Search

The present study concerns a practical approach to survey water sorption properties of ionic liquid ([EMIM]OAc) treated papers with and without chemical crosslinking. Ionic liquid (IL) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM]OAc) can be used to transform sulfate pulp paper to regenerated cellulose film-like material. The fusion process increases both the dry and wet strength of the paper, improves oxygen and grease barrier properties, and increases paper transparency. The transformation is brought about by dissolution of the surfaces of the cellulosic fibers followed by precipitation and fusion of the fiber surfaces. Treatment conditions can be adjusted to produce partial dissolution of the fibers resulting in paper-like materials with improved wet-strength, or to achieve substantial or full dissolution resulting in transparent, regenerated cellulose film-like materials. From the industrial feasibility point of view, understanding the water sorption properties of IL-treated paper and the process parameters to control it are crucial. Results show that the treatment makes the paper more sensitive to both liquid water and water vapor, the magnitude depending on the degree of fiber dissolution and restraint of sheet shrinking during the treatment. Decreased water absorption and improved sheet dimensional stability were achieved by use of chemical crosslinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article considers the impact of the book People's Law and State Law: the Bellagio Papers, edited by Anthony Allott and Gordon Woodman, published in 1985. It sets out why I consider this publication to be a seminal text in establishing and developing the field of legal pluralism, which had a great impact on both the development of the Journal of Legal Pluralism and on my own development as a young legal scholar. In looking beyond the text, I consider the ways in which scholars have engaged with the book's call for legal and social science to "work from a new map". In doing so I explore a recent arena of scholarship involving international intervention. The article highlights the important contribution that empirical studies can make to research on legal pluralism, by moving beyond the binaries of state and non-state actors, as well as through pursuing how scholars are adopting a more integrated and relational approach to law, one that may involve breaking down traditional disciplinary boundaries. In particular, I explore how concepts such as space and time contribute to a multi-dimensional, scalar perception of law at odds with a formalist, state-centred view of legal pluralism. This allows new insights to be generated into the operation of plural legal structures and constellations in which people operate allowing for a view of law that involves multiple networks of relations cutting across international, national and local boundaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fragrance allergens (FAs) have been widely used in wet wipes, diapers, sanitary napkins, and other paper personal care products. There are more than 1000 fragrance allergens that may be present in these products. However, their negative effects on human health and environment cannot be ignored. This work presented a headspace (HS) solid-phase microextraction (SPME) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for the determination of fragrance allergens in paper personal care products. The factors affecting the extraction efficiency were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). Under optimal conditions, the method provided good linearity (R-0.995) from 2.5x10-4 to 1.28x10-1mg with low limits of detection (LODs) between 1.9x10-2 and 6.0 mg/kg. Twenty paper personal care products were analyzed and 12 fragrance allergens were detected. The detection rate of benzyl alcohol was the highest (80%) with contents from 0.009 to 5.73mg/kg, followed by linalool (over 75%) with a content of 12.30mg/kg in makeup removing wipes. Additionally, a comparison for the determination of fragrance allergens by solid-liquid extraction-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (SLE-DLLME) and HS-SPME was reported. HS-SPME has been demonstrated to be a sensitive screening method for fragrance allergens in paper personal care products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The air-drying of resin impregnated paper sheets in industrial lines, formed by a serial array of furnaces, presents a high number of different controllable operational parameters whose adjustment, usually done by the maintenance staff, leads to non-efficient configurations. A model-based numerical tool, which predicts accurately in a few seconds the evolution of the paper temperature and paper grammage along the line for a given combination of the input operational parameters (direct design), was used coupled to an optimization tool to select appropriate operational parameters (inverse design) that ensure a drying process quality (i.e., fulfills an objective grammage profile) with a minimum of energy consumption. The numerical tool was capable of selecting suitable configurations with an energy reduction of up to 50% for several tested industrial cases, making the model an essential tool in the framework of the increasingly relevant role of digital twins in industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need for good quality paper for dye sublimation transfer printing has been reported previously as a principal requirement for the process. Pigmented coated papers have gained acceptance in the traditional paper printing industry, but, despite their importance, have inspired very few reports in literature about their application in heat transfer printing. In the current work, we studied the influence of both clay and ground calcium carbonate (GCC) pigments and the incorporation of plastic pigment on the surface structure and mechanical properties of the coated paper used for transfer printing. The results showed that paper coating significantly reduced the surface roughness of the paper. The mechanical properties of the prepared coated paper, including tensile strength, stretch, tensile energy absorption (TEA), and burst index, were improved when coated compared to those of uncoated paper. The addition of plastic pigment to the coating mixture helped improve the paper's properties. The optical density of the transfer-printed polyester fabric using the prepared coated paper was also compared with that of uncoated paper. It was shown that a slight increase in optical density was evident in the coated paper. The possibility of producing a second polyester print from the exhaust paper was also investigated. Coated paper incorporating plastic pigment, in particular, showed higher optical density than did uncoated paper. We found that coated paper based on clay, GCC, clay/plastic pigment, or GCC/plastic pigment consumed less dye paste than uncoated paper though producing printed fabric with higher optical density - especially in the second print. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Thinking Through China" by Jerusha McCormack and John G. Blair is a book that aims to provide a comprehensive and accessible overview of Chinese culture for a Western audience. The authors introduce ten key Chinese concepts and compare them to Western ideas, emphasizing the fundamental differences between the two without assigning superiority to either. The book is divided into three parts, with the first section introducing the concepts, the second section answering common Western questions using these concepts, and the third section challenging readers to rethink their understanding of the West. Through the exploration of historical examples and personal anecdotes, the authors provide context and illustrate the ideas they discuss. The book encourages readers to reconsider their assumptions about "universal" values and to appreciate the distinct and equally legitimate Chinese perspective. [Extracted from the article]

Chronic or refractory breathlessness adversely affects quality of life. Current treatment strategies for managing breathlessness are often inadequate in providing complete relief. Kinesiology taping is generally used in musculoskeletal practice for preventive and rehabilitative purposes. Recently, our attention was drawn to the plausible mechanism(s) and indication for use of kinesiology taping for managing chronic breathlessness. We present a brief review of the scientific rationale and efficacy of kinesiology taping for respiratory function-related outcomes. Through this publication, we hope to catalyse discussions amongst palliative care professionals and researchers on the potential use of kinesiology taping in the management of chronic breathlessness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I consider citations to one of the two messages and methodologies to be the most valuable citations, followed by citations that refer to the paper to refer to residential self-selection. Table 2 shows that 30% of the citations to the self-selection paper relate to the core message and the added value of the paper, and about 60% "only" to address the phenomenon of residential self-selection. But it is important to realise that not all citations address the core of a paper, and if they do not, such citations are less useful for measuring the impact of a paper. [Extracted from the article]

"A Liberal Chronicle in Peace and War: Journals and Papers of J.A. Pease, 1st Lord Gainford, 1911-1915" is a book edited by Cameron Hazlehurst and Christine Woodland. The book explores the life and political career of J.A. Pease, a largely forgotten figure who held key positions in Liberal governments during the early 20th century. The book delves into Pease's journals and correspondence, shedding light on his views on various issues such as women's suffrage, international tensions, and the First World War. It also provides insights into the political landscape of post-Edwardian England and features notable figures like Prime Minister H.H. Asquith and Chancellor of the Exchequer David Lloyd George. The book is a valuable resource for researchers interested in this period of history. [Extracted from the article]

The book "Western Ceramic Traditions: Prehistoric and Historic Native American Ceramics of the Western U.S." edited by Suzanne Griset explores the diversity of ceramic traditions and social identities reflected in pottery production in the far southwestern desert and coastal region of the U.S. The book features 11 chapters that critically examine traditional typologies of plainware pottery and explore new datasets for dating and identifying the composition of pottery. The volume provides important discussions on the sociocultural aspects of pottery technology and challenges the limitations of typological classification. The book is recommended for researchers working with plainware or other ceramic wares, although the technical ceramic data presented may be daunting for readers without an archaeological or ceramic analyst background. [Extracted from the article]

Barry Keith Grant's book, "100 American Horror Films," explores the enduring presence of the horror genre throughout film history. The book features a selection of one hundred American horror films spanning from the 1910s to 2019, including notable examples such as "Colour out of Space," "Midsommar," and "The Wind." Grant's introduction defines the genre as addressing universal fears while also responding to historically and culturally specific anxieties. Each film entry in the book provides a concise summary of the plot, credits, an image from the film, and insights into its significance within the horror genre and its historical-cultural context. While some readers may disagree with certain omissions, the book offers a comprehensive overview of American horror films. Additionally, Anne Billson's book, "The Thing," provides an authoritative analysis of the film's subversive and uncompromising approach to horror. Both books serve as valuable resources for those interested in exploring the genre further. [Extracted from the article]

In this way, songs became a particular trigger that invoked the Cultural Revolution generation's memories of the Cultural Revolution. Through specific stories drawn from oral history interviews, Ouyang demonstrates that emotional attachments which individuals developed to songs of the Cultural Revolution made revolutionary music beyond political propaganda. Music As Mao's Weapon: Remembering the Cultural Revolution: Lei X. Ouyang. [Extracted from the article]

Gao elaborates how Si-lan engaged in code-switching of her racial consciousness and identity depending upon changes in the international and domestic politics in China and in the United States. She explains how the PRC regime perceived, made, and remade the five cultural figures and underlines how Liu and Chen subtly adjusted their identities depending upon political dynamics and tensions. In chapter 3, Gao sheds light on Liu Liangmo, who popularized and translated Chinese militarist and folk music in cooperation with Paul Robeson and bound Christianity to the Communist China after 1949. [Extracted from the article]

Existing measurement techniques have prevented extensive investigations of the effect of dryer fabric structure on contact drying of paper. Using a novel optical measurement method, the moisture content (MC) of paper can be accurately quantified at high spatial and temporal resolution while it is sandwiched between the heater surface and the dryer fabric. To study the paper drying process, an experimental setup is designed to simulate realistic conditions of a typical paper dryer while providing optical access for the measurement system. Ten commercially available fabrics manufactured by weaving synthetic filaments are used in the investigations. The 3D structure of the fabrics is characterized using optical coherence tomography (OCT). The fabrics are used in the experiments to investigate the effects of the filament structure and paper/fabric contact on the drying process. It is shown the fabric structure affects the drying rate and the drying time. Fabrics that have a relatively large drying rate at high paper MC may have a relatively small drying rate at low levels of MC. The contact area and 3D arrangement of the filaments have the greatest impact on the drying process. Adjacent filaments result in larger blocked regions of the paper surface, which reduces the drying rate. The spatial distribution of moisture as a function of time reveals that frequent rewetted spots appear during the drying. These rewetting spots are caused by reabsorption of water condensed on the fabric filaments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The microstructure of fibrous paper plays an important role in its property investigation. In this study, an approach is proposed to extrapolate a 2D image into a virtual 3D microstructure. Five types of handsheets made of different pulps were prepared. Then, a hybrid function of two-point correlation and lineal-path function (S2&L2) and co-occurrence correlation functions (CCFs) was used in the simulated annealing reconstruction method. Thus, microstructures of two-phase fiber-pore handsheets were reconstructed using 2D scanning electron microscopy images. Finally, penetration simulations and calculations of the absolute permeability of handsheets were conducted. The statistical values of two-point correlation function (S2) and lineal-path function (L2) extracted from the reconstructed images were used to characterize the reconstruction accuracy, and the comparisons of reconstruction accuracy and time were made. The study results showed that the 3D microstructures of fibrous handsheets could be reconstructed effectively by S2&L2 and CCFs, identifying with the targets. The accuracies were around 10-5, and the reconstruction times by CCFs were shortened by 30-60% compared with S2&L2. Moreover, the visual permeability simulation results could reflect the structural difference of handsheets, according to the calculated absolute permeability. These findings provide a guidance for 3D reconstruction of natural fiber paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Several cross-sectional studies have investigated the incidence of urinary Congo-red dye positivity in women with preeclampsia (PE), compared to unaffected pregnancies, and reported very high sensitivity and low false positive rate in the diagnosis of PE. Objective: To determine the performance of the urinary Congo-red dot paper test at 35–37 weeks’ gestation in the prediction of delivery with PE at ≤2 and >2 weeks after assessment. Methods: This was a prospective observational study in women attending for a routine hospital visit at 35+0 to 36+6 weeks’ gestation in a maternity hospital in England. Urine samples were collected and the Congo-red dot paper test was used to assess the degree of Congo-red dye positivity. The test uses a scoring system from 1 to 8 and the higher the score the greater the degree of Congo-red dye positivity. We examined and compared the degree of Congo-red dye positivity in the groups that delivered with PE at ≤2 and >2 weeks with those that remained normotensive. Reproducibility was assessed by examining the inter- and intra-observer reliability of scoring on stored images with the researchers blinded to previous results. Results: The study population of 2140 women included 46 (2.1%) that subsequently developed PE (2.1%). The urinary Congo-red dot test was positive in 8.3% (1/12) and 2.9% (1/34) that delivered with PE at ≤2 and >2 weeks from assessment and in 0.2% (4/2094) of the unaffected pregnancies when the cutoff for Congo-red dye positivity was ≥5. The respective values when the cutoff used was ≥3 were 66.7%, 23.5%, and 16.5%, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficient for the inter-observer reliability was 0.926 (95% CI 0.890–0.953, p<.0001) and Cohen's kappa coefficient for the intra-observer reliability was 0.904, p<.0001. Conclusions: The performance of the urinary Congo-red dot paper test at 35–37 weeks’ gestation in the prediction of PE is very poor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What a huge relief and what great joy for all of us to be able to meet again in person after the two and a half years that had elapsed since the XXIst International Federation of Psychoanalytic Societies (IFPS) Forum held in Lisbon on February 5-8, 2020, with the beginning of the pandemic lockdown only about one month later! I enjoyed the very high quality of Juan Rodado's clinical work, the epistemological sophistication of Professor Rodríguez Sutil (see also Rodríguez Sutil, [12]), and the good articulation of clinical and epistemological aspects in the paper by Romulo Aguillaume. The Forum was also meant to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the foundation of IFPS (in Amsterdam on July 30, 1962), one of the topics of the historical panel that took place on the Friday morning. This featured two parallel panels, one central panel, and two final parallel panels. [Extracted from the article]

Patients with eating disorders struggle with the ability to regulate amounts, concretely and symbolically, and we, as therapists, witness and are always subject to the too much-ness and the not enough-ness as they are played out in continuous enactments in the analytic dyad. Wooldridge and Sheehy's contributions highlight our challenges in looking at the ways in which such difficulties in regulation evoke relationships to important attachment figures that are then enacted in the interpersonal field. I reflect on these papers through a relational perspective that places more emphasis on the therapist's integrated participation and curiosity about their participation in enactments. A two-person theoretical model of patient's problems and of therapeutic action can expand the exploration of how self-regulation is rooted in mutual regulation and dysregulation, and how such exploration can be ultimately transformative in the interpersonal field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the removal of UV254, phenol, and calcium from paper industry wastewater by persulfate oxidation was investigated. Fe2+ addition and heat application methods were used for persulfate activation. Response surface methodology and central composite design were applied for the optimization of effective parameters on processes. The statistical fit of the model was confirmed by the high R2 and adjusted R2 values. Based on the results obtained, response surface methodology models were developed. Estimated results calculated with model equations and experimental data were close to each other, and the models were confirmed to be significant. As a result of experimental studies conducted under the optimum conditions determined by the model, UV254, phenol, and calcium removal efficiencies from paper industry wastewater were 84.2%, 92.6%, and 85.7%, respectively by the Fe2+-activated persulfate process while they were 96.4%, 96.3%, and 81.8%, respectively by heat-activated persulfate process. The results of the study showed that persulfate oxidation is an effective advanced treatment process for recalcitrant pollutants removal from paper industry wastewater and response surface methodology is a useful tool for optimizing the treatment parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among bleaching agents available in paper conservation, hydrogen peroxide (HP) is a versatile choice that has many advantages in the removal of discoloration from paper. However, its well-known radical formation in the presence of iron impurities in paper poses the risk of cellulose degradation and color reversion, i.e. return of staining. This study explores a method to diminish undesired HP reactions by adding an additional step using a calcium phytate solution as complexing agent to the recommended treatment sequence. Tests on model papers impregnated with different molar concentrations of iron ions to trace the effects of simulated HP treatments on weight average molar mass, carbonyl group content, and color indicate that the iron phytate complex is sufficiently stable to sustain limited HP bleaching and thereby keeps the iron ions to a certain extent from the reaction system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper critically examines the White Paper, Opportunity for all, published by the UK Government's Department for Education (DfE) in March 2022. This has a number of recommendations for schools in an attempt to 'level up'. In particular, there is a promise to deliver 'a fully trust-led system with a single regulatory approach [and] a clear role for every part of the school system'. Such a system provides a serious challenge to the way that Religious Education (RE) structures in England are currently built: in short, when Local Authorities no longer have schools under their control – what is the point of a SACRE? Arguing that the 'local settlement' for RE serves two purposes – a curricular purpose and support and monitoring purpose – this paper will suggest that future RE curricula will be planned at the Trust level, with the monitoring and support functions being moved from the local to the regional. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plastic mulch is used for agricultural production to improve crop performance and mediate local environmental concerns. Paper mulch is an alternative to plastic mulch, it is effective and more biodegradable. The performance of plastic and paper mulch materials in agricultural production varies according to climatic environments, production practices, and crops. The objective of this study was to investigate the performance of paper mulch compared with plastic mulch and bare soil for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) field production in 2018 and 2021. Data on weed control, soil temperature, and tomato yield were recorded. Weed coverage and weeding time were reduced in paper and plastic mulch treatments compared to bare soil. Soil temperature in 2021 was lower in paper and plastic mulch treatments than in bare soil. Tomato yield was greater in plastic mulch than paper mulch and bare soil. Tomato yield for paper mulch treatments was not different from that of bare soil treatments. Paper mulch offered comparable weed control benefits as plastic mulch, and comparable tomato yield as bare soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is an increasing need for accessible methods to monitor soil health. Our primary objective was to evaluate an accessible, do-it-yourself method for measuring the maximum water holding capacity – we call this the funnel, filter paper, and drainage (MWHCFFPD) method. First, we compared MWHCFFPD to the water desorption method via pressure cells (WHCPC), routinely used for generating soil water retention curves, using 10 soils from a wide range of textures (4–55% clay). Second, we tested the sensitivity of the MWHCFFPD to methodological variations likely encountered by citizen scientists. The two methods were quite comparable in precision, with mean coefficient of variances of 3.5% and 4.4% for the FFPD and water desorption method, respectively. The MWHCFFPD and WHCPC methods were comparable, with MWHCFFPD best correlating to WHCPC at −2.45 kPa (R2 = 0.98). The MWHCFFPD method is somewhat sensitive to some methodological modifications, most notably variation in water source, but with standardized protocols could be scientifically robust. Overall, MWHCFFPD can be used as a simple and affordable test of sieved soil structure and organic matter, and thus has potential to expand soil health monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Continental Congress foray into printed money during the American Revolution was so disastrous that the United States printed no more money for nearly a century, the one exception being a brief period during the War of 1812. After that Congress chartered and unchartered its national bank twice. The American economy henceforth (1816–1836) was often structurally short of coins, and without any national coinage Americans had to find substitute forms of currency to finance the burgeoning economy. The Supreme Court ruled that sovereign States and individuals could authorize both State and private banks to issue their own notes. In consequence, nearly all paper money in circulation was either State or private banknotes based on a limited reserve of gold. This generally proved insufficient to adequately fund major infrastructure projects. The federal government also had no institution for raising or transferring large amounts of money to fund these national improvements. Nonetheless, Hamilton's U.S. Bank, without the help of a national currency, was an institutional precursor for what would not take final form until 1913. There would be no Federal Reserve today without the Whig-Republican agenda institutionally incarnated in the First and Second U.S. Bank. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the Institute of Conservation is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents a bibliometric and thematic review of journal papers specifically related to BE frameworks (BEFs) that are used for national BE awards and advocated by the Global Excellence Model (GEM) Council. The paper will help researchers and practitioners locate relevant BE data and information more easily, and guide them on which journals in which to publish them. The research includes an assessment of the average citation rate per year and BE paper. 10,089 potential BE papers were initially identified from a keyword search of the Elsevier database, to ultimately identify 415 as BE papers. These papers were analysed and have subsequently been made available to all researchers in an excel file. This research found that: the peak in publishing BE papers was in 2019; Total Quality Management and Business Excellence is the most popular journal for publishing BE papers; the most popular research area is studying 'Design of BEFs' and there is potential for future research on 'Impact of BE'; and the average number of citations per year for a BE paper is 2.1, with the most cited paper achieving an average of 29.6 citations per year. The research includes recommendations on how researchers can increase their citation rate in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A green analytical paper based assay of Cu (II) has been developed using egg white protein as a natural reagent. Either crayon and pencil graphite, or laser engraver may be used to effectively create hydrophobic barriers and hydrophilic reaction zones on the filter paper substrate. The reaction is observed via the Biuret test's principle of Cu (II) ions reacting with nitrogen in the peptide bonds of the egg white under alkaline conditions to form a purple complex. Graphics editing software was used to determine the RGB values or grayscales of the reaction for the construction of a calibration graph. The volumes of reagents and samples were as low as 3 to 5 µL each. The limits of detection and limit of quantitation were determined to be 0.0002 M (0.04 µg Cu) and 0.0007 M (0.13 µg Cu), respectively. The main benefits of the proposed paper based assay compared to the use of a spectrophotometer are its ability to work with turbid reagents and samples and its portability. In addition, the color of egg white-Cu (II) complex is stable for a long period (at least two weeks) which allows flexible time for data analysis. This method has been shown to tolerate the presence of other ions, i.e., Al (III), Ca (II), Mg (II), and Zn (II) at concentrations at least 50 times of those of the analyte, and can tolerate the presence of Fe (II) up to the same concentration of Cu (II). The proposed paper based assay was demonstrated to successfully determine various Cu (II) salts in supplement samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper-based works of art and documents of cultural importance kept in museums and libraries can show notorious signs of deterioration, including foxing stains, caused by fungal colonization. Some of the main chromophore agents of fungal origin that deteriorate paper and therefore affect paper cultural heritage both aesthetically and structurally are the group of pigments called melanins. Thus, knowledge of the diversity and features of fungal melanins and of the melanization pathways of fungi growing on paper is key to removing these pigments from paper-based works of cultural importance. This review provides an approach about the current knowledge of melanins synthesized by paper-colonizing fungi, their localization in the fungal structures, and their role in the deterioration of paper. This knowledge might contribute to developing new, effective, and sustainable strategies of restoration and conservation of historical documents and works of art based on paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Commercial Chinese ink was employed to disperse pristine vapor-grown carbon nanofibers (VGCNFs) in aqueous suspensions via horizontal ball milling. The obtained suspension was used to fabricate conductive paper-based composites through filtration-deposition onto filter paper. It was found that the carbon black particles from the Chinese ink helped separate VGCNFs and acted as connection points between the VGCNFs, while the glue reinforced the conduction network. Thus, the VGCNF-ink/paper ternary composite showed sufficiently low sheet resistance. With merely 2.5 mg·cm−2 VGCNFs, the sheet resistance could be reduced to 4.5 Ω·sq−1. As a proof of concept, these paper-based composites were directly used as electrodes of solid-state symmetric electronic double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) and the substrate for the electrodeposition of MnO2 to achieve higher electrochemical performances. The EDLCs fabricated with 2.5 mg·cm−2 VGCNFs showed a specific capacitance of 224 mF·cm−2 at a current density of 1 mA·cm−2, which was retained by 86.4% after 10,000 charge-discharge cycles. Moreover, thanks to the high electrical conductivity and the porous structure, the MnO2 decorated paper-based composites exhibited dramatically enhanced specific capacitance. It is believed that our finding offers an idea to directly utilize commercial Chinese ink for the fabrication of electrode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of separating ink particles which are adherent to cellulose fibers from cellulose fibers after recycling. In addition, after recycling, physical and optical changes in cellulose fibers are observed and inkjet and laserjet printing properties are investigated in some parameters. Initially, the reference papers are recycled according to the 11p standard. After this stage, the pulps are subjected to double stage bleaching (0.4% FAS + H2O2). Then, color scales are printed with inkjet and laserjet printers, and color measurements are made with X-Rite Exact spectrophotometer. These papers are again recycled according to the INGEDE 11p standard. As a result of the calculations, it is observed that there is an accurate ratio between the number of recyclings and the detachability of ink particles from cellulose fibers. In addition, it is determined that the resistance properties of the papers subjected to the second recycling stage are weakened and the porosity increased according to the obtained data. After the second recycling stage, it is determined that the cellulose peak values obtained in the FTIR spectrum became more pronounced and the results overlapped when compared with the ERIC values. In the SEM images, it can be said that after the second recycling stage, the fringing of the fibers increases with hornification and the fiber surface area began to expand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Natural Fibers is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Building on postcolonial, feminist and gendered migration theories and the ‘turn to mobility’ this article aims to explore the agency of so-called low-skilled Moroccan female marriage migrants in Flanders (Belgium). More precisely, it aims to study how religious temporality plays a role and how it shapes their experiences in a specific context of migration and precariousness. It questions how these women invoke a religious temporality in confronting the uncertainties and difficulties of which motherhood and a precarious residency status are the most challenging and stigmatising. Firstly, focussing on two ethnographic vignettes this article empirically analyses their nonlinear, risky and often undocumented trajectories laying bare a politico-discursive temporality in marriage migration, motherhood and belonging. Secondly, it analyses how exactly these women tend to challenge this bureaucratic temporality. The analyses show that through their active engagement with sabr (patience) and tawakkul (reliance on God) these women become agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Barbara Brandon-Croft is the first African American woman to have a nationally syndicated mainstream newspaper comic strip. Her comic Where I’m Coming From was first published in the Detroit Free Press in 1989. Two years later it was nationally distributed when it was picked up by Universal Press Syndicate. This interview is a compilation of edited excerpts from two recorded interview sessions conducted with Barbara Brandon-Croft during the summer of 2022, and follow-up sessions that occurred in the fall of 2023. The conversation focuses on how Barbara’s experiences during her formative and adult years inspire the world depicted in Where I’m Coming From. We discuss her experiences while growing up in the predominantly Black neighbourhood of New Cassel, Long Island; her father Brumsic Brandon, Jr.’s influences on her career path; her undergraduate years at Syracuse University; and the inspirations behind the content in some of her strips. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Just recently M. Aslantas [A new contribution to best proximity point theory on quasi metric spaces and an application to nonlinear integral equations. Optimization. 2022] established a new best proximity point theorem multivalued non-self mappings which satisfy an appropriate contractive condition in the framework of quasi metric spaces. Then he applied the existing result to present an application to the solvability of a class of nonlinear integral equations. In this short note, we show that the best proximity point theorem proved in the aforesaid article is a special case of a fixed point theorem for multivalued contraction type mappings which was studied by J. Marin et al. [Q-functions on quasimetric spaces and fixed points for multivalued maps. Fixed Point Theory Appl. 2011:Article ID 603861]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advancement of mobile technology, mobile-assisted language learning (MALL) has significant potential regarding its practical applications and benefits in foreign language learning. Nevertheless, little research was conducted to examine factors regarding the facilitation of oral communication through MALL based on established theories or models. The purpose of this review is to investigate the main constituents conducive to the intended outcomes based on an adapted model from Beatty (2010) and further provide guidelines for enthusiastic stakeholders in the field. Twenty-eight empirical studies were collected and categorized according to four key variables of the design model and analyzed qualitatively, with the key findings identified as follows. Due to the technical affordance of mobile technology, it is found that a student-centered self-regulated learning context is created, where students construct knowledge through self-instruction, self-evaluation, and self-correction. Furthermore, a speaking strategy-driven collaborative-based learning design enhances students' oral proficiency through strong social connections, interactions, and communication. Finally, given the pedagogical design and practices, high-level cognitive thinking is thereby promoted, with promising affective learning outcomes. In light of the findings, guidelines for educational practitioners, learners, and system designers are provided for pedagogical and practical application in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Do I consider what I "should" want, as Heather did with her silent analyst, living out the life of an emotionally deprived child with a deliberately depriving analyst? Contrariwise, including one's analysand carries risks: suppose the analysand sees or hears stories from the analyst's own training. The patient may have read the analyst's books or attended the analyst's public lectures. [Extracted from the article]

"Alter Ego: Le genre superhéroïque dans la BD au Québec (1968-1995)" by Philippe Rioux is a book that explores the transfer and adaptation of the superhero genre in Quebec. The author analyzes the development of the genre in Quebec from the 1960s onwards, including the re-editions of American superheroes in French and the creation of original Quebec superheroes. Rioux examines various aspects of the transfer and adaptation process, such as translation, cover design, and the incorporation of local culture. The book also briefly touches on the transfer of other genres, such as Archie comics and children's collections. Overall, Rioux provides a comprehensive study of the superhero genre in Quebec and its relationship with American culture. [Extracted from the article]

This (recently republished) book presents an anthropological study of the Scottish fishing community residing in Ferryden and the impacts of their wider social setting. Jane Nadel-Klein, the author, has eloquently woven together her twenty-five years of anthropological studies with a wide body of literature and disciplines spanning many decades, incorporating a breadth of material culture that illuminates topics and brings the themes of the book alive. The narrative takes the reader through time, studying the origins of fishing in the Scottish economy through to the processes of modernisation and globalisation that marginalised fishing-folk and ultimately ended their way of life in Ferryden. The intention of this publication was to bring the voices of fishing-folk to a wider public, such as academics, policy-makers, and those generally interested in fishing culture, rural and heritage studies. To her credit, Nadel-Klein manages to do that in a way that is accessible to all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many more pseudomorphs are nucleated from the azurite matrix interface than nucleated from the azurite crystal surface. In conclusion, the analysis of these pseudomorph illustrations suggests the following: Azurite can continue to grow on azurite while malachite pseudomorphs are growing within. The four azurite crack surfaces have conchoidal fractures on one surface, complete coverage of new secondary azurite on a second surface, and two vertical surfaces with mixed conchoidal areas and new azurite. The governing reaction for malachite growth is: Two azurites plus one water yields three malachites plus carbon dioxide. [Extracted from the article]

In China, master's students in humanities and social sciences (HSS) are becoming the main target of Chinese-language predatory journals. Existing research has not paid enough attention to why these students publish papers in Chinese-language predatory journals. This research interviewed 30 HSS master's students with different majors using semi-structured interviews and Grounded Theory to analyze the data; it found that research discrimination, research context, self-awareness, and individual demand are the main reasons why students publish papers in Chinese-language predatory journals. This study provides the following suggestions in an effort to solve the problem of Chinese-language predatory journals. First, the Chinese government should draw up a blacklist of Chinese-language predatory journals. Second, the research evaluation departments of Chinese universities and research institutions should evaluate the research results of HSS master's students based on this list. Third, Chinese universities or scientific research institutions should strengthen the training of HSS master tutors and increase their awareness of Chinese-language predatory journals. And finally, Chinese HSS master's students should be taught about the hazards of Chinese-language predatory journals in research integrity and ethics courses, and refuse to publish papers in Chinese-language predatory journals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Natural Fibers is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Keywords: Elephant Grass; fiber dimensions; non-wood materials; paper; pulping properties; Silk Cotton; ; ; ; ; ; EN Elephant Grass fiber dimensions non-wood materials paper pulping properties Silk Cotton ZH 9782 9790 9 11/21/22 20221220 NES 221220 Introduction Paper materials are diversely used globally for writing, printing, newspapers, books, boxes, wrapping, napkins, toiletries, among others. According to Lwako, Byaruhanga, and Baptist ([23]), non-wood materials such as fibers obtained from Silk Cotton have been anticipated to be suitable for pulp; nevertheless, some of its technological properties (i.e., fiber dimensions and pulping properties) for paper production are unknown. Fibers from the stalk of Elephant Grass (60.03 ± 1.82 µm) and Bagasse (59.85 ± 1.72 µm) would exhibit higher strength properties compared to Silk Cotton (52.24 ± 1.66 µm) and the leaves of Elephant Grass (42.15 ± 1.17 µm) due to their diameters (Table 1). [Extracted from the article]

Hydrophobic/oleophilic filters have great potential for application in oil/water separation. Herein, we describe the successful preparation of environment friendly superhydrophobic cellulosic fiber filter to remove water from diesel. The modified TiO2 particles were used to fabricate the rough structure of superhydrophobic filter paper via a dip-coating method with epoxy resin as a binder. With the further dipping modification by hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS), the filter paper obtained excellent water-resistance with water contact angle (WCA) ranging from 126.0° to 151.8°, and strong stability against acid, alkali and UV lights. In this work, it was found that the WCA was proportional to the surface roughness. The obtained hydrophobic filter papers could selectively absorb oil from water-containing fuel oil and could separate water/fuel oil mixture very efficiently with separation efficiency higher than 99%. This simple and mild strategy would inspire the large-scale fabrication of multifunctional surfaces for practical applications in water/oil separation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes the use of simulation modelling to explore the effect of conservation strategies on the preservation of paper collections. Agent-based simulation was chosen as the simulation approach in order to capture the individual characteristics of the collections, their size, and the values of pH and degree of polymerisation (DP) for individual items. This approach enabled the simulation of the chemical degradation of different types of collections during their lifetime and under different preservation scenarios. We conducted a series of computational experiments on three types of collections, acidic, modern, and mixed, to explore the effect of slightly lowering the temperature and relative humidity in the repositories, the deacidification of part of the collection at different rates, and the delay in making the decision to start a deacidification treatment. The results indicated that a small change, lowering the storage conditions from 18°C to 16°C and from 50% to 40% RH, can protect up to 30% of the collection from reaching the critical DP of 300 within a time horizon of 500 years. On the other hand, to obtain similar results through deacidification, 45% of the mixed collection and 70% of the acidic collection should be deacidified within a period of 100 years. The experiments also indicated that better results are obtained when the priorities for deacidification are acidic records with a pH value below 5. This study shows that modelling the heterogeneity of the collections can support preservation management, particularly if the concern is not the preservation of a part of the collection but the collection as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A chronological synopsis of the history of the technology used in experimental and testing work relating to artillery pieces is presented. The period covered is from the mid-seventeenth century up to the Cold War era of the mid-twentieth century. Although the focus is on the development of ballistics measurement in Britain, there are important links to related work in continental Europe. The locus for much of what is described is the Royal Artillery proof and experimental range at Shoeburyness and the key individuals and groups of men and women who worked there. There are longitudinal connections between the very earliest technologies of mechanical chronometry, with paper screens and paper-based calculations, and the later technology where timings, screens and calculations had all become electronic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon-free carbon paper, also known as pressure-sensitive paper, is a kind of office automation, industrial information paper, widely used in all walks of life in the office affairs of forms, invoices, bills, labels, credit CARDS, as well as the display of instruments and meter recording media. Carbonless carbon copy paper is a frequent physical evidence at crime scenes, especially in cases involving economic disputes, carbonless carbon paper may be the direct and important physical evidence in case detection, so the analysis and examination of carbonless carbon paper material evidence plays an important role in serial cases and case detection. The purpose of this paper is to study the application ability of ultraviolet spectroscopy in the handwriting test of carbonless copied documents. In this experiment, infrared spectrum analysis, ultraviolet spectrum analysis, and first-order derivative spectrum analysis were used in the scope of the experiment to test the handwriting of carbon-free carbon copy documents. Firstly, mathematical statistics were used to analyze the composition and content of invisible ink in the carbon-free carbon copy paper of express delivery companies. Then the data statistical method was used to classify and analyze the adhesive content and composition of each paper company. And the advantages and disadvantages of using single variable method to compare UV spectral analysis and first derivative spectral analysis. Experimental data show that Shentong express and EMS are likely to use the same brand of the same type of processing in the factory without carbon carbon paper; according to the composition of the adhesive, we can analyze the different characters of carbon-free copies. That belongs to enjoy the company of no carbon carbon content I class, while the red and no carbon carbon composition of Jin Yi company belongs to II class category, peak company belongs to III class. Experimental data show that according to the combination of adhesive components, different carbon-free carbon copies can be analyzed. That belongs to enjoy the company of no carbon carbon content I class, while the red and no carbon carbon composition of Jin Yi company belongs to II class category, peak company belongs to III class. The experimental data show that the method of ultraviolet spectrum analysis established in this paper can be used to test the carbon-free carbon carbon copy added or altered in suspicious documents, and improve the accuracy of 34.45% for the color trace analysis of carbon-free carbon paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Breaks in the Air: The Birth of Rap Radio in New York City" by John Klaess is a significant contribution to the history of New York hip-hop culture. The book explores the early days of rap radio in New York, when stations like WBLS played a crucial role in shaping the sound and culture of hip-hop. Klaess uses interviews and cassette recordings to provide insights into the inseparable relationship between rap, radio, and diverse listening communities. The book also examines the impact of deregulation on the commercial radio industry and the role of radio in advancing Black social progress. Overall, "Breaks in the Air" offers a valuable perspective on the history of rap radio in New York City. [Extracted from the article]

This document is a letter to the editor addressing a typographical error in the formulas for the double Pareto-lognormal distribution and the normal-Laplace distribution. The authors clarify that the formulas themselves are correct, but there was an error in the expression of the Mills ratio in the correction by Amini and Rabbani. The authors provide the correct formulas for both distributions and offer further explanation upon request. The authors are affiliated with Juraj Dobrila University of Pula in Croatia. [Extracted from the article]

The interaction between paper and pressure-sensitive adhesive was investigated by peel adhesion testing. The paper/adhesive peel curves were analyzed by plotting the logarithm of the peak peel force (i.e. the maximum value) against the logarithm of the peel rate, yielding two linear segments: a peel-rate-dependent interfacial failure domain and a rate-independent paper failure domain. Three independent parameters were extracted from these plots, namely, the interfacial peel force (Fin) at a low peel rate of 1 mm/min, the maximum peel force (Fc) and the slope (Sp) in the plot of log (interfacial peel force) versus log (peel rate). The linkages between paper and its peel responses were analyzed using the multivariate statistical methods. The paper properties influencing peel force in interfacial failure domain were found to be primarily the paper surface chemistry, characterized by oxygen/carbon ratio (determined by XPS), and secondarily paper surface roughness. The peel force increased with oxygen/carbon ratio and with the surface roughness. The log–log slope in the interfacial failure domain was found to be independent of paper properties; it is determined by the adhesive rheology. The governing paper property in the paper failure domain was found to be the paper internal bond strength as measured by an internal (Scott) bond tester. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]