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The study aimed to explore the nutritional value of sea buckthorn by-products and the antibacterial effects of their extracts on Escherichia coli. The experiment employed the sodium nitrite-aluminum nitrate method to determine flavonoid content, while alcohol extraction and water extraction methods were used to extract active substances from sea buckthorn by-products. The antibacterial effects of sea buckthorn by-product extracts on Escherichia coli were investigated by the filter paper method, perforation method, and broth dilution method. The results showed that the dry matter (DM) content of sea buckthorn by-products was 97.98%, ash content was 3.41%, crude protein (CP) content was 12.87%, and crude fat (EE) content was 22.48%. With the increase of sea buckthorn by-product addition, gas production showed a decreasing trend. Among alcohol extraction and water extraction methods, the constant broth dilution method exhibited the best antibacterial effect. In the alcohol extraction method, the filter paper method showed good antibacterial effect with an inhibition zone of 14.6 mm. In the water extraction method, the filter paper method did not exhibit a significant inhibition zone, and the perforation method was not significant in both alcohol extraction and water extraction methods. The study suggests that sea buckthorn by-products have rich nutritional value, and alcohol extraction is more effective in inhibiting Escherichia coli compared to water extraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studying the effect of different concentrations of exogenous plant growth regulators on the growth and nutritional components of paper mulberry is of great significance for high-yield cultivation and popularization of paper mulberry. Hybrid paper mulberry seedlings were used as test materials, and three concentrations (150, 250, 350 mg/L) of plant growth regulators (GA3, DA-6, PP333 and 6-BA) were used to spray the whole plant, and then the growth indexes and nutrients were measured. The results showed that DA-6 and PP333 could promote the growth of paper mulberry and the accumulation of DM with a plant height of 73.13 cm, a stem diameter of 13.48 mm, the number of main stem nodes and branches were 32.00 and 11.67, and the DM was 97.69 g. GA3 significantly increased the plant height and average internode length of paper mulberry seedlings (P<0.05), and decreased stem diameter. 6-BA showed a slight inhibition on the growth of paper mulberry and the accumulation of DM. From the perspective of the effect on quality, the proportion of CP whole plant of paper mulberry treated with GA3 showed different degrees of increase, and this promoting effect decreased with the increase of application concentration. DA-6 and PP333 increased the proportion of NDF, ADF, ADL in the whole plant and TP of paper mulberry in different degrees. Among them, the paper mulberry treated with 250 mg/L PP333 had the highest TP, which was 16.27 g. All nutrients of paper mulberry treated with 6-BA were less than CK. The experiment indicates that the four plant growth regulators in the study had the following order: PP333 >DA-6 >GA3 > 6-BA. it is considered that spraying PP333 at 250 mg/L after 20 d of planting paper mulberry is conducive to cultivating strong paper mulberry and promoting the accumulation of DM and TP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to investigate the effect of replacement of soybean by whole-plant fermented hybrid paper mulberry on growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of finishing pigs. A total of 48 healthy three-way crossbred pigs weighing (60.53±2.42) kg were randomly divided into four groups, with three replicates in each group and four pigs in each replicate. The pigs in control group were fed with basic diet, group Ⅰ, group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ used 4%, 6% and 8% whole plant fermented hybrid paper mulberry instead of soybean meal, respectively. The pre-test period was 10 d, and the formal test period was 45 d. The results showed that compared with control group, the average daily gain and average daily feed intake of fattening pigs in group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ were significantly reduced (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the backfat thickness of finishing pigs in group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ was significantly reduced (P<0.05), and the eye muscle area of finishing pigs in each test group was significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the water power of pork system in group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the drip loss was significantly increased (P<0.05), the cooking loss in group Ⅲwas significantly decreased (P<0.05), and shear force was significantly increased (P<0.05). The intramuscular fat content and protein content in each test group was significantly increased (P<0.05). The study indicates that 4% whole plant fermented hybrid paper mulberry substitute of soybean meal in diet can improve the carcass traits and meat quality of finishing pigs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper mulberry has strong ability to adapt to the environment, good growth performance, and more comprehensive functions. With the continuous maturity of paper mulberry fermentation technology, as a feed, it can improve the production performance, carcass quality, and muscle nutritional value of livestock and poultry. The paper reviews the characteristics, functions and application of paper mulberry in livestock and poultry production, in order to provide reference for the popularization and application of paper mulberry as a conventional feed for livestock and poultry breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achyranthes bidentata Blume is a water-soluble fructan extracted from Achyranthes bidentata Blume root. It is mainly composed of three monosaccharides, glucose, mannose and fructose. Achyranthes bidentata Blume polysaccharide has many biological functions, such as improving immunity, enhancing antioxidant capacity and maintaining intestinal flora balance, etc., and has high application and research value in livestock and poultry production. The paper introduces the chemical structure and extraction technology of Achyranthes bidentata Blume polysaccharide, summarizes the biological function of Achyranthes bidentata Blume polysaccharide, analyzes the research progress of its application in animal production, to provide reference for further popularization of Achyranthes bidentata Blume polysaccharide in animal production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera) with high crude protein, biological yield and rich nutrients, was widely planted in China, and contains a variety of biologically active ingredients. Paper mulberry can improve the immunity and quality of livestock and poultry. Also, paper mulberry has been widely used in animal production and was listed in the feed catalogue of agricultural feed materials by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. The article reviews the nutritional value, processing methods, feeding techniques and feeding effects of paper mulberry in animal production, and provide a reference for promoting the feed utilization of paper mulberry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to study the pretreatment method of bagasse cellulose, optimize the composition of cellulase system and increase the amount of enzyme production. Bagasse cellulose was pretreated by microwave, phosphoric acid and steam explosion. The results showed that cellulase production and hemicellulase activity of Fusarium oxychlamycline HML278 were increased, the enzyme activity of filter paper was increased by 1.02 times than that of untreated material, and the enzymatic hydrolysis of glucose was increased by 100% compared with that of untreated bagasse. Aspergillus oryzae HML366 could produce β-glucosidase with high transferring-activity to synthesize gentiose. Gentiose could induce cellulase production from Fusarium chlamychii HML278. Fusarium oxychlamycline HML278 and Aspergillus oryzae HML366 had good compatibility, and the enzyme activity of filter paper was increased by 83.62% compared with Fusarium oxychlamycline HML278 and 93.09% compared with Aspergillus oryzae HML366. The study indicates that the mixed culture of Aspergillus oryzae HML366 and Fusarium oxychlamyclum HML278 is better than that of single strain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to study the allelopathic effect of alfalfa extract on seed germination of perennial ryegrass. The effect of five extracts (0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 g/L) from roots, stems and leaves of alfalfa wl-963-HQ on seed germination and seedling growth of perennial ryegrass were determined by Petri dish filter paper method. The results showed that the germination rate, germination potential, germination index and vigor index of the seeds decreased obviously with the increase of the concentration of the extracts from the roots, stems and leaves of alfalfa. The root and leaf extracts of alfalfa had a stronger inhibitory effect on the germination of perennial ryegrass seeds. When the concentration was 20.0 g/L, perennial ryegrass seeds could not germinate normally. Alfalfa extract had no inhibitory effect on root length and seedling height of perennial ryegrass seedlings, but had significant effect on seedling weight. The extracts from the roots, stems and leaves of alfalfa significantly decreased the chlorophyll content of perennial ryegrass seedlings (P<0.05), and the POD activity was significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, CAT activity of perennial ryegrass seedlings was significantly increased when the stem extract of alfalfa was 10.0 and 20.0 g/L (P<0.05). The study indicates that alfalfa extract has obvious allelopathy on perennial ryegrass, and reasonable row spacing was needed to reduce allelopathy when the two herbage are mixed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The large-scale development of livestock and poultry breeding industry is the core of promoting the highquality development of animal husbandry economy, and it is also an important foundation for realizing the goal of Chinese modernization. This paper expounds the opportunities for the large-scale development of livestock and poultry breeding in China from the aspects of improving the development pattern of livestock and poultry breeding and continuously introducing livestock and poultry breeding policies. Based on Chinese modernization, the large-scale development of livestock and poultry breeding can promote the high-quality transformation of animal husbandry, create a modern ecology of livestock and poultry breeding, and enhance the stability of livestock and poultry breeding market economy. On this basis, the paper proposes to improve the large-scale development mechanism of livestock and poultry breeding, establishes a modern development model of livestock and poultry breeding, and fully taps the innovative path of modern livestock and poultry breeding resources, so as to provide assistance for promoting the development of Chinese modernization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important part of people's livelihood commodity reserve system, pork storage policy is an important policy tool to ensure the supply and price stability of live pigs and pork market, which is of great significance to alleviate the price fluctuation of live pig market in China. Based on the data of 30 provinces in China from 2007 to 2022, this paper constructs a double difference model to evaluate the impact of the Regulation Plan for Preventing Excessive Decline of Live Pig Prices (Provisional) promulgated in 2009 and a series of pork purchasing and storage policies on the price fluctuation of live pig market in China. The results show that after controlling for other factors, pork storage policy has a significant inhibitory effect on the price fluctuation of live pig market in China, and its effect is about 0.041. The effect of pork storage policy on the price fluctuation of live pig market in China has obvious regional heterogeneity, and the policy has the strongest effect in the eastern region. This paper mainly investigates the influence of pork storage policy on the price fluctuation of live pig market, in order to provide reference for reasonable control of live pig market price. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uzhumqin sheep has the characteristics of large individual, abundant meat, and strong stress resistance. The mutton produced by Uzhumqin sheep is widely loved by consumers because of its delicious meat and rich nutrition. This paper analyzes the general situation of Uzhumqin sheep from two aspects: Forage characteristics and multi-vertebra characteristics of Uzhumqin sheep. In the aspect of meat quality characteristics, the influence mechanism is summarized in three parts: Dietary nutritional factors, muscle fiber characteristics and lipid. The mutual construction mechanism between intramuscular fat content, fatty acid types and oxidation degree of unsaturated fatty acids and nutritional value of Uzhumqin sheep is emphatically explored. Through the metabolic accumulation of flavor substances and volatile flavor compounds in Uzhumqin sheep, the specific reasons for the rich taste and no smell of mutton are explained. This paper systematically analyzes the causes of unique flavor and rich nutrition of Uzhumqin sheep, in order to provide reference for further research on the network of meat quality regulation mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of the aquaculture industry, finding effective ways to improve the health and production efficiency of aquatic animals has become a research hotspot. Probiotics help reduce the risk of diseases in aquaculture animals and improve production performance. Lactobacillus acidophilus belongs to the genus Lactobacillus, and is a gram-positive probiotic, which exists widely in the natural environment and the digestive system of animals. It can regulate pH value, improve the growth performance and feed utilization of animals, and enhance the immune function of animals. This paper reviewed the application of Lactobacillus acidophilus in promoting the growth and nutrient utilization of aquatic animals, enhancing the immune function of aquatic animals and improving the intestinal structure and function of aquatic animals. It also discussed the role of Lactobacillus acidophilus in the prevention and control of bacterial diseases and water quality regulation, and put forward suggestions for future research direction of Lactobacillus acidophilus, to provide reference for the research and development of Lactobacillus acidophilus products and the sustainable development of aquaculture industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of China's livestock industry, the demand for protein feed has surged, underscoring the importance of developing and utilizing new types of feed. As a kind of high quality woody feed resource, Broussonetia papyrifera has the advantages of high yield, wide distribution, strong environmental adaptability, comprehensive nutrition and high protein content, and has been popularized and applied in many provinces and regions in across China. In order to make full use of the resources of Broussonetia papyrifera, the mixed silage of this plant can improve the palatability and nutrient utilization of the Broussonetia papyrifera feed, improve the growth performance of livestock and poultry, reduce the death rate, improve the intestinal microenvironment, and improve the meat quality. This paper summarizes the recent research progress on the evaluation of the nutritional value of Broussonetia papyrifera and its various processing methods for livestock and poultry feed, and comprehensively discusses the application of the Broussonetia papyrifera in animal breeding, in order to provide reference for the rational development and utilization of the Broussonetia papyrifera resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper was to investigate the effects of sunflower straw replacing corn stover on the digestive performance, lactation performance, rumen fermentation indexes, and serum biochemical indexes of dairy cows. Eighty Chinese Holstein cows with no significant differences in parity, body weight, and milk yield were selected and randomly divided into four groups of 20 replicates each, with each head as a replicate. The control group was fed a basal diet, and unflower straw in the experimental groups was replaced with 20% (Group I), 50% (Group II), and 100% (Group III) corn stover in the basal diet, respectively. The experiment lasted for 100 days, including 10 days of pre-test and 90 days of formal experiment. The results showed that compared with the control group, the dry matter intake of the three experimental groups was significantly increased (P<0.05), the apparent digestibility of dry matter was significantly increased (P<0.05), the apparent digestibility of crude protein in all experimental groups was extremely increased (P<0.01). The somatic cell count in the milk of Group II was significantly reduced (P<0.05), the microbial protein content in Group III was significantly decreased (P<0.05). GroupsII and III showed a significant increase in the levels of total protein and albumin in serum at 60 and 90 days (P<0.05). The production efficiency of Group I increased by 4.51 yuan/head per day. The study shows that replacing corn stover with 20% sunflower stalks can increase dairy cows' feed intake, improve digestion and absorption of nutrients, and improve milk production and quality, with no adverse effects on the rumen environment and liver and kidney function, and with better economic benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the monthly data of 132 fattening feed prices for mutton sheep from January 2012 to December 2022, this paper selects soybean meal price, wheat bran price, mutton price, and natural disaster risk index as explanatory variables to analyze the influencing factors of fattening feed price fluctuation for mutton sheep in China. The results showed that the price of soybean meal had a significant impact on fattening feed of mutton sheep through an internal transmission mechanism. Natural disasters had obvious influence on the fluctuation of fattening feed price of mutton sheep through external impact mechanism. The fattening feed price of early mutton sheep had a significant impact on the fattening feed price of late mutton sheep. The study indicates that the conclusion of this paper can provide a reference for maintaining the long-term stability of fattening feed price of mutton sheep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a major component of sustainable economic development, how to achieve green and high-quality development under the guidance of the strategy of agricultural power has become an important issue. This paper expounds the practical basis for the green and high-quality development of Chinese animal husbandry industry from three aspects: Continuous increase in support policies, increasingly strong market demand, and continuous enhancement of the competitiveness of animal husbandry industry. For an agricultural power, the green and high-quality development of the animal husbandry industry will help drive the modernization of agriculture and rural areas, help the rapid economic growth of animal husbandry, and build a modern ecology of the animal husbandry industry. Therefore, this paper proposes to strengthen the policy support of animal husbandry industry, improve the level of informatization of animal husbandry industry, and establish an innovative path of cold chain processing and distribution system for livestock and poultry commodities, so as to provide important support for the realization of the strategic goal of agricultural power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to study the stability of feed additive lysozyme dimer in influencing factors and accelerated test, determined the validity period of the product through long-term test. Three batches of lysozyme dimer samples were taken for influencing factor test (high temperature test, high humidity test and light test), accelerated test and long-term test, the moisture, dimer content and enzyme activity of lysozyme dimer were detected as inspection indicators. The results showed that the lysozyme dimer was relatively stable in the influence factor test, accelerated test and long-term test. The validity period of the product was preliminarily determined to be 12 months after the validity period prediction analysis. The experiment indicates that lysozyme dimer is relatively stable. The product can be packed in compound paper bags and stored in dry and ventilated places. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of circular economy in animal husbandry is an important power source for the development of Chinese agricultural economy. Under the background of agricultural power, the development of circular economy of animal husbandry is of great significance to increase farmers' income and enrich rural communities, improve rural ecological environment and solve the problem of agricultural resource constraint. This paper expounds the basis of developing a circular economy in animal husbandry from three aspects, such as the continuous optimization of animal husbandry industrial structure, the increasing level of resource utilization and the preliminary formation of green circular development pattern. On this basis, based on the background of agricultural power, put forward 'concept first, promote the sustainable development of animal husbandry, value is the key to help the steady growth of livestock recycling economy, science and technology as the core, driving the integration of science and technology innovation in animal husbandry' innovation path, in order to provide a reference for the high-quality development of animal husbandry circular economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gut microbiota is one of the most important components of homeostasis, and is closely related to the health of animals. Probiotics are often used to improve microbiota, regulate immunity, alleviate diseases, and maintain health. Clostridium butyricum is a butyric acid-producing Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium of the genus Clostridium in the family Bacillaceae that grows and reproduces rapidly. It has good bile salt tolerance, hydrophobicity and self-aggregation. Clostridium butyricum can effectively alleviate intestinal inflammation and enhance animal health by regulating intestinal immunity, improving intestinal barrier function, regulating intestinal microbiota structure and other mechanisms. In addition, Clostridium butyricum also has the potential to resist stress and improve animal production performance. The paper reviews the research progress of Clostridium butyricum in the regulation of animal intestinal health, including its physicochemical properties, mechanism of action, and application effects on intestinal functions. It aims to provide a reference for the in-depth research and practical application of Clostridium butyricum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The characteristics of muscle fibers have a significant impact on the yield and quality of pork. The growth and development of muscle fibers are influenced by factors such as genetics, nutrition, and signaling pathways. These factors can affect the characteristics of muscle fibers by regulating the expression of genes like myosin heavy chain (MyHC), improving muscle fiber growth, thereby helping to enhance the quality and yield of pork. In this paper, the development process of pig muscle fiber, the regulation pathway of growth and development and the factors affecting the growth and development of pig muscle fiber were discussed. The aim is to provide a reference for promoting the growth and development of pig muscle fibers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, as the pig breeding industry expands, the demand for feed resources is gradually expanding. Unconventional feed has the characteristics of a wide range of sources, a variety of types, large output, and rich nutritional substances, and is an indispensable substitute for conventional feed resources. Therefore, the reasonable and effective development and use of unconventional feed resources is an important way to alleviate the shortage of conventional feed resources, reduce the cost of pig farming, improve economic and ecological benefits, and promote the healthy and sustainable development of pig farming and feed industry. Unconventional feed resources in China mainly come from agricultural by-products and food industry by-products, including straw and husk, cake and meal, dregs and woody species. At present, the research on unconventional feed resources in pig farming mainly focuses on growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility, meat quality, antioxidant capacity, immune function and intestinal microorganisms. This paper briefly describes the types, characteristics and utilization technology of unconventional feed resources, mainly introduces their application in pig farming, and analyses some problems in the development and utilization of unconventional feed resources and gives solutions. It aims to provide reference for the development of Chinese pig farming and feed industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital finance is a driving force for enhancing the resilience of the animal husbandry supply chain, and can provide important support for the resilience of the animal husbandry supply chain. Digital finance helps to break through industrial financing constraints, empower the development of the animal husbandry insurance market, and build a financing ecosystem, thereby effectively enhancing the robustness, stability, and availability of the animal husbandry supply chain, and enhancing its resilience. From the perspective of Chinese-style modernization, the key task of digital finance to improve the resilience of the animal husbandry supply chain is to improve the level of emergency collaborative response, promote the integration of digital technology applications and promote the digital upgrading of animal husbandry, so as to enhance the resistance, resilience and adaptability of the supply chain. Therefore, the paper puts forward suggestions on speeding up digital infrastructure construction, improving digital financial regulatory policies, and optimizing digital information sharing mechanism, with a view to providing help for comprehensively improving the resilience of animal husbandry supply chain and accelerating the process of Chinese-style modernization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking the daily closing price of Chinese corn futures from June 1, 2020 to September 1, 2023 as the panel data, this paper analyzes the existence and duration of Chinese corn futures price foam through the SADF, GSADF and BSADF test methods. We empirically tested the influencing factors of Chinese corn futures price foam with the static panel model and dynamic panel model. The results show that there are four foam in the price of Chinese corn futures market during the observation period, of which the price foam lasts the longest from September 2022 to November 2022 (64 days), from August 2023 to September 2023, the corn futures price foam lasts for a short time (31 days). Among the various influencing factors of Chinese corn futures price foam, the relationship between temporary corn purchase and storage policy, climate factors and Chinese corn futures price foam is negatively correlated. The fluctuation of pig market price, soybean price and African swine fever are positively correlated with the foam of Chinese corn futures price. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper takes the monthly prices of meat poultry in 30 provinces (city and municipality) of China as the research object, and empirically studies the asymmetric fluctuation characteristics of poultry market prices using the TGARCH model. The results show that the poultry prices in 12 provinces (city and municipality) have asymmetric fluctuation characteristics, indicating that the asymmetric fluctuation characteristics of poultry market prices in China are not universal. There are significant regional differences in the asymmetric fluctuation characteristics of meat poultry market prices in China. Hebei, Fujian, Hainan, Shanxi, Henan, Sichuan, and Gansu exhibit negative asymmetric fluctuation characteristics, while Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, and Liaoning exhibit positive asymmetric fluctuation characteristics; the main factors causing the asymmetric fluctuation of meat poultry market prices include production costs, diseases, and market changes. Based on this, it is necessary to maintain the order of the poultry meat market, pay attention to the correlation of poultry market prices; build an information platform to improve the comprehensive benefits of the poultry industry, improve production and breeding supporting facilities, enhance the level of safe epidemic prevention, and achieve effective control of price fluctuations in the poultry market by multiple entities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The feed utilization rate of straw resources in China is low, because of the low crude protein content and high lignocellulose content of straw, which hinder the degradation of nutrients of straw by rumen microorganisms, so direct feeding cannot meet the nutritional needs of beef cattle. According to the content of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber in different harvest periods of straw in different regions, the optimal combination technology can effectively improve the palatability and nutrient structure of straw, and increase the utilization rate of straw feed, which is of great significance to solve the shortage of high-quality roughage and feed utilization of straw resources in China. This paper introduced the effects of optimized combination technology on gas content, microbial protein, fermentation parameters, and nutrient level of straw in vitro fermentation, and expounded the principle of optimized combination technology and its effects on growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility, rumen fermentation, microflora, and breeding efficiency of beef cattle, in order to improve the rational utilization of straw resources for feed. It provides reference for the development and utilization of straw optimization combination technology in beef cattle production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the era of digital economy, the livestock industry, as a key driving force for the development of modern agriculture and the promotion of agricultural economic growth, plays an important role in pig prices in China. Based on pig price data from February 2011 to January 2023, spanning a total of 144 months, this paper employs the VAR model to empirically test the impact of changes in the livestock industry structure on pig prices. The results show that changes in the livestock industry structure are a Granger cause of pig price fluctuations. The pig prices are affected by the lagged impact of changes in the livestock industry structure. The pig prices were negatively impacted by the changes in the livestock industry structure in the first two periods, and and began to be positively affected by the changes in the livestock industry structure from the third period. The response reached its peak in the 12th period, and the impact tended to disappear in the 24th period. The shock response cycle of changes in the livestock industry structure to pig prices is approximately two years, with a contribution rate of 10.85% still present by the end of the second year. The study indicates that changes in the livestock industry structure have a positive impact on the pig prices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The larvae of the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) are rich in fat, protein, and minerals, characterized by high nutritional value, rapid growth, and ease of breeding. As a new type of high-quality feed protein source, the black soldier fly has the potential to replace soybean meal and fish meal protein materials in animal feed. Appropriate replacement of protein materials can improve the growth performance, antioxidant and disease resistance of animals, and enhance the quality of eggs and meat. In this paper, the biological characteristics, main nutritional components and the application of black soldier fly in aquaculture, poultry and pig production instead of conventional protein feed materials in recent years were reviewed, in order to provide reference for the application of black Tabanus in animal production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phytosterols are 3-hydroxyl compounds with cyclopentadienanthrene as the backbone, which mainly exist in plant cell membranes in three forms: Free, esterified and glycoside. Phytosterols are precursors to the synthesis of steroid, vitamin D and many kinds of hormones. They are widely found in plant oils, vegetables, fruits, nuts, legumes and tubers. Phytosterols mainly include β -sitosterol, stigmosterol, canola sterol and so on, which are active substances with cholesterol structure. Phytosterols have many biological functions, such as regulating immunity, lowering cholesterol, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, promoting growth, preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. With the deepening of research on phytosterols, they have been widely used in animal breeding and production in recent years. Phytosterols can improve the antioxidant capacity and immunity of animal body, improve lipid metabolism, improve production performance, improve the quality of animal products, and increase the economic benefit of breeding. In order to better apply phytosterols in animal production, the physicochemical properties, active functions and the research progress of phytosterols in animal culture were reviewed in this paper, and some references were provided for their further promotion and application in animal production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of the livestock industry, the number of livestock and poultry in China is increasing gradually, leading to a shortage of animal feed resources. To address this issue, the development of unconventional feed as a substitute for feed has become key to the development of livestock production. China is a big country of liquor brewing, which produces a large amount of liquor residue every year. Dry white liquor distiller's grains, one of the waste products, has a high digestibility and is rich in soluble sugars, proteins, and other substances. These nutrients can improve the palatability of feed, promote the secretion of digestive fluids, and are easily absorbed by the animal body, thereby aiding in the growth and development of the animal. Dry white liquor distiller's grains can regulate the structure of the intestinal flora and alter the internal environment of the rumen in ruminant animals. Due to its widespread availability and low cost, it can replace some feed ingredients, which is beneficial for reducing the cost of breeding. Based on the analysis of the nutritional value of dry white liquor distiller's grains, the feed processing technology, feeding methods, application in ruminant production and the limiting factors of feed utilization of dry white liquor distiller's grains, were further reviewed in this paper, in order to provide reference for the application of white liquor distiller's grains in feed production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Earthworm is an excellent animal protein feed with a full range of amino acids, rich in fatty acids, and high mineral and vitamin content. Proper addition of earthworm and its products in feed can promote fish growth, improve immunity and digestive enzyme activity, and have no obvious adverse effects on intestinal morphology, intestinal permeability, intestinal inflammation and intestinal flora of fish. However, the high price of earthworm meal has a great impact on feed production cost and economic benefit. In order to further explore the application value of earthworm, this paper mainly introduces the biological characteristics, nutritional value and application of earthworm and other earthworm products in aquaculture, and provides references for the promotion and application of earthworm in aquatic feed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Greenhouse gases refer to gases that can absorb long-wave radiation in the earth's atmosphere and cause atmospheric temperature to rise, among which carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and fluorine are the gases that have the most prominent impact on climate change. Greenhouse gas emissions from animal husbandry account for a large proportion of the total global emissions. Therefore, in order to reduce the impact of animal husbandry on climate change, it is particularly important to control greenhouse gas emissions from cowshed. At present, there are two main ways to control greenhouse gas emissions from cowshed: Improving the production mode and management mode of animal husbandry to reduce greenhouse gas generation, control greenhouse gas emissions through technical means. This paper explains the toxic effect of greenhouse gases emitted by cattle in cowshed, emphatically analyzes the related factors affecting greenhouse gas emissions and its control methods, discusses various greenhouse gas emission reduction control measures from the perspectives of feed composition and additive regulation, adsorbent placement in the cowshed environment, and environmental optimization outside of the cowshed, and analyzes the advantages and existing problems of the existing technologies, to provide references for promoting environmentally friendly, sustainable scientific livestock and poultry farming practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation of the policy of 'grain to feed' has a great impact on Chinese mutton sheep breeding industry. Based on the macro statistical data of domestic mutton sheep breeding cost-benefit, combined with the field survey data of 10 typical provinces from 2017 to 2022, this paper compares and analyzes the cost-efficiency changes and influencing factors of mutton sheep breeding in various scales in 2017 before the implementation of 'grain to feed' and in 2022 after the full implementation, so as to explore an effective way to improve the cost-efficiency of mutton sheep breeding in China under the background of 'grain to feed'. It is found that after the implementation of the policy of 'grain to feed', the cost efficiency of mutton sheep breeding in China has improved significantly. There is a positive correlation between the cost efficiency of farming and the scale of farming, and the cost efficiency of small-scale farming increases most obviously. Increasing technical guidance investment can steadily improve the cost efficiency of mutton sheep breeding. There are obvious regional differences in cost efficiency of mutton sheep breeding in different scales. The study indicates that under the background of the continuous release of the policy dividend of 'grain to feed', a technical guidance center for mutton sheep breeding should be established, the whole industrial chain of differentiated mutton sheep should be built, and the large-scale breeding project of 'grain to feed' should be implemented to provide a useful reference for improving the cost efficiency of mutton sheep breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper selects the price index of wheat, corn and soybean from January 2002 to April 2022 in feed industry information network, and analyzes the asymmetry and persistence of feed raw material price fluctuation in China using the Markov regional system transformation model. The results showed that the fluctuation risk and mutual transfer of feed raw material prices in different stages in China were asymmetric, that is, the fluctuation risk of wheat price, corn price, and soybean price in the falling stage was greater than that in the rising stage. There is a big gap between the average duration and duration probability of wheat price in each stage in China. In the average duration, compared with the 'falling stage', the duration of corn and soybean prices in the 'rising stage' is obviously higher, while the duration of wheat prices is opposite. From the analysis of persistence probability, the persistence probability of wheat in 'sliding stage' is the highest, and that of corn in 'rising stage' is the highest, which is similar to the conclusion of average duration. The research has important reference value for stabilizing the price of feed raw materials and promoting the sustainable development of feed raw materials industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lonicera japonica is a common medicinal and edible plant, which is rich in various pharmacological active components, including flavonoids, organic acids, volatile oils, iridoid glycosides, etc. It plays an important role in antioxidant, antiviral, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, liver protection, liver protection, and immune regulation. Lonicera japonica and its extract can improve animal growth performance, enhance immunity and antioxidant capacity, prevent and treat diseases, maintain intestinal health and ensure product quality. In this paper, the main chemical constituents, biological functions and application status of Lonicera japonica and its extracts in poultry, livestock, and aquaculture production were summarized, which provided a reference for the research and application of Lonicera japonica and its extracts in animal production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the panel data of 30 provincial administrative regions from 2011 to 2021, this paper empirically tests the impact of the livestock and poultry forbidden zone policy on the cost efficiency of beef cattle breeding in China with the help of double difference model. The results showed that the policy of the livestock and poultry forbidden zone had an obvious promotion effect on the cost efficiency of the beef cattle breeding industry in China, and the influence degree was 0.074. Transportation infrastructure, farmers' investment level, beef cattle slaughter rate, and economic development level all had a significant positive impact on the cost efficiency of beef cattle breeding, and transportation infrastructure had the strongest positive promotion effect. There are obvious regional differences in the impact of livestock and poultry forbidden area policy on the cost efficiency of beef cattle breeding, which was manifested in the stronger promotion effect on ordinary beef cattle producing areas. Therefore, the paper puts forward some policy suggestions, such as rationally delineating livestock and poultry forbidden areas, accelerating the improvement of transportation infrastructure and developing beef cattle breeding industry according to local conditions, so as to provide a useful reference for accelerating the high-quality development of the beef cattle breeding industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper used the location entropy index, spatial gini coefficient and barycenter model to analyze the temporal and spatial changes of Chinese animal husbandry industry agglomeration from 2002 to 2021. On this basis, the fixedeffects model was constructed to explore the influencing factors of the animal husbandry industry agglomeration. The results showed that from 2002 to 2021, the agglomeration degree of Chinese animal husbandry industry exhibited a continuous upward trend. The focus of the animal husbandry industry agglomeration had been concentrated in Henan and Sichuan for a long time. The animal husbandry industry gradually gathered from the eastern to the central region. The technology input, industry correlation, economic development level and policy environment all had a positive impact on the animal husbandry industry agglomeration, while the number of labor force had no significant impact on the animal husbandry industry agglomeration. Therefore, the paper puts forward some suggestions to accelerate the clustered development of animal husbandry industry, stimulate the shift of high-qualitanimal husbandry industry elements to the centralregion, and strengthen the policy support for the animal husbandry industry agglomeration, so as to provide a reference for promoting the high-quality development of animal husbandry industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the opening of the silo to the end of its feeding, the silage face undergoes materials and energy flow with the external environment. Oxygen is the cause of the deterioration of silage quality. It promotes a series of aerobic microorganisms to eat high-nutrient substances (such as water-soluble sugars and lactic acid), which leads to a decrease in the dry matter and energy content of the silage, and may even result in the production of mycotoxins. The silage face is susceptible to oxidation, but effective management of the silage face can help preserve more nutrients for ruminants. The paper introduces the structural characteristics of silage, gas exchange, volatilization of fermentation ends, and microbial activities that occur on the silage face. It also describes the conditions that lead to aerobic deterioration on the silage face. Additionally, the paper reviews the role of silage face management, such as management principles, daily removal rate, silage remover, and feeding principles, in ensuring personnel safety, preserving nutrients and reducing dry matter losses, to provide a reference for implementing effective feed-out practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dry distiller's grains and its soluble matter (DDGS) is a kind of nutrient-rich protein feed, which can partially replace the dosage of soybean meal in production. However, due to its own anti-nutrient factors, some nutrients are broken during processing, and the proportion of amino acids is unbalanced, which limits the extensive use of DDGS in production. This paper summarizes the nutritional characteristics of different types of DDGS, analyzes the factors affecting the quality and the treatment methods to reduce the unfavorable factors, combs the application effects in different animals, and gives the suggested dosage after comprehensive analysis, which provides a reference for rational utilization of DDGS and promoting feed saving and consumption reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metabolomics, as a technology widely used in biological research, has shown its importance in ruminant research. This technology enables researchers to detect the metabolites produced by ruminants and deeply analyze the relationship between these metabolites and animal phenotype, which provides comprehensive and powerful support for the research on nutrition, breeding, and diseases of ruminants. In the nutritional research of ruminants, metabolomics can be used to evaluate the effects of different feed processing technologies and different nutritional levels on metabolites. In addition, in the study of ruminant feeding methods, metabolomics technology can detect the effects of different feeding methods, such as grazing and house feeding, on metabolites, which helps us to understand the effects of feeding methods on ruminant physiology and metabolism. In the study of ruminant diseases, metabolomics can be used to compare the metabolic differences between sick animals and healthy animals, as well as susceptible and insensitive animals, which is helpful to identify potential biomarkers and provide clues for early diagnosis and treatment of diseases. In the research of ruminant breeding, metabolomics can be used to evaluate the metabolic changes in litter size of female animals, testicular size of male animals and sperm quality. This information helps to select animals with good genetic characteristics and improve breeding efficiency. This paper reviews the research progress of metabonomics in ruminant production, including nutrition, feeding methods, diseases and breeding, and discusses the advantages of metabonomics research, so as to provide reference for the wider application of metabonomics technology in ruminant research in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poultry gastrointestinal tract is an important system for transforming ingested feed into nutrients needed for maintaining growth and reproduction. Chicken gastrointestinal tract is colonized with a large number of microflora, which play an important role in the health and function of the host. Feed enzyme preparation is a kind of protein with biocatalytic ability, which has the advantages of high efficiency, safety, non-toxicity, no residue, and green. It can adjust the physical and chemical properties of feed, affect the intestinal tissue structure, regulate the endogenous enzyme activity and intestinal flora, and thus improve the intestinal health and production performance of poultry. In this paper, the composition and function of gastrointestinal tract, the distribution of intestinal microorganisms and the regulatory effects of enzyme preparations on intestinal health in chickens were reviewed, in order to provide a reference for further research on the regulation of intestinal health by enzyme preparations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the panel data of 31 provinces in China from 2008 to 2022, this paper uses geographical concentration degree and spatial Gini coefficient to explore the spatial agglomeration characteristics of Chinese livestock modernization development, and uses a spatial econometric model to analyze the influencing factors of Chinese livestock modernization development. The results show that the modernization development of animal husbandry in China from 2008 to 2022 has a strong spatial agglomeration effect, which is manifested as the stage characteristics of 'decentralization- agglomeration-decentralization'. The Moran's index of Chinese animal husbandry modernization from 2008 to 2022 is significantly positive, indicating that Chinese animal husbandry modernization has an obvious spatial positive correlation. The number of animal husbandry employees, mechanization level, and per capita consumption of meat, egg and milk have significant positive effects on the modernization of animal husbandry in China. The water consumption of animal husbandry, urbanization rate, and density of transportation network have no significant influence on the modernization of animal husbandry. The spatial effect decomposition results showed that the number of livestock practitioners, mechanization level and per capita consumption of meat, egg, and milk also have significant positive effects on the modernization of Chinese livestock industry in neighboring areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to ensure the reasonable and stable price of beef and promote the sustainable and healthy development of the beef market, based on the monthly data of Chinese livestock industry from December 2011 to December 2022, the paper selects corn price, producer expectation, calf price, and national policy to build a VAR model from the perspective of internal transmission and external impact, and empirically tests the influencing factors and degree of beef price fluctuation in China. The results show that corn prices, producer expectations, calf prices, and national policies can affect beef prices. Among them, the corn price has a significant impact on the fluctuation of beef price through the internal transmission mechanism, and the stable contribution rate is about 8%. National policy has a significant impact on the fluctuation of beef prices in China through the external impact mechanism,with a contribution rate of 15%. The price of beef in the early stage significantly affects the market price of beef in the later stage. Therefore, some suggestions were put forward to reduce the feed cost of the beef cattle industry, strengthen the financial support of the beef cattle industry, and improve the market supervision system of beef price fluctuation, in order to provide a reference for stabilizing the beef price and promoting the sustainable development of the livestock industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the gradual expansion of aquaculture industry in China, the frequent occurrence of diseases in aquatic animal aquaculture and the pollution of aquatic water are becoming more and more serious. The long-term use of antibiotics and traditional vaccines in aquaculture has caused water pollution, drug-resistant strains, antibiotic residues, and other problems, which restricts the healthy development of aquaculture industry. Plant polysaccharides play an important role in replacing antibiotics. Plant polysaccharides exist in the leaves, flowers, roots, stems, and fruits of plants. They are macromolecular polymers that connect various monosaccharides by glycosidic bonds. Plant polysaccharides have the advantages of safety, high efficiency, low residue and no drug resistance. Plant polysaccharides have many biological functions, such as regulating immunity, anti-oxidation, lowering blood sugar, anti-tumor, and improving intestinal health. The application of plant polysaccharides in animal production can improve body health, enhance immunity and antioxidant capacity, and improve production performance. Therefore, this paper mainly reviewed the physicochemical properties, biological functions of plant polysaccharides and their application in aquaculture, so as to provide a reference for their further promotion and application in aquaculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seabuckthorn is rich in polysaccharides, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, fatty acids, vitamins, and other active components. It has biological functions such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, liver-protecting, and cholagogic, which can enhance the immunity and antioxidant function of livestock and poultry, improve growth performance, and improve the quality of livestock and poultry products. Adding seabuckthorn residue, seeds, leaves or extracts to diet can promote the production of pigs, sheep, dairy cows and broilers to varying degrees, reduce feed costs and improve the economic benefits of breeding, but the active components and molecular mechanisms of seabuckthorn promoting livestock and poultry production are unclear. In this paper, the active components, biological functions, and application of seabuckthorn in livestock and poultry production were summarized, which provided a reference for the mechanism research, production application and development of seabuckthorn promoting livestock and poultry production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the scale of poultry breeding in China is gradually expanding, and the demand for feed raw materials is also rising. At present, the poultry industry is facing the problem of shortage of protein feed resources, so it is urgent to find high-quality and sustainable protein feed raw materials. The edible insect black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L., BSF) has become a potential sustainable new protein feed, which can replace traditional protein feed materials such as soybean meal and fish meal. BSF is a saprophytic insect, which mainly feeds on organic waste, and has the characteristics of rapid growth and reproduction, extensive feeding and high feed conversion rate. The larvae or pre-pupae of BSF are rich in protein, fat, minerals, and trace elements, and their content of essential amino acids is comparable to that of fish meal and soybean meal. They also contain bioactive substances such as lauric acid, antimicrobial peptides, and chitin. Based on the nutritional characteristics of BSF larvae and processed products, this paper reviewed the research progress of BSF in poultry breeding, in order to provide a reference for the wide application of BSF in poultry production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hair follicle is a regenerative organ, and its growth process constantly goes through the cycle of growth, decline and rest period. The cyclic growth of hair follicle determines the growth and loss of fur. Hair follicles are not only regulated by genetic, environmental, and other factors, but also closely related to the content and type of nutrients in the diet, especially the protein content and amino acid composition. Protein is an important substance in the composition of fur animal coat. Sulfur-containing amino acids are the main amino acids that restrict the growth of coat. Sulfur elements exist in the coat in the form of disulfide bonds, which play an important role in maintaining the network space structure of coat fibrin molecules and resisting the erosion of various adverse factors from the outside world. In addition, lysine, tryptophan, tyrosine, glutamic acid, and other non-sulfur-containing amino acids are also involved in the formation of fur animal skin sheets, which play an important role in controlling fur animal skin coat color, promoting coat growth and regulating fur maturation. In this paper, the recent research progress on the effects of protein content and amino acid composition in feed on fur quality of fur animals is reviewed, in order to provide a reference for guiding the genetic selection and production of fur animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nibea is rich in protein, essential amino acids, fatty acids, trace elements and swim bladder collagen. The meat is tender, delicious and has high nutritional value. Nibea also has the advantages of adaptability, rapid growth, and strong stress resistance, and is one of the important mariculture fish in the coastal areas of China. Currently there are a lot of reports on the nutritional requirements and feed of Nibea, but studies on its precise nutritional requirements at different growth stages and the relationship between nutrients and functional feed additives are still not thorough enough. The cultivation of Nibea is mainly based on chopped and fresh ice mixed fish, lacking specialized formulated feed, which has disadvantages such as nutritional imbalance, unstable quality, and water pollution. In this paper, the research progress of protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamin, and mineral requirements as well as dietary protein sources, fat sources, and additives were reviewed in order to provide a reference for the study of precise nutritional requirements and the preparation of efficient and environmentally friendly compound feeds of Nibea, so as to promote the healthy and sustainable development of Nibea aquaculture industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Callicarpa nudiflora can be used as a new green plant feed additive in animal production. The main chemical components of Callicarpa nudiflora are flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, terpenoids, volatile oils, etc. These components play different pharmacological roles in anti-inflammatory, hemostatic, antibacterial, and immune enhancement, which can be used in animal production. In order to promote the further development and citation of Callicarpa nudiflora, the paper summarized the pharmacological activity and mechanism of Callicarpa nudiflora, and summarized its research progress in monogastric animal production, providing a reference for the subsequent development of Callicarpa nudiflora. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, the global concern about food safety and environmental pollution is increasing day by day. Reducing the use of toxic and harmful additives such as antibiotics, hormones, and chemicals in livestock and poultry feed, developing green, safe, efficient, and low-residue additives, ensuring consumers' health, and improving the ecological environment are the focus of animal husbandry at present. Flavonoids are secondary metabolites of plants, which widely exist in bark, root, stem, leaf, fruit, and seeds of plants. They have many biological activities such as anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, reducing oxidative stress, protecting intestinal mucosa, improving intestinal flora structure, promoting growth, and regulating immunity, etc. They can improve animal production performance and product quality, and have potential development value to enhance the economic benefits of farms. In this paper, the role of flavonoids and their application in livestock and poultry breeding were reviewed, and the application research progress of flavonoids in calves and adult cattle was emphasized, to provide a reference for its rational application in cattle production at different growth stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important trait of poultry, bone characteristics affect the healthy development of poultry. Breeding of fast weight gain broilers and laying hens with a high laying rate increases the burden on skeletal system, which easily leads to abnormal skeletal development of chickens. Bone metabolism imbalance easily affects bone health, and then affects chicken growth performance. Chinese herbal medicine has many advantages, such as abundant medicine source, many nutrients and active ingredients, good application effect, little toxic and side effects, and is not easy to produce durable medicinal properties, so it has a wide application prospect in livestock and poultry production. At present, the research on Chinese herbal medicine and its active components regulating chicken bone metabolism and bone health has become a hot spot. In this paper, the growth and development of chicken bone, the characteristics of bone metabolism and common bone diseases of chicken were briefly described, and the research on bone metabolism and bone health of chicken by Chinese herbal medicine and its active components was summarized, which provided a reference for the development and application of Chinese herbal medicine in the prevention and treatment of chicken bone diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]