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This article explores the use of family sculpting as an educative tool to achieve a better I-thou awareness of the patient's support needs from a family and social system approach. Ensuring we provide appropriate and effective opportunities for nurses to develop compassion when caring for patients facing ill health is a complex challenge that faces nurse education at all levels. The piece explores a sculpting exercise developed in nurse education which engages students' awareness of the complicated nature of peoples' social networks and through attitudinal learning, helps nurses to provide compassionate care that integrates family support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We are investigating the use of natural user interfaces (NUI) applied to information and communication technologies (ICT) supporting workplace dynamics in partnership with mental health providers at a hospital in Brazil. We are using a participatory design (PD) process to uncover their paper-based workflow, defined here as paper user interface workflow (PUI) and their appropriation of mobile technologies supporting patients’ socialization process. We chose this group as they have no experience with graphical user interface (GUI) based interaction, are highly nomadic, have a refined workflow, have a high level of interdependence and are appropriating mobile technologies and social media into their workplace; thus, we believe their perspective within a PD setting provide unique insights into NUI design to provide high fidelity data and real time communication, enhancing data accessibility and fidelity on communication among the professionals. Our PD process has produced workflow representations and we are presenting two scenarios; from them we are proceeding to low- fidelity prototyping. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objectives: To identify the current challenges and opportunities in compensation and recognition for pharmacist-provided immunizations across the lifespan and to establish guiding principles for pharmacist-provided immunization compensation and recognition. Data sources: 22 stakeholders gathered on June 29, 2011, at the American Pharmacists Association (APhA) headquarters in Washington, DC, for a meeting on immunization compensation that was convened by APhA and the Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy. Participants included representatives from community pharmacy practices (chain, grocery, and independent), employers, national consumer health and advocacy organizations, national pharmacy and public health organizations, health plan representatives, pharmacy benefit managers, and health information technology, standards, and safety organizations. Key immunization leaders from TRICARE Management Activity, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, the National Vaccine Program Office of the Department of Health & Human Services, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) also participated in the meeting. Summary: The increased numbers of pharmacists providing vaccination services and the availability of pharmacist-provided immunizations to populations in need of vaccines has continued to increase. This has resulted in a rise in the percentage of patients who receive vaccines at pharmacies. Pharmacists are now working to leverage their ability to identify people with key risk factors (e.g., diabetes, heart disease or previous myocardial infarction), encourage them to receive their CDC-recommended vaccinations, and administer the required vaccine. Challenges and opportunities in compensation and recognition for pharmacist-provided immunizations across the adult lifespan persist. Variability in state practice acts, reimbursement and compensation processes and systems, and mechanisms for documentation of vaccine services create substantial differences in how pharmacist-provided immunizations are delivered throughout the United States. Conclusion: Pharmacist-provided immunizations are clinically sound, are cost effective, are readily accessible, and support our nation's public health goals. Pharmacists have demonstrated that patient vaccination rates have improved through expansion of pharmacist-provided immunizations. The profession should continue efforts to collaborate with other immunization stakeholders and expand a pharmacist scope of practice that is built around a uniform and recognized standard of immunization provision and that supports the provision of all CDC-recommended vaccines through pharmacy-provided immunizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study that aims to develop an improved risk evaluation and mitigation strategies (REMS) system for the most effective and safest patient medication use and the least burden on the health care delivery system. It reports on the lack of standardization among various REMS programs, which lack poses challenges for health care providers. Among the topics taken up are effective provider interventions, improving REMS standardization and communication models, and ensuring a sustainable business model for REMS-related provider activities.

Sharing new medical information that is perceived as seriously effecting people's lives, i.e., breaking bad news (BBN) is important in caring for patients and relatives and is challenging for healthcare professionals. Optimal BBN requires incorporation and implementation of multiple professional competencies acquired gradually throughout years of training. The BBN encounter has implications for all participants: the patient, family members, their close social environments, and the deliverer of the news. Due to these implications and the accountability involved, medical schools invest educational resources in helping medical students develop this competency. The current paper summarizes literature, research, and teaching experiences while suggesting practical guidelines for designing and teaching a BBN course to undergraduate students. The following principles lie behind the recommendations: stepwise spiral continuity of exposure to and teaching of communication skills in various contexts while focusing on BBN in the advanced clinical years; relating the developing skills to broader humanistic studies; enhancing awareness of self-perspectives and beliefs regarding BBN; connecting to patients' and family members experiences and needs; providing a BBN protocol and opportunities for structured experiential learning followed by reflection and feedback; using observation and reflection to address gaps between theory and real-life practice; and creating continuity of learning about BBN through undergraduate, graduate, and continuing medical education. Applying this learning process can help enhance the management of these difficult conversations to improve patients' care during these difficult, life-changing encounters, and physicians' well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research paper has been identified as a genre that is commonly produced in both graduate and undergraduate courses. However, researchers have noted that this label tends to be used loosely and that texts referred to as research papers are not characterized by a fixed set of discoursal features [such as Johns A.M. (1997). Text, role and context. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press]. In addition, there appears to be no linguistic study of how the discourse structure of texts referred to as research papers may vary across courses in undergraduate or graduate programs. Using genre analysis, this study explores the nature of research papers from two disciplinary graduate courses, in order to increase our understanding of this heterogeneous genre and the dimensions along which it can vary across sub-disciplines. Evaluated research papers from two courses in environmental science were analyzed along a number of dimensions: the overall organization of the papers, the claims made, the intertextual links established, and the epistemic or phenomenal focus of the paper. The results of these analyses indicate that research papers can have multiply layered communicative purposes, which may vary in different disciplinary courses, resulting in texts characterized by different discoursal features. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Introduction: Timely, complete and accurate patient data is needed in care decisions along the continuum of care. To access patient data from other organizations, there are three types of regional health information exchange systems (RHIS) in use In Finland. Some regions use multiple RHISs while others do not have a RHIS available. The recently introduced National Patient Data Repository (Kanta) is increasingly used for health information exchange (HIE).Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess usage of paper, RHISs and Kanta by context in 2017; evolution of paper use over the years; and predictors of paper use in 2017 among Finnish physicians for HIE system development.Methods: Data from national electronic health record (EHR) usage and user experience surveys were taken from 2010 (prior to ePrescription system implementation), 2014 (prior to implementation of Kanta) and 2017 (Kanta was in full use in the public sector and in large private organizations). The web-based surveys were targeted to all physicians engaged in clinical work in Finland.Results: Kanta was the most frequently used means of HIE in 2017. Paper use had reduced significantly from 2010 to 2014. The trend continued in 2017. Still, up to half of the physicians reported using paper daily or weekly in 2017. There were great variations in paper use by healthcare sector, available RHIS type and EHR system used. In multivariable analysis (with all other variables constant), predictors of more frequent use of paper than electronic means for HIE were: private sector or hospital, access to Master Patient Index RHIS (type 1), multiple RHIS (type 4) or no RHIS (type 5), two particular EHR systems, older age, less experience, operative, psychiatric or diagnostic specialties, and male gender.Conclusions: Usability of HIE systems including EHRs as access points to HIE need to be improved to facilitate usage of electronic HIE. Usage ensures more timely and complete patient data for safe, coordinated care. Specialty-specific needs and requirements call for more user participation in HIE design. Especially older professionals need training to better exploit HIS for HIE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A poster is a visual communication tool, but crucially, it is absolutely not a research paper directly transposed onto a board. It shows the results of research but it does not explain in detail in the way that a conventional paper does. This paper will explain how poster creation accedes to newspaper article writing theory, while adhering to the IMRAD (Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion) format. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fetuses at low gestational age limit of viability, neonates with life threatening or life limiting congenital anomalies and deteriorating acutely ill newborn babies in intensive care, pose taxing ethical questions on whether to forego or stop treatment and allow them to die naturally. Although there is essentially no ethical difference between end of life decision between neonates and other children and adults, in the former, the fact that we are dealing with a new life, may pose greater problems to staff and parents. Good communication skills and involvement of all the team and the parents should start from the beginning to see which treatment can be foregone or stopped in the best interests of the child. This article deals with the importance of clinical ethics to avoid legal and moral showdowns and discusses accepted moral practice in this difficult area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Consumers are increasingly interested in food and nutrition information, and the channels for receiving information are expanding at a fast pace. This scenario provides new opportunities for registered dietitians (RDs) to reach diverse audiences with credible nutrition messages. However, it is also more challenging to be heard in an increasingly competitive communications environment where information is sometimes inaccurate but believed by the public. RDs must actively take steps to position themselves as reliable sources of science-based food and nutrition information and communicate through a variety of new media and traditional channels. RDs are uniquely qualified to evaluate and interpret nutrition research within the context of the body of science, and appropriately translate the findings into positive and practical food and diet advice for the public. Resources are provided to help RDs evaluate nutrition research, stay abreast of the latest food and nutrition information, and effectively communicate science-based information in a variety of formats. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The special issue on 'The sociolinguistics of exclusion: Indexing (non)belonging in mobile communities' delves into the phenomenon of exclusion as a means and outcome of social positioning within diverse communities undergoing continual transformation due to social, demographic, political, and technological changes. Through empirical studies that critically engage with exclusionary discourse practices, this issue analyzes the semiotic means that social actors employ to presuppose and/or entail exclusion. Additionally, it explores the underlying ideological assumptions on which these choices are perceived, rationalized, justified, and/or contested as exclusionary. • The papers of this issue delve into the multifaceted realm of (non)belonging. • Social exclusion is a communicative phenomenon that we can observe at different social scales—from everyday interaction to (inter)national policy making. • The papers investigate the semiotic practices through which exclusionary dynamics shape mobile communities. • All the papers share the hope of suggesting new ways of achieving social inclusion through a better understanding of exclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This commentary reviews, synthesizes, and expands upon the articles in this special issue. The review notes that the papers update the idea that language style – the combination of habitual forms used in languaging – can be used in exclusionary practices. That said, the papers in this issue all approach exclusion in language style from a different standpoint, and this diversity of approaches and topics at once demonstrates how central the exclusionary function of language is for humans, and at the same time suggests some generalizations about how to theorize about exclusion. I note some of the different sociolinguistic processes used in the exclusion cases in the issue, and suggest that we should also study the opposing process on creating inclusion through sociolinguistics. • Processes of exclusion are reviewed. • Style and enregisterment are argued to be an important part of such sociolinguistic exclusion. • The strategic use of code in languaging is revealed to be a theme of exclusion. • Processes of differentiation are shown to be central to the overall process of exclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inference is central to pragmatic theories of meaning and communication, but most studies of inference to date have been undertaken in adjacent fields rather than in pragmatics. The aim of this special issue is to bring together pragmatic perspectives on inference in order to further our understanding of the role that inference - as both a product and a process - plays in pragmatic models of communication. This aim is realised through a set of six papers that collectively address key questions arising when we go beyond the traditional focus in pragmatics on inferences by the hearer about the speaker's intended meaning. These articles draw from a range of different methodological and theoretical standpoints to examine the inferential, interactional, and developmental processes that underpin different types of pragmatic inference. It is concluded that more sophisticated theoretical accounts of pragmatic inference are needed to account for the wide range of inferential phenomena that can be empirically observed in communication. • Demonstrates the importance of studying inference in pragmatics. • Shows pragmatic inference goes beyond hearers inferring speaker's intended meaning. • Highlights the role that inference plays in pragmatic models of communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complementing the well-established evidence base on health inequalities experienced by migrants, refugees and asylum seekers in the UK; we examined the extent to which their right to equal non-discriminatory access to health services (promotive, preventive, curative) was upheld during the COVID-19 pandemic. Arksey and O′Malley's scoping review framework. A comprehensive search was conducted on Medline, PubMed, and CINAHL using detailed MESH terms, for literature published between 01 January 2020 and 01 January 2024. The process was supported by a ten-page Google search and hand searching of reference lists. 42 records meeting the inclusion criteria were charted, coded inductively and analysed thematically in an integrated team-based approach. Dissonance between immigration regulation and health governance is illustrated in four themes: Health systems leveraged to (re)enforce the hostile environment; Dissonance between health rights on paper and in practice; Structural failures to overcome communication and digital exclusion; and COVID-19 vaccine (in)equity exacerbated fear, mistrust and exclusion. Migrants, refugees and asylum seekers encountered substantial individual, structural and policy-level barriers to accessing healthcare in the UK during COVID-19. Insecure immigration status, institutional mistrust, data-sharing and charging fears, communication challenges and digital exclusion impacted heavily on their ability to access healthcare in an equitable non-discriminatory manner. An inclusive and innovative health equity and rights-based responses reaching all migrants, refugees and asylum seekers are warranted if the National Health Service is to live up to its promise of ' leaving no one behind' in post-pandemic and future responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective communication with patients and colleagues is key to a pharmacist's ability to provide effective person-centered care. Neurodivergent patients face many barriers when interacting with health professionals; increased awareness and understanding are therefore paramount to the pharmacist's role. This paper describes an innovative teaching partnership between a school of pharmacy and an inclusive theater company which aims to develop awareness and skills of undergraduate pharmacy students in relation to communicating with patients with autism and/or learning disabilities. Forum theater and role-plays were used to complement existing communication skills teaching in Years two and four of the undergraduate MPharm (Master of Pharmacy) program. The sessions were designed and delivered in partnership between academic teaching staff and a theater company of neurodivergent actors. An online evaluation form was used to obtain student feedback on these sessions (two Likert-style questions and three open format questions). Of the 241 students who attended a session in 2021, 70 (29%) provided feedback. Feedback was positive, with 99% of respondents finding the session useful. Students spoke about how they found the sessions supportive and enlightening, helping them to reflect on their own communication skills. As a result, the teaching has been developed and now expanded through all years of the undergraduate program. While conscious of challenges such as funding and finding the right partner, the authors recommend this rewarding initiative to fellow academics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of wearable devices in conjunction with smartphone applications is at an all-time high and still growing daily. These devices communicate between themselves as well as with remote servers, and research indicates that all these communication bridges create some security and privacy-related issues. This paper will discuss and analyze the difference between a low-end and a high-end wrist wearable device in terms of their security and privacy measures. It will focus the results on what can be obtained from analyzing the Bluetooth communication and the device's official mobile application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to present a systematic literature review that discusses the importance of Stakeholder Management (SM) and Communication Management (CM) for Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). Through a systematic search in three databases, 35 studies were identified that met the inclusion criteria and addressed the area of SM and CM, focusing on the perception of the influence of CM on stakeholder engagement and satisfaction of their needs, as a Critical Success Factor (CSF) for project success. A mapping of the findings is also presented. Additionally, the limitations found in the literature were discussed and possibilities for future research are proposed. The study emphasizes the relevance of SM and CM for the success of NGO projects and highlights the need for more strategic and integrated approaches to managing these factors. Thus, this article contributes to the debate on SM and CM in NGO projects, offering effective practices for the successful management of these CSF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• What is currently known about this topic. ○ Incivility, rude and discourteous behaviors towards others, is an established, well-known problem in nursing (Fida et al., 2018). It is pervasive within the nursing culture, and researchers have consistently documented it across the nursing continuum in education and practice (Layne et al., 2019). Current published nursing research is lacking on how curriculum within undergraduate nursing programs prepares students to identify and address incivility in their nursing practice. • What the paper adds to the existing knowledge. ○ Self-efficacy is cultivated by experience. This study's participants were provided with a safe environment to observe and learn about identifying and addressing incivility. Nursing educators should consider including virtual simulation addressing incivility in nursing in the curriculum. This study demonstrated that this teaching strategy can increase nursing students' self-efficacy. This knowledge can inform future research, curriculum development, and nursing practice surrounding the prevention of and strategies to address incivility- which when addressed successfully could lead to improved patient outcomes with fewer adverse safety events due to improved care provider communication, successful assimilation of nurses into the nursing workforce by empowering nursing students, and less turnover and burnout experienced by nurses. When strategies and skills for identifying and addressing incivility are included in the nursing curriculum, students learn ways to cope with the effects of incivility and experience increased resilience (Sidhu & Park, 2018). • How the information in your manuscript can be applied to practice. ○ Findings from this study showed a significant increase in participants' self-efficacy in identifying and addressing incivility in nursing after completing the Civility Mentor modules. Nursing students who complete the Civility Mentor modules or similar virtual activities will be better prepared to address incivility in their practices. Incivility is an established, well-known problem within the nursing culture. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of participating in an incivility-based virtual simulation on undergraduate nursing students' perceived self-efficacy. (1) Describe the GSE scores of the study cohort and examine the association between pre-and post-intervention scores. (2) Explore students' perceptions of how participation affected their ability to identify and address incivility. A mixed-methods research design was utilized to determine the relationship between students' completion of an incivility-based virtual simulation and their self-efficacy in identifying and addressing incivility. The study compared pre- and post-intervention General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) scores and identified significant findings and themes among qualitative data collected. IRB approval was obtained for the study. Paired t-test results indicated a significant association between pre- and post-GSE scores with participants in the post-intervention group having significantly higher scores (Mean = 34.6, SD = 4.1). The themes that emerged from the qualitative data collected included communication, self-confidence, conflict resolution, and vicarious learning. Findings from this study showed a significant increase in participants' self-efficacy in identifying and addressing incivility in nursing after completing the intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communication is a central part of radiological procedures and influences children's experiences. Previous research concentrates on communication and experiences during complex radiological procedures such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Less is known about the communication that occurs with children undergoing procedures, such as non-urgent X-ray procedures, or the impact communication has on a child's experience. This scoping review examined evidence relating to the communication which occurs between children, parents and radiographers during children's X-ray procedures and how children experience undergoing X-ray procedures. The comprehensive search identified eight papers. Evidence shows that radiographers dominate communication during X-ray procedures, with their communication in many cases being instructional, closed and limiting the opportunities for children to be involved. Evidence indicates that radiographers have a role in facilitating children in actively engaging in communication during their procedure. The papers that sought children's first-hand experiences highlight children's mainly positive experiences of having an X-ray, and the importance of informing children about their X-ray before and during the procedure. The scarcity of literature highlights a need for research exploring communication during children's radiological procedures and children's first-hand experiences of undergoing these procedures. Findings highlight a need for an approach that recognises the importance of dyadic (radiographer and child), and triadic (radiographer, parent and child) communication opportunities during an X-ray procedure. This review highlights a need for an inclusive and participatory approach to communication that recognises children's voice and agency in X-ray procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Given the potential for social media to spread health misinformation, it is important to understand how trusts impact adolescents' engagement with health content on social media. Objective: To explore the concept of trust when adolescents (13-18 years) engage with health information on social media. Five relevant databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, ERIC, and CINAHL) were systematically searched alongside Google Scholar and reference lists of included papers. Studies were included if they examined adolescents' trust when engaging with health information on social media. Study Appraisal and Synthesis Methods: Thematic analysis was used to synthesize the findings from this review. Results: Thirty-four papers were included. Three key domains were explored: trust in the social media platform/ service (general distrust of social media for health information; safety and privacy); trust in other users (mistrust of unknown users; fear of bullying or judgment; trust in friends or peers; celebrities and popularity; trust in others' experience and the importance of social support); trust in content (tone and appearance of health information; expertise and verification; advertising, pushed, and suggested content). Limitations: Narrow geographic representation of papers and limited quantitative studies. Conclusions and Implications of Key Findings: Adolescents' trust in health information on social media involves a complex interplay between trust in: social media platforms, other users, and health content. Central to many of the findings is the social and identity work done by adolescents on and through social media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a recent paper, Aceves and Evans computed information and semantic density measures for hundreds of languages, and showed that these measures predict the pace and breadth of ideas in communication. Here, we summarize their key findings and situate them in a broader debate about the adaptive nature of language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes a holistic but flexible demand creation strategy for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in national public health-care settings in low-income to middle-income countries. We describe the development and implementation of a model to drive demand for oral PrEP uptake and use as part of comprehensive sexual and reproductive health services in South Africa: The Eita! model. The project adapted two existing response hierarchy models (marketing models used to describe the stages individuals move through from being unaware to using a product), to formulate the Eita! model. Using the RE-AIM framework, we report on the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance of the Eita! model. More than 34 million connections were made from December 2018 to 2021 through a variety of channels: social media and websites, at events and mobile clinic outreach, and radio and community dialogs. There were 42,447 adolescent girls and young women reached in-person during this time, 16,823 adolescent girls and young women presented for sexual and reproductive health services, and of those 14,637 (87%) initiated on PrEP. The model was implemented in eight health-care facilities and four mobile clinics in three provinces in South Africa. A total of 26 trainings were delivered to project staff implementing the strategy. Various demand creation resources, such as materials and online platforms, have since been adopted by the National Department of Health as national tools. The Eita! model was successfully implemented to support the uptake of HIV prevention services and rollout of biomedical prevention products, and can be adapted by other low-income to middle-income countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current paper presents a series of interviews conducted with editors of prominent orthodontic journals, with a specific focus on the influence of social media on orthodontics as a profession. The interviews revolve around the impact of social media on various aspects, including orthodontic patients, clinicians, education, academia and research. The aim is to explore the effective utilization of social media as a means to advance the profession and discuss its potentials and pitfalls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper presents a philosophical exploration for understanding language and intercultural competence from the Taoist philosophy, focusing on three Taoist concepts of Yin-Yang, He (harmony) and Sanbao (three-treasures). The philosophical insights were applied to an ethnographic study that was conducted to investigate the participants' intercultural learning outcomes during an EU-exchange sail-training voyage across the North Sea. The sailing space enables convergence and interaction, minimises boundaries and fosters the co-construction of a sense of community. This paper acknowledges the complexity of dynamic and relation-oriented intercultural learning and communication, and proposes the concept of Dual Harmony of Intercultural Cultivation (DHIC), including the dual dimensions of personal harmony and relational harmony, based on the critical analysis of the interculturality in the sail-training context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a pilot study aimed at investigating the comprehension of pantomimic stories and its possible cognitive underpinnings in typically developing children. A group of twenty-two Italian-speaking children aged between 8.02 and 10.11 years were included in the study. Participants watched short videos in which professional actors performed pantomime narratives; then answered a comprehension question and retold the stories. Analyses revealed positive correlations between the comprehension of pantomimes and age, theory of mind, and working memory. The implications of these results for a narrative model of language origin are discussed against the background of an eco-evo-devo perspective. • The study explores the comprehension of pantomimic stories and its cognitive underpinnings in children. • They watched pantomime narratives; then they answered a comprehension question and retold the stories. • Correlations between story comprehension and age, theory of mind, and working memory emerged. • Results are discussed against the background of a narrative model of language origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses metalanguage, metadiscourse, metacommunication and metapragmatics testifying to users' conscious awareness enacted in human-AI interactions, based on a corpus of posts sent to Reddit's r/ChatGPT. The emphasis falls on users' foci of attention as they perform linguistic tests on ChatGPT and on how the "meta" practices manifest themselves interactionally on the selected subreddit, where human-AI interactions are showcased for entertainment purposes. The findings suggest that engaging with AI reflects and, potentially, enhances language users' metalinguistic, metadiscursive, metacommunicative and metapragmatic awareness. This awareness is mirrored in ChatGPT's output, indicative of its previous human-assisted training. Additionally, this investigation demonstrates that, when acknowledged as one subject of study, the four "meta" concepts are intricately intertwined as they may co-occur and overlap. • Posts at r/ChatGPT report users' challenging ChatGPT for entertainment purposes. • Challenges involve (im)politeness, language play, pretend play, and epistemic states. • Human-AI interactions show and boost users' conscious meta-linguistic/communicative/pragmatic awareness. • Users' "meta" conscious awareness shows on three interactional levels at r/ChatGPT. • Metapragmatics, metacommunication, metadiscourse and metalanguage are overlapping notions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In interpreter-mediated encounters, one participant's contributions are multivoiced, other participants' contributions are collectively produced, as the interpreter mediates their words. It is interesting what mediation does to their voice, and even more relevant if participants speak in ways deviating from local norms. This paper offers a case study of an interpreter-mediated court meeting. I discuss how a courtroom interpreter handles the accused's contributions, what consequences the interpreter's choices have, and what it adds to our understanding of voice. I argue that speaking and being heard "in one's own terms" is not necessarily the most beneficial to less powerful institutional participants. • It is central for courtroom interpreters to represent the voice of lay participants. • Interpreters often choose to interpret for legal participants rather than lay participants when they speak simultaneously. • Interpreters standardize the linguistic contributions they mediate. • Standardization and normalization may help a participant being heard. • At the same time it may suppress the social voice of a participant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports a study of Arabic-French language alternation in medical consultations in Algeria to reveal the ways in which code-switching is used to build and organise activities in medical interactions. Conversation analysis is applied to examine the participants' linguistic choices. Audio-recorded data was collected in two public hospitals in the Northwest of Algeria. This study suggests that there are misperceptions in the research literature about doctors' use of French as a resource to disempower patients and to limit their contribution in consultations. It refines our understanding of the nature of language alternation – code switching - in Algerian medical consultations. The results show that: 1) French is dispreferred with patients, 2) code-switching is used as a resource to organise and distinguish activities in turns and sequences, however, 3) doctors' use of French can contribute to pushing back against patients' resistance and to disaffiliate with patients' stances. • Language alternation on a moment-by-moment analysis of action in medical examinations. • Code switching is used as a resource to organise and distinguish activities in turns and sequences. • Arabic is preferred by doctors with both bilingual and monolingual patients. • Doctors' use French with patients when pushing back against patients' resistance and to disaffiliate with patients' stances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Tel Aviv neighborhood of HaTikva, originally home mostly to Mizrahi Jews, has undergone a considerable demographic shift in recent years. This paper discusses the narratives of Mizrahi longtime residents of the neighborhood, who are uncomfortable with the recent changes. Focusing on a micro-analysis of the stylistic variation in two interviews, the results show that the voiced pharyngeal approximant (ʕ), a linguistic feature strongly associated with Mizrahi identity, is used in the construction of place identity, by reinforcing the links between these speakers' Mizrahi identity and their status as authentic residents of the neighborhood. • Residents of South Tel Aviv are experiencing a rapid change in their neighborhood. • Linguistic resources are utilized to construct an authentic place identity. • (ʕ), a linguistic feature associated with ethnicity, is used to index place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The distribution of vos 'you' and uno 'one' in generic messages is studied in a corpus of female speakers of Spanish (Argentina).The question was how it is possible that the form vos , so clearly defined as the pronoun to refer to the interlocutor, could have an impersonal reading, alongside the indefinite pronoun uno , which seems much more fit to do the job. The alternation between the generic use of the forms vos and uno cannot be, in our view, the result of chance nor a merely stylistic tool, but corresponds to the communicative strategies that speakers utilize in each and every context. This paper studies the different factors that play a role in the selection of each of the pronouns. • Vos 'you' and uno 'one', used in generic messages, have different meanings, resulting in different interpretations. • Linguistic forms have single meanings, but may have different interpretations in different contexts. • The single meaning is a clue for a given interpretation. • Generic vos 'you' refers to the hearer: 'you in my place'. •Generic uno 'one' refers to the speaker: '(some)one like me'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new cellular network standard 5G meets the networking requirements for many industrial use cases due to the advantages of low latency, high bandwidth, and high device density while providing a very good quality of service. These capabilities enable the wireless realization of digital twins (DT), a key element of cyber-physical production systems. A requirement of DT is the bidirectional exchange of information between the digital and the physical world. 5G is the only technology that enables wireless, highly scalable, and flexible realization of even safety- and latency-critical connections (e.g., between a machine tool and its motion control unit). In this paper, a 5G enabled DT of a machine tool for machine control and simulation is developed and implemented. A bidirectional control of the physical machine tool and the DT is realized by offloading the machine control unit to an edge server via 5G. The simulation instances are also offloaded to the edge server and obtain the required information from the control system. In addition, this paper outlines the components for implementing a 5G-enabled DT and aims to discuss the benefits, disadvantages, and potentials of the 5G-enabled DT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the evolution of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the construction industry from 2014 to 2023, focusing on enhancing security, communication, and maintenance. It combines in-depth analysis of 121 papers with visualizations of 507 articles from major databases such as SCOPUS, IEEE, ACM, Science Direct, and Google Scholar to map AI advancements in construction. The study found that security is established as a mature research domain, whereas communication and maintenance are at comparatively earlier stages of development. Specifically, the analysis reveals a shift from Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) to more sophisticated technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT), Virtual Reality (VR), blockchain, Building Information Modeling (BIM), and digital twins, which significantly improve security. Communication and maintenance have also evolved towards greater digital integration and predictive analytics. The integration of AI innovations with human expertise is emphasized as a strategic direction to enhance decision-making and operational efficiency in construction. [Display omitted] • Review the development of AI-driven studies in the construction sector. • AI evolution in construction security, communication and maintenance (2014–2023). • AI shifts to IoT, VR, blockchain, BIM, digital twins. • Challenges in data management, AI integration noted. • Predictive analytics, ethical AI use in future directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical travel and transnational healthcare involve various difficulties such as the distance and disconnect between patients and healthcare providers, language barriers or logistical challenges of moving ill bodies across space. Medical travel facilitation steps in with some sort of brokerage service that contributes to overcoming or managing these difficulties and, as this paper suggests, acts to create a quality of 'smoothness'. By unpacking three salient facilitation practices, namely connecting, communicating, and coordinating, this paper conceptualises the empirically derived category of 'smoothness'. This as a disposition, outcome, and spatio-temporal manoeuvre of medical travel facilitation. Based on the way in which such practices of mediation act to create smoothness, namely in an attentive, persistent, and collective tinkering manner, this paper suggests that some practices of medical travel facilitation are productively thought not just about setting up the possibility of care transnationally, but that they are key forms of care in itself. Based on these findings, smoothness is considered to be a central but also contested quality of medical travel facilitation and brokerage in a broader sense, but as proposed here, also for care. This conclusion potentially has implications not just for the study of transnational healthcare and mediation activities, but also that of care and transnational mobilities more generally. • Medical travel facilitation creates smoothness in mediating transnational healthcare. • Conceptualising smoothness as a disposition, outcome and spatio-temporal manoeuvre. • Brokerage and an STS-take on medical travel facilitation and care. • Smoothness as a quality of medical travel facilitation, brokerage and possibly care. • Medical travel facilitation between Oman and India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines question-response sequences, in which clinicians asked questions to child patients who appear to interact using means other than the verbal mode of communication. Conversation Analysis methods were used to study questions in 46 paediatric palliative care consultations. These questions were directed towards children who observably used vocalisations and embodied modes of communication (e.g., gaze, gesture and facial expressions) but did not appear to use the verbal mode. Most questions asked children either about their willingness and preferences for a proposed next activity, or their current feelings, experiences or intentions. Questions involved children by foregrounding their preferences and feelings. These questions occasioned contexts where the child's vocal or embodied conduct could be treated as a relevant response. This paper demonstrates how questions are used to involve children in consultations about their own healthcare, and how their views come to be understood by clinicians and family members, even when children interact using means other than the verbal mode of communication. Questions can be asked of both children who do and do not verbally communicate. When asking questions, clinicians should be mindful of the modes of communication an individual child uses to consider how the child might meaningfully respond. • Questions can be asked of both children who do and do not verbally communicate. • Questions involve children by foregrounding their preferences and feelings. • Children who use different modes of communication respond meaningfully to questions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Timely recognition of dying is important for high quality end-of-life care however, little is known about how clinicians recognise dying. Late recognition is common and can lead to futile treatment that can prolong or increase suffering and prevent a change in the focus of care. To explore how clinicians caring for dying people recognise that they are in the last days or hours of life, as well as the factors that influence the recognition of dying. A systematically constructed integrative review of the literature. Medline, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycInfo and Allied and Complementary Medicine were searched in July 2022. Papers were included if they were original research, discussed how clinicians recognise dying, available in English language and published in 2012 or later. A constant comparison approach was applied to the analysis and synthesis of the literature. 24 papers met the inclusion criteria. There were 3 main categories identified: 'Clues and signals' refers to prompts and signs that lead a clinician to believe a person is dying, incorporating the sub-categories 'knowing the patient over time', and 'intuition and experience'. 'Recognition by others' is where clinicians come to recognise someone is dying through others. This can be through a change in the context of care such as a tool or care plan or by communication with the team. 'Culture, system and practice' refers to the cultural beliefs of a setting that influences awareness of dying and denial of death as a possibility and avoidance of naming death and dying directly. System and practice of the setting also impact on recognition of dying. This involves work pace and intensity, shift systems and timing of senior reviews of patients. Uncertainty and its impact on recognition of dying are evident throughout the findings of this review. The seeking of certainty and the absence of the possibility of dying contributes to late recognition of dying. Recognition of dying is a complex process that occurs over time, involving a combination of intuition and gathering of information, that is influenced by contextual factors. A culture where dying is not openly acknowledged or even named explicitly contributes to late recognition of dying. A shared language and consistent terminology for explicitly naming dying are needed. Uncertainty is intrinsic to the recognition of dying and therefore a shift to recognising the possibility of dying rather than seeking certainty is needed. (PROSPERO) CRD42022360900. Registered September 2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As planners and policymakers in cities around the world struggle to attract and retain public transit users, this paper explores strategies to promote transit adoption in contexts where the odds are stacked against transit. Using travel behavior data from India's National Capital Region – one of the most congested metropolitan areas globally that is experiencing unprecedented growth in personal vehicle ownership and plummeting transit ridership – this study analyzes the choice of intra-urban (metro) rail over personal car for commute trips within a specific population sub-group that is fast adopting the personal car and exiting the transit market. The objective of this mode choice analysis that employs both logistic regression modeling and the propensity-score matching technique is to identify multi-modal service quality/performance factors that determine metro rail vs. car choice, and thereby recommend efficient and effective interventions for inducing car-to-transit switches in addition to retaining existing transit riders. Results suggest that increasing metro rail's travel time competitiveness relative to car (particularly for long distance commuters), service frequency and safety level, and raising car parking cost at the destination can increase the likelihood of choice of metro rail over car in the study context. Interestingly, increase in traffic congestion and travel time unreliability of the car mode are not expected to automatically boost the demand for metro rail use, all else equal. As the momentum towards more car adoption continues, this study shows that deteriorating traffic conditions may not push drivers out of cars; rather, public transit has to step up and pull drivers out of cars. For planners and policymakers, this study indicates that rather than passively waiting for driving conditions to worsen, they should proactively invest in transit service quality improvements. This study also highlights the importance of communicating service changes to the traveling public in order to efficiently translate interventions to behavior changes, given the dissonance between travelers' perceptions of multi-modal travel conditions and actual travel conditions. This paper further demonstrates that analysis of travelers' perception errors, including variation in error across travelers, is important for accurately modeling travel behavior changes in response to interventions. The findings add to the literature on mode choice analysis, and provide strategic advice for transit agencies in India and across other comparable contexts globally. • This study suggests ways to promote car-to-transit switches in fast-growing economies. • Regression analysis and propensity-score matching used to determine drivers of transit choice. • The importance of investing in fast, frequent and safe transit, and the role of parking cost are highlighted. • Traffic congestion and unreliability will not automatically boost transit demand. • Value of information communication and recognizing travelers' perception errors are underscored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes that a relevance-focused production heuristic plays a role in the production of communicative acts. The relevance-theoretic account of communication and other pragmatic theories focus on both communicators and their addressees, but there has been more focus on the pragmatic processes of comprehension than on communication, with few specific suggestions about the role of pragmatic processes in production. This paper outlines a research programme which aims to build on work by other researchers by making a proposal about this. The central claim is that production is constrained by at least one dedicated heuristic, which shares some properties with the relevance-guided comprehension heuristic proposed in earlier work. The main aim of the paper is to consider some questions about the nature of this heuristic and to propose an initial characterisation. The production of communicative acts is extremely complex. Our claim is that a production heuristic is one of many factors involved in this and that this proposal can help contribute to accounts of communicative behaviour. • Pragmatic principles play a role in the production of communicative acts. • A relevance-focused production heuristic constrains production processes. • This proposal contributes to understanding of the dynamic nature of co-constructed communicative interaction. • It also contributes to understanding of the construction and performance of identity in interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To determine which training methods positively influenced healthcare professionals' communication skills and families' deceased organ donation decision-making.Methods: An integrative review using systematic methods and narrative synthesis for data analysis. Electronic databases of PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (EBSCO), Embase (OVID) and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global, were searched between August 1997 and March 2020, retrieving 1019 papers. Included papers (n = 14) were appraised using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument.Results: Training programmes offered theory, experiential learning, feedback and debriefing including self-reflection, the opportunity to role-play and interact with simulated participants within realistic case scenarios. Programmes reported observed and self-rated improvements in communication learning and confidence. The methodological quality score averaged 13, (72% of maximum); few studies used an experimental design, examined behavioural change or families' perspectives. Weak evidence suggested training could increase organ donation authorisation/consent rates.Conclusions: Multiple training strategies are effective in improving interprofessional healthcare professionals' confidence and learning of specialised communication. Methodological limitations restricted the ability to present definitive recommendations and further research is warranted, inclusive of family decision-making experiences.Practice Implications: Learning of specialised communication skills is enhanced by using multiple training strategies, including role-play and debriefing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To understand how pharmacists develop patient-pharmacist communication skills.Methods: A realist synthesis approach was used to understand how educational interventions work to improve patient-pharmacist communication. Initial programme theories were developed through a scoping search and stakeholder focus groups (faculty, students, patients and public). A systematic search was then conducted for evidence to test initial theories. Included papers were assessed for relevance and rigour. Extracted data was synthesised to refine the initial programme theories and develop modified programme theories.Results: Forty-seven papers were included in the final synthesis. Role-play with simulated patients and peers, video recording and lectures were the most widely reported interventions. Repeated practice, feedback, reflection and confidence were among the mechanisms by which interventions work. Modified programme theories relating to interactions of role-play, experiential learning, video recording, self-assessment and workshops were developed.Conclusions: Outcomes of communication education interventions are influenced by the level of learner. Educational interventions that promote reflection are particularly useful.Practical Implications: There are a wide range of theory-informed interventions, which should be used in a programmatic approach to communications education. A longitudinal programme of communication skills training, with intervention choice based on level of learning, is important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports a laboratory experiment that provides insights on cooperation in R&D investment when knowledge sharing decisions are endogenous. Specifically, there are two types of treatments: one in which participants decide on whether to share knowledge before they make their investment decisions and one where the knowledge sharing constellation is exogenously given, both with and without non-binding communication. The results show that there are behavioral spillovers between the decisions on knowledge sharing and investment. When exogenously set, the degree of symmetric knowledge sharing does not affect cooperation. Communication increases cooperation more when participants can decide on knowledge sharing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Miscommunication between parents and healthcare providers in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) can affect family-provider relationships and outcomes. This paper reports on the development and psychometric testing of a measure for parent perceived miscommunication, defined as the failure to communicate clearly as perceived by relevant stakeholders in the PICU. Miscommunication items were identified through a review of the literature with interdisciplinary experts. In a cross-sectional quantitative survey, the scale was tested with 200 parents of children discharged from a PICU at a large Northeastern Level 1 Pediatric hospital. The psychometric properties of a 6-item miscommunication measure were assessed using exploratory factor analysis and internal consistency reliability. Exploratory factor analysis yielded one factor explaining 66.09% of the variance. Internal consistency reliability in the PICU sample was α = 0.89. As hypothesized, there was a significant correlation between parental stress, trust, and perceived miscommunication in the PICU (p <.001). Confirmatory factor analysis supported good fit indices in testing the measurement model (χ2/df = 2.57, Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) = 0.979, Confirmatory Fit Index (CFI) =0.993 and Standardized Mean Residual (SMR) = 0.0136). This new six-item miscommunication measure shows promising psychometric properties including content and construct validity, which can be further tested and refined in future studies of miscommunication and outcomes in PICU. Awareness of perceived miscommunication in the PICU can benefit stakeholders within the clinical environment by recognizing the importance of clear and effective communication and how language affects the parent-child-provider relationship. • Parents of hospitalized children face many difficult ethical challenges in communicating with the healthcare team. • Miscommunication in the pediatric intensive care setting can be measured by understanding the daily experiences of parents. • The perceived miscommunication scale exhibits good psychometric properties. • Perceived miscommunication is associated with higher levels of parental stress and parental trust in the pediatric intensive care setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an extension to the relational event model with change points (REM-CP) to study abrupt changes to social interaction behavior in temporal networks. A change point detection algorithm is proposed for exploring when and which network effects abruptly change, and a confirmatory approach to test the presence of a change point at a given moment. The effectiveness of the methodology was assessed with numerical simulations and NASA's Apollo 13 mission data. The latter revealed dynamic communication behavior and identified time zones where most change points occurred, including around the time of the famous quote "Houston, we've had a problem." • The strengths of some effects and therefore social dynamics, can change at certain points in time. • The REM with Change Points (REM-CP) builds on the relational event modeling framework and the Bayes factor and detects when the change points in social networks occur. • REM-CP can explore when and which network effects abruptly change in a specified period and test the presence of a change point at a given moment. • REM-CP can be a useful tool to analyze how teams work, communicate and how they handle critical situations. • Team resilience has been defined in many ways, but the most fitting with the analysis at hand (REM-CP) is that of "graceful extensibility". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potential for pragmatic insights to be enriched, and even generated, from investigation of people with communication disabilities has been vastly underutilised in theoretical pragmatics. An adequate pragmatic theory must account for the full range of human communication, including that of people with communication disabilities. A similar argument has been made regarding pragmatic explanations of the natural non-verbal behaviours accompanying speech, which has lagged behind exploration of non-natural linguistic meaning. These two domains – pragmatic research into the meaning of non-verbal behaviours and clinical research into the communicative strategies of people with aphasia (the communication disability that commonly follows a stroke) – have the potential to inform each other. This paper builds on the idea that a relevance-theoretic ostensive stimulus is typically a complex of linguistic elements, which usually convey propositional information, and non-verbal behaviours, which carry emotional or attitudinal information that supplement the verbal content. Many people with aphasia, however, rely much more heavily on the use of non-verbal behaviours. What do these convey? How can what is conveyed best be described and explained? This paper will use the 'bi-dimensional continuum' in which meaning and showing are plotted against determinate and indeterminate intended import (Sperber and Wilson 2015, p. 147) to demonstrate the complexity of non-verbal communication in dyads where one partner has aphasia. • Gesture is an important modality of communication for many people with aphasia. • Research has focused on 'symbolic' gesture, with little attention given to 'vague' use. • Relevance theory provides useful insights on gesture use in people with aphasia. • Vagueness in gesture use is a feature of human communication and may be effectively used in aphasia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emergency departments (EDs) are often first to feel the intra-hospital effects of disasters. Compromised care standards during disasters eventuate from increased demands on health resources; the facilities, supplies, equipment and manpower imperative for a functioning healthcare facility. Emergency departments must understand the effect of disasters on their health resources. This paper examines the impact on resources within the ED as a result of a disaster and provides a review against the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction's Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 priorities. An integrative literature review design was utilised. Articles were extracted from databases and search engines. The Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis Guidelines for systematic literature reviews were used. Seven papers met inclusion criteria. Disaster consumable stocking was used to mitigate disaster risk and improve resilience. Logistical challenges were exacerbated by poor building design. Ineffective human resource management, communications failure, insufficient ED space, diminished equipment and supplies and unreliable emergency power sources were described. Disaster planning and preparedness strategies can address health resource deficits, increasing ED resilience. Further retrospective case studies are required to greater understand the effects of disasters on ED health resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Artificial intelligence has also made great progress with the improvement. • Traditional toys cannot be compared with children's reading robots. • It can bear 100 kg of objects, and its speed is not much different from that of people. • Audrey speech recognition is a logo developed by AT&T Bell Laboratories. At present, there are many children accompanying robots. A key indicator to measure their performance is convenient and efficient human–computer interaction. The implementation of voice question-answering technology needs to solve three problems: voice recognition, the establishment of a knowledge base, and answer matching. As the front-end data entry, speech recognition accuracy is directly related to the answer-matching effect of the back-end question-answering system. Based on convolutional neural network and intelligent communication technology, this paper analyzes the characteristics of children's reading robot and designs and develops intelligent voice interaction function on the Android platform. The focus of this paper is on Chinese word segmentation and keyword extraction and matching in the interaction function. Further, we designed a simple question-and-answer database for the children's reading robot. In this paper, convolutional neural network connection timing is used as the feature parameter. Through a large number of experiments, the structure of the CNN network is constantly adjusted to minimize the word error rate, optimize the model recognition rate, and better identify users' voice problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compassion and empathy are integral to safe and effective patient care. However, to date, most studies have focused on exploring, defining, measuring and analysing empathy and compassion from the perspective of researchers or clinicians. There has been limited attention to the perspectives of patients. The objective of this scoping review was to map the literature to identify patients' views of healthcare provider behaviours that exemplify empathic and compassionate interactions. This review used the Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methodology. A comprehensive search of eight electronic databases was conducted with English language studies published in the last 10 years considered for inclusion. Database s earching resulted in 459 records for initial screening. After de-duplication and conducting a title and abstract review, 32 full-text articles were screened for eligibility. A total of 14 studies met the inclusion criteria and were critically reviewed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. The included papers profiled studies that had been conducted in clinical settings across seven countries. The healthcare encounters described in the papers were with a range of healthcare providers. Two overarching and interconnected categories of behaviours were identified as indicative of empathic/compassionate encounters: (1) communication skills such as listening, touch, body language, eye contact and positive demeanour; and (2) helping behaviours demonstrated by small acts of kindness that go beyond routine healthcare. Given the breadth of studies describing the positive impact of empathy/compassion on people's physical and psychosocial wellbeing, the results from this review are valuable and shed new light on patients' views and experiences. The results provide a deeper understanding of healthcare provider behaviours that exemplify empathic and compassionate healthcare interactions and can be used to inform the education and training of healthcare providers from all disciplines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integration of management information systems is crucial to optimizing internal and external processes in enterprises' environments. One of the technologies sup-porting this integration is OPC UA. An embedded automation device OPC UA server can transmit either dead-band tested analog attributes or all changes of ana-log attributes to OPC UA clients. Typically OPC UA server to OPC UA client data transmission is based on subscriptions. Subscription interval, sampling interval, and dead-band are usually controlled by OPC UA clients [1]. It is, however, desirable that OPC UA data traffic is controlled by automation de-vice control programs and the embedded OPC UA servers and not by OPC UA clients as specified in the norm. This is because the OPC UA server is the limiting component in the client sever communication scheme. Floating-point attributes in an automation device have small changes all the time, but in real-world plants, analog attributes do not necessarily have to be frequently communicated to OPC UA clients on small changes. In addition to an attribute dead-band test, changes in some attributes can safely be blocked a minimum time since the last attribute update before a new value is transmitted to the UA clients. Analog attributes can also be cyclically transmitted to OPC UA clients with a low frequency to ensure that they receive the exact attribute value after a set maximum time. This paper demonstrates an implementation of this communication scheme by using a device function block to control traffic between an OPC UA server and OPC UA clients for analog attributes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]