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Background. Physico-chemical modification of leather production waste opens up the possibility of their use, which reduces the environmental load on the environment. Purpose. Establishing a relationship between the components and strength of composite paper from modified leather and waste paper. Methodology. Modification of fibrous waste in an alkaline solution, differential thermal analysis, testing of physical and mechanical properties. Originality. An increase in the degree of leather cross-linking during the modification process was established, and the thermal and physical-mechanical properties of the composition were determined. Findings. Alkaline treatment of chrome shavings promotes the appearance of new polar groups and an increase in the degree of cross-linking of the product. The thermal effects of the leather-waste paperacrylic emulsion composite characterize the process of adhesion of the sizing agent to the fibers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper is devoted to the moderator’s intellectual work on the international research project “Encyclopedia of flat curves”. A process of creating the so called paper-matrix is described. One unexpected circumstance is brought to light: mainly, the content of a paper-matrix is determined by the project general functions, in spite of its reflection on the moderator’s personal views. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the article is aimed to study an important aspect of the preparation of a theatrical costume - its sketch creation in a set of tasks. In the historical evolvement, the sketch of the costume in the performances of Ukrainian theaters firstly accommodated the commonly used methods of performance. During the years of spreading the theatrical avant-garde, there was a significant step forward in terms of using new materials and textures to form special interpretations of the characters for visual solutions. A striking example of this is Anatoly Petritsky's sketches for two ballets: Corsair (1926) and Red Poppy (1927). Important methods for the study of the chosen topic involve consistent consideration of factual materials in chronological and artistic contexts. The first approach, which is based on the cultural-historical method, makes it possible to establish the main characteristics of the sketch of a theatrical costume within a particular historical period. The historical-comparative method allows comparing the features of approaches to creating sketches in chronological order. The application of the formal method reveals the special approaches of artists to the creation of visual meanings of the characters of the play. The novelty of the study is due to the systematic analysis of the most important parameters of the sketch as a type of work of art, a set of techniques used in the Ukrainian avant-garde theatrical and decorative arts. Conclusions. The analysis of the technological methods traced in the article allows us to state that in the projects of A. Petritsky's performances of the first half of the 1920s mostly established materials and graphic techniques were used. The artist intensified his experiments with textures in the middle of this decade, using drawing and applique to create an individual character, using not only different types of paper but also textiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The task of developing methods for treating wastewater from pulp and paper production is to select effective reagents and optimize the conditions for their use, which is necessary to control chemical and colloidal-chemical processes occurring in a complex multicomponent multiphase system «waste water + coagulant + flocculant». Purpose. To study the way of purification of wastewater from pulp and paper production using ash from the Angrenskaya CHPP and flocculants based on furan compounds Methodology. To determine the size of the particles and the fraction of the fractional composition, we carried out a sedimentation analysis of wastewater after processing the ash of the Angren CHPP without a flocculant and in the presence of flocculants of the «FEAP» series. The kinetics of sedimentation and properties of sediments were studied on the Uken device until the complete sedimentation of suspended solids. Originality. For the first time, the process of coagulation with the ash of the Angren CHPP and the kinetics of wastewater clarification without and in the presence of flocculants have been studied. The optimal conditions for the wastewater treatment process have been found. Findings. It was revealed that the peagent method allows wastewater to be purified to the maximum permissible MPC. In addition, the use of new synthesized polymeric flocculants of the «FEAP» series accelerates the precipitation of dispersed phases 6-7 times increases the degree of clarification of purified waste water, which provides prerequisites for the development of a local water treatment system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the transport characteristics of two-dimensional systems has been investigated. Modeling by means of the Yukawa potential, in a wide range of values of the nonideality parameter, has been carried out. The Yukawa potential was chosen because of its wide applicability in the description of screened interactions in plasmas and other systems. A molecular dynamics method was used to determine the transport characteristics. The study was carried out with the aim of expanding the knowledge of heat transfer in two-dimensional systems. The paper presented the results of numerical experiments in which the dependences of the heat transfer and viscosity coefficients on the screening and non-ideality parameters in systems with Yukawa potential were studied. The obtained data can also serve as a basis for further theoretical and experimental studies in the field of transport characteristics of two-dimensional systems. These data not only expand the understanding of the peculiarities of two-dimensional systems, but also can be useful in the design and analysis of nanostructures and various microdevices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper shows the possibility of manufacturing metal flux-cored wires based on high-strength titanium alloys of different compositions (Ti–5Al–5Mo–5V–1Fe–1Cr and Ti–5Al–5Mo–5V–4Nb–1.5Cr–1Fe–2.5Zr systems), alloy based on medical grade titanium (Ti–13Zr–13Nb system) and structural titanium VT6 alloy (Ti–6Al–4V system), reinforced with TiC particles. The technological moments of the experimental production of metal flux-cored wires by the method of drawing and subsequent pulling are shown. The study was conducted on using these materials as a filler metal in WAAM technology both in the methods of argon arc as well as electron beam surfacing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. A vestibular schwannoma (also known as acoustic neuroma) is a tumor developing from the schwann cells of the VIII cranial nerve. On average, 10% of intracranial tumors are accounted for vestibular schwannomas. Neuromas are slow-growing tumors, according to the Koos classification system there are 4 grades of tumors. Asymptomatic neuromas, measuring up to 1,5 сm, now because of the widespread use of MRI are diagnosed more often, which allows specialized monitoring and intervention if necessary. Treatment strategies for these tumors are still under dispute one of the new proposed options for possible treatment is neuroma excision while awake using the assessment of acoustically evoked potentials (AEPs), which provides dual control over the function of both the vestibulocochlear nerve, as well as facial and trigeminal nerves (Spontaneous Potentials, Trigger Potentials). In addition, if the group of caudal nerves is involved, their control is also possible, thereby increasing the chances of maintaining a satisfactory functioning of the anatomical structures bordering the tumor. Materials and methods. This paper reports on 4 microsurgical excisions of acoustic neuroma while the patient is awake, carried out at the multidisciplinary hospital named after professor Makazhanov. The selection of patients was carried out by an interdisciplinary team of physicians, consisting of a neurosurgeon, a neurologist, a neuropsychologist, and a speech therapist. Results. The results of the research are controversial, two of the treated patients noticed a slight improvement in hearing, and the third patient lacked any dynamics, while the forth patient was dissatisfied due to hearing impairment. Conclusion. The functioning of the facial and other nerves of operated patients was not affected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of information technologies, which has led to an increase in the amount of multimedia content in World traffic, makes the role of the steganographic component in modern information protection systems significant. At the same time, to ensure steganographic protection of information in real-time when operating with digital video, the steganographic method is expected to meet the main effectivity criteria, as well as provide a low level of computational complexity, which is possible when performing steganographic transformation in the spatial domain of the container. One such modern method is the steganographic method with code control of additional information embedding. The problem of increasing the robustness of the specified steganographic method in the conditions of compression attacks by compression algorithms of digital video, primarily, the widespread MPEG-4 algorithm, is of particular interest. The purpose of this paper is to increase the robustness against attacks by compression of the steganographic method with code control of additional information embedding when operating with digital video. In this paper, experimental research on the robustness of the steganographic method with code control of additional information embedding in the conditions of a co mpression attack against the emb edded message by digital video compression algorithm MPEG-4 when embedding information using different colour models is performed. It is shown that embedding additional information in the Y-component of the YCbCr colour model allows reducing the number of errors when extracting additional information by 17%. It is also proposed to embed additional information using the steganographic method with code control only in dynamic blocks, which made it possible to reduce the number of errors when extracting additional information by 8%. The obtained results can be applied in practical steganographic applications to increase the robustness of the applied steganographic component of information protection systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of solving the task of discrete optimization is not completely solved. Lack of publications, scientific developments, algorithms and software products do not give the ability to transfer the mathematical apparatus of solving discrete optimization problems to the class P of computational complexity. All analytical and combinatorial algorithms for solving problems of linear and non-linear optimization are NP completeness. There are developments to improve the efficiency of robotic algorithms, they are filled with requests and actual ones. In this paper, it is proposed to use deterministic and probabilistic methods for forming a priority queue of decision vector components in order to assign positive values to them. After the formation of the variant of the solution, it is possible to vectorize as if the approached solution is taken away from the record value of the goal function, which in exact algorithms is like a solution, which results in a polyp. In this paper has a method for forming a priority line for concretizing the components of the solution vector. The basis of deterministic methods is the idea of a greedy algorithm. The location in the queue is determined by the value of the corresponding component of the cost vector. The appearance of the value of non-visibility in the system of restrictions increases the priority of the component. Behind such a way, another method of determination is modified. Probability assessment probability of priorities is based on the ideas of algorithms in an ant colony and simulated annealing. The scope of probability indicates the significance of the component - a contender for a positive value. A numerical example of a small variability of the task about a knapsack has been introduced, which demonstrates the imitation of a nearby solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in the amount of multimedia content generated, stored and transmitted by modern information systems leads to an increase in the role of the steganographic component in information protection systems. At the same time, significant requirements are put to the applied steganographic methods regarding their effectiveness, which include sufficient bandwidth, ensuring the reliability of perception, and resistance to attacks against the embedded message. The performance of the steganographic methods is of great importance, especially if it is intended to be used in real-time on a resource-constrained platforms. One of the modern steganographic methods, which is characterized by providing the main effectiveness indicators with a small computational complexity due to the execution of steganographic transformation in the space domain of the container, is a steganographic method with code control of additional information embedding. However, despite the rather high indicators of resistance to noise attacks, which can occur in many practical applications, the issue of increasing the resistance of steganographic transformation to these types of attacks remains relevant. The purpose of the paper is to increase the resistance to noise attacks of the steganographic method with code control of additional information embedding. The paper researches attacks against an embedded message with two types of noise: additive white Gaussian noise and "Salt and Pepper" noise. In the paper, experimental research on the effects of the structure of the codeword used on the robustness of the steganographic method with code control against a noise attack by additive white Gaussian noise was performed, which made it possible to develop practical recommendations regarding the parameters of the steganographic method with code control under the conditions of this type of attack. The application of the BAN method (broadband signal, attenuator, narrowband signal) is proposed to increase the resistance of the steganographic method with code control against the "Salt and Pepper" noise attack, which allowed to reduce the number of errors when extracting additional information in conditions of this noise by 48%. The results obtained in this paper can be useful for the application of the steganographic method with code control in practice in the conditions of transmission of a steganographic message over channels characterized by the presence of noise attacks against the embedded message. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For improve the quality of harvests, modern farms in many countries widely use fertilizers of mineral and natural origin. To mitigate the negative impact on the environment, they try to minimize the amount of mineral fertilizers applied to the soil by creating composite systems. In particular, powdered composite materials are known based on highly dispersed silica and microquantities of mineral fertilizers, which are applied to the surface of the seeds by dusting. The aim of this work was to develop a new generation of film stimulating coatings based on mixtures of hydrophobic AM-1-300 and hydrophilic A-300 silicas, mineral fertilizers and bioactive components. Mixtures of hydrophilic and hydrophobic silicas in the ratio 1:1 and 1:2 were used to obtain a pasty composite with the given stimulating properties; colloidal starch solution; medium salts of mineral acids, bioactive components “Humifriend” and fungicide “Fital”. Such composite systems were applied directly to the surface of sowing material, grains of wheat variety “Natalka” before sowing in sand and on filter paper, according to DSTU 4138-2002. During the study, the following parameters were measured: seed germination energy, germination and morphological characteristics of wheat germs, which consisted in measuring the length of the root and stem. It is shown that when editing certain amounts of bioactive components to the composition of stimulating pasty composites, it is possible to program the properties of future films and powders: to increase morphological characteristics, uniformity of germination and fungicidal characteristics of composites. It has been found that the presence of mineral fertilizers in pasty composites of silicas mixtures 1:1 and 1:2 has a positive effect on the uniform germination of wheat seeds in the sand and on the filter paper. Instead, the presence in the pastes of the active ingredients “Fital” and “Humifriend”, regardless of the environment where the seeds germinated, there is a significant slowdown in the growth of wheat germ in both environments. It has been found that an excess of hydrophilic silica in the pasty composite leads to the development on the surface of the grains of mycosis lesions, regardless of the germination environment. Therefore, stimulant pastes based on 1:2 silica mixtures must contain fungicides of mineral or biological origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is devoted to development of atypical excitation approaches of bistatic laser monitor active elements for the imaging of high-speed processes at a powerful background radiation. The practical significance is increasing the temporal resolution of the bistatic laser monitor, as well as improving the imaging parameters by minimizing the jitter of radiation pulses. To achieve this goal, semiconductor excitation sources of active media based on copper bromide vapor were developed, and their synchronization was performed in a pulse-repetition mode. The developed pump sources are set of identical commutation cells. Each cell contains storage capacitor, commutator and transformer. Powerful HGTG27N120BN insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBT) were chosen as commutators. Their switching storage capacitors are discharged through the primary winding of the transformer and as result the voltage pulse is induced in the secondary winding. The transformer load was the gas discharge tube (GDT) of the small-size brightness amplifier with the specified geometric parameters (l = 40 cm, d = 2.5 cm, V = 196 cm3). The simultaneous switching of 10 identical cells provided GDT breakdown. The radiation power of the active element in oscillator mode was 665 mW. The developed brightness amplifier with semiconductor pump source was used in the bistatic scheme of the laser monitor for the imaging of the test object. The pumping of the second active element, the illumination source (l = 90 cm, d = 5 cm, V = 1767 cm3), was performed by means of thyratron TGI1-1000-25. The pulse repetition frequency of the illumination source and the brightness amplifier was 10.5 and 21 kHz respectively. As result each second image was formed with increased brightness and contrast. The maximal jitter of radiation pulses in this case was 16 ns. The average jitter was 6 ns. Two identical semiconductor pump sources were tested simultaneously. The resulting array of waveforms (GDT current and GDT voltage) show that in most cases the jitter was completely absent, and when it appeared, it did not exceed 4 ns. The imaging at this configuration of the pump sources was not performed due to semiconductor source power (465 W) turned out to be insufficient for the excitation of the illumination source, and therefore options for increasing it were proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interest in beryllium-based composite materials has emerged recently, when intermetallic compounds such as titanium beryllide Be12Ti began to be considered as a promising material for neutron multiplication in thermonuclear fusion facilities, such as ITER and DEMO. Titanium beryllide stands out from other beryllides because it has the highest neutron multiplication rates and also has the added benefit of being more thermally stable than beryllium metal. Titanium beryllide interacts much weaker with water vapor, excluding the possibility of the formation of explosive hydrogen in the blanket body, is less prone to gas swelling, and, unlike metallic beryllium, retains a smaller amount of accumulated tritium. It has also been confirmed that the compatibility of titanium beryllide with structural materials is much higher than that of beryllium. To use titanium beryllide, it is important to study the parameters of its interaction with hydrogen isotopes. One of the most well-known methods for is the method of thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS). The objective of this paper is the development of a specialized experimental setup for TDS research and the development of a methodology for performing experiments. The results of methodical experiments are presented, in which the procedures for saturation of samples in a deuterium medium and procedures for conducting TDS experiments were worked out. Methodical experiments on studying the parameters of the interaction of deuterium with samples of monolithic titanium beryllide were carried out on the material produced by Ulba Metallurgical Plant JSC, saturated in deuterium at atmospheric pressure and a sample temperature of 973 K. linear heating rates of 10 and 20 K/min. Based on the results of the development of the technique for conducting experimental studies of titanium beryllide, a differential mode of the TDS method was recommended. In this case, it is necessary to use a hydrogen isotope, deuterium, as a control probe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, the issue of updating the philosophical and religious doctrines to determine the valuesemantic coordinates of the socio-cultural code is gaining more and more scientific and social importance. In historical retrospect, the teachings of the Sufis were and still are of great importance, since they had a pronounced impact on the formation of the cultural characteristics of the peoples who inhabited a vast geographical area from Altai to the Crimea. This paper shows that the teachings of the Sufis can be interpreted using modern achievements in neuroscience. The authors of the article substantiate that the teaching of the Sufis from the point of view of the neural network theory of the noosphere is a tool for the system-directed formation of a sociocultural code that fully takes into account the specifics of the object of application of efforts. The methodology of this approach is based on the neural network theory of the noosphere, which allows us to interpret the concept of "sociocultural code" from the standpoint of both the humanities and the natural sciences. On the basis of narrative sources, the idea is revealed that the spiritual, moral, ideological value of the Sufi teachings is preserved at the present time. The peculiarity of the ongoing research (this article is being carried out within the framework of the project) is the possibility of forming an axiological basis for mobilizing the spiritual determinants of the past, the collective ideas of the people. On a new round of historical development, the most promising is the harmonious combination of the heritage of our ancestors with modern achievements in science, technology, and digital civilization. It is essential that the arguments presented in the paper are verifiable, since the neural network theory is essentially a mathematical model that operates on calculable and measurable data. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that the teachings of the Sufis from the point of view of the neural network architecture are elements of the socio-cultural code that can be used in the system of spiritual and moral values of the nation's intellectual renewal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Predatory fish in aquatic ecosystems regulate the abundance of other species, which weakens the tension of competitive relations and stabilizes the community. Walleye refers to large pelagic predators, which, with a high number, effectively eat small and low-value commercial fish, performing a biomeliorative function in the fishing part of the community. At the same time, pike perch is in great demand, both on the foreign and domestic market. Its meat is considered a dietary product - its fat content is minimal. The nutritional value of walleye is very high - the protein content in it exceeds 18%. Zander meat contains 20 amino acids, 8 of which are irreplace able (that is, they are not synthesized by the human body), and, in addition, contains a lot of minerals necessary for humans (phosphorus, potassium, iodine, molybdenum, manganese and others). It should also be noted that in Kazakhstan, only ordinary pike perch is caught and exported, the reserves of which are being depleted. Therefore, as an alternative, it is supposed to use a sea walleye. The biological resources of sea pike perch and other marine fish species of the Caspian Sea are not sufficiently exploited, since marine fisheries in our country are poorly developed, and the commercial population of these fish species allows increasing the catch in water areas under the jurisdiction of Kazakhstan. This paper describes the qualitative characteristics of sea zander caught in the research catches of the Mangistau coast of the Middle Caspian, as well as the degree of study in the Caspian Sea and other water bodies. The article describes the methodology for conducting a complete biological analysis of fish and presents statistical data processing. The paper gives a description of the following indicators: size-weight, age, sex ratio. Calculated fatness and determined the rate of size and weight growth in sea zander. Based on the results of these studies, a high correlation was found between age and weight, age and size of fish, and size and weight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of thermodynamic and experimental studies of plasma-thermal processing of ash with the production of fuel gas and inert mineral material are presented. Plasma-thermal processing of ash and slag wastes consists in their heating, pyrolysis and melting to remove residual carbon and obtain a neutral melt, the storage and use of which after cooling does not cause environmental problems. Ash from Ekibastuz coal, which is widely used in the energy sector of Kazakhstan, is taken as ash and slag waste, which is a set of components of the mineral mass of coal and unburned carbon. Calculations have shown that during the plasma-thermal processing of ash and slag waste, combustible gas is obtained with a CO concentration of up to 86.8% and a calorific value of 8752 kJ/kg and a melt of mineral components that does not contain harmful impurities. The plasma reactor is a melting chamber covered by an electromagnetic coil. The chamber has the shape of an equilateral triangle in section, with three inclined immersed graphite electrodes at its corners. The reactor was started up by shorting the power electrodes to a bulk graphite track. After obtaining the melt channel, the heating of ash and slag waste continues due to the conduction currents between the power electrodes through the resulting melt. To homogenize the melt, it is stirred electromagnetically. The melt productivity of the reactor was 100 kg/h at its temperature of 1923 K and specific energy consumption of 0.96 kW h/kg. Both in calculations and in experiments, no harmful impurities were found in the products of plasma processing of the investigated wastes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is difficult to overestimate the role and place of computational experiments in modern scientific research. Scientists investigate physical phenomena based on computer models and computational experiments when analytical methods of theoretical physics do not allow obtaining more reliable results. On the other hand, computational experiments can be carried out in conditions inaccessible to field experiments. The paper presents the scientific results of the study of some issues of celestial mechanics. These results are obtained on the basis of the use of computer methods. The MathCAD application software package is used as a programming language. The main scientific results include the following: a graph of the potential of the gravitational field of the Earth is constructed depending on the distance r to the center of the Earth; on the basis of a computer approach, the equations of the potential energy (binding energy) of the interaction of a body of a unit mass with the Earth-Moon system are studied; on the basis of computer methods, graphs are obtained. These graphs characterize the binding energies of the body depending on the coordinates of the radial axis; with the help of the MathCAD package, the flight path of the spacecraft near the Earth was modeled under various initial conditions; the motion of the spacecraft from the Earth to the Moon was studied and various types of flight paths were constructed depending on its initial velocity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a new method for measuring the neutron flux using proportional counters SNM-18 filled with 3Ne is studied. When developing equipment for automated measurement of the neutron flux of the research reactor VVR-K, the determining optimization criteria are power consumption, weight and dimensions. For this purpose, devices were used for automated measurement of the equivalent of soil moisture and the equivalent of snow water by the neutron component of cosmic rays. A number of experimental studies have been carried out to determine the optimal levels of supply voltages, the design of the device for operation at the VVR-K reactor has been changed. The main elements of the neutron detector design are a block of a hydrogen-containing moderator; a tube of a proportional thermal neutron counter; an amplifier and a microcontroller for analyzing the signal from the detector; a high-voltage power supply and a transmitter. Special software has also been developed for simultaneous control of detectors. Test measurements of the neutron flux were performed at the research reactor plant VVR-K INP using a Pu-Be neutron source, with an intensity of 1.8 *106 n/s. To reduce the neutron intensity for the safety of personnel and to reduce the load on the detector, the neutron source was placed inside a boron polyethylene collimator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When negatively charged particles are scattered by atomic nuclei before the thresholds of excitation of nuclei, the formation of a metastable system "charged particle + excited nucleus" is possible. In particular, during the scattering of μ-mesons by nuclei, mesoatoms with an excited nucleus in the states of the entire atomic spectrum of hydrogen-like atoms can arise. This infinite set of states of a quasi-bound system generates an infinite series of elastic scattering resonances in the continuous spectrum, which condenses to the threshold energy of the excitation of the nucleus. In cases where the elastic scattering widths of mesons are smaller than the decay width of the excited state of the nucleus, inelastic meson resonance decay channels arise, which make it possible to observe them experimentally in the process of resonant scattering. In the present work, an analytical expression is obtained for the widths of subthreshold resonances arising from the scattering of μ mesons by atomic nuclei. The widths of subthreshold resonances in such systems are explicitly expressed in terms of the reduced multipole matrix elements of nuclear transitions The paper presents estimates for dipole excitations of nuclei corresponding to the farthest resonant states. It is shown that modern meson facilities make it possible to directly determine the reduced matrix elements of dipole transitions in experiments on elastic meson scattering. For a group of nuclei with large widths of E1 γ-radiation, it is possible to set up an experiment to determine these widths, and for known widths, to determine the chemical composition of the target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we are considering the processes of ice formation on Balkash Lake during extremely cold and extremely warm months. A significant correlation found between the average monthly air temperature of November, the dates of the first ice formation and the dates of continuous ice cover formation. The Bagrov-Tokarev anomaly criterion for November was calculated and the extreme years since the earlier 2000s were determined. The most common dates of inherent ice phenomena for the period 1971-2018 were calculated. The features of ice formation during the autumn-winter season for these years were analyzed. The number of days with certain types of ice phenomena are calculated and presented in the form of histograms. It was analyzed the various types and forms of ice formations for extremely cold and extremely warm months before the date of complete ice cover formation. The maps of ice thickness distribution were compiled. The deviation of the dates of the first ice formation and dates of continuous ice cover formation (in days) from the mean value extremely cold and extremely warm years was found. The data source were hydrological guides, monthly average air temperature data, and data reanalysis using the CDS COPERNICUS climate database of the European Center. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses data from the prefaces and afterwords of the Venetian Cyrillic printed books between 1519/20 and 1572 in purpose of establishing how notions of otherness and identity are modeled in and through language. The assumption is that behind the concentration of multilingual books in the 16th century capital of the European printing lies the coming together of people from different ethnicity. Complex intercultural interactions emerge between printers and men of letters involved in the dissemination of books through the printing press. The aim is to clarify how the emigrant status of the Cyrillic book in Venice and of its creators manifests itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper will analyze a number of grammatical and lexical features of the festive epistles of the Serbian Orthodox Church, published in the last ten years, as a special genre of the religious discourse. By analyzing the inventory of lexical units, we will determine the specifics of the language of the epistles, taking into account the fact that these texts are addressed to priesthood and monks, as well as to the widest circle of believers of the Serbian Orthodox Church, of different education and social status, which is why they should be clear and understandable. On the other hand, epistles must, by their very nature, also contain lexis of a religious and theological character, in order to convey a sublime and edifying message. Based on the linguistic inventory of epistles the aim of our research is to determine the specific grammatical and lexical characteristics of this genre, as well as the relationship of the lexicon of this genre and the language of everyday communication. The subject of the work was the analysis of some grammatical and lexical features of the festive epistles of the Serbian Orthodox Church, a special genre of religious discourse. The texts of the epistles mostly contain general vocabulary, which is understandable to all speakers of the Serbian language. The characteristic of the epistle as a genre of religious discourse is the use of special linguistic means which achieve the main goal of these texts, that is conveying a sublime and edifying message on the occasion of the greatest Christian holidays - Christmas and Easter. The analysis of the inventory of the used lexemes showed, first of all, that nouns are the dominant type of words in the texts of this character, and that there are also numerous adjectives used in the service of epithets. One of the most important features of the language of the Epistles is the use of the participle ending in -ći, which is, after all, a feature of the religious discourse in general. An important part of the lexicon of the festive epistles is made up of compounds created by different creative patterns, through which these texts are given a sublime, festive character. This type of lexicon was inherited from the old Church Slavonic period and is a feature of the holiday epistles among other Orthodox Slavic nations as well. The epistles also contain a lexicon which indicates important social topics for that period, that are intertwined with the representations from the life of Christ given in the New Testament. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the clinical and neurological features, the main diagnostic criteria and tactics of surgical treatment of patients with progressive course of syringomyelia associated Arnold-Chiari malformation type 1 and occlusive hydrocephalus. Two clinical cases are described in which, after decompressive surgery on the cranio-vertebral junction with the formation of a large cisterna of the brain, progression of syringomyelia was noted in the early postoperative period with the addition of manifestations of syringobulbia and occlusive hydrocephalus. The features of clinical and neurological manifestations and the results of surgical treatment of patients with this pathology are described in detail with illustrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article challenges the traditional theory according to which only transitive verbs can have passive voice forms in Russian. Based on the Russian National Corpus and texts found on the Internet, the paper shows that the grammatical system of Russian permits the passivization of oblique-complement verbs and verbs that govern prepositional phrases. The analysis shows that whether or not a verb permits the formation of passive voice forms depends on the communicative status of the complement rather than its grammatical form, while the semantic and morphonological restrictions on passivization equally apply to verbs regardless of the form of their complements. The paper gives evidence confirming that some passive voice forms are loan translations from other languages, but argues that the use of the loan translation mechanism does not bring about anything that contradicts the rules of Russian grammar, but rather leads to a more comprehensive implementation of previously unused capabilities of the grammatical system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a periodic cosmological model is considered. Previously, it was assumed that the expansion of the universe slows down over time. Theorists proceeded from the assumption that the main part of the mass of the Universe is matter - both visible and invisible (dark matter). On the basis of new observations indicating the acceleration of expansion, it was found that in the Universe there is a previously unknown energy with negative pressure (equation of state). They called it "dark energy". In this paper, a scalar cosmological model is considered. The Lagrangian is derived and the system of equations of motion is obtained. To study the model, a scalar field in the form of a periodic function was chosen. The Hubble parameter, the scale factor, which has the meaning of the radius of the Universe, and in the case of a periodic function of the scalar field, which has an exponential dependence, the density of dark energy, the pressure and the potential of the scalar field are calculated, and their graphs are plotted in the time dependence section from 0 to 2π. To study the inflationary model, the potential is introduced in a power-law form. From it, the parameters of slow rolling through e-folding are derived and a plot of spectral indices for this model is plotted. The results obtained are consistent with the Planck observational data and confirm the correspondence of the model under study with the previously proposed ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The method of moments is used to investigate and analyze the dynamic characteristics of dense systems consisting of ions of two types with different masses and charges, and the number of screening electrons corresponding to the charges of the ions. In this paper, we discuss the characteristics of a binary ionic mixture whose component masses differ by a factor of two. Within the framework of the developed self-consistent method of moments, the dynamic structure factors (DSF) of such a plasma are calculated for various thermodynamic parameters. In this case, the calculation algorithm is based on the use, on the one hand, of the static structural factor of the system, which is determined from the solution of the Ornstein-Zernike equation, and on the other hand, the so-called Nevanlinna parameter function (NPF), which is included in the calculated relations. The calculations were carried out within the framework of the classical system of charged particles interacting according to the Coulomb law. The paper analyzes the data obtained using various methods for calculating the NPF. The results obtained in this work qualitatively and quantitatively agree with the data of theoretical calculations and numerical experiments of the authors of other studies of the dynamic properties of a dense multicomponent plasma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Steganography methods are considered to be one of the most common technologies for the protection of any digital data when transmitted over open communication channels at a given time. The solution of the problem of digital data protection using steganography methods is used not only by government services, but also by terrorist organizations. Therefore, the need for research, development and continuous improvement of steganoanalytical methods is becoming extremely important. The steganoanalytical algorithm based on the study of the singular decomposition of digital image matrix blocks is proposed in the paper. The main purpose of this paper is to increase the efficiency of digital image steganoanalysis, in the absence of a container, by developing a new steganoanalytical algorithm based on the study of the singular decomposition of digital image matrix blocks. As a result of a detailed study of the steganography algorithm using the singular decomposition of digital image matrix blocks, the statistical characteristics of the singular values of image matrix blocks are established. Based on the defined characteristics, the paper presents the main steps of the stegananoanalytical algorithm. As a criterion for assessing the effectiveness of the developed steganoanalytical algorithm, the probability of detecting additional information was used. Errors of the first and second type are considered. To compare the results of the developed steganoanalytical algorithm with existing algorithms in open access, the following applications are selected: XSteg; StegSpy. The software product "StegoAnalysis" has been implemented for the automated solution of the stegananalytical problem for digital image. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is said that the best password manager is our brain. This statement makes sense, but sometimes our brain does not cope, we have to use external resources. The number of passwords per user is growing every year: new social networks, new bank accounts, new registrations in various services, accounts on various services (television, music, Internet service providers, etc.). According to the rules of information security, using the same password for different client services is not rational, because if attackers can, for example, choose a password for your email, they will try to apply it to your other applications such as Internet banking and more. Modern man understands that each service needs its own unique password. The password must be strong, contain a certain number of characters, where among the numbers and letters the reliability of the password is increased by special characters and case changes. It's hard to remember. But remembering one password is beyond the power of most of us. Choosing a convenient and reliable password manager is not an easy task. You really have to trust the service. In the end, it is he who will store your confidential information. In this paper, two dozen password managers were tested and eleven were selected, which are the best in terms of functionality, security and convenience. However, each of the well-known managers does not take into account the individual characteristics of users and needs additions according to their needs. Therefore, the creation of software for storing passwords in encrypted form is relevant. Encrypted passwords can be accessed through the one password you need to remember. Such relationship software was created in this paper, taking into account the needs of corporate and private use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes mellitus is among the top ten leading causes of death worldwide and remains a serious health problem. More than half a billion people worldwide have diabetes, which occurs when the body is unable to produce insulin or due to the inefficient use of the produced insulin. To keep blood glucose levels within the acceptable norm, people with type 1 diabetes need daily injections of insulin. Even though insulin remains an indispensable drug in the treatment of diabetes, its injectable form prevents its wider use. To eliminate the barriers associated with the injectable form of insulin, improve ease of use, and supply therapeutic benefits, a lot of work is underway to create an oral form of insulin. This review is devoted to the presentation of general information about modern achievements in the creation of an oral form of insulin. The paper describes the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its treatment, methods of protein encapsulation, difficulties in the use of oral insulin, as well as various approaches that have been taken to overcome barriers to the creation of an oral form of insulin. The latest achievements in the use of mucoadhesive polymers and hydrogels for drug delivery are considered. Mucoadhesive polymers such as chitosan and alginate are attracting increasing attention due to their properties such as pH sensitivity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Methods of encapsulation of protein drugs with the use of spray drying, emulsification, and deposition of polymer materials by complexation are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper considers the modernization of the methodology for studying astrophysical ice and cold interstellar dust. An experimental method of physical modeling using a vacuum cryogenic installation is presented. The nodes of the universal vacuum cryogenic spectrophotometer where it is necessary to modernize, retrofit for the subsequent improvement of measuring capabilities in scientific research are considered in detail. The IR spectra of polystyrene were obtained on the IRS-29 and FSM 2203 spectrometers, the results of the obtained characteristic absorption bands were compared with the values of the reference spectrum of polystyrene, and the expanded uncertainty was calculated. To assess the accuracy of the measurement results, we calculated the expanded uncertainty according to the IR spectrometer calibration procedure. The wavenumber scale calibration uncertainty was determined by direct measurements as the difference between the wavenumber value corresponding to the maximum ordinate of the absorption line of a standard polystyrene film sample. In this work, an analysis of the completed retrofitting of a universal vacuum cryogenic spectrophotometer was carried out. N2O spectra were taken, obtained at a temperature of 16 K in the wave number range of IR spectrometers from 370 to 4200 1/cm with the designation of the corresponding absorption bands. The studies carried out in this work are aimed at improving the accuracy of measurements, which guarantees and improves the quality of scientific research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper considers the problem of studying the daily distribution of the passage of meteoroids by radio observation. The advantages of the chosen method of registration over the classical optical and photographic methods of observation are considered. A voluminous series of data was obtained using a registration facility implemented on the basis of the Center for Astrophysical Research at the North Kazakhstan University named after Manash Kozybayev. Processing, analysis and systematization of the obtained data on meteor phenomena have been carried out. Based on the obtained observational data, on the basis of the Center for Astrophysical Research at the North Kazakhstan University named after Manash Kozybayev, using the Multi VirAnalyzer program, namely the Date Recorder, the daily distribution of the meteor flight frequency was calculated. Also, with the help of the Microsoft Excel software application, diagrams of the daily distribution of the meteor passage frequency were constructed. During the analysis of the obtained diagrams of the daily distribution of the meteor passage frequency, the peak and average daily values of meteor activity were determined. Based on the daily distribution, diagrams of the frequency of meteor passages were constructed for certain months during which the Perseid and Leonid meteor showers are active. A clear correlation with the results of studies of other laboratories of a similar line of research is shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a model of a pulsating universe is investigated with periodic function of the scale factor together with a homogeneous, isotropic and spatially flat Friedman-Robertson-Walker metric. The parameters of the pulsating universe model coincide with observation parameters of the modern universe, taking into account the different contributions of various types of matter to its evolution. In the resulting solution, during periods of accelerated expansion of the universe, the scalar field with negative pressure makes a greater contribution to the expansion growth. The fermionic field and the vector field, which have positive pressure values during this period, prevent the growth of this expansion. During periods of compression, the fermionic field and the vector field have a greater influence on the dynamics of the evolution of the universe. In the resulting periodic solution, the universe goes through endless cycles of expansion and contraction. The observed modern accelerated expansion of the universe corresponds to one of these cycles. Cosmographic parameters are calculated - parameters of deceleration q, jerk j and snap s and energy conditions for the model under research. These parameters make it possible to link model-independent results obtained from cosmography with theoretically sound assumptions of gravity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper investigates the influence of the initial stress state of a sufficiently wide rectangular elastic plate on the stability of the linear dynamic system "plate-flow" under the assumption that there are concentrated inertial masses and moments on the free edge of the plate stretched along the gas flow. An analytical solution of the systemяхstability problem is found. The possibility of loss of stability of the system only in the form of a localized divergence is shown. It has been established that the initial longitudinal tensile forces lead to a significant increase in the stability of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of information technologies, including artificial intelligence, is leading to their widespread use in many areas of our lives. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, the number of cases of its application to generate digital images, audio, video, etc. is growing. Counterfeiting digital audio files is dangerous from the point of view of being used by criminals to exert information and psychological influence and manipulate society and individuals. There are modern methods for detecting audio fakes made by artificial intelligence. They are highly accurate, but not without drawbacks. The main drawback is the complex architecture and high resource intensity. The aim of this paper is to develop a neural network that would allow detecting audio fakes with satisfactory accuracy and whose training would not require significant computing resources. A method was chosen for modification, namely, the method of detecting audio fakes using a convolutional neural network. The method for detecting audio fakes was modified by building a model with a new architecture with fewer layers, which significantly reduced the time and computational resources required compared to analogues. The experimental results obtained using the modified method show satisfactory efficiency and accuracy of the system. Errors of the first kind amounted to 24%, errors of the second kind - 9%. The developed modification is implemented in a software application with a convenient and simple interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The task of path finding by an agent is one of the basic tasks and is of great practical importance. As a rule, this is an optimization task that is solved in the space of the state graph in order to minimize the length of the path. Such a task becomes more difficult and becomes even more popular if it is solved on the basis of one graph space by several agents. In this case, another practically important optimization parameter appears, which is expressed by the number of conflicts between agents. Such an abstract formulation of the task has numerous variants of formalization and a large number of approaches to its solution. In this paper, the main element of the approach is the application of the classic Dijkstra algorithm, which is executed sequentially by each agent. When finding the shortest route, each agent modifies the graph space in such a way as to reduce the probability of conflicts with subsequent agents. This approach is original and a number of computational experiments were performed to verify it using software developed for this purpose. The experiments that were conducted demonstrate the adequate behavior of the main algorithm. The work analyzes the limitations inherent in the proposed approach within the framework of the abstract formulation of the task. The directions of further development of the basic approach have been determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the fact that the effectiveness of experiment planning methods, especially when solving applied problems, has been proven more than once, the ideas of a multifactorial experiment are very slowly being introduced into science and engineering practice. The reasons for this are: the complexity of organizing the experiment; the parameters of the systems under study are of a complex dynamic nature and are subject to significant influences of changes in environmental conditions; the apparent complexity of the planning and calculation matrix discourages researchers with insufficient mathematical background; many manuals on the application of a multifactorial experiment are written at a level inaccessible to engineers, given the training in the disciplines of mathematical and computer cycles in technical universities. The experiment occupies the main place among the methods of obtaining information about the internal relationships of phenomena in nature and technology. As the processes and phenomena under study become more complex, the costs of the equipment and the experiment increase. During the tests, a large amount of experimental data is collected that requires processing and analysis. At the same time, the duration of the analysis, comprehension of the test results and their accounting for adjusting the characteristics of new products is very significant. The systems approach involves considering all elements of an active experiment as a single system. From these positions, it is necessary to present the general properties of the experiment as an object of study and give recommendations on the choice of mathematical techniques and methods that the experimenter can use when choosing decisions during the preparation of the experiment, its conduct and processing of the results. It is very important to choose methods and tools for processing experimental data. Despite the fact that, since 2002, many works have been proving the effectiveness of using the Excel analysis package for processing experimental data, the scientific and educational literature still uses coding of variables, randomization of experiments, and the choice of critical values of the criteria for assessing the quality of mathematical models from tables. In addition, optimization methods are not used in the works for forecasting. In this paper, in order to accelerate the process of introducing effective computer processing methods into science and engineering practice, the implementation of the methodology for processing active experiment data using Excel is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, a large number of immunomodulatory agents of microbial, endogenous, synthetic and plant origin are known. There is a sufficient range of immunotropic drugs on the pharmaceutical market. However, the availability of a wide range of immunomodulators and their use in the clinic is limited by the presence of side effects and a number of contraindications for use. Currently, no cytokines with strictly specific activity have been identified. Such features of the functioning of the immune system make the existence of an immunomodulator with an absolutely selective final effect on immunity practically impossible. The article discusses the effect of the plant immunomodulator 1(10)β-epoxy-5,7α,6β(Н)-guai-3(4),11(13)-diene-6,12-olide (hereinafter referred to as epoxyguaianolide) on the immune system of the cancer patients. According to the results of randomized clinical trials, the immunomodulatory effect of epoxyguaianolide was confirmed and its positive effect on the indicators of the LPO-AOD system and oxidative modification of proteins was determined. The paper shows the importance of immunophenotypic analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of cancer patients. The immunomodulatory effect of epoxyguaianolide was determined, which manifests itself as a predominant effect on the T-cell link of immunity. Epoxyguaianolide has the ability to correct the immunosuppressive effect of cytostatics. Thus, the results of studies of epoxyguaianolide indicate the potential for the development of a new drug based on it with a pronounced cytostatic effect, thereby stimulating the immune system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the importance of proper placement and positioning of operating room equipment and operating team members in the neurosurgical operating room. This allows the members of the operating team to communicate effectively and minimizes time delays in the workflow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of monitoring intracranial hypertension according to neuroimaging data (computed tomography (CT)) in the detection of acute transient hydrocephalus among 23 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) of non-aneurysmal etiology. The results of the study provided on the basis of the analysis of neuroimaging non-invasive monitoring of intracranial hypertension in 23 patients with acute transient hydrocephalus on the background of subarachnoid hemorrhage predetermined the timely identification of characteristic signs of its progression that complicated the course of hemorrhage, which allowed to establish direct indications for invasive monitoring and surgical correction of intracranial hypertension syndrome of hydrocephalic nature in the acute stage of cerebrovascular catastrophe on the background of subarachnoid hemorrhage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides a methodological justification for assessing the state of financial management of the enterprise using the category of "technological way". The paper presents a conditional view of the sedentary technological structure in the form of: axes as a group of interconnected new industries, technologies, enterprises; disk as a manufacturing sector that unites large industrial enterprises that produce competitive serial products; Tires are mainly small and medium-sized enterprises that generate the latest products and technologies and undergo trial marketing. The paper considers the structure of the axis of the technological structure of financial management of the enterprise, as well as providing financial instruments - financial assets and financial liabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Serpentinite is considered a raw material for the production of magnesium compounds widely used in various sectors of the country's economy. Uzbekistan also has a large serpentinite deposit - Arvaten, which contains MgO ≥40% and is a promising raw material for obtaining magnesium compounds by acid decomposition. This requires research, in particular, the study of the decomposition coefficient of Arvaten serpentinite, depending on the particle size and norm of nitric acid. Purpose. Study of the process of nitric acid decomposition of incalcinated serpentinite from the Arvaten deposit with different fineness. Methodology. The process of decomposition of serpentinite with nitric acid was carried out in a thermostatically controlled glass tubular reactor equipped with a screw stirrer driven by an electric motor. The duration of the process was 3 hours at 80oC. After the end of the process, the reaction mass was filtered on a Buchner funnel under a residual pressure of 100-150 Hg using one layer of filter paper. After drying, the precipitate and filtrate were analyzed for the content of CaO and MgO using the complexometric method with Trilon B in the presence of the indicator fluorexone and acid chromium dark blue. The content of Fe2O3 and A12O3 was determined by the complexometric method. with a solution of Trilon B in the presence of sulfosalicylic acid and back titration of an excess of Trilon B with a solution of zinc sulfate in the presence of a xylene orange indicator. Originality. The dependence of the change in the decomposition coefficient of the constituent components of serpentinite on its fineness (0.05-0.25 mm) has been established. The optimal condition for the process of decomposition of serpentinite with nitric acid was found, under which a high decomposition coefficient (Cdec.) was achieved. Findings. It was found that with increasing particle size from 0.05 to 0.25 mm Cdec. of MgO increases from 83.86 to 86.85% and 86.63 to 90.05%, respectively, at a stoichiometric 90 and 100% rate of 30% nitric acid. The decomposition process mainly occurs in the diffusion region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article outlines ways to improve the organization of independent work of university students. Innovative education is the use of the latest information technologies in the entire didactic complex of information support for the subject. The innovative model of teaching physics in higher education includes methodologically structured information presented in the form of one of the types of the infosphere - a system of interrelated and interdependent textbooks and other means of educational activity (modular programs, electronic lectures, various methodological aids). In the new conditions of increasing the volume and strengthening the role of students' independent work in the educational process, students receive and master only methodological information at the appropriate level. To master the material on a regular basis, a student needs to work for months, and only a qualified teacher who knows the psychological characteristics of the learning process and owns the teaching methodology will help save the student's time by transforming the professional knowledge of teachers into educational knowledge. The paper shows the types and stages of performing classroom, extracurricular IWS in physics, as well as ways to improve the efficiency and quality of students' educational work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern dangerous signs are manifested in the nature of the most significant components of engineering and geological conditions, ensured by the safety of people's life, the features of industrial and abrupt construction in mountainous and foothill areas, and, consequently, in conditions of sustainable economic development. In the event of serious development processes, serious difficulties arise for the construction and use of various engineering measures that require ensuring the safety of the population and taking measures to prevent and protect the population. During the design of anti-landslide measures, when erecting structures on unstable slopes or when distributing mechanisms on slopes and sides of ravines, works must begin with assessment stability degree of the inclined earth surface. Such assessment is made by calculating the slope stability coefficient, which is characterized by the ratio of the holding forces to the shear forces of the soil mass on an inclined surface. The paper presents the results of research in Almaty city on the experimental site on the slope of mountain Kok-Tobe. The article presents calculations of slope stability coefficient in "GEO5" program, in the natural state and taking into account seismic impact. As result of the calculation, unfavorable factors and risks in terms of slope stability are identified and recommended measures are also given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the stress state for a piecewise homogeneous plane, containing an absolutely rigid thin interfacial inclusion, one of the long sides of which is completely coupled to the plane, and the other side is in contact with it under dry friction conditions. On the basis of discontinuous solutions of the theory of elasticity for a piecewise homogeneous plane, a closed solution of the mixed boundary value problem is constructed. The regularities for the behavior of contact stresses near the end points of the inclusion are clarified, and simple formulas are obtained for determining both normal and tangential contact stresses acting on the long sides of the inclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new thermodynamic approach for phase stability of a nanoscale material under irradiation taking into account Gibbs free energy of phase formation and nucleation is proposed. The influence of powder dispersion and vacancy saturation on the radiation stability and phase changes of spherical Ferrum nanoparticles during irradiation is determined. The paper shows the possibility of a radiation-induced α-Fe → y-Fe polymorphic transition, and also defines the radiation stability zones of Ferrum nanoparticles. It is shown that the competition between the energy of the accumulated vacancies in the particle, the bulk energy of the phase transformation, and the surface energy of the particle is responsible for the specific behavior of irradiated nanocrystalline Ferrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses spatial aspects of reactive astrogliosis in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) of the rat brain observed 40 and 70 days after the intracerebral 12 µg rotenone infusion. The infusion was shown to cause a marked increase in astrocyte density at both analyzed time points. Minimal spanning tree (MST) analysis was applied to analyze spatial patterns formed by nigral astrocytes. Spatial clusters of these cells, identified as disjoint MST subgraphs, were more numerous in the infused SNc tissue as compared with the control one. Size and density of clusters were significantly different between the infused and control areas 40 and 70 days after the infusion. In conclusion, the data suggests that rotenone-related astrogliosis in the substantia nigra includes changes in spatial patterns of astrocytes as well as transient spatial clustering of these cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Dans cet article, nous traitons l'interprétation du symbole de l'auteur et le problème de sa traduction en russe. Sur l'exemple du poème de Njegos Une nuit plus précieuse qu'un siècle nous avons présenté l'algorithme de la procédure de traduction pour déchiffrer la sémantique complexe du symbole de l'auteur, ainsi que la procédure pour trouver son correspondant de traduction en langue russe. L'analyse part du point de vue de la traductologie, de la linguistique et de la littérature moderne, et prend en compte les données pertinentes de l'étude des chefs-d'œuvre de Njegos, en tant que science intradisciplinaire. Afin d'éclairer la nature complexe du symbole en tant que signe linguistique et sa fonction dans le texte littéraire, ainsi que la possibilité de sa traduction en russe, diverses méthodes sont appliquées: analyse contrastive, étymologique, interprétative en synchronie et diachronie. L'analyse menée montre l'importance de rechercher des symboles sous divers aspects, en partant du niveau linguistique le plus bas dans la langue source, en passant par le littéraire – dans le style de l'époque et l'idiosyncrasie de l'écrivain et en terminant par l'approche translatologique interlingue. Cette interprétation multiforme contribue à résoudre la sémantique du symbole et à trouver son correspondant traductionnel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to A.R. Esayan, the founder of the Chair of Informatics at Tula Pedagogical Institute. The paper examines the influence of Professor A.R. Esayan's methodological legacy on the training of modern IT teacher. The article reveals some aspects of his influence on the "Computational methods" course: the development of students' algorithmic culture; the study of CMS capabilities; the use of recursive algorithms in problem solving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Video analysis is a very important tool in video surveillance systems with one or more cameras. Among the most promising features are tracking the movement of objects - tracking. The current state of development in the field of tracking is considered in the work. There are several types of trekking. Pixel Tracking is the tracking of the movement of a specific point (pixel) or group of points on the original video sequence. The result of this process is the trajectory of the pixel, corresponding to the movement of an object in the frame. Matchmoving is a complex process that allows you to create a three-dimensional scene with a digital camera based on the available video sequence, which exactly repeats the movement of a real camera. Motion Capture is a technology designed to determine the position and orientation of a real object in a virtual environment, determining the position and orientation of a real object in space is carried out using special sensors and markers. Each of these types of tracking can be used on its own or as part of more complex processes. The paper develops a modification of the camera motion detection algorithm, which works in the field of Pixel Tracking. The description of the main approaches to motion estimation is given, namely recursive raster algorithms, frequency domain algorithms, optical flow algorithms and block matching methods. The urgency of the work, its purpose and objectives are given. The paper describes a method of arranging blocks in a video sequence frame, which are used to calculate the movement of the camera. Similarity metrics are used to estimate the similarity of the blocks, namely the correlation coefficient. The paper describes the steps of the developed modification of the camera motion detection algorithm. The results of the modification of the camera motion detection algorithm are presented. The result of this work is an indicator of the visual quality of tracking in the form of a 2D image of the camera motion vector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]