏｔａｌ ｍｅｄｉｃｉｎｅ． Ｂｙ ｃｏｍｐａｒｉｎｇ ｗｉｔｈ Ｍｉａｏ ｍｅｄｉｃｉｎｅ， Ｄｏｎｇ ｐｅｏｐｌｅ ｈａｖｅ ｕｎｉｑｕｅ ｍｅｔｈｏｄｓ ａｎｄ ｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅ ｔｏ ｔｒｅａｔ ｄｉｓｅａｓｅｓ， ｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｌｙ ｆｏｃｕｓｉｎｇ ｏｎ ｔｒａｕｍａｔｉｃ ｉｎｊｕｒｙ ａｎｄ ｒｈｅｕｍａｔｉｓｍ． Ｔｈｅｉｒ ｍｅｄｉｃｉｎａｌ ｕｓｅｓ ａｒｅ ｃｌｏｓｅｌｙ ｒｅｌａｔｅｄ ｗｉｔｈ ｒｅｇｉｏｎａｌ ａｎｄ ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ ｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓ． Ｆｉｎａｌｌｙ， ｓｕｇｇｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ ｆｏｒ ｓｕｓｔａｉｎａｂｌｅ ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｔｒａｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌ ｍｅｄｉｃｉｎａｌ ｍａｒｋｅｔ ｉｎ Ｋａｉｌｉ ｗｅｒｅ ｐｒｏｐｏｓｅｄ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｔｈｉｓ ｐａｐｅｒ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the quality of human–computer interaction, it is important for computers to be able to identify the images quickly that can trigger pleasant feelings and create a good user experience. To reach this goal, the affective classification of images is an important prerequisite. Prior research into affective image classification used image features as categorical measurable signals. However, these techniques failed to provide a good correlation between the signal properties of image features and the expected affective experience of the viewer, leaving the research unable to bridge the affective gap. To solve this problem, in this paper we propose a method of affective image classification based on information about the user's experience collected through measurable eye movements and electroencephalography (EEG) signals. This approach bridges the affective gap by establishing an association between experience information (measurable signal properties) and the expected affective experience of the viewer. First, we screened eye movement indexes and EEG indexes to provide an affective correlation index. Then we built an experience space based on participants' physiological data obtained using an eye tracker and EEG recorder simultaneously. Next, physiological experience data from the experience space were extracted, analyzed mathematically and normalized to obtain parametric physiological experience data. Using a multiple linear regression technique, we connected the participants' affective states and physiological experience data. We developed a quantitative mapping between the affective experience states and the sample images to acquire the classification of affective images. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed classification method, we conducted a study in which 16 abstract art paintings were classified as positive, negative or neutral based on subjects' physiological responses. The results showed that the proposed affective image classification method was accurate and successful in identifying images that can lead to a pleasurable experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】 This paper aimed to reveal the heavy metal content and safety risk of river terraced rice field soil in mountain area. 【Method】 27 soil samples were collected from Jiming Village, Qingxi Township, Zhenyuan City of Guizhou Province. The contents of heavy metals(Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn, Cu) were determined, and then the contamination status and potential risk were evaluated by adopting index methods of single factor, comprehensive pollution, geoaccumulation and potential ecological risk. The source of heavy metal contamination in river terraced rice fields were estimated with the correlation analysis of heavy metals and principal component analysis. 【Result】 The average contents of Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn, Cu contained in the river terraced soil was 1.5, 61.51, 32.79, 160.78 and 29.61 mg/kg respectively. The single pollution index of heavy metals in soils follows the sequence of Cd > Zn > Pb > Cr > Cu, and geoaccumulation followed the sequence of Cd > Zn > Cu > Pb > Cr. The mathematic average value of comprehensive pollution index was 4.42. The order of single ecological risk index was Cd > Cu > Pb > Zn > Cr, and the comprehensive potential ecological index was 228.87, which illustrated that the potential ecological risk was in the moderate level and the Cd contribution rate to the potential risk was 94%, which was the major source of ecological risk in the research area.【Conclusion】 The soil is seriously contaminated with serious contamination of Cd, slight contamination of Zn and non-contamination of Pb, Cr and Cu. The source of heavy metals includes agricultural transport, traffic pollution and natural activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elevated concentrations of uranium have been found in many bauxite deposits, but the status of uranium in the ores and the mechanisms of enrichment have not been well understood. In this paper, we report a new case of uranium enrichment in a paleo-karstic bauxite deposit at Yunfeng, southwestern China, present electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA) and Raman spectroscopic evidence for the presence of separate U-minerals, and propose a model in which uranium was enriched through successive processes from chemical weathering through early to burial diagenesis. The Yunfeng bauxite ores, developed in Lower Carboniferous mudrocks overlying Middle to Upper Cambrian carbonate rocks, contain 18.0 to 62.4 ppm (average 35.1 ppm) U, which is much high than the abundances in average crustal rocks (1–3 ppm). Micron-sized uraninite occurs as rims of Ti-oxides, fillings of micro-fractures in kaolinite, and disseminated grains in association with sulfides in the matrix of diaspore and kaolinite. Trace and rare earth elements analysis indicates that the bauxite ores could not be produced by in-situ weathering of the carbonates underlying the orebodies. Instead, the precursor rocks of the bauxite ores are inferred to be black shales originally enriched in uranium that were exposed tens of kilometers away. Detrital grains of the black shales were transported and accumulated in depressions above karstified carbonates in the Yunfeng area, where they were subjected to intense weathering to form bauxite ores. The weathering of the shale clasts liberated much of the uranium due to oxidation of uranium from U 4+ to U 6+ . However, the majority of the U 6+ was reduced to U 4+ again due to availability of reducing agents such as organic matter and sulfides originally in the shales, forming nanocrystals of UO 2+x in close association with Ti-oxides disseminated in Al-hydroxides and clay minerals. These nanocrystals of UO 2+x were converted to uraninite during diagenesis, together with the convention of gibbsite and boehmite to diaspore and the formation of anhedral to euhedral pyrite and various Cu-, Pb-, Ni- and Co-rich sulfides. The recognition of uraninite in the bauxite ores is important for uranium exploration and for evaluation of the economic value of uranium as a byproduct of bauxite deposits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】 The present paper was conducted to verify the utilization value of wild tea germplasm resources and screen out excellent wild tea germplasm resources in Guizhou. 【Method】Major biochemical components of spring shoots and tea leaf traits of 73 wild tea germplasm resources from 32 distributing areas were analyzed. 【Result】10 tea lines of Q3, Q18, Q27, Q32, Q34, Q41, Q49, Q51, Q56 and Q66 were selected from 73 wild tea germplasm resources. Their free amino acid content of spring shoots and weight of 100 buds with one leaf both were higher than Fudingdabaicha(CK) significantly and their tea polyphenol and caffeine content was appropriate. Major biochemical components were basically the same between plant and cutting of 73 wild tea germplasm resources. The leaf palisade tissue to sponge tissue ratio and CTR of Q18, Q34, Q49 and Q56 tea lines were above 0. 6 and 0. 3 based on leaf anatomical structure respectively. 【Conclusion】 Q18, Q34, Q49 and Q56 tea lines with high free amino acid content in spring shoots, higher weight of 100 buds with one leaf and strong drought resistance should be utilized in tea production in Guizhou. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More than 20 laterite bauxite deposits have been discovered in the Wuchuan-Zheng'an-Daozhen region, northern Guizhou province, which is important bauxite orefield of China. Based on the reflectance spectra characteristics and low SiO2 content of bauxite ore, this paper applied the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) imagery to produce large-middle scale remote sensing geological interpretation, map the orebearing stratum, extract metallogenic zones for bauxite deposits by using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and SiO2 index. These results provide clues for future investigation of bauxite resources in this study area and an effective case reference for the remote sensing geological survey of bauxite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The aim of this paper is to analyze the contents heavy metals and identify the risk assessment in soils around a large-scale swine farm. [Method]Taking soils around a large-scale swine farm with long-term application of swine manure as the research objects, heavy metal contents, including Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg, As, Cu and Zn were detected in 45 soil samples collected randomly. Then the soil environmental quality was analyzed and evaluated through Nemerow comprehensive pollution index and Hakanson potential ecological hazard index, so as to find the potential safety risks. [Result] The average contents of Cd,Cr, Pb, Hg, As,Cu and Zn were respectively 0.30,34.22,68.43,25.47,0.29,40.23 and 184.93 mg/kg in soils. Besides,the heavy metals Cd,As,Hg,Cu and Zn were higher than the standard of Grade II . Cd,Pb, As,Hg,Cu and Zn were higher than the standard of Guizhou background value. What is more,the single pollution index of the seven heavy metals in soil is (hi > Hg > Zn > Cu > As > Pb > Cr and Nemerow comprehensive pollution index of soil environment quality in the tested area was 1.01. The potential ecological risk index was As > Hg > Cd > Pb > Cu > Zn > Cr and potential ecological risk value was 109.88. [Conclusion] The assessment result of Nemerow comprehensive pollution index indicates that the soil was slightly polluted,which has been applied with the swine manure for the large-scale swine farm,such as polluted by Cd,Hg and Zn. The assessment result of Hakanson potential ecological hazard index still indicates that the soil was at a minor ecological risk level and the soil was in low potential ecological hazards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【objective】This paper aims to provide references for eco-environment protection and sustainable development of Yunlaishan Karst natural area.【Method】 The phosphale-soluhilizing index，phosphatase activity，growlh status and carbon source ulilizalion were analyzed by isolating and purifying organophosphate bacteria from its soil.【Result 】The phosphorus uptake，phosphalase activity，gmwlh status and car-hon source efficiency of organic phosphorus bacteria (OPBS13, OPBS12, OFSB14, OPBS32) isolated from soil were different and the phospholytic activity, phosphatase activity and growth rate were as follows: 0PSB14 > OPBS32 > 0PBS12 > 0PBS13.【Conclusion】Phosphorus solubilizing ability and growth status of organophosphorus bacteria in Yunlai mountain, Shibin, (ruizhou province were related to ihe secretion of extracellular phosphatase by organophosphorus bacteria and were affected by the utilization of different carbon sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] This paper aimed to explore occurrence status and species of root knot nematodes in kiwifnjit orchards and lay a foundation for control of Meloidogyne incognita in Xiuwen county, Guizhou. [Method]The morphology, rDNA-ITS and specific sequence of root knot nematodes collected from main producing region of kiwifnjit in Xiuwen county were analyzed and identified. [Result] The perineal pattern of female root knot nematode adult had a high and square-shaped dorsal arch composed of wavy smooth lines from thin to thick and some lines were bifurcated on the side without an obvious lateral line. The similarity between sequence of specific amplified fragment and sequence of Meloidogyne incognita in NCBI Database (Accession number ;JN005841. 1. 1) reached 100 %,which indicated that the root knot nematode belonged to Meloidogyne incognita. [Conclusion] The root knot nematode endangering kiwifruit is Meloidogyne incognita mainly in Xiuwen county, Guizhou. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective]This paper aims to rationally manage paddy soil nutrients, provide the scientific basis for rational fertilization in rice production and realize high production and high efficiency of rice production in Guizhou. [Method]The paddy soil nutrient management sub-area is divided by taking accumulated temperature, elevation, topography, soil type and soil nutrient as subarea indexes and using the second-grade subarea method based on GIS technology. [Result] The paddy soil is divided into six first-grade subareas according to the subarea indexes of topography, paddy soil type, effective accumulated temperature and elevation and nine soil nutrient management subareas are divided according to soil nutrient indexes based on the first-grade subarea results in Guizhou. [Conclusion] The complex effective accumulated temperature, topography, soil type and soil nutrient are orderly classified by planning management subarea of paddy soil nutrients in Guizhou. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Leishan-Rongjiang antimony ore field (LAOF) is in a unique geotectonic location in the uplift between the Youjiang and Xiangzhong basins. This paper focuses on two representative deposits in the LAOF: the Bameng and Peize antimony (Sb) deposits. We analyzed fluid inclusions (FIs) in stibnite and coexisting quartz, as well as the sulfur isotopic composition of stibnite, to better understand the nature of the ore-forming fluid and the metallogenic process. The FIs data from samples of the stibnite and coexisting quartz indicate that the ore-forming fluids were characterized by low-temperature (150-210 °C), low-salinity (1.5 wt%-6.0 wt% NaCl equiv.), and low-density (0.872-0.961 g/cm). The δS values of stibnite (−8.21‰ to 3.76‰, average = −6.30‰) fall in between the sulfur isotopic compositions of the mantle and of biogenic sulfur in sedimentary rocks. However, the δS values (−4.41‰ to +0.04‰, average = −2.49‰) of the ore-forming fluids are generally closer to the sulfur isotopic composition of the mantle source, indicating that the sulfur in the LAOF was mainly sourced from the mantle, but with possible involvement of biogenic sulfur. In addition, FIs petrography and ore deposit geology show that fluid boiling resulted from an abrupt decrease in pressure, which may have triggered the precipitation of stibnite. We conclude that low-temperature, dilute hydrothermal fluids with mixed origins migrated along the regional fault and interacted with the wall rock, extracting the ore-forming materials. Then, the ore-forming fluids were injected into the fault fracture zones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】 The present paper aims to provide a reference for rational utilization and scientific fertilization of paddy soil in Guizhou. 【Method】 The temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of paddy soil nutrients was analyzed by ArcGIS geostatistics method and Kriging theoretical model based on the determination data of 177 944 representative topsoil samples from rice-growing areas of nine regions ,Guizhou. 【Result】 The organic matter, total nitrogen and rapidly available potassium content and pH of paddy soil present the declining trends and available phosphorus content shows a rising trend compared with the data from the second national soil survey (1991) from angle of time series. There are quite differences in available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium content and pH of paddy soil but less difference in organic matter and total nitrogen content from angle of spatial distribution. The acidic paddy soil of most regions in Southeastern Guizhou has a higher total nitrogen and organic matter content and lower rapidly available potassium content. The organic matter, total nitrogen and available phosphorus content of paddy soil in Sinan and Shiqian county is low. The water-logging paddy soil has higher nutrient content but the gleyed paddy soil has higher organic matter and total nitrogen content and the lowest available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium content. 【Conclusion 】The nutrient content and pH of paddy soil show a declining trend compared with in 1991. There is a certain difference in soil nutrients among different regions. The nutrients ' content of water-logging paddy soil is the highest among four different paddy soil types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】 The present paper aims to fully utilize local sorghum resources and provide the basic data for breeding of sorghum varieties with resistance to arthracnose in Guizhou. 【Method】 The resistance to arthracnose of 64 local sorghum varieties was identified by the natural inoculation method in the field. 【Result】B14 , B60 , C31, D1 and D8 with the second resistant grade is of the moderate resistance. 37 local varieties and Hongyingzi (CK) with the third resistant grade are of the moderate susceptible. 21 varieties with the fourth resistant grade are of the high susceptible. The yield of B1, D39 and D55 can reach 493. 6, 466. 9 and 555. 9 kg/667m2 , respectively. The yield of B14 was the same as Hongyingzi basically and the yield of other varieties was less than Hongyingzi. 【Conclusion】B14 , B60 , C31, D1 and D8 with the moderate resistance to arthracnose can be used in disease-resistant breeding and mechanism research of sorghum varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper established the model of agricultural drought disaster risk evaluation and assessment index system, defined disaster risk threshold value by using the grey correlation, analytic hierarchy process (AHP), weighted synthesis method, natural hazards index method and Fisher optimal partitioning method in the case of Xiuwen, Rongjian, Yinjiang, Meitan,Nayong and Xingren County in Guizhou province. Considering factors of natural, social economic, hazard of disaster-causing factors, the exposure and vulnerability of hazard bearing body and drought resistance ability, guided by theory of meteorology, agricultural science, disaster science, natural disaster risk science and other multi-disciplinary theories, scientific of the model is verified by relevance analysis of crop yield losses estimated on the base of agricultural drought disaster temporal series and drought disaster risk index. The result can provide directions and guidance for drought forecast and risk management in Guizhou province and the similar area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evolution of the global sulfur isotope curve was plotted based on the δ 34S values of evaporates resultant from oceanic evaporation. In the long period of geological history the δ 34S values showed obvious peaks for three times during the process of ancient oceans’ sulfur isotope evolution, namely the Early Cambrian (+30‰), the Late Devonian (+25‰) and the Permian-Triassic transition interval (+17‰), but the causes of the abnormal rise of sulfur isotopic values during the geological period are still in question. In this paper, 18 samples collected from a large Devonian barite deposit from Zhenning County were analyzed to determine their δ 34S values, revealing that the 18 samples have very high δ 34S values (δ 34S=41.88‰–+68.39‰), with an average close to 56.30‰, which are higher than the isotopic values of contemporary sulfates (+17‰–+25‰). A comparative analysis was conducted of the emerging of high δ 34S barite deposits (from Cambrian and Devonian) and the δ 34S variation curves of the ancient oceans. The results indicate that the time when the obvious peaks of δ 34S values appeared and the time of massive sedimentation of high δ 34S barite deposits are very close to each other, which, in our opinion, is not a coincidence. There may exist some correlations between the sulfur isotope evolution of ancient oceans during the diverse periods of geological history and the massive sedimentation of high δ 34S barite deposits. Therefore, it is inferred that perhaps it was the massive sedimentation of high δ 34S barites that caused the sharp rise of δ 34S values in a short period of time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Soil erosion is a main cause of land degradation, and in its accelerated form is also one of the most serious ecological environmental problems. Moreover, there are few studies on migration of mercury (Hg) induced by soil erosion in seriously Hg-polluted districts. This paper selected Wanshan Hg mining area, SW China as the study area. Revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) and Geographic information system (GIS) methods were applied to calculate soil and Hg erosion and to classify soil erosion intensity. Our results show that the soil erosion rate can reach up to 600,884tkm−2 yr−1. Surfaces associated with very slight and extremely severe erosion include 76.6% of the entire land in Wanshan. Furthermore, the cumulative erosion rates in the area impacted by extremely severe erosion make up 90.5% of the total. On an annual basis, Hg surface erosion load was predicted to be 505kgyr−1 and the corresponding mean migration flux of Hg was estimated to be 3.02kgkm−2 yr−1. The erosion loads of Hg resulting from farmland and meadow soil were 175 and 319kgyr−1 respectively, which were enhanced compared to other landscape types due to the fact that they are generally located in the steep zones associated with significant reclamation. Contributing to establish a mass balance of Hg in Wanshan Hg mining area, this study supplies a dependable scientific basis for controlling soil and water erosion in the local ecosystems. Land use change is the most effective way for reducing Hg erosion load in Wanshan mining area. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

With the continuous development of gold ore prospecting and exploration in recent years a new type of micro-disseminated gold deposits have been found in the regions of Southwest Guizhou Province and Northwest Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, with the orebodies directly occurring in diabase or in the contact zone between diabase and strata. The orebodies are strictly controlled by fault structures. The discovery of this type of gold deposits has brought about new prospects for gold ore prospecting in the Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi Golden Triangle region. From the preliminary analysis of the geological characteristics of the Qiaoxiang gold deposit in Wangmo County, in combination with the results of research work in the adjacent areas in recent years, this paper roughly described the geological characteristics and metallogenic conditions of this type of gold ore deposits with an attempt to make more and more geologists pay enough attention to this type of gold ore deposits, so as to promote gold ore prospecting in Guizhou Province to develop toward a variety of types of gold deposits in all round way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper describes the influence of siliceous and iron-rich calcic low-temperature hydrothermal fluids (LTHF) on the mineralogy and geochemistry of the Late Permian No. 11 Coal (anthracitic, Rr=2.85%) in the Dafang Coalfield in northwestern Guizhou Province, China. The No. 11 Coal has high contents of vein ankerite (10.2 vol.%) and vein quartz (11.4 vol.%), with formation temperatures of 85 and 180 °C, respectively, indicating that vein ankerite and vein quartz were derived from low-temperature calcic and siliceous hydrothermal fluids in two epigenetic episodes. The vein quartz appears to have formed earlier than vein ankerite did, and at least three distinct stages of ankerite formation with different Ca/Sr and Fe/Mn ratios were observed. The two types of mineral veins are sources of different suites of major and trace metals. Scanning electron microscope and sequential extraction studies show that, in addition to Fe, Mg, and Ca, vein ankerite is the dominant source of Mn, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the coal, and the contents of these five elements are as high as 0.09% and 74.0, 33.6, 185, and 289 μg/g, respectively. In contrast, vein quartz is the main carrier mineral for platinum-group elements (PGEs) Pd, Pt, and Ir in the coal, and the contents of Pd, Pt, and Ir are 1.57, 0.15, and 0.007 μg/g, respectively. Sequential extraction showed a high PGE content in the silicate fraction, up to 10.4 μg/g Pd, 1.23 μg/g Pt, and 0.05 μg/g Ir, respectively. It is concluded that the formation of ankerite and quartz and the anomalous enrichment of trace elements in the No. 11 Coal in the Dafang Coalfield, Guizhou, result from the influx of calcic and siliceous low-temperature hydrothermal fluids. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper illustrates a real environmental concern and draws attention to the fact that natural processes can mobilize thallium (Tl), a highly toxic metal, which may enter the food chain as a “hidden health killer” with severe health impacts on local human population. Natural processes may be exacerbated by human activities such as mining and farming, and may cause enrichment of Tl in the environment. In geochemically anomalous areas with concentrated levels of Tl in the surface environment (bedrocks, waters, soils, and crops), such as the Lanmuchang area in southwestern Guizhou Province, China, it is essential to establish base-level values and to pay heed to the geological context of “natural contamination,” as high concentrations of Tl in bedrocks/ores (6–35,000 mg/kg) can lead to enrichment of Tl in the aquatic system (0.005–1100 μg/l in groundwaters and 0.07–31 μg/l in surface waters) and soil layers (1.5–124 mg/kg). In sensitive areas such as the Yanshang area of southwestern Guizhou, elevated natural levels of Tl from bedrocks may also cause higher concentrations of Tl in the surface environment, and thus more attention must be paid to geoenvironmental management of human activities if socio-economic catastrophes are to be avoided. Due to high uptake of Tl by crops, Tl can be transferred from soils to crops and remarkably concentrated in food crops. Concentrations of 1–500 mg/kg Tl based on dry weight (DW) were determined in many food crops growing on Tl-contaminated arable soils from the Lanmuchang area. The daily intake of 1.9 mg of Tl from consumed food crops was estimated for the local adult inhabitant of Lanmuchang. Thus, Tl is regarded as a latent health hazard with potential risk of toxicity in humans within areas of “natural” contamination by Tl. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: Strong laboratory capacity is essential for detecting and responding to emerging and re-emerging global health threats. We conducted a quantitative laboratory assessment during 2014-2015 in two resource-limited provinces in southern China, Guangxi and Guizhou in order to guide strategies for strengthening core capacities as required by the International Health Regulations (IHR 2005).Methods: We selected 28 public health and clinical laboratories from the provincial, prefecture and county levels through a quasi-random sampling approach. The 11-module World Health Organization (WHO) laboratory assessment tool was adapted to the local context in China. At each laboratory, modules were scored 0-100% through a combination of paper surveys, in-person interviews, and visual inspections. We defined module scores as strong (> = 85%), good (70-84%), weak (50-69%), and very weak (< 50%). We estimated overall capacity and compared module scores across the provincial, prefecture, and county levels.Results: Overall, laboratories in both provinces received strong or good scores for 10 of the 11 modules. These findings were primarily driven by strong and good scores from the two provincial level laboratories; prefecture and county laboratories were strong or good for only 8 and 6 modules, respectively. County laboratories received weak scores in 4 modules. The module, 'Public Health Functions' (e.g., surveillance and reporting practices) lagged far behind all other modules (mean score = 46%) across all three administrative levels. Findings across the two provinces were similar.Conclusions: Laboratories in Guangxi and Guizhou are generally performing well in laboratory capacity as required by IHR. However, we recommend targeted interventions particularly for county-level laboratories, where we identified a number of gaps. Given the importance of surveillance and reporting, addressing gaps in public health functions is likely to have the greatest positive impact for IHR requirements. The quantitative WHO laboratory assessment tool was useful in identifying both comparative strengths and weaknesses. However, prior to future assessments, the tool may need to be aligned with the new WHO IHR monitoring and evaluation framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]