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1. Child Labor Activities and Schooling Decisions in Rural Côte D'ivoire. Working Paper

Author

University of Pennsylvania, Consortium for Policy Research in Education (CPRE), Samuel Kembou, Sharon Wolf, Kaja Jasinska, and Amy Ogan

Abstract

We leverage data on 1,857 families in 140 rural cocoa-growing communities of Côte d'Ivoire to report on child work activities and schooling decisions. We distinguish between unpaid domestic labor and unpaid agricultural child labor activities reported by children in 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic. We find that more than 80% of children participate in at least one household work activity and more than 50% in at least one agricultural work activity, with differences between boys and girls. Older boys performed more unpaid agricultural work activities, and girls performed more domestic work activities. Thirty-five percent of children were engaged in unpaid agricultural child labor, a rate similar to a national estimate of child labor in cocoa-growing communities of Côte d'Ivoire in 2018/19. Agricultural child labor and schooling are predicted by a child's age and gender, household factors such as parental age, family size, multidimensional poverty, and community factors, especially community-level child labor rates. Social protection and education programs targeting older boys could improve their schooling outcomes and reduce agricultural child labor. Likewise, addressing acute poverty with multifaceted programs reducing consumption-based poverty, poor parental education, and improving community infrastructures could reduce child labor.

Published
2023

2. Demographic Subgroup Trends among Young Adults in the Use of Various Licit and Illicit Drugs, 1988-2020. Monitoring the Future Occasional Paper Series. Paper 96

Author

University of Michigan, Institute for Social Research, Johnston, Lloyd D., Schulenberg, John E., Patrick, Megan E., O'Malley, Patrick M., Bachman, Jerald G., and Miech, Richard A.

Abstract

This occasional paper presents subgroup findings from the Monitoring the Future (MTF) study on levels of, and trends in, the use of a number of substances for nationally representative samples of high school graduates ages 19-30, "Monitoring the Future National Survey Results on Drug Use, 1975-2018. Volume II, College Students & Adults Ages 19-60" (see ED599071). The data have been gathered in a series of follow-up surveys of representative subsamples of high school seniors who were first surveyed in 12th grade as part of the MTF study. Data were first available for the 19-22 age group in 1980 and for the older age groups in subsequent years as the early cohorts progressed in age, as the tables and figures in this occasional paper indicate. The subgroup trends shown in the current occasional paper complement the last section of Chapter 5 (Trends in Drug Use in Early and Middle Adulthood) of that monograph by presenting the trend data for young adult subgroups in both graphic and tabular form. The results are described and discussed in Chapter 5, but the extensive set of tables and figures is provided here for the reader who wishes to view the figures and the underlying numerical values in tabular form. Three demographic dimensions are differentiated: gender, region of the country, and population density. Gender includes trends for males and females; region describes trends for each of the four major regions defined by the U.S. Census; and population density differentiates trends for five levels of community size. The Table of Contents and List of Figures in this occasional paper contain links to the content and figures. Following each figure is a table giving the numerical values associated with each trend line in that figure. [For the 1988-2019 Monitoring the Future Occasional Paper, see ED608244.]

Published
2021

3. The Changing Nature and Role of Vocational Education and Training in Europe. Volume 5: Education and Labour Market Outcomes for Graduates from Different Types of VET System in Europe. Cedefop Research Paper. No 69

Author

Cedefop - European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training, Department for VET Systems and Institutions (DSI)

Abstract

This research paper is the fifth in a series produced as part of the Cedefop project The changing nature and role of VET (2016-18). Based on comparative analysis of labour force survey data from 2014, the report analyses the vocational effect on labour market and education outcomes, asking whether any advantages conferred by vocational qualifications in early career would be offset by disadvantages later in life. The report explores the functioning of the safety net and the diversion effects across countries, demonstrating how these vary considerably with the specific institutional structure of schooling and work-based training. The results indicate that VET graduates are potentially sacrificing the longer-term gains associated with further education in favour of short-term benefits. [This research was carried out by a consortium led by 3s Unternehmensberatung GmbH and including the Danish Technological Institute, the Institute of Employment Research (University of Warwick), the Institute of International and Social Studies (Tallinn University) and Fondazione Giacomo Brodolini. The Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training (BIBB) in Germany is supporting the project as a subcontractor.]

Published
2018

4. Rethinking Social Policy for an Aging Workforce and Society: Insights from the Life Course Perspective. CPRN Discussion Paper.

Author

Canadian Policy Research Networks Inc., Ottawa (Ontario)., Marshall, Victor W., and Mueller, Margaret M.

Abstract

Canadian population trends were examined from a life course perspective to identify needed social policy changes. First, the following principles underpinning the life course perspective were discussed: (1) aging involves biological, psychological, and social processes; (2) human development and aging are lifelong processes; (3) individuals' and cohorts' life courses are embedded in and shaped by historical time and place; (4) the antecedents and consequences of life transitions and events vary according to their timing in a person's life; (5) lives are lived interdependently; and (6) individuals construct their own life courses through the choices and actions they take within the opportunities and constraints of history and social circumstances. Next, the following policy domains were analyzed from the life course perspective: (1) education, the transition to employment, and lifelong learning; (2) family and the relationship between work and family; (3) work-to-retirement transitions; (4) income security in the later years; and (5) intergenerational relations and social cohesion. It was recommended that Canadian policymakers responsible for public, corporate, union, and educational policy focus on the increasing inequality that develops over the life course, avoid the error of assuming a model life course, and move toward consideration of need rather than age. (Contains 166 references.) (MN)

Published
2002

6. The Political Participation of Working Youth and College Students. CIRCLE Working Paper 36

Author

Jarvis, Sharon E., Montoya, Lisa, and Mulvoy, Emily

Abstract

Unprecedented attention has gone to researching young voters, and yet one segment of this age group has been largely ignored: non-college (or "working") youth. Because very little is known about them, the following paper advances three fundamental concerns: What types of political activities do young workers engage in? What can be learned about them by comparing their political attitudes and behaviors to their college attending peers? and, What are some strategies that might be effective to increase their political participation? In responding to these questions, the current article reports data from a telephone survey of over 1,000 19-23 year-old working and college youth. The findings confirm that young workers (1) report lower levels of political socialization and interest as well as fewer civic skills, group memberships and mobilization opportunities than college students, and (2) are less likely to engage in a set of political acts than their college attending peers. The data also reveal, however, heretofore unknown patterns for this group, including that: political socialization and political interest are the most powerful predictors of participation for young workers; the cultivation of civic skills is a stronger predictor of participation for young workers than for college students; and workers who belong to groups and express an interest in politics may be the most ripe for mobilization efforts. The conclusion addresses how these findings could be used in efforts to engage young workers in the political system. (Contains 4 tables and 9 endnotes.) [This working paper was produced by the Center for Information & Research on Civic Learning & Engagement (CIRCLE).]

Published
2005

7. Why Are Young Children Missed so Often in the Census? KIDS COUNT Working Paper

Author

Annie E. Casey Foundation and O'Hare, William P.

Abstract

The Decennial Census is the most important data collection activity undertaken by the U.S. federal statistical system. Because census data are used to apportion Congress and draw redistricting lines for thousands of state and local single-member districts to meet the one-person/one-vote guidelines, the census is at the heart of the political system. Also, census data are used to distribute more than $400 billion in federal funds each year, and they are widely used by other government statistical agencies to calculate rates or design surveys. Children are the age group most often missed in the Decennial Census--the reasons range from their living in hard-to-count neighborhoods to the fact that the census form only has space for complete demographic information on six household members. The fact that children are the age group missed most often in the Decennial Census comes as a surprise to many people, even those who have closely followed census issues. Despite the long-standing problem of children being missed in the Decennial Census, little has been done to examine this issue. Missed children might be referred to as the "overlooked undercount" because the undercount of children has been a persistent problem that has been given relatively little attention over time. The high undercount of children challenges the image that the undercount is made up mostly of young adults and people who dodge the census-takers for nefarious reasons. Unlike adults, who may bear some responsibility for making sure they are counted in the census, children are dependent on others to make sure they are included. Yet in 1980, 1990, and 2000, Census Bureau data show children, particularly young children, are one of the groups most likely to be missed in the census. This publication provides some background and information on the undercount of children, describes some theories about why children are missed in the census, and outlines a few ideas for reaching the parents of young children with a message about the importance of being counted in the census. (Contains 2 figures, 1 box, 10 tables and 37 endnotes.)

Published
2009

8. An Corpas Cliste: Creating a Learner Corpus for Irish from a New, Purpose-Built iCALL Platform

Author

Chiaráin, Neasa Ní

Abstract

"An Corpas Cliste" ('Clever Corpus') is an Irish language learner corpus. The corpus data comes from a purpose-built intelligent Computer Assisted Language Learning (iCALL) platform called "An Scéalaí" ('the Storyteller') and comprises both audio and text, produced by second and third level learners of Irish. Metadata (e.g. L1, level of Irish, dialect preference, age) is saved with every learner account, along with data on platform engagement (e.g. speech/language technologies employed, time spent on task). This paper illustrates how "An Corpas Cliste" is structured and is being prepared for analysis and the methodologies and resources that are being used to exploit it with a view to enhancing the learning experience. [For the complete volume, "Intelligent CALL, Granular Systems and Learner Data: Short Papers from EUROCALL 2022 (30th, Reykjavik, Iceland, August 17-19, 2022)," see ED624779.]

Published
2022

10. Impact of the Older Student on Undergraduate Enrollment. SAIR Conference Paper.

Author

Kayla, Carol A.

Abstract

Enrollment and retention trends during 1977-1981 for undergraduate nontraditional (age 25 and older) students at West Virginia University (WVU) were studied. During the 5-year period, the number of nontraditional undergraduates increased over 23 percent, while total undergraduate enrollment remained relatively stable. Nationally, females represent the majority of adult students, but there was a slight majority of males at WVU. However, the number of older female students increased dramatically since 1977. Although nationally about 72 percent of the students 25 years old and older are part-time, the majority of WVU nontraditional students have been full-time and over 70 percent have been enrolled in degree programs as opposed to specialized majors. Retention of nontraditional freshmen was slightly over 50 percent after 1 year and 35 percent after 2 years. Retention rates were slightly higher for sophomores and juniors. The graduation rate in 4 years was low for nontraditional students; however, it appears that about 50-76 percent of sophomores, juniors, and seniors graduate by 5-6 years after entry. It is concluded that the majority of adult students are degree-oriented. (SW)

Published
1982

11. Aging and Faculty Distribution of Their Work Effort. ASHE 1986 Annual Meeting Paper.

Author

Lawrence, Janet H. and Blackburn, Robert T.

Abstract

The relative impact of the aging process, pervasive changes in higher education, and career socialization experiences on college faculty members' distributions of work effort was studied. Secondary analyses were completed on the following surveys: the Carnegie Commission on Higher Education Survey (1969) and the Survey of the American Professoriate (1975 and 1977). The sample consisted of white males with appointments in humanities, social science, and natural science departments at Carnegie I institutions. Influences on faculty role performance were determined by testing 11 propositions concerning the changes that could be attributed to age, cohort socialization, environment, and life course. Areas of study included: mean hours devoted to instruction at each time of data collection; measures of service to the department and university; age-related changes in interest that might account for faculty role performance; the effect of socialization experiences (e.g., graduate education, promotion) on the behavior of faculty of the same career age who are evaluated at different times; the effect of the recency of appointment on preference for research and acquisition of grant support; and the effect of tenure and rank on research interest and funding acquisition. (SW)

Published
1986

12. METHOD ORIENTATION OF ADULTS FOR PARTICIPATION IN EDUCATIVE ACTIVITIES. PAPER PRESENTED AT THE NATIONAL SEMINAR ON ADULT EDUCATION RESEARCH (CHICAGO, FEBRUARY 11-13, 1968).

Author

BLACKBURN, DONALD J. and DOUGLAH, MOHAMMAD A.

Abstract

THIS STUDY WAS UNDERTAKEN TO DETERMINE THE METHOD ORIENTATION OF ADULTS (SPECIFICALLY, 611 RESIDENTS OF PREDOMINANTLY RURAL COLUMBIA COUNTY, WISCONSIN) FOR PARTICIPATION IN EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES IN VOCATIONAL EDUCATION, HOBBIES AND RECREATION, ACADEMIC OR GENERAL EDUCATION, RELIGION, MORALS AND ETHICS, HOME AND FAMILY LIFE, PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT, CURRENT EVENTS, PUBLIC AFFAIRS, AND CITIZENSHIP. GROUP ORIENTED METHODS INCLUDED CLASSES, DISCUSSION GROUPS, SHORT COURSE OR LECTURE SERIES, AND WORKSHOPS OR INSTITUTES. INDIVIDUAL METHODS INCLUDED TAKING CORRESPONDENCE COURSES, STUDYING BOOKS OR OTHER PRINTED MATTER, CONSULTING EXPERTS OR SPECIALISTS, READING NEWSPAPERS AND MAGAZINES, AND WATCHING TELEVISION AT HOME. CERTAIN SOCIOECONOMIC AND PSYCHOLOGICAL BACKGROUND FACTORS WERE ALSO CONSIDERED. FOR THE MAJORITY OF THE SUBJECT AREAS, GROUP METHODS WERE PREFERRED BY THE MAJORITY OF ADULTS. WITHIN SUBJECT AREAS, ADULTS PREFERRING INDIVIDUAL METHODS WERE MORE LIKELY TO BE OLDER, WITH RELATIVELY LOW EDUCATIONAL LEVELS AND FAMILY INCOMES, WITH THE HIGHEST PROPORTION OF INDIVIDUAL ORIENTATION APPEARING AMONG WOMEN WITH EIGHT YEARS OR LESS OF SCHOOLING. (THE DOCUMENT INCLUDES FOOTNOTES AND FIVE TABLES.) THIS PAPER WAS PRESENTED AT THE NATIONAL SEMINAR ON ADULT EDUCATION RESEARCH, CHICAGO, FEBRUARY 11-13, 1968. (LY)

Published
1968

13. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DOGMATISM AND PERFORMANCE AS MEASURES OF PROBLEM-SOLVING ABILITY AMONG PROFESSIONAL ADULT EDUCATORS (COUNTY EXTENSION AGENTS). PAPER PRESENTED AT THE NATIONAL SEMINAR ON ADULT EDUCATION RESEARCH (CHICAGO, 1968).

Author

CARTER, G.L and FUNK, C. DENNIS

Abstract

TO DETERMINE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DOGMATISM AND PERFORMANCE AS MEASURES OF PROBLEM SOLVING ABILITY IN EXTENSION AGENTS, A STUDY WAS MADE OF 486 AGENTS AND 23 SUPERVISORS IN FIVE STATES. AGENTS RESPONDED TO MAILED QUESTIONNAIRES AND THEIR SUPERVISORS RETURNED PERFORMANCE RATINGS. THE DEGREE OF OPEN-MINDEDNESS WAS MEASURED ON THE ROKEACH DOGMATISM SCALE AND PERFORMANCE SCORES WERE MEASURED BY RATINGS BY THE SUPERVISORS USING THE LAWSHE KEPHART PERSONNEL COMPARISON SYSTEM. AN INVERSE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEVEL OF DOGMATISM AND PERFORMANCE WAS INDICATED. IT WAS MOST STRONGLY ASSOCIATED WITH MIDDLE AGED AGENTS, AND THOSE WITH LESS THAN A MASTER'S DEGREE. A SLIGHT POSITIVE RELATIONSHIP WAS SHOWN BETWEEN AGE AND DOGMATISM, AND A STRONG NEGATIVE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN LEVEL OF EDUCATION AND DOGMATISM. ANALYSIS ALSO SUGGESTED THAT AGENTS LOW IN DOGMATISM WERE RATED HIGHER IN PERFORMANCE THAN AGENTS HIGH IN DOGMATISM REGARDLESS OF THE DEGREE OF DOGMATISM OF THE SUPERVISOR. THIS PAPER WAS PRESENTED AT THE NATIONAL SEMINAR ON ADULT EDUCATION RESEARCH, CHICAGO, FEBRUARY 11-13, 1968. (RT)

Published
1968

14. SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL PREDICTORS OF INFORMATION SEEKING AND MEDIA USE, A MULTIVARIATE RE-ANALYSIS. REPORT. PAPER PRESENTED AT THE NATIONAL SEMINAR ON ADULT EDUCATION RESEARCH (CHICAGO, FEBRUARY 11-13, 1968).

Author

Stanford Univ., CA. Inst. for Communication Research., PAISLEY, WILLIAM J., and REES, MATILDA B.

Abstract

USING DATA FROM A STANFORD UNIVERSITY STUDY IN FRESNO, CALIFORNIA, A MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS WAS MADE OF 25 MEDIA USE AND INFORMATION SEEKING BEHAVIORS. SEVEN SOCIAL-PERSONAL AND THREE PSYCHOLOGICAL VARIABLES WERE ALSO CONSIDERED. YOUNGER ADULTS WERE MOST LIKELY TO PARTICIPATE IN ADULT EDUCATION, ESPECIALLY VOCATIONAL COURSES AND EVENING CLASSES AND USE RADIO FOR MUSIC AND ENTERTAINMENT. OLDER ADULTS WERE THE ONES MOST LIKELY TO READ "READERS' DIGEST" AND RELY ON RADIO FOR INFORMATION. READING OF FICTION BOOKS AND OF DOMESTIC AND FASHION MAGAZINES (WOMEN), AND PARTICIPATION IN ARTS AND CRAFTS COURSES (MEN) AND LIBERAL ARTS (WOMEN) WERE BEST PREDICTED BY SEX. EDUCATION CORRELATED WITH READING OF BOOKS, NEWS MAGAZINES, AND PERIODICALS IN GENERAL AND WITH RECENT PUBLIC LIBRARY USE. INCOME AND EDUCATION WERE STRONG PREDICTORS OF NEWSPAPER USE. RECEPTIVITY TO NEW EDUCATIONAL MEDIA PREDICTED THE USE OF REFERENCE BOOKS, IMPERSONAL INFORMATION SEEKING, AND INDEPENDENT STUDY. MEMBERSHIP IN ORGANIZATIONS CORRELATED CLOSELY WITH INTERPERSONAL INFORMATION SEEKING, AND THE PERCEPTION OF PRACTICAL INFORMATION IN MEDIA WAS RELATED TO USE OF "LIFE" MAGAZINE, SERIOUS TELEVISION PROGRAMS, AND SPECIFIC INFORMATION SEEKING. ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION CORRELATED WITH NONFICTION READING. IMPLICATIONS AND ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES WERE SUGGESTED. INCLUDED ARE 52 TABLES AND FIGURES AND 28 REFERENCES. THIS PAPER WAS PRESENTED AT THE NATIONAL SEMINAR ON ADULT EDUCATION RESEARCH, CHICAGO, FEBRUARY 11-13, 1968. (LY)

Published
1967

15. Population and Enrollment Trends: 1985-2000. The Third in a Series of Background Papers for the Commission's Long-Range Planning Project. A Prospectus for California Postsecondary Education, 1985-2000. Commission Report 85-16.

Author

California State Postsecondary Education Commission, Sacramento.

Abstract

Demographic factors that will determine enrollment potential and service needs for California's segments of postsecondary education over the next 15 years are examined. Attention is directed to total population, age distribution, race composition, geographic distribution, and socioeconomic status. To provide some indication of changes that might occur in postsecondary education, information is provided on shifts in the composition and the progression of grade cohorts through the school system from kindergarten to high school graduation. Recent trends in college and university enrollments in the United States and California are reviewed to identify dimensions of participation that will most strongly affect future enrollment potential. Included are differences in participation for California's counties and eight metropolitan regions. Differences in participation for the University of California, California State University, and the community colleges are also identified with a focus on ethnic composition, age distribution, family income, and parental educational attainment. The California Postsecondary Education Commission's computer-based model for simulating the effects on enrollment potential of various potential changes in demographics is also described. (SW)

Published
1985

16. Student Enrolments in Higher Education in Western Australia: Some Observations on Trends over the Period 1973 to 1983. A Discussion Paper.

Author

Western Australia Post Secondary Education Commission, Nedlands. and Stuart, Janette

Abstract

College enrollment trends were examined with attention to participation of women and youth, part- and full-time study, and qualifications of entering students. Findings include the following: in 1973 there was only one university in Western Australia, and the colleges sector consisted of five teacher training institutions and one institute of technology; in 1983 the colleges had amalgamated into one multi-campus college of advanced education and another university had been founded, making a total of four institutions in higher education; student enrollments increased by 65 percent; in 1973, 55 percent of university students were in the 17-21 age group, but by 1983 only 47 percent were in this age group; part-time enrollment in the college sector increased from 41 percent to 56 percent during the decade, while the percentage (38%) of part-time students in the university sector remained about the same; and part-time enrollment by women has increased notably. Data for the 1973-1983 period are provided on: enrollments by 17-21 year olds by sector and sex; male students as a proportion of total enrollments by sector and institution; part-time enrollments by sector and institution; full- and part-time enrollments; and the numbers of students beginning college directly from school. (SW)

Published
1983

17. Growth in Higher Education Enrollment: 1978 to 1985. Issue Paper.

Author

Center for Education Statistics (ED/OERI), Washington, DC. and Kaufman, Phillip

Abstract

Factors that have contributed to the increase in college enrollment since 1978 and the possible impact of these factors on future college enrollments were analyzed using data from the Higher Education General Information Survey and the Current Population Survey. During 1978-1984, enrollment increased despite declines in the 18- to 24-year-old population. While the major factor in the enrollment increases since 1978 has been higher enrollment rates for 18- to 24-year-olds, another factor has been increased enrollment by women, particularly those 25 years old and older. Implications for the future include the fact that enrollment rates for women 25 years old and older may decline as more women attend college prior to the age of 25. In addition, the enrollment rate for 18- to 24-year-olds may decline as higher proportions of college-age persons come from groups with traditionally lower college-going rates. Therefore, while enrollments have remained high in the early 1980s, a decline in the late 1980s and the early 1990s may occur. Trends in enrollment are reported by gender, age, age by gender, and race/ethnicity (White, Black, and Hispanic). Information on college enrollment estimation and the reliability of estimates is appended. (SW)

Published
1987

18. POSITION PAPER ON MIDDLE SCHOOL.

Author

RANKIN, HAROLD J.

Abstract

IN 1963, THE JAMESVILLE-DEWITT BOARD OF EDUCATION ORDERED THE INVESTIGATION OF VARIOUS SCHOOL ORGANIZATION PROGRAMS TO DETERMINE WHICH PROGRAM OFFERED THE BEST OPPORTUNITY FOR STUDENT GROWTH. THE INVESTIGATION CONCLUDED THAT A MIDDLE SCHOOL ORGANIZATION (5-4-3 GRADE DIVISION) WOULD MORE EFFICIENTLY FULFILL STUDENT GROWTH NEEDS. SIXTH-GRADE STUDENTS BEGIN A NEW ADOLESCENT CYCLE AND REQUIRE SPECIALIZED FACILITIES, INDIVIDUALIZED PROGRAMS, AND MASTER TEACHERS (TRAINED IN TEACHING METHODOLOGY AND PARTICULAR DISCIPLINES) WHICH MIDDLE SCHOOLS CAN OFFER. THE MIDDLE SCHOOL PLACES GRADES 6 AND 9 IN MORE NATURAL SETTINGS AND ALLOWS FOR EASIER SOCIOLOGICAL ADJUSTMENTS. ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGES MEAN LITTLE, HOWEVER, WITHOUT FACILITY AND CURRICULUM CHANGE. CONSEQUENTLY, A CURRICULUM COUNCIL RECOMMENDED THAT EACH MIDDLE SCHOOL CONSIST OF 3 SUBSCHOOLS OF APPROXIMATELY 325-350 PUPILS, WITH AN ORGANIZATION FOR DEALING WITH INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS. THE MIDDLE SCHOOL CURRICULUM SEEKS TO AVOID THE REGIMENTATION OF GRADE SCHOOL AND THE PRESSURES OF HIGH SCHOOL AND TO PROVIDE FLEXIBILITY FOR INDIVIDUAL DEVELOPMENT. MASTER TEACHERS AND EFFICIENT GUIDANCE PROGRAMS FURNISH THE KEY TO ACADEMIC, SOCIAL, AND EMOTIONAL STUDENT DEVELOPMENT IN GRADES 6, 7, AND 8. INCLUDED IN THE DOCUMENT IS A RECENT TEXAS STUDY OF 7-8, 7-8-9, AND 6-7-8 GRADE PLANS LISTING THE STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS OF EACH. (GB)

Published
1966

19. Success, Redefined: How Nondegree Pathways Empower Youth to Chart Their Own Course to Confidence, Employability, and Financial Freedom

Author

JFF (Jobs for the Future)

Abstract

Today's young adults want and need a diverse array of education options, including, but not limited to, two- and four-year degrees to help them connect learning with earning. Young people and employers alike are eager for effective, efficient, work-aligned pathways to employment that enable people not just to say, "I know a lot, and here's the paper to prove it," but instead, "Let me show you what I can do with what I know." We surveyed over a thousand young adults who are not pursuing a four-year degree. Around half of our survey respondents have chosen to pursue nondegree, education-to-career pathways such as apprenticeship, certification, and licensure. The other half of our respondents have chosen not to pursue any postsecondary education. Our goal is to better understand the motivations, circumstances, influencers, priorities, and satisfaction level of today's "non-college youth" to ensure that emerging generations of students have access to accurate information about the many viable pathways that exist and how they might pursue them. [This report was collaborated with American Student Assistance.]

Published
2024

20. Journey of Reshaping the Meaning of Work as an Underemployed Woman: Cases of Korean Millennial Women

Author

Park, Jiyea

Abstract

This paper reports the results of a qualitative study based on the feminist perspective and qualitative feminist interviews. Before their interviews, the 10 participants wanted to share their negative experiences of underemployment; however, deep conversations revealed that while their stories were negative, they were also positive. Through the interviews, participants disclosed what motivated them to continue their careers despite the onus of gender-specific job segregation in the Korean job market that is biased against Korean Millennial women. As they were sharing their experiences, the participants had an A-Ha! moment that reshaped their definitions of the meaning of work. These findings have important implications for policy decisions regarding women's career development education and adult education programs for overqualified women in the workplace. [For the full proceedings, see ED631897.]

Published
2022

21. Investigating Aging Characteristics of Oil-Immersed Power Transformers' Insulation in Electrical–Thermal–Mechanical Combined Conditions.

Author

Yuan, Zonghui, Wang, Qian, Ren, Zhigang, Lv, Fangcheng, Xie, Qin, Geng, Jianghai, Zhu, Jianhao, and Teng, Fuyun

Subjects
TRANSFORMER insulation, POWER transformers, STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics), ELECTROSTATIC fields, AGE groups, PARTIAL discharges
Abstract

The condition and health of large oil-immersed power transformers' insulation have a direct impact on the safety and stability of the power grid. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the aging characteristics of oil–paper insulation in power transformers. In this study, we developed a computational model for reclosing current calculation and multiphysics coupling models for magnetic-circuit-force, electrostatic field, and temperature field simulations. The calculated aging resulted in a mechanical stress of 8.71 MPa, an electric field strength of 2.26 × 106 V/m, and a temperature of 113.7 °C. We conducted combined electrical–thermal–mechanical aging tests on the oil–paper insulation and measured various insulating paper performance parameters at different aging stages. Our study revealed that both the mechanical and electrical properties of the insulating paper deteriorated in both aging groups. However, the changes were more pronounced in the electrical–thermal–mechanical aging group compared to the electrical–thermal aging group, indicating that mechanical stress accelerated the aging process of the insulating paper. In the early stages of aging, the rate of performance changes in the electrical–thermal aging group was similar to that in the electrical–thermal–mechanical aging group. However, as the aging time increased, the degradation of performance induced by mechanical aging became more significant. This suggests that the insulating paper's resistance to mechanical damage, specifically short-circuit resistance, noticeably decreased after prolonged aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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22. Financial Education in the Digitalization Era: A Bibliometric Analysis

Author

Feibry Feronika Wiwenly Senduk, Ery Tri Djatmika, Sri Umi Mintarti Widjaja, and Madziatul Churiyah

Abstract

In the era of digitalization, financial education is essential because it is one of the most critical skills a tech-savvy generation z can acquire. Seeing the rapid change in financial access from traditional to digital today, with bibliometric approach seeks to present how financial education is needed in digital finance. It is increasingly evolving so that Generation Z does not fall into digital traps such as credit and impulsive purchases. Based on the Scopus database, 137 documents have been published from 1999 to 2022. Journals, authors, countries, articles, themes, and publication trends have been used to identify influential works, describe financial education in the era of digitalization, and identify gaps. The United States is the leading producing country with 69 documents and is also the most in citations. In addition, bibliometric analysis shows that the journal of financial counseling is the most productive journal researchers often go to on financial education; next, there is Journal of Consumer Affair. Of the 332 keywords used in the document, financial literacy, financial knowledge, and financial behavior are often identified. Recent themes identified in the last three years include financial inclusion, digital finance, and financial technology. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the state of research on financial education in digital finance for generation z in the transition period to lead to financial well-being. The results are particularly relevant for children studying financial education, given the rising levels of credit and impulsive purchases for Generation Z in the digital financial age, which exposes individuals to fast financial services and requires informed decision-making. This study helps academic researchers know the core of financial education and identify relevant areas that need to be investigated in future research. [For the full proceedings, see ED654100.]

Published
2023

23. Exploring the Needs of Generation Z Adult Learners in College and in the Workplace

Author

Andrew Parzyck and Anne Brown

Abstract

This article presents the insights collected from an engaged interactive round table session, where participants came together to collaboratively brainstorm and deliberate upon best practices for effectively educating and mentoring Generation Z adult learners in both classroom and workplace settings. Drawing upon the extensive body of literature on Generation Z characteristics, the session served as a solid foundation for the discussion. At the heart of this roundtable was the central theme: the pivotal role of educators and mentors in guiding and supporting Generation Z individuals. By exploring strategies, challenges, and innovative approaches, this article offers a comprehensive overview of the multifaceted landscape of Generation Z education and mentoring, shedding light on key insights and actionable recommendations for educators and mentors. [For the full proceedings, see ED648717.]

Published
2023

24. c4c: Paediatric pharmacovigilance: Methodological considerations in research and development of medicines for children – A c4c expert group white paper.

Author

Aurich, Beate, Apele‐Freimane, Dina, Banaschewski, Tobias, Chouchana, Laurent, Day, Simon, Kaguelidou, Florentia, Kelly, Lauren E., Kindblom, Jenny M., Neubert, Antje, and Wong, Ian C. K.

Subjects
*CHILD development, *DRUG side effects, *CHILD patients, *PEDIATRICS, *ELECTRONIC health records, *RESEARCH & development, *AGE groups
Abstract

Children frequently respond differently to therapies compared to adults. Differences also exist between paediatric age groups for pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in both efficacy and safety. Paediatric pharmacovigilance requires an understanding of the unique aspects of children with regard to, for example, drug response, growth and development, clinical presentation of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), how they can be detected and population‐specific factors (e.g., more frequent use of off‐label/unlicensed drugs). In recognition of these challenges, a group of experts has been formed in the context of the conect4children (c4c) project to support paediatric drug development. This expert group collaborated to develop methodological considerations for paediatric drug safety and pharmacovigilance throughout the life‐cycle of medicinal products which are described in this article. These considerations include practical points to consider for the development of the paediatric section of the risk management plan (RMP), safety in paediatric protocol development, safety data collection and analysis. Furthermore, they describe the specific details of post‐marketing pharmacovigilance in children using, for example, spontaneous reports, electronic health care records, registries and record‐linkage, as well as the use of paediatric pharmacoepidemiology studies for risk characterisation. Next the details of the assessment of benefit–risk and challenges related to medicinal product formulation in the context of a Paediatric Investigation Plan (PIP) are presented. Finally, practical issues in paediatric signal detection and evaluation are included. This paper provides practical points to consider for paediatric pharmacovigilance throughout the life‐cycle of medicinal products for RMPs, protocol development, safety data collection and analysis and PIPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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25. Path towards efficient paediatric formulation development based on partnering with clinical pharmacologists and clinicians, a conect4children expert group white paper.

Author

Walsh, Jennifer, Schaufelberger, Daniel, Iurian, Sonia, Klein, Sandra, Batchelor, Hannah, Turner, Roy, Gizurarson, Sveinbjörn, Boltri, Luigi, Alessandrini, Elisa, and Tuleu, Catherine

Subjects
*PHARMACOLOGISTS, *CHILD patients, *PEDIATRICS, *MEDICAL personnel, *AGE groups, *DECISION making in children, *DECISION making
Abstract

Improved global access to novel age‐appropriate formulations for paediatric subsets, either of new chemical entities or existing drugs, is a priority to ensure that medicines meet the needs of these patients. However, despite regulatory incentives, the introduction to the market of paediatric formulations still lags behind adult products. This is mainly caused by additional complexities associated with the development of acceptable age‐appropriate paediatric medicines. This position paper recommends the use of a paediatric Quality Target Product Profile as an efficient tool to facilitate early planning and decision making across all teams involved in paediatric formulation development during the children‐centric formulation design for new chemical entities, or to repurpose/reformulate off‐patent drugs. Essential key attributes of a paediatric formulation are suggested and described. Moreover, greater collaboration between formulation experts and clinical colleagues, including healthcare professionals, is advocated to lead to safe and effective, age‐appropriate medicinal products. Acceptability testing should be a secondary endpoint in paediatric clinical trials to ensure postmarketing adherence is not compromised by a lack of acceptability. Not knowing the indications and the related age groups and potential dosing regimens early enough is still a major hurdle for efficient paediatric formulation development; however, the proposed paediatric Quality Target Product Profile could be a valuable collaborative tool for planning and decision making to expedite paediatric product development, particularly for those with limited experience in developing a paediatric product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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34. Dataset on specifications, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk of volatile organic compounds during recycling paper and cardboard

Author

Armin Sorooshian, Abbas Norouzian Baghani, Mina Aghaei, Ramin Nabizadeh, Somayeh Golbaz, and Mahdieh Delikhoon

Subjects
Municipal solid waste, Paper and cardboard recycling, Non carcinogenic risk, lcsh:Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, Inhalation lifetime cancer risk, 03 medical and health sciences, Hazard quotient, 0302 clinical medicine, Age groups, Volatile organic compound, lcsh:Science (General), 030304 developmental biology, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, cardboard, VOCs, Exposure indices, chemistry, visual_art, Environmental chemistry, Environmental Science, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Environmental science, lcsh:R858-859.7, Cancer risk, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, lcsh:Q1-390
Abstract

Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were studied during paper and cardboard recycling from a paper and cardboard solid waste recycling factory (PCSWRF). Data are summarized in this article for the following quantities for a PCSWRF during the winter in Tehran, Iran: VOC concentrations (μg m−3), the percentage of detected VOCs, exposure indices (Ei) of individual and total VOCs (TVOCs), inhalation lifetime cancer risk (LTCR) of VOCs, the hazard quotient (HQ) of VOCs, sensitivity analysis (SA) for VOC exposure in different age groups (birth to

Published
2020

35. The management of unanticipated difficult airways in children of all age groups in anaesthetic practice - the position paper of an expert panel

Author

Zenon Halaba, Dawid Aleksandrowicz, Marek Migdał, Tomasz Gaszyński, Wojciech Walas, Andrzej Piotrowski, Ewa Helwich, Grażyna Siejka, Maria K Kornacka, Alicja Bartkowska-Śniatkowska, and Tomasz Szczapa

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Critical Care, medicine.medical_treatment, Difficult intubation, Guideline, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Neonate, Age groups, 030202 anesthesiology, Anesthesiology, Intensive care, Medicine, Intubation, Hypoxic brain injury, Humans, Airway Management, Intensive care medicine, Child, Hypoxia, Difficult airway, Societies, Medical, Unanticipated difficult airway, business.industry, lcsh:Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, Infant, lcsh:RC86-88.9, Emergency situations, Emergency Medicine, Position paper, Child and adolescent, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Algorithms
Abstract

Children form a specific group of patients, as there are significant differences between children and adults in both anatomy and physiology. Difficult airway may be unanticipated or anticipated. Difficulties encountered during intubation may cause hypoxia, hypoxic brain injury and, in extreme situations, may result in the patient’s death. There are few paediatric difficult-airway guidelines available in the current literature, and some of these have significant limitations. This position paper, intended for unanticipated difficult airway, was elaborated by the panel of specialists representing the Polish Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care as well as the Polish Neonatal Society. It covers both elective intubation and emergency situations in children in all age groups. An integral part of the paper is an algorithm. The paper describes in detail all stages of the algorithm considering some modification in specific age groups, i.e. neonates.

Published
2019

36. Research Paper: Providing an Appropriate Prediction Model for Traffic Accidents: A Case Study on Accidents in Golestan, Mazandaran, Guilan, and Ardebil Provinces.

Author

Omidi, Mohammad Reza, Eskandari, Meysam Jafari, Raissi, Sadigh, and Shojaei, Amir Abbas

Subjects
BOX-Jenkins forecasting, TRAFFIC accidents, PREDICTION models, AGE groups
Abstract

Background: Road traffic accidents in Iran are a critical issue that hinders economic development and one of the main threats to the health and safety of people in the community. The statistics indicate that after cardiovascular diseases, traffic accidents are the second leading cause of death in different age groups, which reflects the necessity of prediction in this area. Materials and Methods: The present study investigated the data of the traffic-accident injured people between April 2009 and March 2012 in Golestan, Mazandaran, Guilan, and Ardebil provinces, presented to forensic medicine. We used the Box-Jenkins method as one of the most advanced methods in prediction and future studies in the field of health systems, to estimate the number of injuries by province, for the years 2016 to 2019. Results: The obtained results suggested the appropriate time series patterns for predicting injured people in Golestan Province with Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) (4, 2, 4), Mazandaran Province with ARIMA (3, 1, 5), Guilan Province with ARIMA (3, 1, 4), and Ardabil Province with ARIMA (5, 1, 2). Furthermore, the mean percentages of absolute error for different provinces were as follows: Golestan Province, 0.114; Mazandaran Province, 0.064; Guilan Province, 0.078; and Ardabil Province, 0.1250. These data demonstrate the high precision of the Box-Jenkins method in predicting the number of traffic-accident injured people, especially in Mazandaran and Guilan provinces. Estimated values for 2016 to 2019 indicate that the road traffic injuries are increasing in Golestan Province and decreasing in Mazandaran, Guilan, and Ardebil provinces. Conclusion: The high precision of the Box--Jenkins method makes it an appropriate way for experts and authorities to predict traffic accident injuries in Golestan, Guilan, Mazandaran, and Ardebil provinces. The reduced number of casualties in Mazandaran, Guilan, and Ardebil indicate a progressive improvement in the transportation system conduct in these provinces. Moreover, Golestan Province is moving towards an increase in traffic accidents, requiring replanning to reduce accidents there. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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37. Declining Enrollment in Catholic Schools in the West and Insights from the United States

Author

Wodon, Quentin

Abstract

While enrollment in Catholic schools is rising in the global south, it is declining in many Western countries. Providing a quality and holistic education experience remains essential in both developed and developing countries, especially for disadvantaged groups. But in addition, in developed countries, trade-offs may have to be confronted to stem the decline in enrollment that affects the financial sustainability of schools. Building on a presentation made at the closing plenary of OIEC's World Congress in New York, this paper focuses on the United States where enrollment in Catholic schools has been dropping for more than 50 years. In the absence of state support for Catholic schools and in a context of rising operating costs and therefore tuition, the decline in enrollment is due in part to a lack of affordability of schools given high out-of-pocket costs paid by parents. But other factors related to perceptions about Catholic schools also play a role. To stem the decline in enrollment, market research can help, including to assess how favorably Catholic and other types of schools are perceived in the population. The paper relies on data collected for the National Catholic Education Association to compare favorability ratings by type of schools and assess factors associated with these perceptions.

Published
2021

38. Investigation of Career Adaptability of Teachers Working in Special Education Schools

Author

Kulbas, Erdi and Kara, Ahmet

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to investigate the career adaptability of Turkish teachers working in special education schools in terms of psychological well-being and job satisfaction. The study group consist of 214 Turkish teachers working in the special education training in Istanbul. Personal Information Form, Career Adaptability Scale, Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire and Psychological Well-Being Scale were collected in the study. In the analysis of the findings obtained in the study, multiple regression analysis, t-test and ANOVA techniques were used. When the research findings are examined, female Turkish teachers working in special education schools have higher career adaptability than male Turkish teachers. Besides, Turkish teachers in the age range of 36-40 have more career adaptability than other age groups. According to the results of the research, job satisfaction and psychological well-being are important variables explaining career adaptability of Turkish teachers working in special education schools. [This study was presented as an oral presentation at II. International Academic Research Congress.]

Published
2021

39. M-Learning in Higher Education: Technology Ownership and Common Attributes among Millennials in South Africa

Author

Ramchurn, Chama Devi, Roodt, Sumarie, and Mulaji, Sarah

Abstract

This research investigates the mobile technology ownership concerning M-learning and identifies Tapscott's (2009) common traits of Millennials in a South African context. Technology growth and adoption is impacting the education sector by changing teaching and learning through an innovative form of learning commonly known as M-learning. Along with the growth in adoption of technology, students learning profiles have also changed over time, evolving toward another generation of learners referred to as Millennials. A total of 103 Millennial student respondents in a higher education institution in South Africa were surveyed to collect primary data and descriptive statistics were used to summarize the results according to which the entire sample population owned at least one type of mobile devices. The findings also indicated that technology acquaintance and innovation are the most relatable attributes shared among Millennials. [For the full proceedings, see ED622227.]

Published
2021

40. A Comparison of Multi-Age and Homogeneous Age Grouping in Early Childhood Centers.

Author

ERIC Clearinghouse on Elementary and Early Childhood Education, Urbana, IL. and Freedman, Paula

Abstract

Studies from several countries are described in this review of literature pertinent to assigning day care children to multi-age or homogeneous age groups. Three issues are discussed in this regard: (1) What difference does it make how one groups children? The answer is that a profound difference to children, staff, and parents may occur in terms of social environment, curriculum design, success at school, and other factors. (2) What aspects of the child's development are affected by age grouping? The answer is that multi-age grouping positively influences social, emotional, and some learning outcomes, whereas homogeneous grouping seems to produce mastery of academic skills. Success of particular grouping choices depends on the end desired and on the skills of staff members. (3) How does age grouping affect the achievement of preschool goals? The answer to this question ultimately can be provided only by a center's staff and the families being served. Because research is still being conducted on the effects of grouping children under 6 years of age, the decision to place children in multi-age or homogeneous groups depends on program goals, client characteristics, center resources, and staff training and inclinations. (Author/DB)

Published
1981

41. Industry 4.0 Diagnosis from an iMillennial Educational Perspective

Author

Cotet, Gabriela Beatrice, Carutasu, Nicoleta Luminita, and Chiscop, Florina

Abstract

Although the new economic paradigm is based on the rapid evolution of technology, it is not clear if this evolution is only dependent on a spectacular transformation of human resources or if the evolution of human resources has imposed major changes at a technical level as well. The main focus of this paper is to identify how to cope with these new technologies as educational actors, using a diagnosis of contemporary generation characteristics. The fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) imposes a rapid evolution (or revolution) of the human resources paradigm in engineering: iMillennials should adapt to that paradigm, and the paradigm should be adapted to them. The research objectives were to identify some relevant characteristics of iMillennials' technological background and to create a map of the abilities of this generation as required by the evolution of new technologies. For a batch of students with a technical background, two psychological inventories that describe emotional intelligence and motivation acquisition were applied. Each inventory used focuses on certain features that describe motivational achievement (AMI) or emotional intelligence (EQ-I). Besides the motivational features, the AMI questionnaire also refers to socio-emotional abilities. A correlation between the parameters of the two inventories occurred. Three correlated parameters (assertiveness, reality testing, and commitment) were identified. Based on these results, a constellation map of soft skills was designed to match characteristic features of iMillennials with necessary competencies for an Industry 4.0 environment. Furthermore, this paper proposes a tool for educational actors to cope with these transformations based on the new technologies of Industry 4.0 and the characteristics of the iMillennials generation.

Published
2020

42. Strategies of Authenticity

Author

Mayo, Cris

Abstract

In her thoughtful examination of the complexities of identity in the article "Political and Metaphysical: Reflections on Identity, Education, and Justice" (EJ1277341), Lauren Bialystok provides a full and incisive vocabulary for thinking through the tensions among authentic, political, and social recognition-requiring aspects of identity. It is a welcome article, adeptly bridging the concerns of those who find identity claims hopelessly contradictory and the concerns of those whose lives are circumscribed by misrecognitions. In this article, the author will address what is seen as strategic and complex forms of authenticity. This article is meant to continue the conversation, not contest Bialystok's excellent points.

Published
2020

43. Problem Solving in Technology-Rich Environments, Adult Education and Training, and Income: An International Comparison Using PIAAC Data

Author

Nwakasi, Candidus C., Cummins, Phyllis A., Mehri, Nader, Zhang, Jing, and Yamashita, Takashi

Abstract

The high dependence on technology for economic activities in developed countries stresses the importance of lifelong learning in order to equip adult workers with the skills required to perform work related tasks, and also increase labor force participation. We use data from the 2012/2014 Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) to examine relationships among problem solving skills in technology-rich environments (PSTRE), participation in adult education and training (AET), and income in Australia, Finland, Japan (high PSTRE scoring countries), Chile, Greece (low PSTRE scoring countries), Ireland, Estonia, and the United States (similarly scoring countries). Although PIAAC measured literacy, numeracy, and PSTRE skills, our research focus is on PSTRE because of its emphasis on problem-solving skills and critical thinking. These skills are undoubtedly important in any global economy currently experiencing rapid technological transformation. In four of five age groups, Japan had the highest PSTRE scores. With the exception of Greece, PIAAC respondents in the oldest age group had lower PSTRE scores than younger age groups. Men had higher PSTRE scores than women in all countries except Australia and Greece. Overall, those with higher PSTRE scores were more likely to participate in AET but there were variations by age, income, and education categories. Greater PSTRE scores were associated with higher hourly wages in the U.S. Australia and Estonia whereas no significant association was observed in other countries. With limited availability of data, females benefited financially from higher PSTRE scores more than males in the U.S., Finland, Ireland and Japan.

Published
2019

44. Coding in Preschool Science and Mathematics Teaching: Analysis of Scratch Projects of Undergraduate Students

Author

Karakaya Cirit, Didem

Abstract

This paper analyzed Scratch projects developed by undergraduate students. The sample consisted of 22 child development students (18 women and four men) in the 2018-2019 academic year. The study adopted an action research design within the scope of a course titled "Teaching Science and Mathematics in Preschool Education." The research was conducted within 14 weeks. In the first four weeks, we provided participants with training on why and how to use Scratch in science and mathematics teaching. In the following ten weeks, participants designed Scratch projects every week based on age groups, topics, and learning outcomes of their choice. Participants evaluated their projects themselves and also received feedback from peers and academics. Each participant designed ten Scratch projects (five for math and five for science). The data consisted of 220 Scratch projects and design logs. The study included a thematic content analysis. In the first weeks, participants knew little about the content of Scratch and used one or two characters and mostly control and look blocks. In the following weeks, they learned more about Scratch and used different blocks.

Published
2022

50. What We Can Learn from Intergenerational Collaboration in Research?

Author

Maslo, Irina

Abstract

The purpose of this biographical paper is to reflect generational changes in the landscape of educational sciences during the last 20 years. Rapid change within the educational science generations on the one hand, and in the gap between the research-generations has been observed in the last years at the international level. Despite this fact, the intergenerational collaborative research has had impact on carrier advancement of younger research generations. Therefore, this paper aims to find out the evidence on what we can learn in intergenerational research collaboration. The theoretical background of the current paper is based on the human collaboration concept in the form of transfer and transforming the best practice patterns and developing self-experience with new knowledge, skills, and attitudes (špona, 2018: 18). The ethnomethodology of ex-post-facto 'inner-dialogue' was chosen to find answers to the research question, targeted on reflecting on collaboration as social life impact on selected different researcher generation cases with the career advancement from school teacher to scientific institute director as a method of analysis of the human collaborative practice of perceiving people, places and events as "categories" of "collaboration," and to use these to explain collaborative actions. The evidence of scientific, social and practical impact of intergenerational collaboration, and the sustainability of collaborative research will be explained, based on experience with the excellent team of West-Timisoara University. Biographical intergenerational collaboration stories of three research generations have impacted research career advancement and will contribute to the international discussion on what we can learn from intergenerational collaboration in research.

Published
2019