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Ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin have become a major national strategy in China. This paper explores the impact and mechanisms of new infrastructure on high-quality industrial development in the Yellow River Basin, considering the current context of vigorous development of new infrastructure and the industrial development status of the region. This study finds that new infrastructure promotes high-quality industrial development in the Yellow River Basin, and the enhancement of digital literacy strengthens this positive impact. New infrastructure facilitates high-quality industrial development in the Yellow River Basin by driving labor transfer from the supply side and consumption upgrading from the demand side. This positive influence is particularly pronounced in the upstream cities, central cities, and urbanized areas of the Yellow River Basin. Further research indicates that there is a "pain period" in promoting the construction of new infrastructure, and only when the level of high-quality industrial development exceeds a certain threshold can its efficiency be further improved. The conclusions of this paper provide theoretical references and policy inspiration for the coordinated promotion of new infrastructure construction to empower high-quality industrial development in the Yellow River Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spatial distribution pattern of rural settlements in the Yellow River Basin is scattered and numerous. It is of great significance to study the discrete distribution of rural settlements for achieving high-quality development and promoting rural revitalization strategy. In this paper, we propose an enhanced evaluation model for assessing the spatial distribution dispersion of rural settlements, incorporating the weight of road grade (the road grade refers to the ranking of traffic capacity and importance of a particular type of road, indicating varying levels of time accessibility). We investigate the dispersion characteristics of rural settlements in the Yellow River Basin in 2020, focusing on both county and city scales. Furthermore, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of the spatial differentiation and scale effects of dispersion evaluation outcomes and their driving forces. Our findings reveal the following insights: (1) The road grade significantly influences the dispersion evaluation. When considering road grade in the dispersion calculation, the results align more closely with the actual situation. (2) The dispersion of rural settlements in the Yellow River Basin exhibits a decreasing trend from west to east. Specifically, the dispersion is higher in the upper reaches compared to the middle and lower reaches. Both city and county scales show spatial autocorrelation in dispersion, with a positive spatial correlation observed. High dispersion values cluster in the west, while low values concentrate in the east. Notably, the agglomeration degree is more pronounced at the county scale than at the city scale, highlighting more localized patterns of agglomeration and dispersion. (3) The multiscale geographically weighted regression model emerges as the optimal model for analyzing the driving forces of dispersion. At the city scale, factors such as river density, road density, and rural economy negatively impact dispersion. However, at the county scale, average elevation and rural economy positively affect dispersion, whereas river density, road density, and rural population density have a negative influence. By incorporating the weight of road grade into our evaluation model, we provide a more nuanced understanding of the spatial distribution dispersion of rural settlements in the Yellow River Basin. Our findings offer valuable insights for policymakers and planners seeking to optimize rural settlement patterns and promote sustainable rural development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The Yellow River Basin is an important national energy base and ecological protection area, and it is of great significance to promote the coordinated development of high-quality development and eco-environmental carrying capacity in the region. Methods: Taking the 73 prefecture-level cities along the Yellow River as the study unit, this paper measures the changes of high-quality development level and eco-environmental carrying capacity of municipalities from 2005 to 2020, using the coupling coordination degree model and fuzzy logic algorithm. Results and discussion: 1) The capital city and its surrounding cities have a high level of high-quality development, with the lower and middle reaches of the Yellow River having higher levels than the upper reaches. From 2005 to 2020, the level of high-quality development showed an upward trend. 2) The eco-environmental carrying capacity of cities in the lower reaches is higher than that in the upper reaches. From 2005 to 2020, the eco-environmental carrying capacity of cities in the lower reaches of the Yellow River increased first and then decreased. 3) The provincial capital cities have a high degree of coupling coordination, with cities in the lower reaches having a higher level than those in the middle and upper reaches. A high degree of coupling coordination reduces spatial differences, but dominated by primary coordination. 4) From 2005 to 2020, the eco-environmental carrying capacity tended to be coordinated with the high-quality development, close to a high level and system optimization. In the end, we conclude with policy recommendations to promote high-quality urban development and harmony between people and nature in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high-quality development paradigm, which emphasizes the organic unity of efficiency, equity, and sustainability, has gained increasing global recognition as an extension of the concept of sustainable green development. In this study, we use green development efficiency as a metric of high-quality development and employ a three-stage Stacks-based Measure Model (SBM) in order to assess the true green development efficiency (GDE) levels of urban agglomerations in China's Yellow River Basin (YRB) from 2011 to 2020. The results indicate that external environmental factors significantly impacted the green development efficiency levels of these urban agglomerations; after removing these factors, their green development efficiency shifted from trendless fluctuations to more consistent upward trends. Additionally, the disparities between different urban agglomerations are the primary sources of overall differences in green development efficiency in the YRB. Influenced by economic development levels and administrative divisions, the degree of internal development imbalance varies among urban agglomerations; however, regional disparities show a decreasing trend, indicating a catch-up effect. Based on these findings, we further propose relevant policy recommendations in this paper. The results of this study help us to understand the current status and trends of high-quality development in the urban agglomerations of the YRB, providing empirical evidence for policy formulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water resources are crucial for the development of ecosystems and humanity. The Yellow River Basin (YRB), as an important ecological area in China, is facing significant challenges in ecological protection and high-quality development due to global climate change and intense human activities. In order to alleviate the water resources crisis in the YRB, it is necessary to calculate the resilience of the water resources system and identify the main influencing factors. This paper considered the factors of water resources, social economy, and ecological environment, then constructed an evaluation framework of the water resources system resilience (WRSR) from three aspects: resistance, restoration, and adaptability. Taking nine provinces along the YRB as a case study, the WRSR was measured by using the entropy weight TOPSIS model, and its driving factors were analyzed with Geographical Detectors (GD). The results showed that: (1) From 2010 to 2022, the WRSR in the Yellow River Basin and various provinces was showing a fluctuating increasing trend, in which Ningxia had the highest average WRSR (0.646), while Shanxi had the lowest (0.168). (2) From three dimensions, the development trends of resistance, restoration, and adaptability in the YRB and various provinces from 2010 to 2022 were relatively stable. Shandong's resistance level far exceeded that of other provinces, having the highest average resistance value (0.692), and Ningxia had the highest average value of restoration (0.827) and adaptability (0.711). However, Gansu had the lowest average value of resistance (0.119), Sichuan had the lowest average value of restoration (0.097), and Shandong had the lowest average value of adaptability (0.110). (3) In terms of impact factors, the development and utilization rate of water resources (C13) and the development and utilization rate of surface water resources (C14) in the restoration subsystem consistently ranked in the top two of influencing factors. Similarly, the water consumption per 10,000 yuan of GDP (C26) in the adaptability subsystem consistently ranked within the top ten. On the other hand, the natural population growth rate (C6) in the resistance subsystem, as well as the impact of ammonia nitrogen emissions (C9) and total precipitation (C2) in wastewater, exhibited an upward trend. Based on these, this paper provides relevant suggestions for improving the WRSR in the YRB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arid Zone Research / Ganhanqu Yanjiu is the property of Arid Zone Research Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The uneven distribution of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) continuous stations in the Yellow River Basin, combined with the sparse distribution of GNSS continuous stations in some regions and the weak far-field load signals, poses challenges in using GNSS vertical displacement data to invert terrestrial water storage changes (TWSCs). To achieve the inversion of water reserves in the Yellow River Basin using unevenly distributed GNSS continuous station data, in this study, we employed the Tikhonov regularization method to invert the terrestrial water storage (TWS) in the Yellow River Basin using vertical displacement data from network engineering and the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC) GNSS continuous stations from 2011 to 2022. In addition, we applied an inverse distance weighting smoothing factor, which was designed to account for the GNSS station distribution density, to smooth the inversion results. Consequently, a gridded product of the TWS in the Yellow River Basin with a spatial resolution of 0.5 degrees on a daily scale was obtained. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, a correlation analysis was conducted between the inversion results and the daily TWS from the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS), yielding a correlation coefficient of 0.68, indicating a strong correlation, which verifies the effectiveness of the method proposed in this paper. Based on the inversion results, we analyzed the spatial–temporal distribution trends and patterns in the Yellow River Basin and found that the average TWS decreased at a rate of 0.027 mm/d from 2011 to 2017, and then increased at a rate of 0.010 mm/d from 2017 to 2022. The TWS decreased from the lower-middle to lower reaches, while it increased from the upper-middle to upper reaches. Furthermore, an attribution analysis of the terrestrial water storage changes in the Yellow River Basin was conducted, and the correlation coefficients between the monthly average water storage changes inverted from the results and the monthly average precipitation, evapotranspiration, and surface temperature (AvgSurfT) from the GLDAS were 0.63, −0.65, and −0.69, respectively. This indicates that precipitation, evapotranspiration, and surface temperature were significant factors affecting the TWSCs in the Yellow River Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences is the property of Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arid Land Geography is the property of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology & Geography and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Yellow River, a critical water resource, faces challenges stemming from increasing water demand, which has led to detrimental effects on hydropower generation and ecological balance. This paper will address the complex task of balancing the interests of hydropower generation, water supply, and ecology within the context of cascade reservoirs, specifically Longyangxia and Liujiaxia reservoirs. Employing a systemic coupling coordination approach, we constructed a multi-objective synergetic model of the upper Yellow River in order to explore synergies and competitions among multiple objectives. The results reveal that there is a weak competitive relationship between hydropower generation and water supply, a strong synergy between hydropower generation and ecology, and a strong competitive relationship between water supply and ecology. The Pareto solution set analysis indicates a considerable percentage (59%, 20%, and 8% in wet, normal, and dry years, respectively) exhibiting excellent coordination. The probability of excellent coordination decreases with diminishing inflow. The optimization scheme with the highest coupling coordination demonstrates significant improvements in power generation, water supply, and ecological benefits in the upper Yellow River without compromising other objectives, fostering the sustainable operation of hydropower generation, water supply, and ecology in the upper Yellow River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Promoting the sustainable development of resource-based cities is of great significance for the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. In order to solve the dilemma of the sustainable development of resource-based cities in the Yellow River Basin, this paper constructs an ecological security evaluation system. It calculates the ecological security level of 30 resource-based cities in the Yellow River Basin from 2006 to 2020 using the TOPSIS model and carries out a classification convergence analysis. The DID empirical test of ecological security factors by sustainable development planning policies is used to distinguish the development characteristics of different resource-based cities. The results show that (1) the ecological security level of resource cities in the Yellow River Basin is generally well developed, and there are differences between different types of resource cities; (2) the resource cities in the Yellow River Basin mainly rely on industrial transformation to improve the ecological security level; and (3) the local governments pay limited attention to environmental protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water market development in the Yellow River Basin (YRB) unfolds new opportunities for alleviating water scarcity and improving water productivity. However, the further development of an effective water market in the basin faces challenges such as unclear water rights, regulatory deficiencies, market deficiencies, and insufficient compensation to third-parties, among others. Studying water market development in Western countries provides useful insights for addressing similar challenges, thus providing useful case studies despite the different cultural, economic, institutional, and political settings. This paper investigates water markets in the Murray–Darling Basin in Australia, the western United States, and Chile to synthesize cases of water market development that could potentially contribute to overcoming the challenges encountered in the YRB. After analyzing these cases, recommendations are made for enhancing the YRB's water market development from the perspectives of water rights systems, as well as the roles of the government and market, legal system, and third-party effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arid Land Geography is the property of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology & Geography and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Climate change has become an unavoidable problem in achieving sustainable development. As one of the major industries worldwide, tourism can make a significant contribution to mitigating climate change. The main objective of the paper is to assess the development level of low-carbon tourism from multi-aspect, using the Yellow River Basin as an example. Firstly, this study quantified tourism carbon dioxide emissions and tourism economy, and analyzed their evolution characteristics. The interaction and coordination degree between tourism carbon dioxide emissions and tourism economy were then analyzed using the improved coupling coordination degree model. Finally, this study analyzed the change in total factor productivity of low-carbon tourism by calculating the Malmquist–Luenberger productivity index. The results showed that: (1) the tourism industry in the Yellow River Basin has the characteristics of the initial environmental Kuznets curve. (2) There was a strong interaction between tourism carbon dioxide emissions and tourism economy, which was manifested as mutual promotion. (3) The total factor productivity of low-carbon tourism was increasing. Based on the above results, it could be concluded that the development level of low-carbon tourism in the Yellow River Basin has been continuously improved from 2000 to 2019, but it is still in the early development stage with the continuous growth of carbon dioxide emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to fully explore and realize the value of soil and water conservation carbon sink in the Yellow River Basin, and effectively promote its development and market trading, on the basis of clarifying the connotation and characteristics of soil and water conservation car- bon sink in the Yellow River Basin, its quality was evaluated from three dimensions; the contribution quality of new carbon storage, the contribution quality of sustainable development, and the quality of carbon sink production process. This paper built an evaluation index system composed of 3 first-level indicators, 14 second-level indicators and 47 third-level indicators, and pointed out the appropriate methods for determining the weights of indicators at all levels and the methods for calculating the carbon sink quality index of soil and water conservation. It suggests that: firstly, we should carry out a whole process pilot project in the Yellow River Basin including high-quality soil and water conservation carbon sink development, monitoring and accounting, carbon sink project rating, information disclosure, and market trading; secondly, we should strengthen international cooperation and exchanges, learn from the differentiated pricing mechanism of the international voluntary emission reduction market, and build a carbon sink pricing system for soil and water conservation in the Yellow River Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to promote the green, low-carbon and high-quality development of agriculture, this paper adopted the super-efficiency SBM model and the entropy method to measure the agricultural carbon emission efficiency and the high-quality development level of agriculture in the Yellow River Basin, and discussed the interaction between the two by using VAR model. The results show that a) the agricultural carbon emission efficiency in the Yellow River Basin is on the rise as a whole. The agricultural carbon emission efficiency of Gansu and Shanxi, Sichuan, Shandong, Henan, Shaanxi and Qinghai, Ningxia and Inner Mongolia is at a lower, medium and higher level respectively. b) The overall level of high-quality agricultural development shows a fluctuating upward trend. Shaanxi, Shanxi, Ningxia and Inner Mongolia, Qinghai and Gansu, Henan, Sichuan and Shandong are at a lower, medium and higher level respectively. c) The improvement of agricultural carbon emission efficiency has a significant effect on the promotion of high-quality agricultural development, while the improvement of high-quality agricultural development has no significant effect on agricultural carbon emission efficiency. Based on the research results, some suggestions were put forward to improve the efficiency of agricultural carbon emissions and promote the high-quality development of agriculture in the Yellow River Basin from the aspects of green and sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The major national strategy of ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin has been proposed for nearly five years. During this period, the levels of ecological protection, governance, and development in the Yellow River Basin have been rapidly improved. However, the issues of the Yellow River are longstanding and highly complex, far from being resolved overnight. Given the current situation and unresolved challenges in the Yellow River Basin, there is an urgent need to systematically summarize the research and achievements of the past five years, and to provide prospects for future development. This article systematically summarized the research and contributions made by various sectors of society to the Yellow River since the proposal of the major national strategic plan, focusing on scientific research projects, academic papers, academic monographs, and research platforms. Based on in-depth study of the major national strategic ideology and theories such as systems theory, dialectical materialism, and the theory of harmony, and combined with the current situation of the Yellow River Basin and the urgent major issues that need to be addressed, the article presented five prospects for the future development of the Yellow River Basin; multi-disciplinary integration, multi-department collaborative governance, multi-level joint research, multi- platform talent training, multi-approach protection and governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the mother river of China, the Yellow River Basin serves as a crucial ecological domain and economic zone, as well as a vital source of food and energy. It plays an indispensable role in the political, economic, and cultural development of the nation. The ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin have become a major national strategy in China. Yet, the Yellow River is among the most complex and challenging rivers in the world. Throughout China's long history, especially since efforts began to regulate the river, significant achievements have been made in its management and ecological protection. However, many critical issues still need to be addressed. This paper explored the rich history of the Yellow River Basin management and successes, examined the current situation and challenges, and provided recommendations and strategies for achieving long-term stability, sustainability, and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin, such as constructing the water resources security system of the basin, realizing the restoration and protection of the ecological environment in the key areas in the basin, and improving the engineering system of flood control, ice-flood prevention and water-sediment regulation in the basin, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Yellow River Basin plays a crucial role as both an ecological barrier and an economic development area in China. However, achieving synergistic development between the environment and industry in the coastal provinces remains challenging. Conducting in-depth studies on the synergy between these two aspects can provide valuable guidance for the development of each province. This paper employs the Topsis method to assess the development level of the industrial and environmental systems in the Yellow River Basin. Additionally, it utilizes the Harken model to analyze the synergy between the environment and industry in the coastal provinces of the Yellow River Basin from 2011 to 2021. Furthermore, the overall distribution of the level of synergistic development between the industry and environment in the Yellow River Basin is analyzed using kernel density estimation. The empirical findings reveal the following: 1. The development level of both environmental and industrial systems in each province of the Yellow River Basin has exhibited a consistent increase over the study period. 2. The average synergy between environment and industry in the Yellow River Basin has shown a declining trend from 2011 to 2021. In 2021, the synergy level follows the pattern of "upstream

By exploring the coupling and coordination relationship between high-quality agricultural development and ecological environment in the Yellow River Basin, and providing scientific reference for ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Ba- sin, this paper took nine provinces in the Yellow River Basin as the research object, and based on the panel data from 2012 to 2020, adopted the entropy value method, coupling coordination degree, spatial autocorrelation and spatial econometric model to study the coupling and coordination characteristics of high-quality agricultural development and ecological environment, and analyzed the spatial and temporal pattern evolution and driving factors of the coupling and coordination degree between them. The results show that the high-quality development level of agriculture and the ecological environment level in the Yellow River Basin are both on the rise, the regional pattern of the former is mainly "high in the upper and lower reaches and low in the middle reaches". The regional pattern of the latter is mainly "high in the middle and lower reaches and low in the upper reaches". The degree of coupling coordination between high-quality agricultural development and ecological environment is at a relatively low level, higher coupling coordination in the downstream than that of the middle and upper stream, there is a significant spatial agglomeration effect. Scientific and technological innovation and agricultural products trade play a significant role in the coupling and coordination level of high-quality agricultural development and ecological environment in the province (autonomous region), environmental regulation, scientific and technological innovation and agricultural trade have a significant positive space spillover effect, however, the spatial influence degree of each factor is different. In order to promote the improvement of coupling and coordination degree, the following suggestions are put forward; formulating development strategies in accordance with local conditions, strengthening interregional coordination and cooperation, and correctly playing the role of government and market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to provide theoretical support and decision-making basis for improving the level of industrial green development in the Yellow River Basin and promoting the transformation and building industrial green development in the Yellow River Basin, the panel data of nine provinces (regions) in the Yellow River Basin from 2012 to 2021 were used to calculate the level of industrial green development in the Yellow River Basin by using entropy weight-TOPSIS model. The differences were analyzed from spatial distribution, temporal characteristics and provincial levels, and the obstacle factor diagnosis model was used to explore the main obstacle factors affecting the green industrial development in the Yellow River Basin. The results show that the level of industrial green development in the Yellow River Basin shows an over- all upward trend from 2012 to 2021, with the value increasing from 0.378 in 2012 to 0.498 in 2021. The main obstacles to green industrial development in the Yellow River Basin are industrial environmental control and industrial innovation. The main obstacle factors are the proportion of industrial pollution investment in industrial added value, industrial labor productivity, the proportion of industrial wastewater treatment funds in industrial pollution control investment, the number of valid invention patents per household of industrial enterprises above designated size, and the level of innovation capital investment. Finally, the paper put forward some suggestions to improve the level of industrial green development in the Yellow River Basin from three aspects of optimizing industrial structure, strengthening environmental governance and building green innovation system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to quantitatively evaluate the impact of inter-industry water rights transfer on economy and society in the main stream of the Yellow River in Inner Mongolia, the paper analyzed the impact of water rights transfer on agriculture, and the impact of water rights transfer on water use, production and operation, annual income, people's livelihood and economy of all industrial enterprises. The results show that the transfer of inter-industry water rights in the main stream of the Yellow River in Inner Mongolia in 2019-2021 has driven the total investment of industrial projects to 599.58 billion Yuan, created 122 145 new jobs, the gross regional product is 44.709 billion Yuan, the industrial added value is 238.821 billion Yuan, the annual tax revenue is 19.47 billion Yuan, the newly paved road area is 13.161 7 million km², and the new green area is 30.995 million km². The agricultural output value and farmers' income have been significantly increased, local livelihood issues have been effectively solved, and ecological protection and social and economic development along the Yellow River have been promoted. The transfer of water rights between industries in the main stream of the Yellow River in Inner Mongolia has alleviated the bottleneck of water resources of industrial enterprises along the Yellow River, realized the multi-win of farmers' production increase, economic efficiency increase and ecological restoration, and provided strong support for ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to promote the implementation of the action of deep water saving and control in the Yellow River Basin and improve the level of intensive utilization of water resources in Shaanxi Province, this paper discussed the definition of deep water saving, using the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) to establish the evaluation index system of deep water saving level, evaluated the deep water saving level of cities in the Yellow River Basin of Shaanxi Province, put forward the existing problems and countermeasures, and calculated the deep water saving potential according to the deep water saving goal, which had theoretical support for the implementation of deep water saving in Shaanxi Province. The results show that in the current year, the level of deep water saving in Xi'an, Xianyang, Yan'an, Tongchuan, Baoji, Hancheng, Yangling, Yulin, Shangluo and Xixian New District is strong, and the level of deep water saving in Weinan is general. The deep water saving potential of the Yellow River Basin in Shaanxi Province during the 14th Five-Year Plan period is 323.9 million m³, which can increase the water saving potential of 82.7 million m³ compared with the general water saving situation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to quantify trade-associated virtual water flows and evaluate their impact on regional water systems, this paper used the multi-region input-output model to reveal the pattern and structure of the virtual water trade inside and outsided of the Yellow River Basin in 2012,2015 and 2017 and used LMDI method to analyze the impact of the virtual water net output of the watershed relative to others, and used the QAP model to analyze the impact factors of the virtual water trade among provinces within the watershed. The results show that a) the Yellow River Basin as a whole presents a virtual water net input state, but the Yellow River Basin net exports virtual water to Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei and other 12 regions. b) The virtual water trade export industry is mainly the production and supply of agriculture, electricity, gas and water. c) Structure effect and intensity effect are important driving factors of virtual water net output in the watershed. d) QAP regression outcomes prove that economic development level, geographic distance and water use intensity differences are the main factors affecting the virtual water trade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to provide reference for the institutional construction of ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin, from a methodological perspective, this paper analyzed the new institutional construction needs for ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin, and the contradiction of the overall requirements of basin governance between fragmented management in reality. On the premise of adhering to ecological priority and green development, and implementing tailored and classified policies, the above issues could be solved by finding the smallest tool unit that covered both ecological protection and high-quality development. Green credit is the minimum common multiple between ecological protection and high-quality development. Establishing a green credit system through laws, regulations and policy regulations is a necessary foundation and logical starting point for basin collaborative governance. Yellow River Conservancy Commission and the nine provinces (regions) in the Yellow River Basin can, in accordance with higher-level laws and relevant policies such as the Yellow River Protection Law, promptly introduce operational norms applicable to the basin and region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inclusive finance is an important way to promote farmers’ income increase and adjust farmers’ income structure. This paper uses the panel data of the Yellow River basin from 2011 to 2020 to explore the impact of inclusive finance on the income structure of farmers. The results show that:①The total inclusive financial index has a significant positive impact on the income of rural residents and income from all sources in the whole and all regions of the Yellow River basin, but only has a negative impact on property income in the upstream region, but the negative impact is not significant. ②The inclusive financial coverage index has a significant positive impact on the income of rural residents and income from all sources in the whole and all regions of the Yellow River basin, a significant negative impact on the income of downstream households, and a significant negative impact on downstream property income. ③The depth index of inclusive financial use has a significant positive impact on the per capita net income of rural households and the net income of household management in the whole Yellow River basin, but has no significant positive impact on wage income, while property income and transfer income have a significant negative impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the provincial panel data of the Yellow River basin from 2011 to 2020, this paper first calculates the agricultural modernization level of the Yellow River basin using entropy method, and then uses OLS model to empirically analyze the impact of agricultural scientific and technological innovation investment and agricultural modernization in the basin. The results show that:①The average agricultural modernization index of the Yellow River basin is 0. 399, which is in the initial stage, and shows an upward trend in 2011-2018; However, the decline occurred in 2018-2020, which cast a shadow on the development of agricultural modernization in the Yellow River basin. In all regions, the average value of the comprehensive index of agricultural modernization development in the downstream is significantly higher than that in the middle and upstream, and the development index in the upstream is the lowest. Among the provinces and autonomous regions, the average comprehensive development index of agricultural modernization in Shandong Province, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Henan Province is higher than that in other provinces (regions), while the average comprehensive development index of Gansu Province is the lowest. ②The scale of investment in agricultural scientific research has a significant positive impact on the overall and downstream agricultural modernization development of the Yellow River basin, and a significant negative impact on the upstream and midstream; The investment intensity of agricultural research funds has a significant positive impact on the development of agricultural modernization in the Yellow River basin, the upper and middle reaches, and a significant negative impact on the lower reaches; The impact of human investment in agricultural research on agricultural modernization in the Yellow River basin and the upper, middle and lower reaches is significantly positive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of carbon budget and carbon compensation zoning is of great significance in formulating strategies to adapt to the low-carbon development of each region, promoting synergistic management of regional ecological environment, and realizing high-quality develop‐ ment. This paper takes 56 municipal units in the Yellow River Basin as the study area, and by constructing a conceptual structure of carbon income and expenditure as well as carbon compensation zoning of the cities in the basin, it studies the spatio-temporal differentiation law of carbon income and expenditure as well as carbon compensation zoning of the urban agglomerations in the Yellow River Basin by using methods such as the centralization index and the location-con‐ strained multivariate spatial clustering, and then it provides constructive theoretical solutions for the low-carbon development strategy in the process of urbanization. The study shows that: (1) the cities in the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2020 are characterized by obvious geographical differentiation of carbon expenditure and revenue, specifically, the carbon expenditure and revenue centralization index of the study area fluctuates up and down around the warning line of 0. 4, and the overall curve shows an obvious fluctuating upward trend. (2) The spatial and temporal variation of carbon income and expenditure among cities in the Yellow River Basin is remarkable, and the data show that carbon emissions in the Yellow River Basin show a structure of "low in the west and high in the east and central parts of the country", with the high-value centres in Gansu, Shaanxi and Shandong provinces in 2000, and then the number of high-value areas of carbon emissions has increased year by year, while at the same time, the absorptive capacity of carbon sinks in each city is roughly equal. (3) Based on the framework of carbon offset zoning, the study area is divided into five types of carbon offset spatial optimization zones, and suggestions are made for green and low-carbon development planning in different types of zones. (4) In the future, the study will refine the spatial scale of the study area, explore the balance of carbon budget and carbon compensation of smaller units, and strive to explore the optimization of the green and low-carbon development mode of small areas, so that the energy conservation and emission reduction and green development of small areas can lead the cities in the region to achieve the dual-carbon goal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to provide scientific and technological support for the implementation of major national strategies for ecological protection and high-quality development and rural revitalization in the Yellow River Basin, this paper systematically summarized the research results, key technologies and typical models of the coordinated development of ecological governance and ecological economy in the Yellow River Basin over the years, analyzed the current existing and outstanding issues, and put forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions. Over the years, various regions in the Yellow River Basin have explored a variety of coordinated development models of ecological governance and ecological economy for serious soil erosion. It includes the comprehensive ecological and economic management model with high adaptability of soil and water conservation-geomorphology-ecological economy, the ecological agriculture economic model of soil and water conservation, the integrated development model of soil and water conservation and ecological economy in wind-sand area, the coordinated development model of ecological management and derivative industries in Pisha sandstone area, the virtuous cycle model of rural energy ecology in semi-arid areas, and the governance model of ecological and economic belt of soil and water conservation in the Loess Plateau. At present, the existing outstanding issues include the concept of coordinated development of ecological governance and ecological economy is weak, the synergy between the two is not high, the space for coupling and coordination is unbalanced, and the development model has a single structure and low scale efficiency. The suggestions: To innovate the theory and key technologies of coordinated development of ecological governance and ecological economy; To establish a diversified investment mechanism, create a new model of coordinated development of ecological governance and economy and its production and industrial system with the goal of high-quality development, and explore the promotion mechanism and model of “full trust and full chain”; To build an appropriate technical system, industrial system, management system and talent support system; To establish a pilot demonstration county for the coordinated development of ecological governance and ecological economy, lead and optimize the coordinated development of regional modern ecological governance and economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to evaluate the sustainable utilization level of water resources in the nine provinces (autonomous regions) of the Yellow River Basin, improve the status of water resources and realize the sustainable utilization of regional water resources, this paper proposed a comprehensive evaluation index of sustainable utilization of water resources suitable for the nine provinces (autonomous regions) of the Yellow River Basin based on the water footprint model. Spearman correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the driving factors of sustainable water resources utilization in the nine provinces of the Yellow River Basin. The results show that the water resources footprint of the nine provinces (autonomous regions) in the Yellow River Basin from 2010 to 2020 increases first and then decreases in a small amplitude, and the water environment footprint shows a decreasing trend, and the spatial distribution of water resources footprint and water environment footprint is very uneven. In the nine provinces (autonomous regions) of the Yellow River Basin, the level of sustainable utilization of water resources has increased to different degrees. The level of sustainable utilization of water resources in the upstream provinces (autonomous regions) is higher, while the level of sustainable utilization in the middle and downstream provinces (autonomous regions) is lower. The main driving factors of sustainable water resources use are population density, wastewater treatment rate and the proportion of secondary industry, followed by per capita water consumption and fertilizer application intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to investigate the dynamic evolution and regional differences of quaternity cooperation of water resources-ecology-city-industry in the Yellow River Basin, the paper adopted the synergy model, kernel density estimation, Dagum gini coefficient and its decomposition to estimate it based on the data of 76 major prefecture-level cities in the Yellow River Basin from 2016 to 2020. The results show that the number of cities in primary, intermediate and good coordination is 30, 33 and 13 respectively. The level of synergy among cities is on the rise, but the absolute difference between cities is expanding and the relative difference is narrowing. except for Hu-Bao-E-Yu urban agglomeration, the absolute difference of the coordination degree of the other six urban agglomerations all shows an expanding trend. The internal differences between the upper and lower reaches of the Yellow River show a downward trend, while the internal differences in the middle reaches show an upward trend. The difference between the upper and middle reaches is the largest, and it shows a further expansion trend, and the difference between the upper and lower reaches is gradually narrowing. The difference in Hu-Bao-E-Yu urban agglomeration is the smallest and the difference in Guanzhong urban agglomeration is the largest. The difference between Guanzhong urban agglomeration and Shandong peninsula urban agglomeration is the smallest, and the difference between Jinzhong urban agglomeration and Shandong peninsula urban agglomeration is the largest. In the future, we should further strengthen factor coordination and regional coordination, give play to the dynamic comparative advantages of various regions, and promote the in-depth implementation of ecological protection and high-quality development strategies according to local conditions in the Yellow River Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the provincial panel data of the Yellow River basin from 2011 to 2020, this paper uses the entropy weight method to evaluate the overall and regional agricultural green development level of the Yellow River basin from four aspects of resource utilization, environmental impact, ecological conservation and economic benefits, and carries out regional difference analysis. The results show that: ① The overall agricultural green development level of the Yellow River basin is not high and shows an overall upward trend, only in 2018 did it decrease. From the perspective of classification indicators, the scores of each classification indicator are quite different. The score of resource utilization is the highest, the score of environmental impact is the lowest, and the score of ecological conservation and economic benefits is lower than that of resource utilization, but the difference between the three is not significant. ② The average comprehensive score of agricultural green development level in the downstream region is the highest, followed by the middle reaches, and the lowest in the upstream region. From the perspective of development trend, the upstream region shows an overall upward trend during the sample period, but there are still fluctuations. Although the average score of agricultural green development level in the relatively stable downstream region is the highest, the volatility of its development trend is significantly greater than that in the upstream and midstream regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interaction between water resources utilization and urban development in urban agglomerations in the Yellow River Basin is the key to the high-quality development of urban agglomerations in the basin. There is an urgent need to explore the coupling and coordination relationship between the two under the sustainable development goals, and provide new ideas for exploring the collaborative mechanism of ecological protection and high-quality development of urban agglomerations in the Yellow River Basin. Taking 72 cities and five urban agglomerations in the Yellow River Basin as examples, this paper established an analysis framework for the coupling of water footprint and city development index in 2010-2019 according to the sustainable development goal proposed by the United Nations and the difference of water resources utilization. The Theil variation index method was used to evaluate the spatial differences in coupling coordination results. The results show that the water footprint is decreasing year by year and the city development index is increasing year by year. The coupling relationship between water footprint and city development index is in an unstable state of “rising-falling-rising”. The difference in the level of urban water resources utilization within the urban agglomeration is the main reason for the difference in the level of development, and there are significant differences in the coordination relationship between water resources utilization and urban development in different urban agglomeration development stages. It suggested to build a trans-regional water resources co-governance system, give full play to the regulatory role of public water resources policies in urban agglomerations, and systematically plan the safety pattern of aquatic environment protection and water resources development and utilization among urban agglomerations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing carbon productivity is an effective means to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality. To coordinate the relationship between economic growth and carbon emissions reduction in the Yellow River Basin, the carbon productivity of 9 provinces（regions） in the Yellow River Basin from 2007 to 2017 is calculated. Based on DEA-Malmquist’s total factor carbon productivity model, the spatiotemporal evolution trajectory and spatial distribution pattern of total factor carbon productivity of 9 provinces（regions） is deduced. The potential improvement space of total factor carbon productivity is scientifically decomposed and the influencing factors of the spatiotemporal evolution of carbon productivity is identified. Based on this, the improvement path of carbon productivity in the Yellow River Basin is condensed. The results show that, 1) in the time dimension, the carbon productivity of 9 provinces（regions） rise steadily with the growth of per capita GDP,an increase of 283.3%, while the total factor carbon productivity remains at around 1.000. 2) In the spatial dimension, the regional heterogeneity of carbon productivity and total factor carbon productivity is relatively large affected by economic development and resource endowments, showing a spatial evolution pattern of “downstream significantly higher than midstream, and midstream slightly higher than upstream”. 3) From the point of influencing factors, the midstream and upstream belong to technical efficiency-driven, the role of technological progress is weak, while the downstream is a co-promotion type of technological progress and technological efficiency. Based on this, this paper proposes strategic suggestions such as innovating institutional mechanisms, promoting low-carbon development models, focusing on lowcarbon technology innovation, accelerating energy structure adjustment, strengthening regional integration cooperation, and improving factor allocation efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to clarify the current situation of digital economy and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin, explore the coupling coordination and interaction between these two aspects and provide a reference for implementing ecological protection and high-quality development strategies in the Yellow River Basin, the interactive mechanism between digital economy and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin was analyzed theoretically. Based on the panel data 2011 to 2020, a total of 64 prefecture-level cities in the Yellow River Basin were selected. This paper measured the development level of the digital economy and high-quality development level, empirically examined the coupling coordination relationship between these two dimensions by using coupling coordination degree model and explored the interactive relationship between the two through a PVAR model. The results of the study show that a) the development level of the digital economy in the Yellow River Basin has shown improvement during the research period, however, it remains generally lower with significant regional differences, which forms a circle distribution pattern with Jinan, Zhengzhou, Xi’an, Taiyuan and Hohhot as the core cities, and has the spatial distribution characteristics of high in the east and low in the west. b) The imbalance of high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin is prominent, characterized by the polarization and a distinct circle structure. This has resulted in the formation of a high-value area with Jinan, Zhengzhou, Taiyuan, Xi’an, Lanzhou and other provincial capitals as the core cities. c) The coupling coordination degree between the digital economy and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin has been increasing annually, but the overall coordination level remains insufficient. The current implementation only achieves the transition from the mild imbalance to near imbalance levels, and the coordination degree also illustrates a pattern of lower reaches＞middle reaches＞upper reaches. d) Both the digital economy and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin are characterized by self-reliance. High-quality development plays a significant role in promoting the digital economy, while the role of the digital economy in enhancing high-quality development needs to be reinforced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accelerating the enhancement of green technology innovation competitiveness is an inevitable requirement for achieving high-quality development in Yellow River Basin. Building upon a systematic evaluation of the green technology innovation competitiveness in Yellow River Basin from 2009 to 2020, using vertically and horizontally opening grade method, an in-depth analysis of its spatiotemporal distribution pattern and dynamic evolution features was further conducted through the utilization of kernel density estimation and spatial Markov chain; additionally, an obstacle degree model was employed to analyze the main factors hindering the improvement of green technology innovation competitiveness in Yellow River Basin. The results show that the overall development of green technology innovation competitiveness in Yellow River Basin exhibits a “W”-shaped trend with four stages, including decline period, ascendancy period, re-decline period, and revitalization period; the absolute differences in green technology innovation competitiveness between regions have diminished, yet a significant gradient development characteristic persists, with competitiveness increasing successively from upstream to downstream. There is a transfer inertia of green technology innovation competitiveness between different levels in Yellow River Basin; regions with low competitiveness face severe grade barriers, while regions with high competitiveness exhibit a club convergence phenomenon; under spatial effects, the probability of grade locking in the transfer of green technology innovation competitiveness decreases, but cross-level transitions remain elusive. The obstacles to green technology innovation competitiveness in Yellow River Basin mainly manifest in the aspects of inadequate green development and outcome transformation; factors such as unit GDP energy consumption, energy consumption structure, energy consumption, openness, and the number of green technological papers published are identified as the primary impediments to the enhancement of green technological innovation competitiveness in Yellow River Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an essential way to enhance farmers’ self-development ability, off-farm employment plays an indispensable role in farmers’ multidimensional poverty reduction in many countries. Employing a survey of 1926 farmers in five provinces of the Yellow River Basin in China, this paper examined the multi-dimensional poverty reduction effect of off-farm employment and the heterogeneous influence of different dimensions of off-farm employment (modes, levels, distances and frequency). The results showed that (1) although absolute poverty in the income dimension was largely eliminated in the Yellow River Basin, the poverty in social resources, transportation facilities, employment security were the key bottlenecks restricting farmers’ self-development. (2) The province with the best multidimensional poverty reduction effect for non-farm employment was Shaanxi, with the largest contribution to employment security. (3) Improving off-farm employment level, distance and time can significantly alleviate the multi-dimensional poverty of farmers. Therefore, to lessen the multi-dimensional poverty of farmers in the Yellow River Basin, it is necessary to focus on the governance of multi-dimensional key poverty-stricken areas, such as the middle and upper courses of the Yellow River, adopting multidimensional poverty alleviation strategy of off-farm employment according to local conditions, working on the farmers’ deficiencies in social resources, mobility, employment security, and deepening the effect of off-farm employment on benefiting farmers and helping the poor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digital economy (DIE), a new economic form with digitalization at its core, has become an important driving force for promoting regional economy development. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, exploring the impact path of the DIE on carbon emission efficiency (CEE) is conducive to giving full play to the "carbon-reduction-and-efficiency-enhancement" role of the DIE, and to promoting the realization the "dual carbon" goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality. In this paper, the Yellow River Basin (YRB) and the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) are taken as study areas, the panel Tobit model is used to explore the impact of the DIE on CEE, and the intermediary-effect model and threshold-effect model are constructed to test the intermediary and threshold effects of technological innovation, respectively. The results show that the DIE has a U-shaped nonlinear impact on CEE in both the YRB and the YREB and that the impact has regional heterogeneity. Technological innovation can play a mediating effect between the DIE and CEE, whereas the mediating effect in the YRB is stronger than that in the YREB. Technological innovation has a threshold effect on the DIE to improve CEE, while the threshold value in the YREB is higher than that in the YRB. Furthermore, this paper proposes some suggestions to guide regional low-carbon and sustainable development. Impact path of digital economy (DIE) on carbon emission efficiency (CEE) in the Yellow River Basin (YRB) and Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB). [Display omitted] • The Super-SBM model is used to evaluate the urban carbon emission efficiency (CEE), and the entropy weight method is used to evaluate the development level of urban digital economy (DIE). • The DIE has a U-shaped nonlinear impact on CEE in the Yellow River Basin (YRB) and the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB). • The intermediary model and threshold model are used to test the intermediary effect and threshold effect of technological innovation between DIE and CEE. • Technological innovation can play a mediating effect between DIE and CEE, whereas the mediating effect in the YRB is stronger than that in the YREB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water resources are crucial for the development of ecosystems and humanity. The Yellow River Basin (YRB), as an important ecological area in China, is facing significant challenges in ecological protection and high-quality development due to global climate change and intense human activities. In order to alleviate the water resources crisis in the YRB, it is necessary to calculate the resilience of the water resources system and identify the main influencing factors. This paper considered the factors of water resources, social economy, and ecological environment, then constructed an evaluation framework of the water resources system resilience (WRSR) from three aspects: resistance, restoration, and adaptability. Taking nine provinces along the YRB as a case study, the WRSR was measured by using the entropy weight TOPSIS model, and its driving factors were analyzed with Geographical Detectors (GD). The results showed that: (1) From 2010 to 2022, the WRSR in the Yellow River Basin and various provinces was showing a fluctuating increasing trend, in which Ningxia had the highest average WRSR (0.646), while Shanxi had the lowest (0.168). (2) From three dimensions, the development trends of resistance, restoration, and adaptability in the YRB and various provinces from 2010 to 2022 were relatively stable. Shandong’s resistance level far exceeded that of other provinces, having the highest average resistance value (0.692), and Ningxia had the highest average value of restoration (0.827) and adaptability (0.711). However, Gansu had the lowest average value of resistance (0.119), Sichuan had the lowest average value of restoration (0.097), and Shandong had the lowest average value of adaptability (0.110). (3) In terms of impact factors, the development and utilization rate of water resources (C13) and the development and utilization rate of surface water resources (C14) in the restoration subsystem consistently ranked in the top two of influencing factors. Similarly, the water consumption per 10,000 yuan of GDP (C26) in the adaptability subsystem consistently ranked within the top ten. On the other hand, the natural population growth rate (C6) in the resistance subsystem, as well as the impact of ammonia nitrogen emissions (C9) and total precipitation (C2) in wastewater, exhibited an upward trend. Based on these, this paper provides relevant suggestions for improving the WRSR in the YRB.

The Yellow River Basin (YRB) stands as a critical ecological barrier and a significant economic hub, bridging the western and eastern regions of China. To investigate the synergy of ecoefficiency within the industrial chain of the YRB, this paper introduces a novel research approach. By establishing an industrial technology similarity matrix, spatial econometric models can be employed to analyze spillover effects, which provides a new tool for related research and overcomes some drawbacks of previous studies. The study reveals that industrial ecoefficiency exhibits distinct interaction characteristics across different spatial dimensions. Specifically, the interaction effect within the province is notably superior to that observed within the YRB, as well as in the broader region encompassing the adjacent provinces of the YRB. The upstream and downstream provinces demonstrate a robust level of interaction within their local scopes. However, the middle reaches of provinces exhibit a weak link that undermines the spillover capacity of industrial ecoefficiency across the entire YRB. This finding suggests that hierarchical policy measures should be devised according to the characteristics of spillover effects across various spatial dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Yellow River Basin (YRB) serves as a critical energy hub in China. Enhancing energy efficiency in cities across the YRB is pivotal for achieving high-quality development and meeting carbon peaking and neutrality targets. This paper proposes a multidimensional technology heterogeneity assessment framework to refine the classification of production technologies. It leverages this framework to develop a data envelopment analysis model for evaluating green total factor energy efficiency (GTFEE) in 78 cities within the YRB from 2006 to 2022. The key findings are as follows: (1) Grouping outcomes from the multidimensional heterogeneity framework significantly differ from existing literature. (2) GTFEE shows notable spatiotemporal variations within the YRB, with a substantial overall increase since 2011. However, cities in the central YRB exhibit lower GTFEE performance. (3) Energy inefficiency in groups 1, 2, and 3 is attributed to developmental inefficiency, management inefficiency, and practical inefficiency, respectively. (4) Evaluation of energy-saving potential reveals an average annual potential of around 8 million tce per city during 2006–2022. The study concludes with strategies for enhancing GTFEE based on dynamic GTFEE decomposition outcomes, supporting policy design for achieving dual-carbon goals through improved energy efficiency in the YRB region. • Technology heterogeneity grouping results differ from those in literature. • GTFEE within the Yellow River Basin exhibits significant spatiotemporal variations. • Sources of energy inefficiency vary among the groups. • Average annual energy-saving potential of approximately 8 million tce per city during 2006–2022. • GTFEE improvement path is devised according to the decomposition of MMGTFEEI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Yellow River basin is an important ecological security barrier and ecologically vulnerable region in China. Landscape ecological risk assessment and influencing factor analysis based on land-use/land-cover change (LUCC) and boosted regression tree (BRT) models are of great significance to the coordinated and sustainable development of regional ecological environment and social economy. Based on LUCC and driving factor data from 1980 to 2020, the ecological risk index (ERI) model was constructed to evaluate the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of ecological risk in the past 40 years. Especially, a new method of influencing factor analysis based on the BRT model is proposed. The final index size of the influencing factors was further quantitatively evaluated. The results showed that the spatial distribution pattern of landscape ecological risk in the Yellow River basin was “highest in the north and lowest in the south, highest in the west and lowest in the east.” During the periods, the overall ecological risk and high risk increased first and then decreased. Elevation (24.8%) was the most important factor affecting landscape ecological risk, followed by precipitation (17.8%), GDP (15.2%), and temperature (14.6%). It showed that the particularity of the geographical location of the Yellow River basin eventually led to the stronger influence of natural factors on the change in landscape ecological risk under the interference of human activities. This study will provide a new perspective for quantitative assessment of the final contribution rate of landscape ecological risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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