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The possibility of linking paper to digital information is enhanced by recent developments in printed electronics. In this article we report the design and evaluation of a local newspaper augmented with capacitive touch regions and an embedded Bluetooth chip working with an adjunct device. These allowed the interactive playback of associated audio and the registration of manual voting actions on the web. Design conventions inherited from paper and the web were explored by showing four different versions of an interactive newspaper to 16 community residents. The diverse responses of residents are described, outlining the potential of the approach for local journalism and recommendations for the design of interactive newsprint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines code-switching as a language style of Yoruba newspapers, within the larger context of the day-to-day speech mannerisms of Nigerians. This linguistic mode is a result of culture mix and has encroached on the indigenous languages of the peoples, and the style (of the writings) of indigenous language media. The paper analyses the texts of Alaroye newspaper to demonstrate the phenomenon. Questions raised concerned the purpose of code-switching, as well as its effects on Yoruba language and influence on respondents' interest in reading Alaroye. Survey and content analysis were the research designs used, while purposive sampling was preferred for the selection of seventy-five respondents to the questionnaire and six who were interviewed. Findings show that code-switching simplifies, aids comprehension, increases interest in indigenous language newspapers and accommodates the bilingualism of readers. Respondents agree that code-switching contributes to the linguistic half-caste mode of journalism and society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, Chomsky & Herman's "propaganda model" was applied on the examination of the news coverage practiced by Brazilian mass media regarding the exclusion of candidates due to legal processes in the 2018 Brazilian and Venezuelan presidential elections. To this end, this research employs the chomskyan methodology of conducting a comparative study of the news content concerning the excluded candidates from each election produced by Brazilian newspaper O Estado de São Paulo between January 1st and May 31st of 2018. The analysis focused on: how the paper framed the matter in each case through representation techniques, the plurality of opinions presented, and how authors of opinion pieces positioned themselves. The results show that the newspaper's coverage corroborates claims of attacks on the freedom of candidacy in the Venezuelan election, whilst rejecting such claims in the Brazilian election. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This conceptual paper focusses on two fronts forming a broad assault on journalism, extending from more autocratic settings to include liberal democracies, and leading to what is now widely perceived as a crisis in news. We analyze these two attacks by presenting a framework integrating their sources and causes. We argue that the first attack emanates from commercialized media, occurring at economic and normative level, and has created, at least in part, the conditions that have enabled the more recent attack, which is more directly political, associated with the re-emergence of forces that are loosely categorized as populist. What is new in the second front is the geography and the constitutional nature of the societies in which this antagonism has grown. It extends now to long-established representative democracies that have come to be governed, or where new influence is wielded, by emergent right movements and parties who seek to cast the press as the enemy within. Abuse and even mortal danger increasingly have become part of the occupational reality of news-making. We conclude that this development is inscribed in the current material conditions under which journalists work, as well as in the materiality of the media through which they do so. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the process of trans-formation that occurred in the press and journalism from Rio de Janeiro, between the 1880s and 1900s. Mainly, the relationship established between the literati and journalistic companies was under investigation, paying attention to the daily newspapers. Also, the attempts of defining journalism as a profession itself were analyzed in pair with the rising importance of the conception of labor to the literary production from lots of men of letters in the period. The poet, chronist, and journalist Olavo Bilac was one of the subjects followed with attention, including his literary personal projects as the illustrated magazines. The documents used for this research were chronicles published on the press, registers from Almanak Laemmert, and the interviews contained in O Momento Literário, from João do Rio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The election of Jair Bolsonaro for the presidency of Brazil in 2018 had repercussions worldwide. Important vehicles, such as The Economist and The New York Times, have dedicated a prime space to the political event. In this paper, however, the focus is on the coverage made by South American newspaper sites that speak Spanish language shortly after the announcement of the outcome of the election. For that, nine newspapers from different countries were selected and their texts were analyzed through Content Analysis, by Bardin (2011). Despite the variety of context-related themes, Jair Bolsonaro and the PT, the texts had more resemblance than differences in the way they dealt with the subject, showing that the south of Latin America - even without much dialogue between its peoples - follows relatively similar paths, including in journalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

News about drugs is important for health professionals, businesses, and the general public. However, studies examining news articles about drugs are lacking. This paper uses content analysis to examine articles about drugs in 17 Spanish newspapers (13 general, two business, and two professional) from 2008 through 2017. On average, general and business newspapers published three articles about drugs every week, and professional newspapers published 14 every week. Overall, the number of articles about drugs decreased by 10%. The most covered drug-related topics in 2017 were cancer and generics; the least covered was preclinical research. Four times more articles were published on clinical than on preclinical research. Business newspapers published more about clinical and preclinical research than other types of newspapers. Articles about drugs accounted for 0.5% (n=838/178,926) of all articles in the general newspapers, 0.8% (n=468/55,800) in the business newspapers, 8.5% (n=415/4,856) in the medical newspapers, and 1.2% (n=19/1,645) in the science news agency SINC. This study used a new strategy to search and identify newspaper articles through content analysis of large volumes of information and offered relevant data to guide future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article I examine the first three decades of operation of the Colombian newspaper El Tiempo as a critical moment to understand the influential position the newspaper held in the country during a large portion of the twentieth century. In particular, I analyze the history of El Tiempo as a business, a topic usually unexplored by the history of the press and the public sphere in Colombia. In the first part, I explore the revenue and expenses of El Tiempo. I argue that facing the imported paper crisis generated by World War I, El Tiempo developed an effective commercial strategy that led the newspaper to become financially independent. In the second part, I analyze the internal organization of El Tiempo and the state of journalism as a profession in Colombia. I argue that the rationalization of tasks and the creation of a workers' union at El Tiempo anticipated some aspects of what would characterize the professionalization of national journalism. In the third part, I explore the printing technologies and means of transportation used by El Tiempo to print and distribute newspaper issues. I argue that faster printing technologies and means of transportation enabled El Tiempo to expand its format and enlarge its circulation. In the conclusion, I suggest that the modernization of the press in Colombia led by El Tiempo had as a particularity that newspapers became modern while being the organ of a political party, in contrast to other Latin American countries where modern newspaper were independent from political parties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reviews the impact of digital technologies on Chinese newspapers. The diffusion of the smartphone has precipitated severe economic problems for the printed press. There have been falls in both readership and advertising revenues, which have had an effect on the structure of provincial-level press groups. The decline in economic viability has been felt most acutely by the commercially-oriented titles, while the more politically-oriented papers have led the way in finding new sources of funding. These sources tend to tie journalism more tightly to political and economic power, and lead to commercial goals replacing journalistic ones. This shifting balance of economic power has important consequences for the possibility of independent and critical journalism. The empirical material is specific to China, but it highlights more general theoretical questions as to the political economy of the media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the linguistic and rhetorical resources used in the discursive construction about the social actors of the post-conflict, studying nine editorials of the newspaper El Espectador, between the years 2015-2017. The research is carried out from the perspective of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), in order to make a theoretical formulation about journalistic discursive manifestations and a critical reflection on the social realities of journalistic language. The methodology was accomplished in two stages: an exploratory-descriptive and an analytical one. In the first, a compilation of the editorials was made to be submitted to the qualitative analysis program NVivo 11, reporting significant elements such as the frequency of words, co-texts, the Cloudmark and the conglomerates. In the second one a linguistic analysis was implemented to interpret the strategies of legitimation, naturalization and concealment used to construct discursively the social actors of the post-conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the analytical framework of the socio-economic, political and cultural development, based on the Political Economy of Communication, this paper describes, discusses and identifies tendencies of the Brazilian market besides presenting the efforts that newspaper companies are doing in order to find a new business plan that allows the survival and sustainability of journalism on the print platform. Based on empirical data is also looking to establish connections and analogies which justify what is happening with the Brazilian journalism in the print platform because both popular papers and the free newspapers are growing across the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research on media business models is characterized by a very high grade of experimentation and the absence of unique answers to the monetization of digital contents. In this landscape, the model of The Wall Street Journal tends to be mentioned as a reference of subscription's model. This paper shows how the most prestigious financial newspaper of the world relies on an hybrid model in which the free content represents the 73% of the whole content included in his website. Furthermore, this paper examines the main traits of the news put behind the daily's paywall, in contrast to the main characteristics of free content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on connected factors that contribute to United States (US) media reporting on anthropogenic climate change science. It analyses US newspapers and television news from 1995 to 2006 as well as semi-structured interviews with climate scientists and environmental journalists. Through analyses of power and scale, the paper brings together issues of framing in journalism to questions of certainty/uncertainty in climate science. The paper examines how and why US media have represented conflict and contentions, despite an emergent consensus view regarding anthropogenic climate science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

News writing is organized in accordance with a norm usually visualized as an inverted pyramid. The purpose is to support a focus to tell the reader, which information is the most actual, important and relevant. News is also stories about selected factual events narrated and re-narrated by sources and journalists. The involved communication acts of journalism are important tools in the hands of the writer by means of which news is made understandable, credible and interesting. The tools are used differently in papers and genres, and they are still influenced by the continuous competition among the daily papers in the market. The purpose of this article is to explore, punctually demonstrate and explain the narrative norms that govern the writing of news. It defends the point of view that the contextual conditions of this journalistic activity is developing narrative modes and voices that fit into the ongoing fight for the attention of a treacherous public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Explores the idiosyncratic evolution of `The Citizen' newspaper and the factors that allowed it to survive and flourish in the wake of the Info Scandal. Paper's functioning since the transition; Possible scenario for the paper's future in the new South Africa.

Political scandals have been observed to be increasingly common everywhere. In April 2008, the Finnish Minister for Foreign Affairs, Mr. Ilkka Kanerva, was compelled to resign because of the sensation arising from the enormous number of suggestive text messages that he had sent to a young female erotic dancer. During the scandal, the media followed this episode intensively. The present article considers what kinds of qualities for political leadership the media called for during this scandal and how these qualities were justified. The paper is based partly on quantitative but mostly on qualitative content analyses of the four most read newspapers in Finland. The results show five categories, the qualities being professional competence, personal characteristics and behaviour, trustworthiness, maintenance of relations and communication skills. The results show that the requirements imposed by the media are high, but that evaluation of professional competence is still crucial. Further, the occurrence of a scandal seems to trigger discussions on trust in politicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current context and changes in the communicational paradigm in the last ten years lead to think we are experiencing a moment of transition that entails the end of mass media, like different studies have concluded. Among them, the most vulnerable product is the printed newspaper, which disappearance generates few doubts. However, immersed in this moment of change, we cannot yet evaluate what means to lose a journalistic model that has prevailed for over two centuries and a half as informational reference. From this perspective, the province of Cuenca, in Castile-La Mancha, one of the two in Spain which today no longer has a printed newspaper, offers us a unique scenario to approach what kind of medium positions as leader in its place. Using a mixed methodology, based on the review of documentary sources and contents analysis, we analyse a case study that aims to collect tendencies regarding proximity media. In this case, the switching from one platform to another has devaluated very relevant journalistic genres, such as the photo news or the editorial, but also some core practices in the journalism, like the editing task on the material that arriving to the editorial offices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The management of the information via databases is one of the big innovations since the arrival of the computer science and telecommunications to the journalism. In this paper, we present the results of a project which studies ways of managing information and memory in four representative cases of media in Spain and Brazil. This research uses content analysis, observation and interviews as methodological tools and shows the importance of a correct management and recovery of the data at every stage of the journalistic process: documentation, production, recovery, circulation and consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper I examine the position of women as news reporters and editors – as journalistic authors and animators – in relation to their male counterparts, and consider changes in news coverage as their numbers increased in the newsroom over the past 50 years. I compare profession-internal guidelines which encapsulate gender ideologies pervasive in the larger culture – starting with a popular 1959 career guide – alongside journalistic genre forms, using as specific examples ‘women''s pages’ and ‘page one’ in the New York Times. The change from a backgrounded position on the ‘women''s pages’ to greater visibility in more prestigeful news contexts is indexed through macropragmatic factors such as byline (who is entitled to be recognized by name) and story topic (what counts as salient in the journalist''s world), both of which can be viewed in terms of their nonreferential index value within the community of journalists. Profession-internal critiques suggest that despite increased opportunities for women over time, the place of women at the Fourth Estate is still limited – and the discourse-level evidence supports that, affording a potential explanation for more global gender disparities in news media coverage. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper explores crisis coverage in local, small-market newspapers. Comparing relevant theory with the practice of journalism in Alamosa, CO's Valley Courier, this content analysis suggests close relationships between media, government and business in small communities, contributing to coverage that veers away from journalism's best practices. The result is coverage that overlooks potentially important information about the crisis' causes and eschews journalism's watchdog and investigative responsibilities, while offering local elite sources significant degrees of power over the shape of the coverage. As national news coverage contracts, situations like this rise in prominence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Linguistic exposures are image constructions and some of the most distinctive mechanisms in the discourse community of journalism. By exposing the journalistic writers add focus, detail and substantiation to their stories. Linguistic exposures are tools that evoke images in the readers' minds and help establish and improve the basis of interest and understanding. We are combining linguistic and statistical methods to investigate exposures in the news of five Danish national papers in order to determine how widespread it is, and with what force and impact the techniques are used. Our study contributes to existing knowledge by focusing on form rather than content. We investigate the creative use of specific structural elements of the language as the prevailing contact establishing tools of journalistic discourse. Our data are based on news from Berlingske Tidende, B.T., Politiken, Ekstra Bladet and Morgenavisen Jyllands-Posten. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we present an account of the experience of teaching digital journalism carried out in the Communication Faculty of the Universidad Federal de Bahia since the year 1995. The teaching model passed through three different phases; all of them articulated around products and the encouragement of research into new languages. In the first, involving methodological inquiry and apprenticeship, the Lugar Incomun newspaper-workshop, a weekly magazine completely prepared by the students, was launched in March 1995. The second, in 1999, involved self-criticism of the initial practices, culminating in the development of a tool for publication with the creation of the experimental newspaper Panopticon. The third, which began in 2004, involves applied research and attempts to implant a multi-user teaching and publication platform, distributing multimedia journalistic contents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the framing of Norwegian media coverage of the war against terror in Afghanistan with special emphasis of the coverage of the Norwegian military presence in Afghanistan. Two main issues are discussed: 1. How was the start of the war covered in the media in October 2001? 2. In what context was the Norwegian military presence covered? The two newspapers analyzed are Aftenposten and VG. The choice of these two newspapers was made to include Norway's largest and potentially most influential morning paper (Aftenposten) and its largest tabloid, as well as largest newspaper (VG). Quantitative as well as qualitative methods are used to analyze the coverage. Both Aftenposten's and VG's coverage on the first day of the war in Afghanistan are dominated by pro-US framing and the use of Western sources. The pro-US framing is more obvious in Aftenposten than in VG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers the author's insights on the possible changes and shifts brought by the Internet is the usage of newspaper journalism. The author says that she analyzes a quantitative data from a survey to investigate the changing newspaper using practices. She mentions that printed papers have proved to be an integral part of young Finnish people's everyday life. She adds that 38% of Finnish read "Iltalehti Online" while 33% read "Ilta-Sanomat."

The merits of two competing views of newspaper bias are evaluated using the New York Times' coverage of racial controversies in New York City between 1960 and July 1964. The idea that the news is biased receives only limited support. Minority actors were not prohibited successfully from presenting their case to the public, were seen as initiating a variety of actions and received similar placement in the paper for their activities as more powerful political adversaries received. The conditions under which information derived from newspaper stories can be treated as a reliable and valid record of conflicts are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]