Search

BACKGROUND: Due to the unstable drug release rate of uniaxial bone scaffolds, multi-structure composite printing methods have been sought in and outside China in recent years. Currently, coaxial drug-loaded bone scaffolds, which combine drug-loaded sustained release system with bone transplantation and repair technology, not only replace the defective bone after implantation, but also release drugs slowly, providing a microenvironment conducive to bone formation at the implant site. OBJECTIVE: To explore and assess the in vitro antibacterial properties of uniaxial and coaxial minocycline hydrochloride bone scaffolds. METHODS: Rapid prototyping technology was used to prepare uniaxial hydroxyapatite/silk fibroin-polyvinyl alcohol scaffold, uniaxial hydroxyapatite/silk fibroin-polyvinyl alcohol scaffold, coaxial hydroxyapatite/silk fibroin-polyvinyl alcohol scaffold, and coaxial hydroxyapatite/silk fibroin-polyvinyl alcohol scaffold, respectively, which were named S1, S2, T1 and T2. The morphology, porosity, degradation performance, in vitro sustained-release performance and cytotoxicity of scaffolds were characterized. Four kinds of bone scaffolds were immersed in PBS to prepare the extracts at different time points (1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days). The qualitative filter paper was placed into the extract for 24 hours. The filter paper was co-cultured with Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum for 72 hours. The bacteriostatic effect of four groups of scaffolds was detected by the agar diffusion method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Scaffold characterization: Four groups of scaffolds were well formed. The surface of micro-wires in the S1 and S2 groups was dense and smooth, and the surface of micro-wires in the T1 and T2 groups was rough. Porosity was between 40%-47% and met the requirements of bone scaffolds. Compared with the S2 group, sustained release time was longer in the T2 group. The sustained release concentration of the drug was between 1- 10 μg/mL for a long time, which was more conducive to bacteriostasis and osteogenesis. After 10 weeks of immersion in PBS in vitro, the degradation rate of the coaxial printed bone scaffold was faster than that of the corresponding uniaxial printed bone scaffold, and the degradation rate of the coaxial loaded bone scaffold was lower than that of the coaxial non-loaded bone scaffold. The four groups of scaffold extracts were co-cultured with osteoblasts respectively. CCK-8 assay displayed that the cell proliferation rate was greater than 75%, which met the requirements of biocompatibility. (2) In vitro antibacterial effect: S1 and T1 did not have antibacterial activity. S2 and T2 had an obvious antibacterial effect. Under the extraction solution on day 28, the diameter of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum inhibition zone in the S2 group was smaller than that in the T2 group (P < 0.05). (3) These findings exhibit that hydroxyapatite/silk fibroin-polyvinyl alcohol scaffolds with coaxial minocycline have good physical properties and bacteriostatic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the bibliometric indicators of SCI papers in the field of pharmacy in China from 2010 to 2019 by Essential Science Indicators (ESI) and InCites databases, so as to know the status quo and development trend of pharmacy in China in the last decade. Methods: In search of papers from ESI and InCites databases, the publication time of papers for retrieval was set within the time span of 2010-2019, the research output location was "mainland China" and the research area was "pharmacology and pharmacy". Then，related SCI papers in the field of pharmacy contributed by researchers in mainland China from 2010 to 2019 were retrieved. Such vital data as publication years, specific journals, location of research institutions, international collaboration and funding for researches were analyzed statistically, and those papers with high influential impact were further retrieved and analyzed. Results: In the field of domestic pharmacy，a total of 81 679 SCI papers were published, including 13 720 international collaborative papers and 470 papers with high influential impact. The amount of SCI papers，the number of international collaborative papers and papers with high influential impact increased year by year. China had international collaboration with 129 countries or regions in the field of pharmacy，and 48 .49% of the papers were sponsored by domestic research funds. Conclusion: In recent 10 years, the scope of research in pharmacy at home has expanded gradually, academic influential impact has arisen steadily, and the number of international collaborative papers and papers with high influential impact has also increased quite noticeably. However, the quality of scientific papers as well as international collaboration demand further improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Exosomes have become one of the frontiers of biomedical research in recent years because of their promising applications in clinical diagnosis and therapy. OBJECTIVE: To reveal the basic research and technology development trend of exosomes at home and abroad, and provide suggestions for related scientific and technological research and development in China. METHODS: This paper presented a quantitative analysis of the overall research and development situation, the frontier hotspots and future development trends in this research area by means of bibliometric methods and tools. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The research and development hotspots in this area have entered a high growth phase with the application of new tools and methods. Many new technologies and products are facing clinical applications and markets with the development of a large number of clinical translation experiments. Comparative analysis at home and abroad reveals that China has made more remarkable achievements in basic research in this field, but there are still weaknesses in the possession of independent intellectual property rights, clinical technology translation, and regulatory system standardization and management, which need to be further strengthened in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: As an important grain-producing area and the most populous plain area in China, the groundwater resources in the North China Plain are seriously exploited for agricultural irrigation and domestic water use, and it is of great ecological significance and socio-economic value to accurately monitor the changes of groundwater storage in the region and continuously recharge and restore the groundwater. Methods: The gravity satellite data were used to invert the groundwater storage changes in the North China Plain, and compared and analyzed with the hydrological model, precipitation information, South-North water transfer project and groundwater well information, and proposed a method to integrate shallow groundwater storage changes and deep groundwater changes to obtain the contribution of total groundwater. Re⁃ sults: The results show that: (1) Both gravity satellite and global land data assimilation system model estimated water storage changes in the North China Plain exhibit obvious seasonal characteristics. (2) The correlation coefficients between the gravity satellite inversions and the shallow groundwater well estimations are consistent in terms of interannual variability, multi-year trend variability and seasonal variability, with correlation coefficient greater than 0.8. (3) Considering the contribution of deep groundwater, the estimated results of integrating shallow and deep groundwater well information and the gravity satellite inversions are in better agreement than those using only shallow groundwater, and indicate that shallow groundwater is the main variation of groundwater storage change. (4) From 2003 to 2017, groundwater in the North China Plain is in a long-term deficit state, with a gravity satellite estimated groundwater deficit rate of-1.3± 0.6 cm/a. From 2018 to 2020, the gravity satellite estimated groundwater deficit rate is −1.9±0.7 cm/a, which is almost consistent with the total groundwater deficit rate of -1.8±0.8 cm/a during the same period taking into account the deep groundwater; the groundwater trend in 2021 is increasing, and the growth rate of gravity satellite inversion is 12.7±1.8 cm/a, which is more consistent with the total ground-water well estimation in the same period. The correlation coefficient is 0.98, and the weighted fused total groundwater storage change is more consistent than that estimated by using only shallow groundwater. (5) Precipitation and North-South water transfer project have a direct impact on water storage changes in the North China Plain, making a significant contribution to the mitigation of groundwater storage deficits and groundwater restoration. Conclusions: The research method in this paper provides a new way to accurately observe groundwater storage changes in the North China Plain, and provides reliable verification of gravity satellite monitoring results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strengthening the supply of feed grain is an important starting point for stabilizing the supply and demand of feed grain market and promoting the high-quality development of animal husbandry. Based on the monthly data samples of feed grain supply and demand structure from January 2006 to December 2022, this paper uses the VAR model to empirically analyze the feed grain supply and demand structure in China. The results showed that maize supply had the most obvious influence on feed grain supply and demand structure, followed by urban and rural residents' consumption of livestock products, and rice supply was the lowest. From the perspective of supply, the main influencing factors of feed grain supply and demand structure change include maize supply, soybean meal supply, sorghum supply, and wheat supply. From the perspective of demand, the consumption of livestock products by urban and rural residents was the main factor affecting the change of feed grain supply and demand structure. From the perspective of emergencies, natural disaster risk index was not the Granger cause of the change of feed grain supply and demand structure. Under ignoring other factors, the contribution rate of natural disaster risk index to the change of feed grain supply and demand structure after seven weeks was 23.62%. Research shows that changes in the supply and demand structure of feed grains are mainly influenced by factors such as corn supply, consumption of livestock products by urban and rural residents, soybean meal supply, sorghum supply, wheat supply, and natural disaster risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The International Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) issued a new version of the general rules on food hygiene in 2020, which revised and improved the structure, definition and technical contents of the standard, clarified the important role of good hygiene practices in food safety management, and emphasized the advantages of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCPL) in dealing with more complex food safety issues. It also added the latest achievements of standardization research in the field of food safety in recent years, such as allergen control and food safety culture. By comparing the new version of the standard with the 2003 edition of general principles of food hygiene, this paper expounds and analyzes the main changes of the new version of the standard in detail, so as to provide reference for the formulation and implementation of food-related standards in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collaboration in the prevention and control of water resource disasters is an important part of the prevention and cooperation of international river conflicts. It is also an important means to promote the de-securitization of water resources. Taking the Ili River and Lancang-Mekong River, two typical transboundary rivers in China, as the objects of analysis, this paper identifies the deficiencies in disaster early warning and emergency management of transboundary rivers in China from the perspectives of breadth, depth, and closeness. The main existing problems are summarized as follows: (J) There is no mature collaborative management mechanism for water resource disasters within the basin with an integrated platform to share data, predict disasters, formulate strategies, and communicate information. © Due to the lack of an efficient two-way disclosure system, there is little information sharing among the basin countries. © Special funds for water resource cooperation in the basin are far from enough, and they are characterized as scattered, small in amount, and intermittent. Accordingly, this paper proposes four principles for collaborative management over transboundary river disasters: information sharing, equal consultation, no significant harm, and integrated planning. Furthermore, a mechanism for disaster early warning and emergency cooperative management over transboundary rivers is proposed, including a special fund for basin water resource cooperation, an information sharing system, a disaster risk assessment system, and an emergency management decision system. Safeguard measures to support the operation of the management mechanism are put forward, including joint construction of water conservancy projects, technical assistance, interest compensation, legal system construction, fund establishment, disaster insurance, and so on. The mechanism proposed in this paper can not only make up for the deficiencies of the existing management mechanism framework of transboundary rivers in China, but also provide a reference for the implementation of disaster early warning and emergency management of other transboundary rivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Italy is one of China's most important tourist countries in South Europe. Based on official statistics and big data, this paper analyzes the characteristics of Italian visiting-China market in depth. The results show that: ①In terms of the inter-annual development stages, the Italian visiting-China market has gone through two main stages of volatile growth and steady de‐ velopment since 1980. ② In terms of demographic characteristics, Italian tourists are mostly male, youth, and business type. ③In terms of seasonal changes during the year, the peak sea‐ sons are mainly from March to May and July to November, the normal seasons are January and June, and the off-seasons are February and December. ④In terms of the spatial distribution of tourists, the regions most visited by Italian tourists are Shanghai, Zhejiang, Beijing, Shaanxi, Guangdong, Yunnan and some other provinces. ⑤In terms of air passenger behavior preference, inbound air passengers mainly book through retail travel agencies, mostly choose economy class, and stay in China for a long time. ⑥In terms of total per capita consumption and composition, tourists have strong spending power, and their consumption is based on basic consumption such as long-distance transportation, accommodation, catering, and scenic sightseeing. Finally, in or‐ der to provide theoretical guidance and practical enlightenment for the development of China's inbound tourism in the post-pandemic era, this paper puts forward market recovery suggestions in the fields of restarting the China-Italy culture and tourism year, business tourism market, im‐ proving the level of tourist facilitation, and deepening the inbound tourism industry chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective This paper discusses the quality requirements of ethane for the production of ethylene to determine the different quality requirements of ethane for different utilization and transportation ways, and further discusses the detection methods of different quality indicators of ethane in order to provide technical support for the relevant industry producing ethane from natural gas.Methods This paper mainly refers to the quality requirements of ethane products in the American Gas Processing Engineering Data Manual (GPSA) and the PetroChina enterprise standard of Q/SY 01027-2019 Technical specification of ethane extracted from natural gas. Based on these two documents, the quality requirements and indexes of gaseous and liquid ethane products in China were studied and discussed intensively, respectively. Results The ethane products may be divided into three classes according to their gaseous and liquid characteristics. Ethane products come from natural gas, so it is appropriate to use natural gas sampling method for sampling and to use related analysis and test standards of natural gas for its main quality determination. Conclusions At present, there are no national or industrial standards for ethane products in China. It is suggested that the relevant departments should faciliate the development process of national or industrial standards for ethane products to uniformly regulate the quality indicators, classification, inspection rules and delivery acceptance of ethane products. And then it can provide technical support for the implementation of ethane recovery projects, as well as promote the establishment of China’s ethane market and production system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medium-low temperature magmatic hydrothermal gold deposits are widely distributed and large in scale, accounting for about 65 % of the gold deposits in China, which is the main mineral source of gold in China. In the process of prospecting, different types of deposits correspond to different prospecting methods. The determination of the metallogenic model of deposits can provide theoretical support for prospecting as well as theoretical guidance for mineral exploration and prediction. In view of this, the ontology construction and inference mechanism of medium-low temperature magmatic hydrothermal gold deposits are studied in this paper with reference to prospecting and prediction theory of exploration area. Using Protege ontology modeling software, the ontology modeling of the deposit is completed. Based on the SWRL inference rule language, the genesis type of the deposit is defined by inference rules. A set of ontology inference mechanisms oriented to the deposit type discrimination is designed. The inference is completed with the HermiT inference device. After a lot of experiments, the ontology inference method of the deposit genesis type proposed in this paper has a good application effect in the discrimination of gold deposit genesis types and can be widely used in the discrimination of other types of deposit genesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Autophagy has become a rapidly developing research hotspot in the biomedical fields. Many researchers are actively exploring the molecular regulatory mechanism of autophagy in a variety of diseases. However, the role of autophagy in hair growth is still unknown. OBJECTIVE: To review the current research progress and application value of autophagy in hair growth and regeneration, to understand the role of autophagy in hair growth, to explore the pathogenesis of autophagy in pathological hair loss, and to provide new ideas for the study of drugs for hair loss. METHODS: Using “hair follicle growth, hair growth, hair regeneration, autophagy associated proteins, autophagy activity, autophagy associated genes, autophagy” as Chinese search terms and “hair growth, hair follicle, hair regeneration, autophagy” as English search terms, PubMed and CNKI databases were searched. The research progress on autophagy, hair growth and the role of autophagy in hair growth in and outside China in recent years was reviewed and summarized. Articles incompatible with the subject content of the paper were excluded. Finally, 78 articles were included for the result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Autophagy is a normal metabolic process in eukaryotes with complex molecular mechanisms and functional properties, which is beneficial to cell survival and cell death. (2) Alopecia-related diseases are associated with changes in autophagy activity, which can regulate hair growth cycle. Knockout or overexpression of autophagy-related genes can change the state of hair growth. Multiple autophagy related signaling pathways have been found to be related to hair follicle growth. Activators or inhibitors of autophagy can be used to treat or prevent hair loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Currently, electrospun nanofibers, which are biomimetic materials of natural extracellular matrix and contain a three-dimensional network of interconnected pores, have been successfully used as scaffolds for various tissue regeneration, but are still faced with the challenge of extending the biomaterials into three-dimensional structures to reproduce the physiological, chemical as well as mechanical properties of the tissue microenvironment. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the process and principles of electrostatic spinning and to explore the applications of the resulting electrospun nanofibers in tissue regeneration of skin, blood vessels, nerves, bone, cartilage and tendons/ligaments. METHODS: With “electrospinning, electrospun nanofibers, electrospun nanofiber scaffolds, tissue regeneration” as the Chinese and English search terms, Google Academic Database, PubMed, and CNKI were searched, and finally 88 articles were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The electrospun nanofibers are a natural fibrous extracellular matrix mimetic material and contain a three-dimensional network of interconnected pores that have been successfully used as scaffolds for a variety of tissue regeneration applications. (2) Several papers have described the great potential of electrospun nanofiber scaffolds applied to the regeneration of skin, blood vessels, nerves, bones, cartilage and tendons/ ligaments, providing a solid theoretical basis for its final application in clinical disease treatment, or for its transformation into practical products to enter the market. (3) However, the current research results are mostly based on cell experimental research results in vitro, and whether it can be finally applied to human body still needs clinical verification. (4) At present, many kinds of electrospun products for various clinical needs have been commercialized in and outside China, indicating that the research field of electrospun nanofiber scaffolds for soft and hard tissue regeneration has great research value and application potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intensive scale feeding of cattle and sheep in China co-exists with the traditional grazing mode. The traditional grazing mode is easily affected by climate, season and other factors, and the unstable forage supply and unbalanced feed nutrition become the restricting factors for the development of the cattle and sheep industry. The use of a total mixed diet can not only solve the problem of nutritional instability of cattle and sheep feed, improve production efficiency, but also make full use of agricultural and industrial by-products, protect the environment, and achieve green, healthy and sustainable development of the cattle and sheep industry. The paper reviews the research progress of the preparation principle and technology of total mixed diet and its effect on the production stage of cattle and sheep, aiming to provide a reference for the use of total mixed diet in the production of cattle and sheep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the last two decades, although China has made remarkable progresses and achievements in space industry, there is still a considerable gap in side of technology and management between other space powers. In order to improve the international competitiveness of Chinese space and speed up the construction of Chinese space security and technology safety, it is urgent to evaluate and optimize the efficiency of space engineering management as the important basis for decision-making and management. With the connotation of spacecraft engineering management, this paper selects balanced scorecard (BSC) for spacecraft engineering management evaluation. The method designs a kind of a four-dimensional evaluation index framework with concrete items, which integrates characteristics of aerospace into the traditional dimension of value, customer, operational management process, growth and development, and combines index weight and expert estimation. Finally, this paper lists out evaluation cases as summarization of BSC problems and concerns, and proposes space project management evaluation assumption, hoping it can help space engineering moving in the direction of high quality, high efficiency and high benefit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The core of low-carbon development lies in reducing carbon sources and increasing carbon sinks, and the construction of free trade zones (FTZs), as an experimental field for China' s comprehensively deepening reforms, is of great significance to urban lowcarbon development. Based on the panel data from 288 cities in China from 2007 to 2020, this paper first comprehensively evaluated the carbon neutrality levels of cities from two aspects: carbon emission and sequestration. Then, it used the multi-period difference-indifferences method and the spatial Durbin model to explore the 'low carbon effect' of the establishment of FTZs. The results showed that: the establishment of FTZs had a significant impact on the low-carbon development of the cities where they were located. Specifically, the establishment of FTZs could drive urban low-carbon development from within the cities by improving their digitization and resource allocation efficiency. At the same time, increased government attention to green development enhanced the carbon emission disincentive and boosted carbon uptake facilitation, fostering a more robust urban low-carbon development. Moreover, the carbon emission suppression effect, carbon absorption promotion effect, and carbon neutral effect of establishing the FTZs varied according to the batches of the establishment, city location, and city characteristics. The 'low-carbon effect' of the first two batches of FTZs, the region south of the Qinling-Huaihe River, and the cities with a higher degree of openness were more pronounced overall. Furthermore, the establishment of the FTZs also had a certain spatial spillover effect on urban low-carbon development. Based on these findings, the paper suggests prioritizing top-level design, exerting comparative advantages, and promoting the low-carbon development benchmark area in a gradient manner. Acceleration of trade facilitation and digital financial reform, promotion of the digital transformation of traditional industries with advantages, and encouragement of digital and low-carbon deep integration are also recommended. The introduction of highquality foreign investment should be combined with the improvement of the effectiveness of supervision and services to improve the efficiency of resource allocation. The study proposes leveraging digital platforms and free trade alliances to maximize the FTZs' catalytic effects. Overall, this study offers significant theoretical and practical insights for enhancing the construction of the FTZs, promoting urban low-carbon development, and advancing towards the goal of carbon neutrality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A good eco-environment is the fairest public product and most beneficial to people' s livelihood and well-being. Everyone has the right to enjoy a safe and healthy living environment; however, it is undeniable that environmental inequality has been a longterm problem. How to achieve efficiency and equity in environmental governance is an important issue to be further explored. Previous studies have mostly discussed the influencing factors of environmental inequality from the perspectives of race and income level, but few studies have explored the impact of policy instruments and their mixes on environmental inequality. To make up for this deficiency, this paper used the Williamson coefficient to measure the environmental inequality coefficient of 25 provinces and regions from 2003 to 2019, based on the data of SO2 emissions from 278 prefecture-level cities, and empirically examined the complex relationship between policy instruments and environmental inequality with the fixed effect panel model and the threshold effect model. It was found that: ① The overall provincial environmental inequality in China showed a trend of slowly decreasing and then rising, and there was obvious regional heterogeneity between the eastern, central, and western regions. In addition, there existed a mismatch phenomenon of improving environmental quality and increasing inequality. Therefore, how to improve the environmental welfare of the minority has become the focus of environmental governance. ② Command-and-control policy instruments alleviated provincial environmental inequality to some extent due to their focus on fairness and public demands, while market-based policy instruments significantly aggregated provincial environmental inequality due to their features of pursuing governance efficiency. ③ The higher the level of pollution and innovation, the better for command-and-control policy instruments to alleviate provincial environmental inequality. Market-based policy instruments would aggravate environmental inequality at a low level of pollution and a high level of innovation. Based on the above conclusions, this paper proposes that environmental governance should be promoted and environmental inequality should be alleviated in such aspects as paying attention to the equity of pollution distribution, designing reasonable policy mixes, and finding differentiated governance paths. This study has important implications for selecting policy instruments, improving policy-making ability, and eliminating environmental inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Yangtze River Basin is an important part of China's ecology and social economy, and the land use/cover status is experiencing rapid changes. As the development of remote sensing technology, the Internet of things and social media, we can obtain huge, multi-dimensional relevant data of land use/cover, the process of land use/cover, driving factors and ecological response of research, the development of the Yangtze river basin planning and ecological protection provides a decision-making basis. First, this paper reviews the current research on land use/cover change in the Yangtze river basin, and then expounds the re⁃ search methods and conclusions in terms of the driving mechanism and ecological effects of land use/cover change. Finally, this paper discusses the difficulties and challenges faced by existing researches from the differences of land use/cover products, regional driving factors, complexity of ecological environmental change process and comprehensive evaluation of ecological service value and the possible directions of future researches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background--With the implementation of "The Opinions on Establishing and Improving the Value Realization Mechanism of Ecological Products" in 2021, the value realization of the ecological products is a bridge connecting the ecological protection and economic construction of the forest areas after the reform of the state-owned forest areas in Northeast China. (2) Methods--Based on the ecological niche theory, this paper took the understory ecological products in the state-owned forest areas of Northeast China as the research object, firstly sorted out and summarized the previous literature studies and relevant data, analyzed the current situation of the value realization of the understory ecological products from four aspects of resources, environments, demands and technologies ecological niches, then found out the dilemmas faced in the value realization of the understory ecological products, and finally innovatively put forward a new model to realize the value of the understory ecological products. (3) Results--From the perspective of ecological niche, this paper innovatively combines the ecological niche theory with the value realization of the understory ecological products in the state-owned forest areas of Northeast China, and analyzes the dilemmas encountered in the value realization of the understory ecological products from four aspects: resource niche, environment niche, demand niche and technology niche: the narrow resource niche and inadequate exploitation and utilization of the ecological product resources, environment niche to be improved and lack of specific development policies for the understory ecological products, inaccurate grasp of demand niche and uncoordinated value realization of the ecological products with economic development needs, few technology niche levels and lagging technological innovation of the ecological products in the stateowned forest areas, and then puts forward the new model of realizing the value of the understory ecological products in the state-owned forest areas of Northeast China. (4) Conclusions and Discussions--First, expand the width of resource niche and adopt the resource development model of "original ecological breeding + forest X". Develop the original ecological breeding model according to local conditions and strengthen the construction of hardware and software. Second, optimize the environment niche and gradually form the market transformation model of "EODF+ understory ecological products". Reconstruct the ecological network of the state-owned forest areas in Northeast China, establish a good ecological foundation, use EODF mode to bundle ecological environmental protection and restoration of the forest areas and management of the understory ecological products, improve the efficiency of market transformation of the understory ecological products, comprehensively calculate the joint development projects and implement internal regurgitation-feeding of the projects. Third, obtain the demand niche advantage and accurately adopt the demand expansion model of "scenic areas and cities integration + multi-core attraction". With the scenic areas in the forest areas as the core, form the scenic areas and cities integration system, implement cross-border linkage and multicore attraction to create the demand for the understory ecological products and avoid the phenomenon of ecological niche overlap based on the real market demand. Fourth, improve the level of technology niche and adopt the value realization model of "blockchain + understory ecological products". Manage and record the whole process of the understory ecological products from the forest areas to production in real time by using blockchain technology to ensure product quality and safety, and carry out the digital management of the understory ecological products in the state-owned forest areas of Northeast China by using blockchain technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the 12th Five-Year Plan, large-scale and long-term haze pollution has become a major bottleneck restricting China ’s high-quality development and ecological civilization construction. Facing the pressures of economic development and environmental governance, innovation, and technological progress is a win-win choice for China to achieve economic growth and improve air quality. Based on patent stock and PM2.5 concentration data of 282 prefecture-level cities from 2004 to 2019, this paper constructed two instrumental variables, namely, administrative protection of intellectual property rights and public innovation environment and analyzed the effects and mechanisms of innovation on haze pollution by the two-stage least square method. The study found that the use of air flow coefficient, temperature inversion days, and rainfall could effectively control the spatial diffusion of haze, and both green innovation and non-green innovation can significantly reduce haze pollution. It was found that, after adding instrumental variables, the invention patent and utility-model patent were the most effective in haze treatment, and the haze control effect of non-green patents exceeded that of green patents. Heterogeneity analysis showed that the haze control effect of the patent stock in the eastern and central cities was relatively strong, and the effect of innovation to curb haze was strengthened after 2012. Furthermore, in cities with abundant human capital and a high degree of marketization, innovation was more conducive to reducing PM2.5. The test on the intermediate mechanism showed that green patents could achieve haze management front-end prevention and end treatment through industrial green transformation and energy efficiency improvement, while non-green patents could play a role through allot efficiency improvement mechanisms. The above conclusions are still valid after a series of robustness tests, such as changing indicators and considering the spatial spillover effect of haze pollution. Based on the empirical results, this paper puts forward the following policy recommendations: local governments should strengthen the intellectual property protection system, promote more investment and incentive policies for green technology innovation, encourage high-quality innovation output at the ecological level, and improve urban air quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 is spreading rapidly around the world. In order to diagnose it quickly and accurately and thus block the chain of epidemic transmission, the study proposed a deep learning-based classification network DLDA-A-DenseNet. Firstly, DenseNet-201 combined deep layer dense aggregation to aggregate feature information at different stages to enhance its ability to identify and localize lesions. Secondly, this paper proposed efficient multi-scale long-range attention to refine the aggregated features. Moreover, this paper used a balanced sampling training strategy to eliminate the bias for the class imbalance problem of CT image dataset. Testing on the China consortium of chest CT image investigation dataset, the method improved 2.24%,3.09%,2.09%,2.60% and 3.48% in accuracy, recall, precision, F1 score and Kappa coefficient compared with DenseNet-201,and achieved an optimal accuracy of 99.50% on COVID-CISet image dataset. The results show that the proposed COVID-19 CT image classification method can fully extract the lesion features of CT slices compared with other methods, and has higher classification accuracy and good generalizability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to fully understand the construction of chemistry textbooks for higher education in the foreign countries and provide a reference for the construction of chemistry textbooks in China, this paper investigates the development and status quo of foreign chemistry teaching materials, and analyzes the construction, discipline structure and technical characteristics of foreign chemistry teaching materials, based on the construction history and content of Foreign Teaching Materials Center of Chemistry. This paper reveals the problems existing in the construction of foreign chemistry textbooks in China, and puts forward some suggestions on promoting the construction of foreign chemistry textbooks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recirculating aquaculture is one of the main development directions of aquaculture in the future. The excessive enrichment of CO2 in the system will affect the filtration efficiency of biofilter and the growth and development of aquaculture objects. Therefore,the efficient removal of CO2 is the key technology in the whole circulating aquaculture system. In the development process of China’s circulating aquaculture industry for more than 30 years,various CO2 removal technologies have become increasingly mature. This paper focuses on the application status of industrial recirculating aquaculture system at home and abroad,introduces the source, harm and basic principle of CO2 removal in recirculating aquaculture system,summarizes the characteristics and research progress of three CO2 removal processes of gas exchange method,chemical method and ecological method,summarizes and compares the advantages of various removal technologies. In view of the problems of single method,large space occupied by main facilities and high cost of CO2 removal,this paper puts forward some future development countermeasures,such as the combination of various removal processes,intensive operation of equipment system,optimization of removal process and intelligent equipment. The purpose of this study is to provide reference for the optimization of CO2 efficient removal technology and the development of special equipment for industrial recirculating aquaculture in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China' s economy is in the midst of a crucial transition from high-speed growth to high-quality development. Strengthening the rigid constraint of water resources and curbing the disorderly expansion of high water-consuming enterprises are crucial to alleviating structural overcapacity and realizing economic development transformation from a resource-driven to an innovation-driven mode. Based on the data of A-share listed companies from 2010 to 2021, this paper explored the impact of the water resource 'fee-to-tax' policy on the over-investment of high water-consuming enterprises from the perspectives of free cash flow and technological innovation. The research results showed that levying a water resource tax could significantly inhibit the over-investment of high water-consuming enterprises, and the conclusion was still robust after a series of robustness tests (the parallel trend test, the placebo test, the PSM-DID, changing the measurement method of explained variables, excluding other policy influences, and the instrumental variable test). The mechanism analysis showed that levying a water resource tax could restrain over-investment by reducing the free cash flow of high water-consuming enterprises and stimulating technological innovation. At the same time, the restraining effect of water resource taxes on excessive investment in high water-consuming enterprises was more obvious in state-owned enterprises, enterprises with higher financing constraints, and those with higher water intensity. Based on the above conclusions, this paper holds that the water resource 'fee-to-tax' policy should be continuously improved, and the incentive mechanism of water resource tax should be improved while increasing the promotion of water consumption monitoring equipment. The flexibility of policy implementation should be strengthened, and different strategies should be adopted to guide high water-consuming enterprises with different operating conditions and investment cycles to change their production methods and investment behaviors. To implement the policy of 'giving priority to saving water' systematically, we should not only strengthen the water-saving supervision, but also raise the awareness of water users to save water voluntarily. By exploring the impact of water resource tax on the over-investment of high water-consuming enterprises, this paper attempts to deepen the understanding of the water resource 'fee-to-tax' policy, enrich the relevant literature in the field of resource regulation research, and provide a policy reference for realizing the coordinated development of economy, society, and resource carrying capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assuming responsibility for emission reduction is an important part of participating in the global governance of climate change. Countries with a carbon neutrality target now cover about 75% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Carrying out fairness evaluations of their carbon neutrality targets provide a strong basis for the global carbon inventory. In this paper, the target years of carbon neutrality for major countries and regions under the global target of 2 °C and 1.5 °C are studied using the burden sharing model. On this basis, this paper simulates the possible pathways of carbon neutrality and evaluates the ambition of emission reduction targets in terms of annual emission reduction, per capita emission, and cumulative per capita emission. The results show that, from the perspective of equity, most of the developing countries cannot meet the global goal of 1.5 °C. The United States and the European Union nations could achieve carbon neutrality by 2050 by continuing their annual emission reductions under their existing NDC targets. However, to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060, China's annual emission reduction rate from 2030 to 2050 will be 6.7%, and the annual amount of emission reduction accounts for 51% of the global amount under the 1.5 °C target. Meanwhile, China would become the main force behind global cumulative emissions in the following decades. Thus, the emission reduction pathways China chooses will have an important impact on global climate mitigation progress. Based on the above research conclusions, this paper proposes that developed countries and developing countries should explore bilateral or multilateral cooperation in technology and finance in the field of climate change. Under the great pressure to achieve carbon neutrality, China needs to carry out research on the overall emission reduction pathways as soon as possible and clarify the paths at the scale of sectors, industries, provinces, and time stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The promotion policies of the new energy vehicle (NEV) industry have evolved over time along with its rapid development in China. The NEV market has advanced to a new level where it complies with international practices and fully accommodates competition. Studying the market implications of the NEV promotion policy adjustment is of significant theoretical and practical value given the subsidy withdrawal, technological advancement, and sales growth. Based on interrupted time series analysis, this paper used 60 monthly time points from January 2017 to December 2021 to construct a time-series data set. Taking promotion policy adjustment as a policy variable, this paper estimated the market effect disparities of promotion policies in major cities in China through counterfactual analysis, and the special phenomenon of NEV sales climbing caused by subsidy withdrawal was further analyzed. Furthermore, the study findings were verified by robustness and heterogeneity tests. The result showed that: 1 After several adjustments, the national NEV promotion policy achieved remarkable results in the first-tier and new first-tier cities and other developed areas in general. 2 The key factor to promote the NEV market was technological advancement, and the essence of subsidy withdrawal was to promote more rapid technological innovation among relevant enterprises by raising the threshold of subsidy technology and eliminating backward production capacity. It was the subsidy withdrawal that led to sales growth. 3 The policy of relaxing curbs on NEV purchases failed to significantly promote the sales of NEVs and did not seem to be unsustainable, so it should not be regarded as a key promotion policy in the future. It is suggested that the pertinent departments shift their promotion policies in favor of the user side, increase investment in NEV technology research and development, accelerate the elimination of backward production capacity through policies and regulations, adjust the license number plate support policy for new energy vehicles in due course, and further improve the double-credit policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High precision gravity observation is an important tool of seismological research and has played an important role in earthquake prediction in China in recent years. This paper first briefly introduces the development status and classification of gravity observation instruments, then compares the seismic gravity observations and researches for seismic events between China and Japan from the aspects of the scale of the seismic gravity observation network, the gravity data processing process and the interpretation of gravity observation results, and finally systematically analyzes the challenges faced by the gravity observation re⁃ search in China. The aim of this paper is to provide some reference and enlightenment for the follow-up work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background--The key and difficult point for all Chinese people to achieve common prosperity lies in some remote mountainous areas and forest areas, because these areas are highly overlapping areas of " old areas, ethnic minorities areas, border areas and poor areas" and they are the most unbalanced and inadequate areas of China's development. However, these areas are rich in forest resources. Forests are "reservoirs" "grain depots" "money banks" and "carbon pools". The realization quality of forests as "four repositories" is closely related to the realization degree of common prosperity. Giving full play to the role of forests as "four repositories" can not only promote the modernization of remote mountainous areas and forest areas, shorten the gap between urban and rural areas, but also an important cornerstone for promoting common prosperity. (2) Methods--This paper firstly analyzed the theoretical logic and historical logic of forests as "four repositories" promoting common prosperity by using historical analysis and case analysis, then discussed the practical logic of forests as "four repositories" promoting common prosperity by using case analysis, and finally put forward the realistic paths of forests as "four repositories" promoting common prosperity. (3) Results Forest is a "money bank", which contains its natural attributes, reflecting that forest re sources can be transformed into economic benefits, and it is consistent with the " two mountains" concept of "clear waters and green mountains are as valuable as mountains of gold and silver". Forest is a "reservoir", which contains its spiritual attributes, reflects the balance of forest and water and the symbiotic relationship of forest and water. Forest is a "carbon pool", which contains its social attributes, it is conducive to the moral awakening of social ecological protection, and improving the distribution system based on the principles of fairness and justice. Forest is a "grain depot", which contains its historical attributes, it demonstrates the bottom line thinking of maintaining food security, holding well and holding firmly China's rice bowls, and is of great significance to enhancing the people's sense of gain, happiness and security on the grain issue. (4) Conclusions and Discussions--This paper puts forward the following paths to give full play to the role of forests as " four repositories" to promote common prosperity: First, strive to form a value realization mechanism of forest ecological products with the government as the lead and the market as the main body. We can learn from the advanced experiences such as Costa Rica's horizontal payment for forest ecological services, Finland's biodiversity protection and ecological compensation system based on the voluntary participation of forest farmers and the signed agreements through negotiations, and Zhejiang's " 10,000 yuan per acre mountain" model to enrich the people, so as to give full play to the role of forests as "money banks" to ensure the rich wealth of people in remote mountainous areas and forest areas. Second, give full play to the role of forests as "reservoirs", realize the spatio-temporal regulation of water resources, and promote the realization of forest functions such as purifying water quality, regulating climate and beautifying the environment. Third, vigorously seek food from forests, which will help ease the pressure on arable lands, ensure grain and oil security, and effectively promote the efficiency of forestry and increase the income of forest farmers. Fourth, give full play to the role of forests as "carbon pools" and enhance the capacity of forest carbon sequestration and sinks. It is conducive to giving full play to the role of " carbon sinks" forestry in climate changes in the context of the " double carbon" era, and better achieve the goal of improving the forest governance system and promoting the common prosperity of remote mountainous areas and forest areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through literature retrieval summary, this paper has analyzed the progress of medicine supply policy for rare disease drug in China in the past 5 years and the patterns of medicine supply policy for rare disease drugs implemented by various local governments. The United States and other developed countries have an early start in the definition, regulations and drug development incentives of rare diseases, and also have established a relatively robust system of medicine supply for rare disease. China is gradually establishing medicine supply policy for rare disease drug to promote access to medicines for patients with rare diseases. In order to establish a systematic policy system for rare diseases, this paper proposes that China can further promote the improvement from the aspects of system guarantee, resource guarantee and implementation guarantee to ensure drug accessibility for patients with rare diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geological reference material is a primary standard to ensure the accuracy of geological sample analysis results. After more than 40 years of development, China has developed and certified thousands of geological reference materials covering different media such as rock, ore, soil, sediment, organism, and water. China’s metrological management department divides the certified reference material into two classes according to the classification class, the first-class reference material (GBW) and the second-class reference material [GBW(E)]. According to their attributes and application fields, they are divided into 13 categories, and the geological reference materials belong to the seventh category [GBW07 and GBW(E)07]. It can be seen from the National Sharing Platform for Reference Materials (https://www.ncrm.org.cn) that by the end of the 13th Five-Year Plan, the total number of geological reference materials approved by the State Administration for Market Regulation is 1013, including 718 first-class certified reference materials, and the amount of first-class certified reference materials ranks first in the 13 categories (Fig.1). Geological materials are the most important and basic raw materials in the development of human society, with various types, complex components, and large differences in component content. It is because of the complexity of geological materials and the demand for reliable quantitative analysis that thousands of geological reference materials have been developed. Some reference materials developed by some industrial geological agencies are classified into other categories in classification management, such as isotope reference materials belonging to the fourth category, biological composition reference materials belonging to the tenth category, coal reference materials belonging to the eleventh category, these reference materials are widely used in related geological work, and in this paper they will be classified as geological reference materials. To systematically grasp the development status of geological reference materials in China, the first-class geological certified reference materials are comprehensively sorted, and are divided into six categories according to the type of matrix, property value and application scope: basic, ore, marine, environment, energy and special purpose (Table 1), and the development situation of each type, matrix characteristics and fixed value index respectively are summarized. On the basis of summarizing the results, on one hand, the main problems existing in the application of geological reference materials and the causes of these problems are analyzed. On the other hand, the detailed technical problems that may affect the uncertainty in the process of homogeneity, stability and characterization are discussed, and the views and suggestions are expounded. In this paper, the first-class geological certified reference materials are divided into the following six categories to summarize the development of each type： 　　(1) 260 basic geological reference materials have been developed, the type of matrix including rock, soil and river sediments. The characteristic components of the certified value are generally 70 elements and compounds, which are mainly used as monitoring standards for sample analysis in basic geological surveys and research. 　　(2) 272 ore geological reference materials have been developed, including precious metal ore, metal ore, single mineral, and non-metallic ore. The specific mineral types are shown in Table 1. There are generally 20 property values, which are the main technical indicators in mineral exploration. They are mainly used as a monitoring standard for geological exploration, mineral processing and smelting, comprehensive utilization, commodity inspection and trade amongst other fields. 　　(3) 16 marine geological reference materials have been developed, including marine sediments and marine minerals. The specific samples include 10 marine sediment reference materials namely, 1 near sea, 1 Yellow Sea, 2 South China Sea, 1 East China Sea, 3 deep Pacific Ocean, 1 Antarctic Ocean and 1 Arctic Ocean. Six marine mineral reference materials are three polymetallic nodules and three ocean cobalt-enriched crusts. The characteristic composition of the certification value is the same as that of the basic geological reference material, but slightly less, generally 51-71 kinds. This is a necessary chemical composition measurement standard for marine sediment measurement and marine mineral resource survey and research. 　　(4) 101 standard materials for environmental geology have been developed, including the available state of soil elements, the form of soil and sediment elements, the valence state of groundwater elements, the extractable state of soil elements, biological inorganic elements, organic pollutants in soil and sediment and other reference materials. The characteristic components of the matrix and certified values are the total amount of inorganic elements in biological samples, the available states, and forms of elements in soil and sediment, the valence states of elements in water and organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil and sediment. This kind of reference material provides analytical quality monitoring standards for land quality geochemical surveys and evaluation, regional ecological geochemical evaluations, multi-objective geochemical surveys and detailed surveys of soil pollution. 　　(5) 23 energy geological reference materials have been developed. The property values of oil-generating rock reference materials are organic carbon, pyrolysis hydrocarbon S2, pyrolysis peak temperature Tmax, and chloroform asphalt “A”. The property values of coal reference material are calorific value, ash, volatile matter, total sulfur, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, true relative density and phosphorus, chlorine, fluorine, and arsenic. The property values of the reference materials of highly evolved hydrocarbon source rock are pyrolysis hydrocarbon S2, pyrolysis peak temperature Tmax, and total organic carbon TOC. This is the monitoring standard for the exploration, evaluation and rational utilization of energy and mineral resources. 　 　(6) 129 reference materials for special purposes have been developed, including 20 synthetic reference materials for emission spectroscopy and 4 synthetic reference materials for X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy analysis. The property values are 28-29 inorganic chemical elements. There are 38 isotope reference materials, and the property values of those include isotope abundance and abundance ratio. There are 35 electron probe reference materials, and the property values are generally two principal components of their minerals. There are 15 reference materials for phase analysis, and the property values are the corresponding main phase. There are 5 soil limit water content reference materials, and the property values are 10mm liquid limit, plastic limit, and plastic index. There are 12 soil pH reference materials, and the property values are pH. It can be seen from the classification and summary that the geological reference material matrix in China is rich in types and quantities, which establishes an influential quality monitoring system for geological sample analysis, ensures the reliability and consistency of geological sample test data, and significantly improves the comparability and scientific value of relevant data. 　 　At present, there are still some problems in the application and development technology of a large number of geological reference materials. The problems are discussed and analyzed, hoping to draw attention to improving the value determination class of geological reference materials. In the aspect of application, the specific problems existing in different types of geological reference materials and their causes at the present stage are analyzed and development suggestions are proposed, according to the work needs of current mineral resources, international cooperation, marine strategy, ecological civilization and other fields. In the aspect of development technology, some detail technologies which may affect the value determination class in the process of homogeneity, stability and characterization are analyzed. In the aspect of development technology, some detail technologies which may affect the setting in the process of homogeneity, stability and value setting are analyzed. The test method of homogeneity and the evaluation method of stability uncertainty are discussed. Suggestions are made for the uncertainty evaluation method of unexamined elements for homogeneity test and control limit of relative extended uncertainty. 1. Three problems existing in the current application of geological reference materials are analyzed： 　 　(1) The quantity of some types of reference materials developed is small, the gradient distribution of characteristic values is insufficient, and the matrix type is simple. For example, the amount of marine geology, micro-area analysis, energy and mineral resource reference material development is small. The ore-forming elements of key metal ore reference materials are mainly low content, lacking rich ore grade or higher content grade. The matrix types of the samples of organic pollutant reference materials are only soil and sediment, and the property values are only organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other compounds, and the matrix types and target compounds are few. The main reasons for these problems are difficulty in obtaining samples, little working demand, difficulty in ensuring the uniformity and stability of the sample preparation technology, large error of analysis technology unable to determine the value. 　　(2) There are many components in the geological reference materials with mature development technology that have no certified values. The reasons of low element content and test interference are mainly analyzed. 　　(3) At the current class of analytical technology, there is only one measurement method for several elements, and for some elements, with the widespread application of modern instrumental analysis technology, the optional measurement method is gradually becoming singular. 　　2. The detail technology of four aspects in the development of reference material is discussed： 　　(1) Uniformity testing method. XRF is a widely used measurement method for the uniformity test of geological standard materials due to its high testing precision. However, due to its large sample size, XRF cannot meet the requirements of minimum sample size. Since the release and implementation of China National Technical Specification for Measurement “General and Statistical Principles for Characterization of Reference Materials” (JJF1343) in 2012, the uniformity of reference materials was tested by ICP-MS and ICP-OES under 0.1g weighing sample[24-30] . The measurement precision of these two methods is not as good overall as that of XRF, and the accuracy of individual elements is poor, which may cause the numerical value to be too large when calculating the uncertainty introduced by uniformity, thus affecting the reasonable evaluation of the uncertainty of property value. For this reason, some scholars[34-35] improved the XRF sample preparation device, studied the accuracy and precision of the method under 0.1g weighing sample, and verified the application effect for uniformity testing. However, only 10 major components in the reference materials of soil and stream sediments were tested under 0.1g weighing sample, while the reference materials of other matrix types and other trace elements, especially heavy elements, have not been studied and tested. Therefore, the feasibility of the XRF method with a sample size of 0.1g still needs to be verified. 　 　(2) Uncertainty calculation method for elements without uniformity test. The composition of geological materials is complex, and its reference substances generally have multiple attribute values, and the content of each component is greatly different, so it is usually difficult to test the uniformity of all attribute values. According to the provisions of JJF1646—2017, the characteristic of representative and less homogeneous should be selected for uniformity evaluation. The uncertainty of the untested elements can be evaluated according to the concentration and geochemical properties with reference to the uncertainty introduced by the tested elements. However, the exact calculation method was not specified. An evaluation method that considers both element properties, content and test methods (Table 2) is presented here. The specific calculation method is to multiply the relative uncertainty (Ur ) of the uniformity of the detected element by the standard value μ of the undetected element and take it as the uncertainty component ubb of the undetected element. 　　(3) Evaluation method of stability uncertainty. At present, trend analysis method is generally used to evaluate the stability uncertainty (us ) of geological reference materials, and the calculation formula is us=s(b1 )·t. It can be seen from the formula that the longer the stability monitoring time, the greater the stability uncertainty introduced. The stability uncertainty data of several reference materials were compared and determined to be the main contribution to the total uncertainty, which is inconsistent with the long-term observation of the stability of the geological reference materials. Therefore, this calculation method is not suitable to evaluate the uncertainty introduced into the stability of geological reference material. Meng et al.[42] suggested using the analysis of variance to calculate, and the comparative analysis showed that us was still the main contribution to the total uncertainty. Wang et al.[43] used range method to calculate us, but the application of this method in geological reference materials has yet to be verified. In conclusion, the reasonable evaluation of stability uncertainty of matrix reference materials with more test error sources needs to be studied further. 　　(4) Control limits for relative extended uncertainty. The determination of the property value of geological reference materials usually has certain control requirements for relative extended uncertainty (Urel), but these control limits are rarely introduced in the public information of the reference material. It was not until the specification JJF1646 published in 2017 that Urel was required in principle. Urel is the embodiment of the quality of property value data. Urel control limits in Table 3 are proposed on the basis of the principle requirements of JJF1646—2017 by referring to the control limits in the development of existing reference materials and the analysis of different types of geological reference materials. In the process of development, the developer also needs to comprehensively consider the matrix condition, setting index, element content of the sample and formulate reasonable Urel control limits of uncertainty in combination with the current analysis technology class, to obtain accurate and reasonable property value and uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the active promotion of the concept of common prosperity, farmland has once again become the focus of attention in political and academic circles, and many scholars have advocated the further visualization of the property value of farmland elements to increase farmers' income. To promote the coordinated development of China's food security and common prosperity strategies, this paper attempts to reveal the dilemma facing farmland capitalization. Theoretically, based on the factor allocation decision logic of full-time and part-time farmers, this paper proposed the dilemma of farmland capitalization between increasing food production and farm household income. We empirically constructed a model to measure farmland capitalization and characterized its degree in 27 provinces in China's mainland from 2004 to 2020. The study also provided empirical support for the theoretical analysis by using a threshold regression model and a mediating effect model based on 790 microsamples from typical provinces. The results found that: ① Farmland capitalization showed a trend of increasing year by year nationwide, with a spatial distribution pattern of spreading from the center to the surrounding areas, and the provinces with a higher degree of farmland capitalization were concentrated in the main grain-producing areas. ② The impact of farmland transfer prices on grain production had structural effects depending on the degree of farmland capitalization: In the moderate capitalization scenario (farmland capitalization≤1.011), farmland price increases promoted the expansion of food crop acreage; in the excessive capitalization scenario (farmland capitalization≥1.154), farmland price increases suppressed food crop acreage. ③ Farmland capitalization helped to meet farmers' psychological expectations on the value of farmland assets, and significantly increased farmers' income by promoting two paths: the outflow of farmland and off-farm employment. ④ Farmland capitalization in China was facing a dilemma between increasing food production and increasing farmers' income, which posed an important potential problem for national food security. The capitalization of farmland can not only improve the problem of insufficient property income in the income structure of farm households, but also promote the non-farm transfer of rural labor, but behind it is the fact that a large amount of farmland is 'nongrain.' In the future, the Chinese government should emphasize the production factor attributes of farmland, use policy tools to guide the rational return of farmland prices, improve the market for productive agricultural services, and prevent the risk of farmland over-capitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon intensity is a measure of the amount of carbon emissions generated by a unit of added value in an economy. However, the existing carbon intensity index ignores the carbon emissions caused by the fixed asset depreciation in the production process, so it is not tenable to use it in the comparative study of carbon intensity between sectors. Based on this, this paper used China's competitive input-output table in 2020 to restore the fixed asset depreciation originally located in the value-added part of the table to the intermediate consumption of the final products of each sector and used the input-output analysis method to calculate the carbon emissions caused by the fixed asset depreciation of each sector, complete carbon emission intensity, and comprehensive effect coefficient. The results showed that: ① We should not ignore the carbon emissions caused by fixed asset depreciation, which accounted for 23.28% of the total carbon emissions of all industrial sectors and 34.44% of the tertiary industry sector. ② The ranking of high-carbon sectors was different based on different carbon intensity indexes and carbon emission indexes. Considering the dual control degree of carbon emission intensity as the main control degree and total carbon emission as the auxiliary control degree, this paper suggests that complete carbon intensity should be used as the assessment index of the whole industry sector in China. ③ The analysis of factors affecting the robustness of the conclusions of this paper showed that the total amount of depreciation of fixed assets remained relatively stable in each period, and that different settings of the fixed asset depreciation rate had little impact on the robustness of the conclusions of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the new era, adjusting the financial power relationship between the central and local governments and broadening the financial revenue channels of local governments are key to overcoming the weaknesses of rural living environment governance and building a long-term investment mechanism. Based on the typical facts of Chinese-style fiscal decentralization, this paper theoretically and systematically interpreted the internal impact logic of fiscal decentralization and official promotion incentives on rural living environment governance. Based on the inter-provincial panel data from 2007 to 2017, this study used the system GMM method to analyze the effects of the decentralization and autonomy of fiscal revenue and expenditure and the promotion incentives on rural living environment governance. The results showed that: ① Government fiscal revenue and expenditure decentralization had a significant positive effect on the centralized treatment of rural household waste and the popularization of sanitary toilets, and the impact on the centralized treatment of rural household waste was more significant. ② The promotion incentives of officials positively affected the centralized treatment of domestic garbage and sewage as well as the effective popularization of sanitary toilets in rural China by influencing the fiscal expenditure preferences of local governments, and all the reasons showed that the effect was greater under fiscal revenue decentralization. ③ In terms of joint influence, the influence coefficients of the interaction term on the centralized treatment of rural household garbage and sewage as well as the popularization of more sanitary toilets were significantly positive with sound robustness, indicating that the joint effect of the two terms had a positive regulating effect on the construction of rural infrastructure and the improvement of living conditions and the environment. In view of this, the paper argues that in the process of pursuing a Chinese path to modernization, it is necessary to further improve the relationship between central and local financial powers, optimize the distribution pattern of central and local financial powers and financial resources, expand the scale and proportion of local tax revenue, increase the investment in people's livelihood in rural living environment, gradually improve the performance evaluation mechanism of government officials, and strengthen the performance evaluation of the development of people's livelihood undertakings. It is also necessary to guide government officials in developing a scientific perspective on political achievements in order to provide an institutional guarantee for the construction of a livable, suitable, and beautiful countryside. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China has entered the stage of high-quality development, and the construction of new-type urbanization is an important approach for the realization of the country's high-quality economic development as well as reaching peak carbon emissions and achieving carbon neutrality. The existing literature has produced a number of fruitful research results on the economic and environmental effects of the transformation of urbanization. However, few studies have tested the effects of the new-type urbanization construction on energy efficiency and their mechanisms from the perspective of exogenous impact. Therefore, in the context of China's actual situation, this paper constructed a theoretical framework of 'technological progress－population agglomeration－urban expansion,' and then deeply explained how the comprehensive pilot policy for new-type urbanization affected energy efficiency. Based on the panel data of 285 cities in China, this paper made an innovative breakthrough from the existing empirical analyses by dividing energy efficiency into total-factor energy efficiency and green total-factor energy efficiency, choosing the comprehensive pilot policy for new-type urbanization as a quasinatural experiment, and using the difference-in-differences method to examine the mechanisms and impact of new-type urbanization on energy efficiency. The results showed that: ① After a series of robustness tests, the impact of the comprehensive pilot policy for newtype urbanization on total-factor energy efficiency and green total-factor energy efficiency was significantly negative, and the effect increased year by year. ② Mechanism analysis showed that new-type urbanization mainly hindered the improvement of energy efficiency by promoting technological progress, boosting population agglomeration, and stimulating urban expansion. ③ According to the analysis of the effect of the regional biased policy, the regionally biased policy leaning toward the central and western regions did not promote the energy-saving effect of new-type urbanization. ④ According to the analysis of the effect of urban agglomeration mode, joining an urban agglomeration helped enhance the effect of the new-type urbanization on energy efficiency. This study provides empirical evidence and policy implications for promoting China's new-type urbanization, avoiding unfavorable factors, and achieving a 'win-win' situation of the high-quality development of new-type urbanization and the improvement of energy efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The low-carbon city pilot policy is an important way to promote corporate green innovation, and it is also an inevitable choice to achieve the goals of achieving peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality. However, existing research on the impact of the low-carbon city pilot policy on green innovation lacks depth, and literature focusing on micro-corporate level is insufficient. Therefore, it is difficult to provide an effective reference for corporate green transformation. Based on the panel data of 936 A-share listed companies in China from 2007 to 2020, this paper took the low-carbon city pilot policy as a quasi-natural experiment. The multistage dynamic difference-in-differences model and difference-in-difference-in-differences model were used to explore the impact of the low-carbon city pilot policy on corporate green innovation and its heterogeneity in terms of enterprise size, property rights, and carbon emission industry. Furthermore, from the perspective of environmental responsibility and talent agglomeration, this paper discussed the transmission mechanism of this policy to promote corporate green innovation and determined the optimal path for the low-carbon city pilot policy to take. The research results showed that: ① The low-carbon city pilot policy effectively promoted corporate green innovation in the pilot areas. Compared with the green utility model patent innovation, the pilot policy had a more significant impact on green invention patent innovation. A series of robustness tests such as PSM-DID and the placebo test found that the conclusion was still valid. ② The impact of the low-carbon city pilot policy on green innovation presented heterogeneity in terms of enterprise size, property rights, and carbon emission industry. This policy had a more significant policy impact on large-scale enterprises, and only had a positive impact on the utility model patent of state-owned enterprises but had a significant positive impact on the green innovation of non-state-owned enterprises to varying degrees. The low-carbon city pilot policy had a significant positive impact on the green innovation of enterprises in high-carbon industries but had a certain inhibitory effect on the green innovation of enterprises in low-carbon industries. ③ The main transmission mechanism of the low-carbon city pilot policy on the promotion of corporate green innovation was that the pilot policy enhanced the awareness of the environmental responsibility of enterprises by strengthening their management of environmental information disclosure, improving the level of their environmental protection investment, providing government support for their environmental protection, and inducing the effect of talent agglomeration by attracting talented people seeking employment and those who graduated from local universities as well as high-tech talents from enterprises. From the perspective of the transmission path effect, environmental responsibility played a greater role, followed by talent agglomeration. Therefore, the government should keep on expanding the scope of the lowcarbon pilot policy, give more financial and policy support to small and medium-sized technological private enterprises and green environmental protection enterprises, promote the shareholding system reform, mergers, and reorganization of state-owned enterprises, and provide sustainable environmental regulation and assistance to high-carbon emission enterprises. They should also continuously enhance enterprises' environmental responsibility awareness and promote the effect of talent agglomeration to improve the level of green innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Behavior related to the overseas market has become an important way for enterprises to actively acquire international resources in the context of the dual circulation development pattern. Based on corporate behavior related to the overseas market, this paper attempts to investigate whether enterprises can obtain the resources needed for green technology innovation and spur their willingness to engage in green technology innovation to break the bottleneck of domestic green technology innovation and construct a voluntary green technology innovation behavior pattern. It is of great significance to build a green technology innovation system under the new development pattern. This paper discussed the mechanism of corporate behavior related to the overseas market on their green technology innovation ability from quality and quantity dimensions by using the data obtained from the A-share listed companies in China's highpolluting industries from 2006 to 2019. The benchmark conclusion showed that corporate behavior related to the overseas market not only improved the quantity and quality of corporate green technology innovation but also improved their willingness to explore the intrinsic value of green technology innovation, which promoted enterprises to choose a substantive green technology innovation mode. The study also found that corporate behavior related to the overseas market had a certain lag in improving the quality of green technology innovation, but the influence was more far-reaching compared with the quantity of green technology innovation. The mechanism analysis showed that corporate green technology innovation increased mainly through the enhancement of environmental responsibility consciousness, while quality improvement occurred through the dual channels of the enhancement of environmental responsibility consciousness and technological level. In addition, the effect of corporate behavior related to the overseas market on green technology innovation was more significant in state-owned enterprises. Further analysis suggests that to maximize the promotion effect of corporate behavior related to the overseas market on green technology innovation, enterprises should make use of the complementary advantages of foreign technology resources to establish overseas affiliates of technology research to enhance the reverse technology spillover effect. Also, enterprises should be based on the domestic market and improve the participation rate of the domestic market to strengthen their sustainable competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the spatial-temporal evolution and driving factors of cultivated land multifunctional coupling coordination development, this paper applying the data of 30 provinces in China from 2000 to 2018 evaluated cultivated land production-living-ecological functions and revealed the spatial-temporal evolution of cultivated land multifunction with kernel density estimation and visualization mapping. Furthermore, this paper adopted coupling coordination degree model to analyze the cultivated land multifunctional coupling coordination development. Finally, this paper explored driving factors and driving mechanism of cultivated land multifunctional coupling coordination development by geographical detector. The results showed that: 1) from the perspective of temporal evolution, cultivated land production function level showed a fluctuation evolution trend of “rising-falling-rising”, the living function level showed an evolution trend of “rising-falling”, and the ecological function level increased slightly. All cultivated land functions had polarized characteristics. From the perspective of spatial pattern, the cultivated land production function level changed within [0.030, 0.608], showing a non-equilibrium spatial pattern of “high in the east, low in the west”. The living function level changed within [0.042, 0.672], showing a non-equilibrium spatial pattern of “high in the north, low in the south”. The ecological function level changed within [0.058, 0.897], showing a non-equilibrium spatial pattern of “high in the west, low in the east”. The areas with high level of production and living function were concentrated in the Northeast Plain, the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain and the Yangtze Region. The areas with low level of production function were located in the northwest and southwest regions, and the areas with low level of living function were located in the Beijing-Tianjin, Yunnan-Guizhou and southern regions in China. The area with high level of ecological function areas were located in the northeast and southwest regions, while the low-level areas were located in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta region and the central region of the Yangtze River. 2) The cultivated land multifunctional coupling coordination level changed within [0.093, 0.554], and the overall level had steadily improved but was still low. The cultivated land multifunctional coupling coordination levels of most provinces were still out of balance. The spatial pattern of cultivated land multifunctional coupling coordination level showed an evolution trend of agglomeration and promotion. In detail, the cultivated land multifunctional coupling coordination level of the northeast China, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and the Yangtze River Delta were relatively high, while that was low in the northwestern part of China. 3) The evolution of cultivated land multifunctional coupling coordination level was significantly affected by the business entities conditions, agricultural development level, industrial development level and urbanization level. In short, the driving force of the business entities conditions and urbanization level were more significant than that of the agricultural development level and industrial development level. Moreover, the interaction type of two driving factors was two-factor enhancement or nonlinear enhancement, which indicated that the driving force of various factors had obvious divergence and interaction of factors positively strengthened the single-factor driving force, indicated that the divergence and interaction of various driving factors positively strengthened the single-factor driving force. In conclusion, the research results provide the guiding effect for deepening the study on cultivated land multifunction and decision support for promoting the differential governance of cultivated land resources and mutual promotion of cultivated land functions. To explore the spatial-temporal evolution and driving factors of cultivated land multifunctional coupling coordination development, this paper applying the data of 30 provinces in China from 2000 to 2018 evaluated cultivated land production-living-ecological functions and revealed the spatial-temporal evolution of cultivated land multifunction with kernel density estimation and visualization mapping. Furthermore, this paper adopted coupling coordination degree model to analyze the cultivated land multifunctional coupling coordination development. Finally, this paper explored driving factors and driving mechanism of cultivated land multifunctional coupling coordination development by geographical detector. The results showed that: 1) from the perspective of temporal evolution, cultivated land production function level showed a fluctuation evolution trend of “rising-falling-rising”, the living function level showed an evolution trend of “rising-falling”, and the ecological function level increased slightly. All cultivated land functions had polarized characteristics. From the perspective of spatial pattern, the cultivated land production function level changed within [0.030, 0.608], showing a non-equilibrium spatial pattern of “high in the east, low in the west”. The living function level changed within [0.042, 0.672], showing a non-equilibrium spatial pattern of “high in the north, low in the south”. The ecological function level changed within [0.058, 0.897], showing a non-equilibrium spatial pattern of “high in the west, low in the east”. The areas with high level of production and living function were concentrated in the Northeast Plain, the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain and the Yangtze Region. The areas with low level of production function were located in the northwest and southwest regions, and the areas with low level of living function were located in the Beijing-Tianjin, Yunnan-Guizhou and southern regions in China. The area with high level of ecological function areas were located in the northeast and southwest regions, while the low-level areas were located in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta region and the central region of the Yangtze River. 2) The cultivated land multifunctional coupling coordination level changed within [0.093, 0.554], and the overall level had steadily improved but was still low. The cultivated land multifunctional coupling coordination levels of most provinces were still out of balance. The spatial pattern of cultivated land multifunctional coupling coordination level showed an evolution trend of agglomeration and promotion. In detail, the cultivated land multifunctional coupling coordination level of the northeast China, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and the Yangtze River Delta were relatively high, while that was low in the northwestern part of China. 3) The evolution of cultivated land multifunctional coupling coordination level was significantly affected by the business entities conditions, agricultural development level, industrial development level and urbanization level. In short, the driving force of the business entities conditions and urbanization level were more significant than that of the agricultural development level and industrial development level. Moreover, the interaction type of two driving factors was two-factor enhancement or nonlinear enhancement, which indicated that the driving force of various factors had obvious divergence and interaction of factors positively strengthened the single-factor driving force, indicated that the divergence and interaction of various driving factors positively strengthened the single-factor driving force. In conclusion, the research results provide the guiding effect for deepening the study on cultivated land multifunction and decision support for promoting the differential governance of cultivated land resources and mutual promotion of cultivated land functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The aim is to comprehensively understand the research status and application trends of oily drilling sludge at home and abroad. Methods Based on China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Web of Science (WOS) databases, this paper searched literature relating to oily drilling sludge research from 2007 to 2021, and adopted bibliometric method in analysis from multiple perspectives. Results The number of papers published in Chinese and English was rising from 2007 to 2021 while the former was higher than the latter. The funded projects with the largest number of publications globally were the National Natural Science Foundation of China. The influential institutions at home and abroad were China University of Petroleum (East China) and King Fahd University of Petroleum and Mineral Resources in Saudi Arabia. Researchers from China were highly active in this field, while the United States still takes the international leading position. Domestic research focused on drilling technology and petroleum sludge treatment, while studies aboard paid more attention to drilling materials and polluted water treatment. We also concluded that the studies on resource utilization of drilling mud was inadequate. Conclusions The resource utilization of oily sludge has become a research hotspot currently. Further, the harmless treatment and resource utilization of oily sludge for greening planting soil could be regarded as an important research and development direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water resource shortages have become a national issue in China. Population growth and climate change tend to further aggravate this problem. Water rights trading is an economic means for alleviating the shortages and inefficient utilization of water resources and effectively promoting their optimal allocation. As the strategy choice of both parties of the trading directly affects the efficiency of water rights trading, this paper systematically analyzes the relevant parameters affecting the bilateral strategy choice of water rights trading based on the evolutionary game theory. First, given the impact of the market competition environment on the efficiency of water rights trading, this paper assumes that market competition is the major risk factor leading to the breakdown of negotiations; establishes the income matrix of both sides of water rights trading based on the bargaining model with the risk of breakdown; and analyzes the position, stability, and system evolution mechanism of the equilibrium point under different circumstances. Second, to emphasize the important influence of the initial strategy point on the equilibrium result of the evolutionary game, this paper describes the relative competition conditions according to the number of potential partners on both sides and further determines the initial strategy point of the game system. On this basis, the stability of the bilateral strategy choice is analyzed by using evolutionary game theory. Finally, the case of water rights trading between Zhongning City and Jingneng Power Plant is simulated and analyzed with the help of MATLAB. The results show that the trading water volume, the water resource utilization level of the transferee, and market competition have a significant impact on the transaction price, and: ① The efficiency of water rights trading will be affected when the demand of the transferee for water rights is too low and the water rights saved by the transferor cannot be effectively split. On the contrary, the sharp increase in the comprehensive compensation cost will directly raise the expected price of the transferor and will also affect the efficiency of the water rights trading. ② When the transaction price and other conditions are given, the water use efficiency of the transferee is directly proportional to the convergence speed of the water rights trading game system. ③ When the water use efficiency of the transferee of water rights is high, the price of water rights trading can be appropriately increased to realize the paid use of water resources and ensure the property income of the transferor of water rights. ④ When the transaction price and other conditions are given, the more participants in the water rights trading market, the more conducive it is to the conclusion of water rights trading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studying the effects of expected economic growth targets and environmental constraint targets set by Chinese local governments at the beginning of the year on high-quality development can provide empirical evidence for optimizing expected target management, improving macro-control, and fulfilling governance efficiency in the new development stage to some extent. Therefore, based on the theory of economic growth accounting and the stochastic frontier model, this paper calculated the level of high-quality development at the urban level, extracted the economic growth targets and environmental constraint targets from the Report on the Work of the Government with text analysis, constructed instrumental variables based on the spatial weight matrix, and then discussed the effects of the expected development targets formulated by local governments on high-quality development, conditional heterogeneity, and mechanisms. The results showed that: ① Excessive economic growth targets were not conducive to high-quality development, while environmental constraints targets had a significant role in promoting it and could slow down the erosion effect of excessive economic growth targets on high-quality development. This conclusion still held after solving a series of robustness tests, such as the endogenous bias. ② Heterogeneity analysis found that, with the implementation of the ecological civilization concept, China' s economy could achieve a win-win situation of quantity increase and quality improvement. To better promote high-quality development, the target positioning of cities with good economic foundations should weaken economic increment and strengthen environmental constraints, and the growth targets and environmental constraints set by local governments should be endogenous to their own regional resource endowments and leave appropriate elastic spaces. ③ The mechanism test showed that improving the economic growth targets reduced the level of innovation and raised the amount of new investment in the region, which was not conducive to high-quality development. Environmental constraints could promote technological innovation and limit the blind expansion of new investment, thus promoting high-quality development. Based on the above research conclusions, this paper summarizes policy implications from the aspects of political performance evaluation, formulation of expected development targets, technological innovation, and green development to promote the synergy between economic growth and green development in China and the synchronization of expected target management and high-quality development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the existing studies on government organizational structure focus on its economic functions but ignore the environmental aspect, which is especially important for developing countries. To fill the gaps, this paper identifies the effect of a flattening reform of government environmental monitoring and enforcement agencies on transboundary water pollution with the help of a quasi-natural experiment. We found that the flattening reform significantly improved transboundary water quality. Specifically, the reform increased DO concentration by about 7%, reduced COD concentration by about 2%, and reduced NH3-N concentration by about 4%. A series of robustness tests confirmed that the results were convincing. Further results showed that the mechanisms of the reform mainly included: ① the strengthening of the awareness of local governments in controlling transboundary pollution; ② the adjustment of personnel appointment powers that broke the collusion between local government officials and local environmental protection agencies, which effectively improved the environment at the border. In addition, the study found that the abatement effect existed only at urban borders, while there was no significant change in environmental quality at provincial borders, suggesting that the transfer of authority over environmental monitoring and enforcement to higher levels of government was one of the keys contributing to the effect of this reform. This paper reveals that the flattening reform of government environmental monitoring and enforcement agencies is more in line with China' s pollution characteristics and needs at this stage, and thus the government should appropriately strengthen the monitoring and enforcement capabilities of the central government or higher-level local governments. It is hoped that this study can enrich the research related to pollution control and the organizational structures of government and provide a reference for decision-makers to mitigate the transboundary pollution problem in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The energy conservation and low carbon action plan in the Top-10 000 Energy-Consuming Enterprises Program (T10000P) was an important policy underpinning for achieving the constrained targets of energy consumption and carbon emission reduction during the 12th Five Year Plan period, and is a representative large-scale national energy saving and emission reduction policy with Chinese characteristics. Green technology innovation (GTI) is an important driving force for green development and enterprises are the main participants of GTI. In view of the fact that T10000P is an exogenous shock and based on the green patent panel data of Chinese listed companies from 2004 to 2018, this paper employed the difference-in-differences (DID) method and the count data model to examine the impact of T10000P on GTI at the micro level. Moreover, this paper designed an intermediary effect model to study the mediating role of local governments in the process of T10000P affecting corporate GTI and conducted the triple difference model to study the heterogeneity of T10000P on corporate GTI. The study showed that: ① T10000P significantly promoted corporate GTI. ②Considering the excessive discretization and zero inflation of the data, the regression results of the count data model further supported the conclusion.③The conclusion was still robust after a series of robustness tests such as variable index change, placebo test, and post-matching regression. ④ The assessment constraint of T10000P on local governments affected the subsidies to the top-10 000 enterprises, which promoted their GTI level. ⑤ The GTI effect of T10000P had dynamic characteristics in time, marginal characteristics in innovation level, and heterogeneous characteristics in cooperate property rights: the effects were significant during the policy implementation period, but not significant when the policy phased out. Compared with the regions with low urban innovation index, the promotion effect of T10000P on cooperate GTI was more significant in the regions with high urban innovation index. Compared with private enterprises, the promotion effect of T10000P policy on cooperate GTI was more significant in state-owned enterprises. Based on these conclusions, policy design should be optimized to actively guide enterprises to improve the level of GTI. The green-oriented assessment system for local government should be improved. The environmental regulation and innovation incentive policies should be implemented according to enterprises' conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the analysis framework of the general equilibrium model of trade environment effect constructed by Copeland and Taylor, this paper explained the mechanism of the effects of coordinated development of two-way FDI on carbon emissions, and then based on the data of two-way FDI and carbon emissions in 30 provinces in China from 2003 to 2020, the paper measured the carbon emission reduction effect of the coordinated development of two-way FDI in China by using the spatial panel model and moment estimation method generated by Han and Phillips and introduced the intermediary effect model to explore its impact mechanism. Moreover, the spatial spillover effect of the spatial model was investigated by applying partial differentiation. The study showed that: ① The coordinated development of China' s two-way FDI could significantly inhibit the improvement of the country' s carbon emission level. The spatial distribution and time path dependence of high and low carbon emission clusters were significant, and the results were still valid after robustness and endogenous tests. ② Heterogeneity analysis showed that coordinated development of two-way FDI in the eastern region had the most obvious carbon emission reduction effect, followed by the central region, while the regression results of the impact of the western region on carbon emissions were not significant. That was mainly related to the highest level of coordinated development of two-way FDI in the eastern region, followed by the central region, while the western region had been in a state of extreme imbalance. ③ The test result of the impact mechanism showed that coordinated development of two-way FDI, on the one hand, reduced carbon emissions by improving the capital-labor ratio, and on the other hand, had a positive impact on carbon emissions by promoting the expansion of industrial scale and the improvement of productive technology. However, under the combined effect of structural effect, scale effect, and technological effect, it ultimately had a significant inhibitory effect on carbon emissions. ④ The spatial spillover effect analysis found that the improvement in coordinated development of two-way FDI in China' s provinces inhibited not only the carbon emissions of their own regions, but also those of neighboring regions and even the whole country. In view of the above findings, we believe that we should do a good job of coordinating the development of two-way FDI, establish a long-term mechanism of coordinated regional economic development and joint pollution prevention and control, further tap the emission reduction effect of structural effects, and encourage and guide technological progress to focus on pollution control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the paper was to analyze the influence of corn 'price-subsidy separation' policy on the stability of pork supply chain, so as to maintain the stability of pork supply market. Based on the panel data of 19 major corn producing provinces in China from 2012 to 2021, the impact of corn 'price-subsidy separation' policy on the stability of pork supply chain in China was tested by double difference method. The results show that, on the basis of controlling a series of other factors, with the increase of corn price, the implementation of corn 'price-subsidy separation' policy could positively improve the stability of pork supply chain in China, and the improvement effect was about 0.042. Further study showed that the policy of 'price-subsidy separation' of corn has obvious influence on the upstream stability of pork supply chain, and the upstream stability of pork supply chain had increased by 0.106 7% after the implementation of the policy. The study indicates that 'price-subsidy separation' policy of corn can promote the stability of pork supply chain in China, and the effect is stronger in the upstream of pork supply chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the intensive development of animal husbandry, the demand for feed soybean meal increases. In order to promote the development of animal husbandry and ensure the supply and quality safety of feed in China, it is necessary to reduce the proportion of soybean meal and increase the development of protein feed resources and the supply of highquality feed. Cottonseed meal has high protein content, and the vitamin content is similar to that of soybean meal. Compared with soybean meal, cottonseed meal has a wide range of sources and is more affordable. However, cottonseed meal contains gossypol, which limits its application in animal production. Therefore, the dephenolization technology of cottonseed meal, the application of cottonseed meal instead of soybean meal in animal production and matters needing attention are summarized in the paper, which provides a reference for resource utilization of cottonseed meal, reducing livestock and poultry breeding cost and improving animal product quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Promoting the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is a world consensus and a necessity for China. In the process of achieving a sustainable future, evaluating a country's sustainable development progress, understanding China's position in global sustainable development, and identifying the advantages and challenges of China's sustainable development are of great signif-icance for the world to understand China and for China to optimize its sustainable development system. Based on this, this paper took the Sustainable Development Reports issued by the Sustainable Development Solutions Network from 2015 to 2022 as the main carrier to explore the assessment and progress of global SDGs, and analyzed the effects of China's implementation of SDGs and the gap be-tween China and other countries in the world from the perspective of how China was viewed by the world in order to provide a possible path for improving China's sustainable development and to drive the sustainable development of the world. The results showed that, on a global scale, sustainable development had obvious regional and economic agglomeration characteristics, and the progress in realizing the SDGs was homogeneous to a certain extent. From a global perspective, China's sustainable development progress was relatively sta-ble and ranked at the uppermiddle level of the world. In 2022, China's SDG score was 72.4, ranking 56th among 163 countries. In particular, China made remarkable progress in achieving the ' No Poverty,' ' Quality Education,' and ' Responsible Consumption and Produc-tion' goals, and provided basic experience for the sustainable development of the world. The sustainable development goals of ' Life Be-low Water' and 'Life on Land' were prominent weaknesses in China's sustainable development, and there was a certain gap between China and other countries in the world. Further optimizing the assessment system for sustainable development, clarifying priorities for sustainable development, focusing on key regions and groups, and building global partnerships are inherent requirements for implement-ing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and building a more inclusive and sustainable development pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking the carbon family as an example, this paper introduces the teaching design and practice for incorporating ideological and political education into chemistry of elements. Frontiers of science and technology, materialist dialectics and scientific epistemology, patriotism, ecological civilization thought, China's "double carbon" story in the new era, history of discovery of elements, scientific ethics and morality, etc. were aptly incorporated into the links of content setting and classroom teaching aiming at cultivating students' spirit of the craftsman, scientific thinking, patriotism, ecological civilization thought, exploration spirit, and professional ethics. Simultaneous promotion of "knowledge transfer" and "value guidance" was realized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is based on the monthly price data of major livestock products in China from January 2002 to July 2022, the UVSVM model was used to investigate the dynamic feedback relationship between random price fluctuations and prices of three types of livestock products: Pork, beef and mutton. The result indicates that the random fluctuations in pork prices have a significant impact on pork prices and change in pork price levels will have a positive impact on the short-term random fluctuation in pork price. The random fluctuations in beef and mutton prices have little impact on their respective price. Changes in the price level of beef and mutton will have a negative impact on the random fluctuations in short-term prices. It is proposed to improve the regulatory mechanism of pork reserves and achieve stable supply and prices in the pork market, policy recommendations for taking multiple measures to stabilize the supply of beef and mutton and promote the stable operation of beef and mutton prices, in order to ensure the supply of livestock product and promote high-quality development of agriculture and rural economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In addition to the direct use of corn as energy feed, about 30% of the annual output is used to produce corn starch, sugar and ethanol and other deep processing products in China, while producing corn husk, corn pulp, corn embryo meal, corn protein meal, DDGS and other by-products. These by-products generally have problems such as high crude fiber content, low available energy, mycotoxin pollution, etc. If the quality and efficiency of these by-products are improved by processing technology, their feeding value can be significantly improved. In the paper, the nutritional characteristics, value-added processing and utilization technology of corn processing by-products and their application in animal production are reviewed, which can provide reference for the effective improvement of feed value, and also have important significance for alleviating the contradiction of feed resource shortage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cottonseed meal is a high-yielding, nutrient-rich and unconventional protein feed resource, which is of great significance to solving the shortage of protein feed resources in China. However, there are anti-nutritional factors in cottonseed meal, and long-term feeding cottonseed meal will cause adverse effects on the growth, development and reproduction of poultry, which limits its application in poultry. Therefor understanding the nutritional properties and detoxification methods of anti-nutritional factors in cottonseed meals is vital for the application of cottonseed meals in poultry production. The paper reviews the characteristics of nutritional and anti-nutritional of cottonseed meal, the standard methods of detoxification of cottonseed meal, and the application of conventional and detoxified cottonseed meal in poultry production, to provide a reference for the scientific application of cottonseed meals in poultry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese cabbage is the vegetable with the highest yield in China, and treatment procedures produce plenty of waste, while inappropriate treatments, including careless disposal, cause huge resource waste and severe environmental pollution. Chinese cabbage waste enriches nutrients, such as protein, glucosinolates, and minerals, which can be prepared as an excellent feed. However, the characteristics, including unclear nutrient composition, seasonal production and perishable nature, limit the effective development of Chinese cabbage waste forage utilization. Therefore, this paper reviewed the industrial situation of Chinese cabbage, the nutritional characteristics, forage technology and feeding effects of Chinese cabbage waste, and suggested the prospects of the future research tendency of forage utilization, which aimed to provide theoretical and technological references for forage utilization of Chinese cabbage waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]