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In order to provide reference for the institutional construction of ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin, from a methodological perspective, this paper analyzed the new institutional construction needs for ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin, and the contradiction of the overall requirements of basin governance between fragmented management in reality. On the premise of adhering to ecological priority and green development, and implementing tailored and classified policies, the above issues could be solved by finding the smallest tool unit that covered both ecological protection and high-quality development. Green credit is the minimum common multiple between ecological protection and high-quality development. Establishing a green credit system through laws, regulations and policy regulations is a necessary foundation and logical starting point for basin collaborative governance. Yellow River Conservancy Commission and the nine provinces (regions) in the Yellow River Basin can, in accordance with higher-level laws and relevant policies such as the Yellow River Protection Law, promptly introduce operational norms applicable to the basin and region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, with the advantages of water saving, high efficiency and low cost, the self-suction dredging pipeline has gradually become one of the main measures for reservoir dredging projects. However, when the soil particles are fine and the silt has been deposited for a long time, its dredging effect decreases obviously. In order to explore the mechanism of breaking soil and influencing factors of sediment incipience, model test method was adopted in this paper. A cohesive sediment sample was prepared by negative pressure consolidation, and then the vertical submerged jet experiment with different jet velocity, jet spray nozzle size and jet target distance was carried out. The experimental results show that the erosion breaking mechanism of the cohesive soil sample is quite different from that of the non-cohesive soil due to the existence of viscosity. The development process of the scour hole has certain randomness and self-similarity. The erosion efficiency of the jet flow is proportional to the jet velocity and the Jet spray nozzle size, and inversely proportional to the jet standoff distance. At the same time, the jet target distance has the most obvious influence to the shape of scour holes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the fact that there are many majors in water conservancy and hydropower engineering, the difference of modeling tools will lead to the difficulty of data transfer and even data loss when professional collaboration or phased results are transferred. This paper innovatively proposed to extend the original IFC (Industry Foundation Class) data structure on demand, established the extended data structure method of digital twin water conservancy and hydropower engineering, and formed the extended IFC expression method of water conservancy and hydropower engineering for semantic expression, geometric expression and attribute set expression, so as to provide standardized storage space for the easily lost data in water conservancy and hydropower engineering. On this basis, based on Autodesk Revit software, with the help of Revit IFC Exporter open source toolkit, the extended IFC export function including geometric information and attribute information was developed, and the dam structure was extended and exported, which verified the operability of the extended data structure establishment method. Finally, through the data transfer case, it is proved that the method can effectively ensure that the engineering information is not lost during the transfer process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the incongruity issue（in the time dimension） of water supply and demand of Hongsibu water pumping system. Taking the water demand process line and the design flow line of pumping station as the comparison object, this paper analyzed the difference between the demand flow and the design flow of pumping station caused by factors such as the irrigation area, the proportion of efficient water-saving area and irrigation quota（fixed value） at different time periods in the pumping irrigation area, and built the optimization regulation model of water supply flow and irrigation demand flow of pumping station in the multi-stage pumping system of Hongshibu. Based on the water demand process line multi-stage pumping station water supply and demand optimization scheduling model, including flow balance model, water demand process line model and flow regulation model, the simulation analysis of four working conditions in Hongshibu irrigation area show that when the high-efficiency water-saving area accounts for 60%, as the irrigation area increases from 6.02×104 hm² to 6.77×104 hm², the regulated flow in the controlled irrigation area of Hongsan Pumping Station gradually increases, that is, the regulated storage capacity increases from 1.47 ×106 m³ to 8.49×106 m³, while the regulated storage scale of the other three pumping stations basically remains unchanged. When the high-efficiency water-saving area accounts for 80%, there is basically no need for regulation and storage at Hongyi Pumping Station and Hongsan Pumping Station, while the regulated flow at Hongsi Pumping Station and Hongwu Pumping Station maintains a constant value, and the regulation and storage scales are 3.08×106 m³ and 0.47 ×106 m³ respectively. The water supply and demand optimization scheduling model of multi-stage pumping station based on water demand process line is simple to build and apply. The model can better reflect the water distribution relationship between the construction of multi-stage pumping station and the branch lines of pumping station, and the adjustment period and allocation flow are flexible, which can be suitable for the water supply system of multi-stage pumping station with different storage demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to provide scientific and technological support for the implementation of major national strategies for ecological protection and high-quality development and rural revitalization in the Yellow River Basin, this paper systematically summarized the research results, key technologies and typical models of the coordinated development of ecological governance and ecological economy in the Yellow River Basin over the years, analyzed the current existing and outstanding issues, and put forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions. Over the years, various regions in the Yellow River Basin have explored a variety of coordinated development models of ecological governance and ecological economy for serious soil erosion. It includes the comprehensive ecological and economic management model with high adaptability of soil and water conservation-geomorphology-ecological economy, the ecological agriculture economic model of soil and water conservation, the integrated development model of soil and water conservation and ecological economy in wind-sand area, the coordinated development model of ecological management and derivative industries in Pisha sandstone area, the virtuous cycle model of rural energy ecology in semi-arid areas, and the governance model of ecological and economic belt of soil and water conservation in the Loess Plateau. At present, the existing outstanding issues include the concept of coordinated development of ecological governance and ecological economy is weak, the synergy between the two is not high, the space for coupling and coordination is unbalanced, and the development model has a single structure and low scale efficiency. The suggestions: To innovate the theory and key technologies of coordinated development of ecological governance and ecological economy; To establish a diversified investment mechanism, create a new model of coordinated development of ecological governance and economy and its production and industrial system with the goal of high-quality development, and explore the promotion mechanism and model of “full trust and full chain”; To build an appropriate technical system, industrial system, management system and talent support system; To establish a pilot demonstration county for the coordinated development of ecological governance and ecological economy, lead and optimize the coordinated development of regional modern ecological governance and economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the vertical pipe test data of riverbed sediment in the downstream section of the main stream of Hotan River, the paper carried out the application and evaluation of different vertical pipe test parameter calculation methods. The HTST01 test point was selected for vertical permeability test, and the HTST02 test point was selected for horizontal and vertical permeability tests, respectively. The rationality of the permeability coefficient value obtained by the traditional calculation method and the difference between its calculation results and the linear graphical method were analyzed. The results indicate that: the array of permeability coefficients obtained by traditional calculation methods approximately follows a non-standard normal distribution with certain skewness and kurtosis, all of which have moderate variability. The use of arithmetic mean values for parameter values has certain rationality and applicability. When using random calculation values, the error size of parameter values has contingency and uncertainty. The straight line graphical method can effectively avoid the generation of random errors, but the calculation results obtained by it differ from the arithmetic mean of traditional calculation methods to some extent. The average relative error value is 10.59%, and the maximum relative error value exceeds 27.00%. In the application process of vertical pipe tests, the influence of the rationality of parameter values obtained by calculation methods should not be ignored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to evaluate the sustainable utilization level of water resources in the nine provinces (autonomous regions) of the Yellow River Basin, improve the status of water resources and realize the sustainable utilization of regional water resources, this paper proposed a comprehensive evaluation index of sustainable utilization of water resources suitable for the nine provinces (autonomous regions) of the Yellow River Basin based on the water footprint model. Spearman correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the driving factors of sustainable water resources utilization in the nine provinces of the Yellow River Basin. The results show that the water resources footprint of the nine provinces (autonomous regions) in the Yellow River Basin from 2010 to 2020 increases first and then decreases in a small amplitude, and the water environment footprint shows a decreasing trend, and the spatial distribution of water resources footprint and water environment footprint is very uneven. In the nine provinces (autonomous regions) of the Yellow River Basin, the level of sustainable utilization of water resources has increased to different degrees. The level of sustainable utilization of water resources in the upstream provinces (autonomous regions) is higher, while the level of sustainable utilization in the middle and downstream provinces (autonomous regions) is lower. The main driving factors of sustainable water resources use are population density, wastewater treatment rate and the proportion of secondary industry, followed by per capita water consumption and fertilizer application intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring the particle size distribution of suspended load and bed material load in river channels helps to analyze the overall sedimentation situation of river sediment and provide feedback to guide the optimization of reservoir operation. In order to systematically grasp the distribution pattern of suspended load and bed material load particle size in the lower Yellow River, this paper collected and organized the water and sediment series data from 6 key sections such as Huayuankou in the lower Yellow River. Recursive feature elimination algorithm was used for variable selection, and a prediction model for sediment particle size in the lower Yellow River was built based on different machine learning algorithms. The results show that the variable selection algorithm can effectively extract the main influencing factors in the model, and when using machine learning models to predict the sediment particle size of different sections, the overall performance is good on the test set. The R² values of suspended load and bed material load particle size prediction under each section optimization model are between 0.64 and 0.89, and 0.37 and 0.72 respectively. At the same time, when using 2020 data to further verify the predictive effect of the model, the predicted and actual values of suspended load and bed material load particle sizes R² are also up to 0.609 7 and 0.445 6 respectively, which indicates that the built model can effectively achieve the prediction of sediment particle sizes in the lower Yellow River channel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focused on analyzing the runoff characteristics of the Yellow River source area during the late-flood season, based on the data of Tangnaihe Station from 1956 to 2022 by using mathematical and statistical methods. Combined with the full-load power generation flow of Longyangxia Reservoir, the water storage capacity of Longyangxia Reservoir in the post-flood period was analyzed and discussed in different scenarios. The results show that a) the inter-annual variation of the late-flood runoff at Tangnaihai Station is significant, with uneven abundance and predominantly normal parity, accounting for 29.1% of the flood runoff. b) The average runoff volume above 1 000 m³/s during the late-flood season at the station is 896 million m³, with greater inter-annual variation. And applying with 1 000 m³/s power generation flow to meet the guarantee rate of Longyangxia Reservoir storage to the normal storage level is only 10%, and the water level at the end of the flood season cannot reach to the normal storage level of 2 600 m. Thus, it is suggested to adjust the time of entering the post-flood season according to the incoming water in the later period, optimize and adjust the annual operation scheme of Longyangxia Reservoir, and lay a foundation for efficient and reasonable utilization of the late-flood season water resources in the source area of the Yellow River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How to utilize the joint operation of reservoir groups to maximize sediment discharge efficiency is a key technical challenge in water and sediment regulation. This paper selected the joint operation of Sanmenxia and Xiaolangdi reservoirs in the period of water and sediment regulation in 2023 as the object, analyzed the water and sediment processes of the two reservoirs under different matching opportunities and matching water levels, and quantified the water and sediment regulation effect under different matching opportunities and matching water levels between the two reservoirs. Although the Sanmenxia Reservoir has a smaller water storage capacity and limited water transfer capacity, by changing the discharge time of the reservoir, the scouring effect of Xiaolangdi Reservoir is quite different. As the matching water level decreases, the amount of erosion in the reservoir area gradually increases. With the delay of the relative discharge time of Sanmenxia Reservoir, the erosion amount in the reservoir area shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to investigate the dynamic evolution and regional differences of quaternity cooperation of water resources-ecology-city-industry in the Yellow River Basin, the paper adopted the synergy model, kernel density estimation, Dagum gini coefficient and its decomposition to estimate it based on the data of 76 major prefecture-level cities in the Yellow River Basin from 2016 to 2020. The results show that the number of cities in primary, intermediate and good coordination is 30, 33 and 13 respectively. The level of synergy among cities is on the rise, but the absolute difference between cities is expanding and the relative difference is narrowing. except for Hu-Bao-E-Yu urban agglomeration, the absolute difference of the coordination degree of the other six urban agglomerations all shows an expanding trend. The internal differences between the upper and lower reaches of the Yellow River show a downward trend, while the internal differences in the middle reaches show an upward trend. The difference between the upper and middle reaches is the largest, and it shows a further expansion trend, and the difference between the upper and lower reaches is gradually narrowing. The difference in Hu-Bao-E-Yu urban agglomeration is the smallest and the difference in Guanzhong urban agglomeration is the largest. The difference between Guanzhong urban agglomeration and Shandong peninsula urban agglomeration is the smallest, and the difference between Jinzhong urban agglomeration and Shandong peninsula urban agglomeration is the largest. In the future, we should further strengthen factor coordination and regional coordination, give play to the dynamic comparative advantages of various regions, and promote the in-depth implementation of ecological protection and high-quality development strategies according to local conditions in the Yellow River Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to expedite the transition of the Yellow River Simulator into the operational phase and quickly make use of its positive role in the difficulties of water resources shortage, economic imbalance and ecological fragility in the Yellow River Basin, an intelligent calculation method system for the Yellow River Simulator had been thoroughly sorted out and implemented. Drawing upon the concept of intelligent computing, the vital importance of the Yellow River Simulator’s intelligent computing was articulated from the perspectives of data storage and preprocessing, simulation computing power, and swift responsiveness, as well as its significance in ecological conservation and management, efficient water resources utilization and disaster evaluation and mitigation. Based on the architectural framework of the Yellow River Simulator, four branches of intelligent computing methods, namely biomimetic intelligent computing, machine learning, fuzzy computing and intelligent computation were summarized in detail. Envisioning the transformative potential of intelligent computation methodologies for the Yellow River Simulator, this paper explored its huge application prospects in development planning, disaster management and resources allocation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The important feature of resettlement work is that it has a strong policy nature. Under the background of rural revitalization strategy, it is necessary to integrate resettlement work into the requirements of rural revitalization with prosperous industry, livable ecology, civilized rural style, effective governance and rich life. The two complement each other and develop at the same time. Based on the background of rural revitalization and the perspective of rural revitalization, this paper examined the particularity of the resettlement mode of Jiufengshan Pumped Storage Power Station and put forward a new resettlement mode of land acquisition and resettlement of the station of “suitable for relocation + suitable for production + suitable for beauty + suitable for living + civilization”. It is not only conducive to the completion of resettlement tasks, but also promotes the implementation of rural revitalization policy. It can be accumulated case experience for the follow-up large-scale land acquisition and resettlement of pumped storage power station construction projects in Henan Province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xinjiang, located in the arid region of the northwest, is an important agricultural province and water resources are an important guarantee and a necessary condition for the development of local agriculture. Taking Shache irrigation area of Xinjiang as an example, this paper discussed the possibility of promoting the sustainable development of agricultural economy in the irrigation area by optimizing the crop planting structure and rationally using water resources according to the “14th Five-Year Plan” for Kashgar region and the outline planning document for the long-term goals in 2035. Specifically, from the three perspectives of agricultural ecological benefits, economic benefits and irrigation water consumption, the multi-objective comprehensive optimization model was built in this research to adjust and analyze the crop planting structure in Shache irrigation area. The results show that a) the optimization of crop planting structure in the current year can increase carbon sequestration by 0.8 t, economic benefits by 584 538 800 Yuan and save 1 110 200 m³ of total agricultural irrigation water. b) After the multi-objective planning of the crop planting area in 2025 and 2035, the ecological and economic benefits will be greatly improved, the water saving effect will be remarkable and the purpose of adjusting the crop planting structure will be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cities are the spatial carriers of ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin’s nine provinces（regions). With the help of eco-efficiency, we can reveal the coordinated development of ecology and economy. In the existing studies, urban eco-efficiency is usually measured under the same external conditions, but little consideration is given to the differences of cities. By constructing a three-stage super-efficiency SBM model after excluding external environmental factors, this paper calculated the ecological efficiency of 57 cities in nine provinces（regions） of the Yellow River Basin from 2010 to 2019, and further analyzed the spatial-temporal differentiation characteristics of urban ecological efficiency in nine provinces（regions） of the Yellow River. The results show that compared with the traditional super-efficiency SBM model, the three-stage super-efficiency SBM model is more reasonable. After excluding the influence of environmental variables such as income level, industrial structure, environmental policy and foreign direct investment, the urban eco-efficiency of nine provinces（regions） in the Yellow River Basin decreases slightly. In terms of time evolution characteristics, the eco-efficiency value of most cities in the nine provinces（regions） of the Yellow River Basin shows a fluctuating downward trend, and the eco-efficiency of cities in the upper reaches decreases significantly. In terms of spatial distribution characteristics, most cities in the nine provinces（regions） of the Yellow River Basin are concentrated in low eco-efficiency areas, showing an alternating spatial distribution trend of “low-high-low-high” from west to east. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interaction between water resources utilization and urban development in urban agglomerations in the Yellow River Basin is the key to the high-quality development of urban agglomerations in the basin. There is an urgent need to explore the coupling and coordination relationship between the two under the sustainable development goals, and provide new ideas for exploring the collaborative mechanism of ecological protection and high-quality development of urban agglomerations in the Yellow River Basin. Taking 72 cities and five urban agglomerations in the Yellow River Basin as examples, this paper established an analysis framework for the coupling of water footprint and city development index in 2010-2019 according to the sustainable development goal proposed by the United Nations and the difference of water resources utilization. The Theil variation index method was used to evaluate the spatial differences in coupling coordination results. The results show that the water footprint is decreasing year by year and the city development index is increasing year by year. The coupling relationship between water footprint and city development index is in an unstable state of “rising-falling-rising”. The difference in the level of urban water resources utilization within the urban agglomeration is the main reason for the difference in the level of development, and there are significant differences in the coordination relationship between water resources utilization and urban development in different urban agglomeration development stages. It suggested to build a trans-regional water resources co-governance system, give full play to the regulatory role of public water resources policies in urban agglomerations, and systematically plan the safety pattern of aquatic environment protection and water resources development and utilization among urban agglomerations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are great distances between the embankments from Baihezhen to Taochengpu in the Yellow River where historically erosion and deposition of the channel had been changed rapidly and the river is in the wandering and varying regime. After years of improvement, the river regime has been basically controlled on the whole and the channel has gradually become stabilized. Under these conditions, in order to promote the ecological protection of the Yellow River and the development of floodplain areas, upgrade the level of river management, the river was simply divided into channel and floodplain. This paper proposed the concept of channel alignment for the first time, provided the definition and the principle of alignment setting, emphasized that establishing the channel alignment should take the safety of flood control as the premise, explained setting methods and on-site marking methods and also analyzed the functions of channel alignment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing carbon productivity is an effective means to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality. To coordinate the relationship between economic growth and carbon emissions reduction in the Yellow River Basin, the carbon productivity of 9 provinces（regions） in the Yellow River Basin from 2007 to 2017 is calculated. Based on DEA-Malmquist’s total factor carbon productivity model, the spatiotemporal evolution trajectory and spatial distribution pattern of total factor carbon productivity of 9 provinces（regions） is deduced. The potential improvement space of total factor carbon productivity is scientifically decomposed and the influencing factors of the spatiotemporal evolution of carbon productivity is identified. Based on this, the improvement path of carbon productivity in the Yellow River Basin is condensed. The results show that, 1) in the time dimension, the carbon productivity of 9 provinces（regions） rise steadily with the growth of per capita GDP,an increase of 283.3%, while the total factor carbon productivity remains at around 1.000. 2) In the spatial dimension, the regional heterogeneity of carbon productivity and total factor carbon productivity is relatively large affected by economic development and resource endowments, showing a spatial evolution pattern of “downstream significantly higher than midstream, and midstream slightly higher than upstream”. 3) From the point of influencing factors, the midstream and upstream belong to technical efficiency-driven, the role of technological progress is weak, while the downstream is a co-promotion type of technological progress and technological efficiency. Based on this, this paper proposes strategic suggestions such as innovating institutional mechanisms, promoting low-carbon development models, focusing on lowcarbon technology innovation, accelerating energy structure adjustment, strengthening regional integration cooperation, and improving factor allocation efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to clarify the current situation of digital economy and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin, explore the coupling coordination and interaction between these two aspects and provide a reference for implementing ecological protection and high-quality development strategies in the Yellow River Basin, the interactive mechanism between digital economy and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin was analyzed theoretically. Based on the panel data 2011 to 2020, a total of 64 prefecture-level cities in the Yellow River Basin were selected. This paper measured the development level of the digital economy and high-quality development level, empirically examined the coupling coordination relationship between these two dimensions by using coupling coordination degree model and explored the interactive relationship between the two through a PVAR model. The results of the study show that a) the development level of the digital economy in the Yellow River Basin has shown improvement during the research period, however, it remains generally lower with significant regional differences, which forms a circle distribution pattern with Jinan, Zhengzhou, Xi’an, Taiyuan and Hohhot as the core cities, and has the spatial distribution characteristics of high in the east and low in the west. b) The imbalance of high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin is prominent, characterized by the polarization and a distinct circle structure. This has resulted in the formation of a high-value area with Jinan, Zhengzhou, Taiyuan, Xi’an, Lanzhou and other provincial capitals as the core cities. c) The coupling coordination degree between the digital economy and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin has been increasing annually, but the overall coordination level remains insufficient. The current implementation only achieves the transition from the mild imbalance to near imbalance levels, and the coordination degree also illustrates a pattern of lower reaches＞middle reaches＞upper reaches. d) Both the digital economy and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin are characterized by self-reliance. High-quality development plays a significant role in promoting the digital economy, while the role of the digital economy in enhancing high-quality development needs to be reinforced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xiaolangdi Reservoir is the key project of flood control and security in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, and the sediment retention period of the reservoir is the most significant period for flood control and sediment reduction benefits. This paper analyzed the new requirements for flood control and security of Xiaolangdi Reservoir under the new situation of the lower reaches of the Yellow River, and pointed out that it was of great strategic significance to extend the sediment retention period of Xiaolangdi Reservoir as much as possible, so as to maintain the effective storage capacity of the reservoir as long as possible, especially the flood control storage capacity. The research shows that the larger reservoir capacity has a strong ability to deal with large floods, which is conducive to the prevention of “black swan” events; after the flood control operation of the reservoir, the loss of the beach storage capacity is small, which is conducive to the long-term maintenance of the reservoir’s strong flood control capacity; the combination of sediment storage capacity and water and sediment regulation capacity can significantly enhance the vitality of water and sediment regulation, and create storage conditions for the Guxian Reservoir to exert the overall joint force of the water and sediment regulation system after putting into operation; the use of the sediment storage capacity for flood control in the downstream beach area is conducive to improving the flood control standard of the beach area and reducing the loss of the beach area in the normal flooding. Optimizing the operation mode of reservoir operation, implementing reservoir dredging and building Guxian Water Control Project as soon as possible are important measures to extend the sediment retention period of Xiaolangdi Reservoir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is of great theoretical significance and application value for the sustainable operation of water diversion project to clarify the relationship among stakeholders of sustainable supply chain of water diversion project. Through literature research and field investigation, this paper took the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project as an example, based on the stakeholder theory, and used the Mitchell scoring method to identify and quantitatively rank the stakeholders of the sustainable supply chain of the water diversion project. The research results show that the sequence of stakeholders is as follows: Government, key related enterprises of water diversion projects, individual water users, and other related enterprises of water diversion projects; At the same time, the rationality of the comprehensive ranking results of the stakeholders in the sustainable supply chain of the water transfer project was analyzed based on the results of the questionnaires. This paper presents the relationship among the stakeholders in the sustainable supply chain of the water transfer project in a quantitative form, which provides an important theoretical basis for further research on the coordination of interests among the stakeholders of the water transfer project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compaction quality evaluation is one of the key technologies of dam intelligent construction, which has an important impact on the safety and stability of dam body. However, there is no consensus on its evaluation method at present. In this paper, based on the Artash concrete face rockfill dam in Xinjiang and combined with the results of field test, the BP neural network algorithm based on genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization (GA-PSO-BP) was proposed. The accuracy and superiority of the model were proved by comparing with BP model, GA-BP model and PSO-BP model. The result shows that the GA-PSO-BP model, proposed by the paper, has faster convergence speed and better performance. And, the BP neural network compaction quality evaluation model, based on GA-PSO hybrid optimization, has relatively higher accuracy, which can be used to evaluate the compaction quality of Xinjiang Artash concrete face rockfill dam under similar working conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Landslide and debris flow are common geo-hazards in mountainous areas, which are characterized by sudden occurrence and serious damage. The study of its occurrence mechanism is the premise of early prevention and warning. Based on the existing research progress, this paper analyzed the physical picture of the formation and dynamics of excess pore water pressure and its influence to the initiation and evolution of landslide and debris flow. The paper also discussed the possibility and main difficulties that currently existed on predicting the initiation of landslide and debris flow by using the dynamic change of pore water pressure. Many research results show that the generation and maintenance of slope pore water pressure, especially excess pore water pressure, is closely related to landslide triggered by unstable slope, land-slide liquefaction and debris flow propagation process. The outburst process of landslide triggered by unstable slope and the soil-mechanical debris flow is usually accompanied by the rapid change of pore water pressure. The generation of excess pore water pressure is the result of soil deformation, that is dislocation of soil particles, rather than a cause, while the generation of excess pore water pressure will further pro-mote slope instability. The key to the formation of excess pore water pressure is the relative rate of pore volume change and pore water pressure dissipation. The pore volume change is mainly affected by soil deformation and the pore water pressure dissipation is mainly affected by particle size distribution and fine particle content. At present, the research on the relationship between pore water pressure and excess pore water pressure and the initiation and evolution of landslide and debris flow have made many achievements. But it is still difficult to predict the initiation of landslide and debris flow on the basis of pore water pressure. The main difficulty is that it is not easy to effectively monitor and timely predict the dynamics of natural slope pore water pressure, which is an important content worthy of further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aggregation and dispersion of raindrops by canopy affect the mass and kinetic energy of raindrops under the forest. A new parameter “raindrop convergence rate” was defined in this paper to describe the raindrop convergence capacity of the forest canopy. By quantifying how many small raindrops outside the forest converge into one large raindrop inside the forest, the canopy’s effect on raindrop convergence was studied under the conditions of rainfall intensity and rainfall. The main research results are as follows: a) The proportion of total rainfall in Robinia pseudoacacin forest is the highest, followed by canopy interception, and the proportion of stem flow is the lowest. b) The contribution rate of small diameter raindrop (＜1 mm) to rainfall intensity inside and outside the forest is always the highest, while that of large diameter raindrop (＞3 mm) is always the lowest. c) The raindrop convergence rate curve shows a unimodal trend under different rainfall intensification conditions, and a bimodal trend under different rainfall conditions. When the rain intensity is 2.20 mm/h, the convergence rate of raindrop is 9, that is, 9 small raindrops outside the forest are transformed into 1 large raindrop inside the forest. It can be seen that the canopy of Robinia pseudoacacin in Beijing mountain area mainly plays an aggregation role in raindrops, and its aggregation capacity presents a unimodal curve with rainfall intensity and a bimodal curve with rainfall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the influencing factors and reasonable parameters of the calibration test for measuring soil density and moisture content and by using the complex impedance method, this paper adopted a combination of indoor experiments and on-site verification methods for research. By configuring multiple sets of soil samples with dry density and mass moisture content, and selecting different numbers of samples and sample combinations, a calibration relationship between dry density, complex impedance, volume moisture content, and capacitance resistance ratio of soil samples was built. The experimental results indicate that selecting a reasonable range of soil sample dry density and mass moisture content, as well as the number of samples, can significantly improve the fitting degree of the calibration relationship, while the sample combination method has a relatively smaller impact. In addition, the calibration relationship obtained based on the above experiments has been applied to engineering field testing with good accuracy, verifying the rationality of the above parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the land use data of phase 4 of Qinghai Province from 1990 to 2020, the paper built a “production-living-ecological” space classification system and explored the spatial-temporal evolution and influencing factors of the “production-living-ecological” spatial pattern in Qinghai Province. The results show that from 1990 to 2020, all spatial types in Qinghai Province have different degrees of mutual transformation, from 2010 to 2020, the overall performance is characterized by a shift from potential space to production ecological space and ecological space, as well as the mutual transfer between production ecological space and ecological space, elevation and slope have greater influence to the spatial type distribution. As of the year of 2020, the proportion of production ecological space area in Qinghai Province is the highest, with an area of 408 011.90 km² and the production-living space area is 1 769.47 km². The trend of fragmentation and complexity of the spatial landscape pattern of the “production-living-ecological” in Qinghai Province has slowed down over the past 30 years, with a decrease in heterogeneity and an increase in connectivity. Economic scale, urbanization level, transportation conditions and carbon emission intensity are the main influencing factors of the spatial pattern of the “production-living-ecological” in Qinghai Province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the Landsat satellite images and social statistical data in 2000 and 2020, this paper quantitatively analyzed the temporal and spatial evolution and comparative advantages of the “production-living-ecological” functions in Liaoning Province by using land transfer matrix, functional values and comparative advantages of the “production-living-ecological” functions, and put forward some policy suggestions. The results show that: the land use of Liaoning Province is mainly woodland, agriculture, rural area and water area, accounting for 42.83%, 41.00%, 5.21% and 3.42% of the total area. The production function is high in the middle and low in the east and west, and the production function value ranges from 0.01 to 0.21. The living function is distributed from east to west, and the living function value is decreased from the plain to the surrounding mountains. There is a significant correlation between ecological function and landform, with ecological function values ranging from 0.01 to 0.65. The central Liaoning Plain and Dalian have comparative advantages in production function. The central Liaoning Plain and Dalian have comparative advantages in living function, and the eastern and western Liaoning have comparative advantages in ecological function. It is suggested to design a policy framework for coordinating the functions of “production-living-ecological”, and improve the mechanism of ecological and environmental protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to find out the variation law of total dissolved solids (TDS) in groundwater in different buried depth areas, this paper took the People’s Victory Canal Irrigation Area as the research area, and divided into high value area, transition area and low value area according to TDS value, the optimal Copula function was selected by AIC criterion, the optimal Copula function was used to build the joint distribution between groundwater depth and TDS in different regions and analyze the relationship between the two. The results show that there is a strong positive correlation between groundwater depth and TDS in different regions, the optimal edge distribution of groundwater depth and TDS in the high value area is Gamma distribution, the optimal edge distribution of groundwater depth in transition area and low value area is Weibull distribution, and the optimal edge distribution of TDS is Gamma distribution. The optimal joint distribution function of the burial depth of each typical observation well and TDS is the Frank Copula function. According to the joint probability contour, when the groundwater depth and TDS increase, the joint probability value also increases; When the joint probability value is constant, TDS decreases with the increase of groundwater depth and tends to be stable; The joint probability contour can also reflect the probability of TDS under any groundwater depth, and the possible combination between different groundwater depths and TDS under the same probability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In orderto effectively optimize the allocation of water resources and maximize the overall benefits of the Zhaokou Yellow River Irrigation Area Phase II, this paper established a bi-level multi-objective model for water resources optimization allocation and scheduling modelling. This model employed genetic algorithms to optimize canal water scheduling schemes and the allocation volumes for six water users, including residential livestock, agriculture, secondary industry, tertiary industry, environmental sanitation and greening, as well as river and lake ecosystems under designed frequencies of 50%, 75%,95% in the planning year of 2030. Findings reveal that, at different designed frequencies, the optimal water allocation scheme successfully satisfies the fundamental needs of the diverse water users within the irrigation area. It also ensures adequate water supply for residential livestock, secondary and tertiary industries. Additionally, the agricultural sector maintains a supply-demand ratio exceeding 0.76. Under the different designed frequencies, the proportion of water diverted from the Yellow River by each canal in the irrigation area is 46.61%, 42.28%, and 48.58%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a vehicle load-bearing substrate, the frame carries the main load in its various processes such as loading, transportation, and unloading, and the quality of the frame has a direct impact on the service life of the whole vehicle. Therefore, the frame must have enough stiffness to ensure that the relative position between the components remains unchanged in the bagging machine driving process, and minimize the deformation of the body. At the same time, the frame should also have enough strength to ensure its reliability and service life. The paper used the finite element analysis method to analyze the frame force, mainly on the frame in the static bending and torsion conditions, and the dynamic modal analysis of the frame, calibrate the frame and calculate the stiffness and strength of the frame. Finally, it established a multi-objective optimization mathematical model of the flood control and rescue bagging machine and optimized its design to ensure that the machine had the best efficiency and performance while meeting the use requirements. Through the optimization design, the mass of the frame can be effectively reduced under the premise of ensuring that the strength and stiffness of the frame meet the requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to reduce the impact and loss of mountain torrents and debris flows caused by sudden rainstorm in mountainous and valley areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, based on the disaster system theory, the causes of Datong August 17 Mountain Flood Disaster were analyzed from three dimensions of disaster causing factors, disaster bearing bodies and hazard-inducing environment. The results indicate that: a) From the perspective of disaster causing factors, the disaster is caused by two consecutive extreme precipitation events on the day of the disaster and before the third day. In the early stage, the extreme precipitation causes the surface soil to absorb a certain amount of water, making it easy for the extreme precipitation on that day to form excessive seepage and flow, and quickly converging on the surface to cause the disaster; b) From the perspective of disaster bearers, when a disaster occurs, various types of disaster bearers such as population, buildings, livestock, and farmland are highly concentrated at the flood discharge outlet of the river. Brick concrete structures and simple sheds have limited capacity to withstand mountain floods and mudslides. At the same time, the cultivated land in the disaster area is widely distributed in the wide valleys downstream of rivers. When mountain floods carry a large amount of sediment to the downstream, they cause flooding, causing over 90% of the cultivated land to suffer from disasters and have no harvest; c) In terms of natural hazard-inducing environment, the “air resistance effect” of loess and the steep slope of V-shaped river valleys jointly cause rapid surface water convergence to form mountain torrents. The confluence of multiple tributaries in the upstream of the river causes a sudden increase in the flow of mountain torrents, and the gravitational potential energy generated by the high slope of the river along the way provides sufficient power for the migration of mountain torrents. Therefore, rare mountain torrents with fast convergence speed, large flood discharge, and strong migration impact have been formed locally. In terms of the social hazard-inducing environment, the main issue is the unreasonable location selection of production and living places, which increases the avoidable disaster losses. Based on the above content, this paper proposes the prevention and emergency response of mountain flood disasters in the valley area of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin are significant national strategies. The “Yellow River Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China” provides legal guarantees for comprehensive management at the basin level, high-level protection of the Yellow River, high-quality development, and the building of a “Happy River” benefiting the people. The legislative basis of the “Yellow River Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China” includes legislation at the national, local, and basin levels. It addresses the issues of unclear jurisdiction of Yellow River Basin management institutions and the lack of uniformity and coordination among provincial regulations. The paper proposed recommendations for the prompt building of a legal framework system based on the “Yellow River Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China” and the timely promotion and evaluation of the legislation and its implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heishanxia Key Water Control Project is given a new and higher positioning in the new era. As the center and main power source of multi energy complementary clean energy base, it will give full play to the capacity role of hydropower, meet the peak shaving and new energy consumption needs of the power system better, and assist in achieving the goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality. This paper studied the optimization and adjustment of the installed scale of Heishanxia Key Water Control Project, analyzed the boundary conditions that the development of Heishanxia section was restricted by the regional comprehensive demand, calculated the output and peak shaving indexes of the hydropower station in each frequency year, proposed several adjustment schemes of the installed scale and made a comparative analysis. According to the research, Heishanxia Hydropower Station has the best power generation and peak shaving indicators in wet years, low average output and small adjustable output in dry years. Its peak shaving capacity is restricted by the power generation in dry years. It is more appropriate to increase the installed capacity of the station from 2 million kW to 2.4 million kW in each installed scale adjustment scheme. After the installed capacity is increased, the power generation will increase by 310 million kWh, and the guaranteed output will increase by 400 kW, the average adjustable output in dry years increases by 8 000 kW and 13 000 kW in the whole year and non ice flood season respectively, and the maximum peak shaving capacity increases by 233 000 kw and 400 000 kW in the whole year and non ice flood season respectively, which can bring better power generation benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most hydraulic engineering works have a wide construction scope and on-site construction supervision is difficult. The supervision of hydraulic engineering construction is more important for the efficient implementation of engineering projects. Based on the data collected through the survey of Ningxia hydraulic projects construction, this paper had proposed and verified the influence factor model on performance of hydraulic project construction supervision. The results show that all the three factors of supervisors' capability, bidding system and information management are significantly correlated with project construction supervision performance. Supervisors' capability has the strongest impact on construction supervision performance, followed with bidding system and information management. The above findings indicate that strengthening the construction of supervision capacity is critical to improve the performance of supervision work, and at the same time, improving bidding system for selecting competent supervisors and enhancing information management for improving supervision efficiency should be emphasized. Specific measures to improve hydraulic project construction supervision include: a) improving bidding system for selecting competent supervisors; b) establishing a supervision performance evaluation system to promote the supervisors' capability; c) setting up construction supervision incentives; d) applying advanced information, digital and smart management tools to project construction supervision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil moisture is affected by the multi-scale of the surface. However, it is difficult to eliminate multiple confounding by simply using the traditional remote sensing inversion model effectively. In this paper, taking the vegetation coverage area of Dongying City in Shandong Province as an example, based on the optical remote sensing and Synthetic Aperture Radar（SAR) data, the Vegetation Water Content（VWC) in the water cloud model was modified by calculating the vegetation spectral index. The modified water cloud model was coupled with the Advanced Integral Equation Model（AIEM), so the effects of vegetation water content and soil roughness on the soil moisture retrieval results were eliminated, as well achieved the goal of improving the accuracy of soil moisture inversion by using remote sensing models. The results show that after modifying the VWC of water cloud model described by the Simple Ratio index（SR) quadratic function, the accuracy of soil moisture content inversion has the highest precision by coupling with the AIEM model, the correlation coefficient is more than 0.5, and the root mean square error（RMSE) of fitting with the measured data is less than 2.290. Moreover, the spatial distribution of soil moisture shows a continuous pattern of the highest in the northwest and gradually decreasing towards the south, further indicating that the coupled model has high accuracy and applicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to accurately evaluate the amount of groundwater resources in confined overflow aquifers, it is a key issue to explore a simple and accurate method for calculating hydrogeological parameters. Based on the pumping test data of unsteady flow over-flow confined aquifer in Balizhuang water source exploration project of Qingfeng County, this paper used Aquifer Test software to calculate the hydrogeological parameters of confined aquifer according to the unsteady well flow theory of over-flow confined aquifer, and the calculation results were compared and analyzed by numerical simulation method. The results show that the calculation of hydrogeological parameters by Aquifer Test software is simple and fast, and the calculation results are in line with the actual situation of hydrogeology, which provides a more accurate calculation method for the reasonable selection of hydrogeological parameters of overflow confined aquifer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to facilitate the efficient utilization of water resources and the high-quality development of economy and society in the national central cities of the Yellow River Basin, this paper analyzed the water resources utilization efficiency, annual changes and influencing factors of Zhengzhou and Xi’an, the national central cities of the Yellow River basin, in terms of water resources utilization, social economy and ecological environment, based on the super efficiency SBM model, DEA Malmquist index and Tobit regression model. The results show that: a) In 2005-2020, Zhengzhou and Xi’an have moderate water resources utilization efficiency. In terms of water resources utilization and socio-economic sub-systems, the efficiency of water resources utilization of Zhengzhou is higher than that of Xi’an; In terms of ecological environment, the water resources utilization efficiency of Xi’an is higher than that of Zhengzhou; The comprehensive water resources utilization efficiency of Zhengzhou is higher than that of Xi’an. b) The total factor productivity of water resources utilization in Zhengzhou City is in an overall rising state in three sub-systems, Xi’an City is in an overall rising state in social and economic sub-systems of water resources utilization, and is in a declining state in water resources utilization and ecological environment. c) Economic development level is positively correlated with water resources utilization efficiency. The correlation between industrial structure, scientific and technological innovation level and water resources utilization efficiency is not significant. There is a negative correlation between water resources endowment and water resources utilization efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to scientifically analyze the current situation and development trend of water resources conservation and intensive utilization in irrigation areas, taking the People’s Victory Canal irrigation area in the Yellow River Basin as an example, this paper used the TOPSIS evaluation method combining with Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and entropy method to evaluate the water resources conservation and intensive utilization, which was divided into four subsystems of agricultural water use, domestic water use, ecological water use, and industrial water use. A comprehensive evaluation of water resources conservation and intensive utilization was conducted, and obstacle factors were identified. The results show that the overall level of water resources conservation and intensive utilization in the People’s Victory Canal Irrigation Area is “medium”, and shows an upward trend. The closeness of water resources conservation and intensive utilization in Yuanyang County, Yanjin County, Weihui City, and Xinxiang County is relatively higher. Agricultural water consumption rate, popularization rate of water-saving irrigation equipment, per capita grain yield, and other agricultural water use indicators are the main obstacles to water resources conservation and intensive utilization in the irrigation area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the influence of heavy rainfall on July 20, the large flood discharge of Changzhuang Reservoir has a significant impact on downstream flood control risk, especially the safe flood discharge in the inverted siphon section of Jiayu River in the downstream is directly related to the safety operation of the main cannel of the Middle Route of the South to North Water Transfer Project. In this paper, firstly, the process of flood inflow and flood discharge caused by heavy rainfall on July 20 was calculated through reservoir operation records, and the flood discharge and inundation information was obtained by integrating multi-source image data during flood discharge. Then, the terrain data of the downstream analysis area of the reservoir was obtained based on UAV aerial photography and motion recovery structure technology, and the inundation of the downstream of the reservoir during the heavy rainfall on July 20 was inversely analyzed with the aid of two-dimensional hydrodynamic model. By simulating and analyzing the characteristic data of the submerged depth, duration and submerged velocity at the inverted siphon of Jiayu River, the safety of the inverted siphon of Jiayu River during the heavy rainfall on July 20 was studied and analyzed, and the flood risk caused by the flood discharge of Changzhuang Reservoir was comprehensively assessed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to provide reference for the green, low-carbon and high-quality development of agriculture in the yellow river basin, this paper uses the carbon emission coefficient method to calculate the agricultural carbon emissions of nine provinces（autonomous regions）in the yellow river basin from 2010 to 2020 on the basis of considering the matching factors of water and soil. kaya identity and lmdi decomposition model were used to decompose the contribution of each influencing factor to the change of agricultural carbon emissions in the yellow river basin, the results showed that:a)The agricultural water-soil matching degree in the yellow river basin showed a fluctuating upward trend from 2010 to 2020, and its spatial and temporal differences were large;b)The agricultural carbon emissions in the yellow river basin showed an increasing trend from 2010 to 2017, and decreased significantly from 2018 to 2020, There are great differences in agricultural carbon emissions among provinces（autonomous regions); c) From the perspective of the basin as a whole, the main driving factor of agricultural carbon emissions is the economic output of agricultural water resources, and the main inhibiting factor is the intensity of agricultural carbon emissions. the main driving factor and the main inhibiting factor of agricultural carbon emissions are different in each province（autonomous region); d) The use of water and soil resources is closely related to agricultural carbon emissions, the effects of agricultural water-soil matching degree and agricultural water resources economic output on agricultural carbon emissions are positive and negative in different years and provinces, and the reasons need to be further studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore an effective way to improve the coupling and coordination between ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin, build a high-quality development evaluation index system including five dimensions of innovative development, coordinated development, green development, open development and shared development, and an ecological evaluation index system including three dimensions of ecological environment resources, ecological environment carrying capacity and ecological environment management and based on panel data from nine provinces (regions) in the Yellow River Basin from 2002 to 2021, the entropy-weighted TOPSIS method was used to calculate the high-quality development index and ecological protection index. Then it calculated the coupling coordination degree and the decoupling index of the two and analyzed the coupling coordination level, decoupling state and its temporal and spatial changes. The results show that a) from 2002 to 2021, the level of ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin has been improved and the trend of change is steadily improving. However, the issues of uneven high-quality development in the western region lagging behind the eastern region, the larger differences in ecological protection among the provinces (regions) and the fragile ecological environment have not been fundamentally changed. b) The coupling coordination degree between ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin fluctuated significantly before 2010 and the coupling coordination level was basically imbalanced. After 2010, the coupling coordination degree has been steadily improved, and the coupling coordination level is gradually shifted from primary coordination to good coordination and high-quality coordination. However, there are significant differences in the coupling coordination degree and coupling coordination level among different provinces (regions) . c) The decoupling state between ecological protection and high-quality development in the nine provinces (regions) of the Yellow River Basin from 2002 to 2021, in a few years, it is an expansion connection or weak decoupling, and most years experiencing unsatisfactory strong decoupling, strong negative decoupling, weak negative decoupling or declining coupling. At the end of the research period, most provinces (regions) experience a decline in high-quality development level accompanied by a strong negative decoupling state of improved ecological environment. This paper puts forward the path to enhance the coupling coordination between ecological environment protection and high-quality development of strengthening the flow of industrial development factors, accelerating industrial transformation and upgrading, and promoting the development of digital economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to provide reference for the formulation of relevant policies for the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin, this paper started from the perspective of the dual coupling of ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin to build separate evaluation indicator systems for development quality and ecological protection. Then, it calculated the development quality index and ecological protection index of each province (autonomous region) in the year 2020 by using entropy method. It built a two-dimensional quadrant model of ecological protection and development quality with the national average development quality index and ecological protection index as the coordinate origin. Based on the distribution of each province (autonomous region) in the two-dimensional quadrants, it determined the coordination status of ecological protection and high-quality development. The results show that there is significant variation in ecological protection and development quality among provinces (autonomous regions) in the Yellow River Basin, with prominent issues of imbalance and inadequacy. Using the national average development quality index and ecological protection index as benchmarks, considering a development quality index higher than the national average as high quality and an ecological protection index higher than the national average as good ecological quality, the coordination status of ecological protection and high-quality development in the various provinces (autonomous regions) of the Yellow River Basin is classified into four types of excellent ecology-high quality, excellent ecology-low quality, low ecology-low quality and low ecology-high quality. The results show that only Sichuan is in a relatively ideal state of excellent ecology-high quality, while the other provinces (autonomous regions) are in the three types of non-coordinated states of excellent ecology-low quality, low ecology-low quality and low ecology-high quality. Finally, it proposes the establishment of a long-term mechanism for the coordinated advancement of ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin, focusing on the six aspects of top-level strategic design, inter-provincial (autonomous regional) collaborative control, public participation, rigid constraints on ecological protection, constraints on rights, responsibilities and interests and ecological compensation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The stability of the arch dam shoulder is an important element in the analysis of the safety and stability of arch dams. The classical calculation method of arch dam shoulder slip resistance needs to assume the bottom sliding surface of the dam shoulder slider and ignore the influence of the fault and fracture joint group in the rock body of the dam shoulder on its shoulder slip resistance stability. In order to take into account the influence of faults and fracture joint groups to the rock mass, this paper used genetic algorithm to search for the critical sliding surface of the dam shoulder anti-slip based on the time course analysis method and analyzed the change of vibration intensity anywhere on the critical sliding surface of the dam shoulder slider. The slip resistance of the concrete arch dam shoulder was investigated in terms of sensitivity to shear strength parameters and ground vibration. The study result shows that the friction coefficient of the structural surface has less influence to the slip resistance stability of the dam shoulder, while the slip resistance stability performance of the dam shoulder is most sensitive to the cohesive force on the rock bridge, and the influence of cohesive force to the slip resistance stability performance is stronger than that of the friction coefficient, and the influence of ground vibration to the slip resistance stability performance of the arch dam shoulder is weaker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The stability of high slope of hydropower station is one of the key geological issues that need to be paid attention to in the process of engineering construction. The stability analysis is more complicated due to the influence of structural plane type, occurrence and scale. In this paper, the right bank slope of a large hydropower station was taken as the research object. According to the characteristics and position of the internal structural plane, the possible block combinations of each structural plane were analyzed, and the slope stability was preliminarily judged. According to the specification requirements, the limit equilibrium analysis was calculated through Rocscience software, the strength reduction was further introduced into the discrete element method to verify the calculation results of the limit equilibrium method, and the dangerous sliding surface was given. The results show that the sliding blocks of some sections are slightly thinner, and the slope is in a stable state, but on the whole, reinforcement measures need to be taken. It is suggested that dynamic design should be carried out according to the relevant information of geological conditions and safety monitoring feedback during excavation during construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to scientifically evaluate the building performance of sponge city and solve the issue that the evaluation method of sponge city performance is too subjective, this paper innovatively attempted to propose a new comprehensive sponge city building performance evaluation method based on data envelopment method and the principle of vector angle cosine. Firstly, the evaluation index system was built from the following six dimensions including water ecology, water environment, water resources, water security, system and implementation, and display degree. Then the weight of each index was obtained by applying the data envelopment method which could weaken the influence of the subjectivity of decision data to the weight of the index. Furthermore, the performance level of sponge city construction was obtained based on the variable of progress between the target to be evaluated and the desired target by utilizing the vector angle cosine method. Meanwhile, sensitivity analysis was conducted to effectively identify which factors were the most susceptible during the performance of sponge city building. Finally, the method was applied to the sponge city building performance evaluation of Hebi City, and the evaluation results were compared with the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, grey correlation method, analytic hierarchy process and vector included angle cosine method. The results show that the evaluation results of this method are consistent with those of other methods, and the building performance level of Hebi sponge city is level Ⅲ, which belongs to the medium level. However, the relative error of the evaluation results of this method is smaller and more close to the reality and the rationality of the model is proved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to scientifically and reasonably evaluate the carrying capacity of regional groundwater resources, this paper proposed an evaluation method of groundwater resources carrying capacity based on projection pursuit improved TOPSIS. Firstly, it determined the evaluation indexes of groundwater resources carrying capacity of 11 regions, and calculated the weight of each evaluating index by expert consultation and genetic analytic hierarchy process. Secondly, it determined 5 evaluation grade standards of each evaluation index, and then built the evaluation model of groundwater resources carrying capacity based on projection pursuit improved TOPSIS (GRCC-TPP). The GRCC-TPP model was used to evaluate the groundwater resources carrying capacity of five prefecture level cities in northern Henan in 2015. The results show that the carrying capacity of groundwater resources in Jiaozuo City is the best, which is grade Ⅱ (basically loadable); the situation of Hebi, Xinxiang and Puyang cities is grade Ⅲ (critical overload) and Anyang City is the worst, which is grade Ⅳ (overload). The evaluation results are basically consistent with the actual groundwater resources carrying capacity in northern Henan, indicating that GRCC-TPP model has good applicability in the quantitative evaluation of regional groundwater resources carrying capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to provide a basis for the policy design of digital economy enabling the building of modern industrial system in the Yellow River Basin, this paper empirically tested the impact mechanism and effect of digital economy on the building of modern industrial system in the Yellow River Basin by taking 57 prefecture-level cities in the Yellow River Basin as sample units, using the panel data from 2011 to 2019 and adopting a two-way fixed effect model of space and time. The results show that the digital economy has a significant promoting effect on the building of modern industrial system in the Yellow River Basin, and technological innovation and human capital are important intermediary transmission factors. The development of digital economy can effectively promote the building of modern industrial systems in the lower reaches of the Yellow River Basin, but its impact on the upper and middle reaches is not significant. The digital economy has a significant positive impact on the building of modern industrial systems in second-tier cities, third-tier cities and fourth-tier cities in the Yellow River Basin, but its impact on first-tier cities and fifth-tier cities is not significant. The promotion effect of digital economy on the building of modern industrial system in the Yellow River Basin has a threshold effect. When the development level of digital economy is higher than the threshold value, its promotion effect on the building of modern industrial system in the Yellow River Basin is significantly enhanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collaborative scheduling of water projects is a key means to control and manage floods in the basin, coordinate the relationship between water and sediment in the basin, reasonably allocate water resources in the basin and support ecological protection and high-quality development in the basin, which must coordinate the relationship between upstream and downstream, left and right banks, main and tributaries, and flood and non-flood periods in the basin. In this paper, we analyzed the synergy and competition of Yellow River water project regulation from five latitudes, i.e. synergy in nature, synergy in space, synergy in time, synergy in objectives and synergy in engineering, in view of the difficulties of synergy in multi-objective regulation, difficulty in sediment transport synergy of reservoir sediment discharge channel and difficulty in large-scale ecological control of the whole river. From the perspective of giving full play to the comprehensive benefits of basin water projects, this paper identified the sequential parameters and determined the thresholds for the synergistic regulation of Yellow River water projects, constructed a multi-dimensional synergistic scheduling model of Yellow River water projects and systematically proposed a preliminary theoretical framework for the study of multi-dimensional synergistic scheduling of Yellow River water projects. It was hoped that this paper could provide a reference for the research on collaborative regulation of water projects in river basins where there were multi-objectives in fierce competition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small and medium-sized reservoirs occupy an extremely important position in maintaining the sustainable development of our society, ecology and economy. Sediment deposition is a very prominent problem in the existing reservoir projects, especially for reservoir projects on the sandy rivers, where the sedimentation situation is more severe. The recovery of storage capacity of small and medium-sized silted reservoirs has become an urgent issue to be solved. This paper analyzed and summarized the traditional hydraulic desilting, mechanical dredging and newly-developed dredging techniques and methods, and discussed the dredging principle, dredging effect and applicable conditions of different dredging technologies. These dredging technologies were re-recognized from the aspects of high efficiency and environmental protection. This paper provided reference for the design and practice of storage capacity recovery for small and medium-sized silted reservoirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stepped slope protection can not only meet the needs of cultural landscape, but also has a good effect of reducing waves. In recent years, it has been applied in some dam projects, but there is still a lack of systematic research on relevant design parameters. In this paper, a two-dimensional numerical wave model was established based on the velocity boundary method according to the medium and large reservoir dams. The influence of step layout range, step size, dam slope degree and wave smoothness for wave run-up was analyzed. The results show that, compared with the smooth slope protection, the stepped slope protection can effectively reduce the wave run-up. For the same wave smoothness and dam slope degree, the wave run-up decreases with the increase of step layout range, and decreases first and then increases with the increase of step height. The recommended step layout range is 1 times the wave height above the free water surface to 2 times the wave height below the free water surface. The recommended step height is 0.4 times of the incident wave height, and the wave attenuation coefficient is between 60% and 70%. In the recommended stepped slope protection arrangement, the wave run-up increases with the increase of wave smoothness and decreases with the softening of dam slope. When the slope is lower than 1∶3.0, the influence of slope coefficient on wave run-up weakens to some extent. According to the comprehensive roughness and osmosis coefficient calculated in this paper, the wave run-up of stepped slope protection can be estimated preliminarily, which provides reference for similar engineering design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]