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This paper criticizes the supply-side economic policy promoted by the UK government under Prime Minister Liz Truss. According to the conventional interpretation, the stagnation and productivity crisis in the UK economy is due to the excessive tax burden on large corporations and the tax burden on the richest 1%. If these tax liabilities were reduced, it would increase the profitability of investment, demand and the rate of growth. This would translate into better incomes and higher levels of employment. This story is based on the Laffer curve and associated with the "trickle down" hypothesis, falsified by empirical evidence. Tax reductions for the richest people worsen the distribution of income, and do not raise income or employment. The cause and effect is from profits to investment and growth; not from spending to profits and growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After 40 years of neoliberalism, even governments believe that they are inefficient when compared to the private sector. And economics, in its swing to the right, reinforces this view. The philosophy behind public expenditure for social purposes and the criteria for judging such projects has not been a subject of public debate until recently. In particular, industrial policy was very simple: leave it to the private sector to allocate resources as the market prompts. In Keynes's time, this was not the case. This article reviews some of the issues concerning the industrial policy that was aired in the interwar period. The debate needs to be revived, revisited and, where appropriate, revised to suit the present day, but on basic principles there is much to learn from the interwar discussions. The contrast between the recent (2018) UK government's White Paper on industrial strategy and the Liberal Industrial Inquiry's Britain's Industrial Future (1928) is quite instructive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific research in the communication field has experienced great growth in recent years. Recent technological changes, as well as the emergence of Web 2.0 and 3.0 and new forms of communication, such as social networks, have led to new and varied studies in the discipline. This paper analyzes the scientific production of the 27 countries with the greatest scientific production in the communication field in the period from 2003 to 2018. The results indicate that: the most productive countries are the USA, UK, and Spain; there is less international collaboration than in other disciplines, but there is a network of European collaboration that is quite dense and has great impact, and another network in Pacific countries (Asia + Oceania), albeit with lower density and impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines how governance actors in regional business systems engage with foreign-owned multinational corporations which are present within their territory, in attempts to retain investment and link their regions to global production networks. This is done through a qualitative analysis of policy and practice in six sub-national regions in three advanced industrialized economies (Canada, Spain and the UK), thus permitting both international and intra-national comparisons. We find that while there are broad similarities in the types of governance mechanisms used, there are notable differences in the extent and intensity of forms of market, state and associational governance of foreign direct investment. These differences partly correspond to broader institutional differences in the nature of business systems, and partly to the socio-political construction of sub-national governance space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzed some of the reasons why Britain participated only half-way in the European Union and ended up voting for Bremen on 23 June 2016. It also examines the options open to the European Union and Great Britain. Europe must show that it can work by showing results. In Britain it is necessary to break the established molds of thought and reshape the structure of political parties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper tries to assess a critical review of the subculture style theory of Dick Hebdige. Firstly, it draws an overview of his theoretical background strongly linked to the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies of the University of Birmingham. Then, this paper describes the theoretical construction which explains the subculture style and its application to the study of the youth subcultures emerged in the UK after the Second World War. Finally, some critical responses are shown in order to assess its scientific significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper traces key features of the BFI's evolving strategies for film education in UK schools during the final 25 years of the analogue era. Historically, the BFI did much to establish the characteristics of film study, but it also embodied tensions which have continued to preoccupy educators, such as the relationship between the instrumental use of film to support the curriculum, and learning about its intrinsic and distinctive qualities as a medium, or about its ideological function in society. The paper also addresses the question of whether «film» on its own constitutes a valid area of study, or whether it is more properly studied alongside television as part of «moving image media». The BFI has played a key role in exploring these issues and in exemplifying how film, or moving image media, can be taught to younger learners, but the internal vicissitudes it has constantly experienced have always pulled its educational activities in different directions. The central argument of this paper is that film education -and indeed media education in general- should be an entitlement for every learner, not something offered only to a minority or provided as an optional extra. The key projects described in this paper indicate some of the ways in which a publicly funded cultural institution can intervene in educational policy and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the reception that Francogallia, by French Calvinist jurist Francois Hotman, had in seventeenth-century England, and more specifically, during the constitutional crisis that led to the so-called Glorious Revolution. The aim is to determine the manner in which Francogallia as a tract that focused on French constitutional history became a symbol of limited power, which in turn was assimilated to a constitutional tradition that was presumed to have been shared by European states, including Britain. The intent is to define the contours of the tradition that the Francogallia came to represent within the framework of English constitutional thought. To do so, we propose the following hypothesis: the tradition of Francogallia was assimilated to a method that was based on historical example, and served in turn as a constitutionalist argument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The VFM audit has emerged as an increasingly influential force in the public sector. Nevertheless, as in new public management, vfm audit developments show differences among countries. This paper studies vfm auditing in Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom regional audit institutions. The aim is to evaluate the level of development of vfm auditing in these countries at regional space and to explain the factors that may create differences and similarities in those developments. Using actor-network theory, we describe two models of vfm audit development: the anglo-saxon model for the United Kingdom, based on the private sector, and the continental model, for Germany and Spain, based on a clear distinction between the public and the private sectors. The public administration style and the focus of public sector reforms have had a great influence on the final configuration of VFM auditing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to explore and explain the key "adaptations" by which community sanctions have sought legitimacy in the wake of the decline of penal welfarism and of the rehabilitative ideal. It shows how community sanctions have survived and even thrived in these shifting social, cultural and penal currents despite various predictions of their demise. The four adaptations that we identify and discuss include, respectively, managerial, punitive, rehabilitative, and reparative aspects. We conclude trying to contribute our analysis of the future prospects for community sanctions and their legitimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this paper is to verify how the management measures applied to the social services have contributed to "value for money" improvement in the UK. This term can be understood as a combination of variables such as quality, a rational use of resources and convenience in the provision of services. Nottinghamshire County Council is one of the local public entities that has implemented policies focused on generating "value for money" in the field of the social services. It is worth highlighting the design of prevention plans, the implementation of the personal budgets system, outsourcing arrangements, cooperation between the Social Services and the National Health Service and citizen participation in public decisions. To this end, the authors conducted a qualitative analysis of the results from a set of interviews with municipal management officers of that county, carried out in 2011. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the problems that UK faces on changing the rules of succession to the Throne. Must UK consult with or seek the consent of other Commonwealth Realms of which Elisabeth II is Head of State? Would a British legislative change to the rules of succession have any impact upon these Realms? What difficulties might Commonwealth Realms face in changing their own law and Constitutions regarding succession to the Throne of their State? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the behavior of the housing cycle, through the factors that influenced the evolution of house prices and contributed to its overvaluation in Spain, USA and UK. To accomplish this, on one side an asset pricing model is applied to estimate the price of earnings ratio for quantifying the overvaluation and undervaluation levels of housing prices based on its deviations from bonds and its historical values, in order to identify the risk level in housing markets. On the other, a macroeconomic model is considered for identifying the demand factors influence in prices evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between July of 1891 and May 1892, the Mexican Land and Colonization Company, a British enterprise with a concession over the major part of Baja California's wastelands, laid 27 kilometers of rail of what was to be known as the Peninsular Railway with the expectation of opening up lands to cultivation and settlement, and attracting investment. But the train's starting point was San Quintin, a shallow bay ill-suited to becoming an important shipping port and, as far as the tracks had been built, led to nowhere. However, the objective of this paper is not to analyze the reasons for which the railway project did not come to a happy termination. Rather, it focuses on the controversies and conspiracies which surrounded its construction, arising from the struggle between the United States and Great Britain for predominance in Mexico's far northwest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most important working lines of EU Social Law is the building of common ways of dealing with the workers' representation within the undertaking. Directive 2002/14/EC was a decisive step, being a global text that regulated the issue as its main question, and not in a fractionated way as before. Its impact, nonetheless, has been very different. This paper wants to make a comparison of its influence in several Laws: French (missing), British (decisive) and Italian (very small). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the educational philosophy, structure and contents of psychoanalytic training institutions, members of the I.P.A., which correspondence to a five geographic areas so their similarities and differences could be establish. Development: This comparison was able to be established from the information provided to the author, by those responsible for analytic training in each one of the institutes studied: Britain, France, USA, Uruguay, and Colombia. Conclusions: It was determinate that there are differences in the process of the psychoanalytical training. This differences are in previous requirements, duration of the training, structure, sequence, contends, minimum number of sessions admitted to performance a psychoanalytical cure, analyzed one's self and to analyze; as well as the function or status to be a didactic analyst. However, there is a basic common ground: The Eitingon triangle (personal analysis for the training, a supervised clinical paper and theories and clinical seminars). It concludes that this common denominator that prevails on every institute mentioned, permits the education of an autonomous analyst and one`s own construction of psychoanalytical identity, in spite of theories, cultural and geographic differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Just a little time ago, the economic impact deriving from crime within organisational business settings was not a matter of study, at least of a rigorous and systematic one. No doubt, the increasing interest for quantifying employee crime economic costs, particularly in American and British national economies, has promoted criminological research on criminality within business organisations. In this paper, a portrait of employee crime and other deviant conducts perpetrated within a company in a particular way arises because of the context. For defining crime prevention and control strategies in this field it is crucial to get radical knowledge on employee crime phenomenology; the relations between occupational profile and crime profile; and the situational factors that may facilitate the appearance of crime within organisational settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Companies need to measure brand equity to make the best tactical and strategic decisions related to this intangible asset. Therefore, this paper develops a measure of brand equity using a formative approach. Unlike previous research, this study proposes a second-order formative model and empirically validates this in two countries, Spain and the United Kingdom. With this aim, in addition to carrying out an individual analysis for each country, the measurement invariance is assessed following the recent procedure suggested by Diamantopoulos and Papadopoulos (2010). Results show that brand equity construct is characterised by some variations in its composition in the countries analysed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper about «separation of powers» shows, along 397 pages, eight interesting works from diferents authors with various perspectives. The first part analyzes the historic perspective of this principle and takes like illustration United Kingdom and its most important doctrinaire. On the other hand, rest authors speak about the present and future of this teoric principle. What problems have our society regarding performing powers? Whoever are property’s power actually? The reality offers new powers like, public opinión, mass media, economic agents, lobbys. The separations powers’s essence is now very different. What is it in fact...? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows the foundations of market societies in England during the eighteenth century, new legitimation forms for a class in expansion —the merchants and tradesmen—,the origin of new forms of property seen by the ideologies of virtue as a form of corruption. Such forms of property needed a discourse of legitimation, an ethos as a way of life and sociality based on "self love", which I have called "honorability", it consists in an image of self-approval formed by the modern self born from market practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the models of Public Television in Spain (TVE) and Great Britain (BBC), within the different contexts in which both entities are created and developed. We understand that the features adopted by cultural industries do not obey to immovable determinations but are the result of political, economic and cultural circumstances. The discourse of professionals working in these two media -obtained trough indepth interviews- will allow us to infer the concept of public service inspiring their work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article studies the preferences for co-ethnic concentration among ethnic minorities in schools, one of the least known mechanisms of ethnic segregation. Using a survey carried out among Bangladeshi, Caribbean, Chinese, Indian and Pakistani people living in England and Wales, the paper indicates that both the proximity to the culture of origin and the perception of a context of discrimination are factors related to the preference for seeking a greater proportion of co-ethnics when choosing schools. The article also indicates that the preferences for co-ethnic concentration in schools seem to be independent from other processes of ethnic concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Education about the media has been developing in the UK for at least 40 years. Various accounts of that history can be found elsewhere; this paper will just attempt to sketch out key features of the current scene, and to point readers to sources of more substantial information. Given that I work for the British Film Institute, a key player in this field, there is bound to be some bias in this account towards the BFI's perspective: my defence is that, as every media educator knows, no account is ever completely unbiased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The training of high-level civil servants in the world is becoming a central point of attention especially in those countries that are creating a professional, efficient, effective and accountable bureaucracy. This paper focuses on the challenges inherent in the set up of such a training system for high-level civil servants from the study of two cases: the United Kingdom and Poland. Despite the great differences in the two analyzed countries, it is interesting to notice the common features of their administrative reform, where training has played an important role; particularly, there are cycles of reform ranging from dispersion and decentralization to the establishment of harmonic policy from the center. This is explained by the administrative heritage of each country and, above all, by a constant distrust of political leadership towards career public civil servants. In the last section, there are some comments on the establishment of a training system in Mexico within the Career Professional Service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]