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Increasing filler content in paper products and saving fiber resources are the permanent goals in paper industry. In this work, precipitated calcium carbonate and cellulosic fiber were refined in PFI mill so as to improve the paper strength and optical properties. Results showed that co-refining method deliver nine percent higher in filler content than regular filling method when the paper tensile index was similar ( 26 ~ 28 N • m/ g) . In addition, light scattering coefficient was also enhanced by co-refining. The images obtained by scanning electron microscopy implied that particle breakage and formation of filler-fiber composite during co-refining help to improve paper strength and optical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the long-term effect of the electric field and the heating from the conductor heating, many bubbles will precipitate on the surface of the oil-paper inside the bushing. When the bubbles move to the strong electric field, the partial discharge is caused, which seriously threatens the safe operation of the transformer hushing. Therefore, the conditions for bubble separation were analyzed based on the physical analysis of the liquid. The test platform for bubble observation inside the bushing oil-paper insulation was established, and lest samples with different water content were tested subsequently. The rapid heating method was employed to study the bubble generation over the oil-paper surface, and the variation of initial temperature of bubbles was obtained. The bubble initiation temperature between 0.5 °C/min and 5.5 °C/min was explored through experiments. The results show that the bubble initiation temperature differed by a maxi-mum of 30 °C at different temperature rise rated. When the rising rate is greater than 3 °C/min, the bubble initial temperature begin to decrease significantly; while when the temperature rising rale is less than 3 °C/min, the bubble generation initial temperature is more dispersive hut the result is normally distributed; When the moisture content increases, the initial temperature of bubble generation decreases significantly. When the moisture content increases from 2. 7% to 6. 8% , the initial temperature of the bubble drops by 44 °C. The research results have engineering application value for analyzing whether there are bubbles inside the bushing during operation, evaluating the internal insulation status of the transformer bushing, and ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power transformer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

《糖尿病足溃疡预防和管理的研究和论文质量评价标准：需要的基本内容和高质量的标 志》一文是由国际糖尿病足工作组和欧洲创面管理学会联合发表的1篇重要文献, 作为衡量已经发表 的糖尿病足溃疡的临床研究与论文质量的标准, 特别是2019国际糖尿病足预防与管理系列指南录选 引用论文的主要标准。文中强调糖尿病足临床研究设计、实施和结果报告及论文发表中需要注意的 问题, 并为糖尿病足溃疡临床研究与相关论文的科学质量评估提出了21条评分标准。笔者对此文进 行摘译和解读. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The porous characteristic of tlie paper substrate causes penetration and difusion of tlie li(_uid material on the surface. Therefore，it is extremely difficult to form an RFIDtag metal antenna by electroless deposition on the surface of the paper substrate. Aiming at this problem，the stannous chloride colloid solution \as applied to avoid the catalytic ink penetration in the paper - based substrate. Moreover， paper substrate was immersed in chitosan solu- tion， which could bring functional group and improve the conductivity and adhesion of RFID metal antenna. The SEM，XRD，EDS and adhesion test of the metal layer antenna of the RFID tag proved that the surface of the metal layer of tlie tag antenna had advantages including dense surface， high crystallinity， good adhesion， low resistivity (2.58X10-8 # + cm)，good mechanical properties (1000 bending test). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective]The present paper aimed to search for some technical methods which could reduce the tar content of reconstituted tobacco effectively. [Method]The effect of some factors such as ratio of stems to leaves, beating degree, basis weight, coating rate, proportion of plus fiber and calcium carbonate on the tar content of paper-making reconstituted tobacco was studied and those factors that could reduce the tar content effectively had also been verified. [Result] (i)Beating degree, basis weight, proportion of plus fiber, potassium salt and calcium carbonate had significant influence on the tar content of paper-making reconstituted tobacco;(ii)The ratio of stems to leaves of raw materials also had a certain influence on the tar content of paper-making reconstituted tobacco, and the tar content was the lowest when the ratio of stems to leaves was 2-1;(iii)There was a positive correlation between the coating rate and the tar content of paper-making reconstituted tobacco, the increase of coating rate would lead to the increase of tar content.(IV) The tar content of paper-making reconstituted tobacco prepared under a set of factors, including fiber proportion, beating degree, basis weight had fallen by more than 50 % ,and blending it in cigarette products had also reduced the tar content of cigarettes obviously. [Conclusion] The tar content of reconstituted tobacco could be reduced by adjusting the process parameters. While the PRT sample integrated with some tar-reduced factors was blended into cigarettes, it could greatly reduce the tar content of cigarettes. Therefore, some technical methods could be taken properly to reduce the tar content of PRT, and achieve ‘ reducing the harmful and tar content’ after blending it into cigarettes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TOCNs reinforced aramid-mica papers were fabricated by vacuum assisted filtration approach with aramicl fibricl and mica as tbe main materials and TEMPO oxidized nanocellulose (TOCNs) as reinforced material. The structure mechanism, mechanical performance, breakdown strength of the TOCNs reinforced aramid-mica papers with different contents of TOCNs were analyzed and compared. The results showed that,the addition of TOCNs could not only effectively strengthen the interfacial bond between aramid fiber and mica, but also could significantly reduce the structural defects in the papers. When the content of TOCNs was 20 wt. %,the tensile strength and the average breakdown strength of the TOCNs reinforced aramid-mica papers achieved 82% and 72% enhancement from the pristine paper, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the early period of Yi Dynasty of Korea, currency and physical transactions were parallel, and the market order was chaotic. During the reign of Emperor Taejong, the Banknote Law was established and carried out, and measures such as replacing physical objects with paper money, establishing joint purchase houses and determining the crime of hiding cloth were adopted to enhance currency credit. Although the law promoted circulation, monetary reform was not smooth. In this study, based on the economic historical data of the dynasty and the game theory method, the author find that the Yi Dynasty tries to improve the relationship between the state and the grassroots society and explore new economic policies through national finance and monetary reform. The failure of monetary reform is not only a policy failure, but also a consequence of uneven distribution of interests among different subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a type of high performance inorganic fiber, basalt fiber exhibits excellent strength properties? high/low temperature resistance and chemical stability，which can be widely used in the field of construction and building materials, heat insulation and filtration. However,the poor dispersibility and paper strength of paper made of basalt fiber limit its ap­plication in paper industry. In this work，iltrafine basalt fiber was employed as material to in­vestigate the effect of pH of fiber suspension on fiber dispersion. In addition,the influence of the ratio of basalt fiber and unbleached electric insulation pulp on paper properties was also investigated. Results showed that the optimal fiber dispersion can be obtained when fiber suspension pH was 4. 38. And paper physical testing showed that the apparent density, tensile index and breakdown strength of basalt fiber/cellulosic fiber composite paper decreased with increasing basaltfibercontent.Whenbasaltfibercontentwaslower than 50 % ,the tensile strength of paper can satisfy the requirement of manufacturing. Therefore, the addition a­mount of basalt fiber depends on the requirement of paper properties and its application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the bibliometric indicators of SCI papers in the field of pharmacy in China from 2010 to 2019 by Essential Science Indicators (ESI) and InCites databases, so as to know the status quo and development trend of pharmacy in China in the last decade. Methods: In search of papers from ESI and InCites databases, the publication time of papers for retrieval was set within the time span of 2010-2019, the research output location was "mainland China" and the research area was "pharmacology and pharmacy". Then，related SCI papers in the field of pharmacy contributed by researchers in mainland China from 2010 to 2019 were retrieved. Such vital data as publication years, specific journals, location of research institutions, international collaboration and funding for researches were analyzed statistically, and those papers with high influential impact were further retrieved and analyzed. Results: In the field of domestic pharmacy，a total of 81 679 SCI papers were published, including 13 720 international collaborative papers and 470 papers with high influential impact. The amount of SCI papers，the number of international collaborative papers and papers with high influential impact increased year by year. China had international collaboration with 129 countries or regions in the field of pharmacy，and 48 .49% of the papers were sponsored by domestic research funds. Conclusion: In recent 10 years, the scope of research in pharmacy at home has expanded gradually, academic influential impact has arisen steadily, and the number of international collaborative papers and papers with high influential impact has also increased quite noticeably. However, the quality of scientific papers as well as international collaboration demand further improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] Feasibility study of applying writing paper as sealing materials in oyster mushroom’s cultivation was conducted in or¬der to provide theoretical basis for increasing the safety of oyster mushroomproducts. ' Method】 The experiments and production demonstration were carried out by setting 2 treatments, ie. treatment Awith writing paper as sealing materials and treatment Bwith newspapers! CK) ,and the growth of mycelium, number and fresh weight of fruiting bodies, cost and economic returns as well as heavy metal contents in fruiting bodies were investigated and evaluated. ' Result】 The growth rate of mycelium was 0. 97 cm/d of treatment A, which was significantly higher than that of treatment B (% < 0 . 05 , the same as below), and the average number and fresh weight of fruiting bodies per bag (total of the first flush and second flush, hereafter) were 43.47 ,257. 59 g,5. 57 more and 11 . 7 g higher than that of treatment B, respectively. The results showed that the heavy metal content of Pb, Cd, Hg and As in fruiting bodies of both treatment A and Bwas lower than the limits (1 . 000, 0. 200 ,0. 100,0. 500 mg/kg, respectively) set by both national food safety ytandard and national aaricultural standard for green food mush¬ room, and the content of Pb, Cd, Hg, As of treatment A was only 0. 001, 0. 085 , 0.002 and 0. 037 mg/kg, which was far more lower tlian the safety limits mentioned above, respectively. Besides, Cr was not found in the fruiting bodies of treatment A. The results indicated that the oyster mushroom of treatment A was much safer than that of treatment B. Compared to treatment B， the cost per bag of sealing materials and their processing increased by 0.002 yuan， while the output valiae increased by 0. 140 yuan, thus the eco¬nomic retiams per bag of treatment A was 0. 138 yuan higher than that of treatment B. The results of production demonstra¬tion showed that，when compared witli treatment B，treatment A could shorten the period of spawn running by 3 days and shorten the average harvesting time of the first and second flush by 3 and 4 days, respectively, besides, treatment Acould increase thefresh weight per bag by 24. 00 gin total. ' Conclusion】 Based on the in¬crease of mycelium ’ s growth rate, number and fresh weight of fruiting bodies, economic returns, as well as decrease of heavy metal contents, it is recommended that writing paper could be applied instead of newspapers as sealing materials in oyster mushroom5 s production [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The single-factor experiment was used to investigate the effect of filter wrap' s air permeability, tipping paper's air permeability, and perforation row number on the filter ventilation rate of the cigarette. Furthermore, the effects of three factors and their interaction on the filter ventilation rate of the cigarette and the chemical composition of mainstream smoke by split-plot experiment were analyzed. The results showed that the filter ventilation rate of the cigarette increased with the increase of tipping paper's air permeability or perforation row number in single-factor experiment and split-plot experiment. In the range of 3300 ~ 8000 CU, the effect of the permeability of the formed paper on the ventilation rate of the cigarette filter was significant. After exceeding 8000 CU, the effect of filter wrap's air permeability on the filter ventilation rate of the cigarette decreased. The three factors of filter wrap's air permeability, tipping paper's air permeability, and perforation row number had significant interactions, which could coordinately adjust the filter ventilation rate of cigarette. With the increase of the filter wrap's air permeability, tipping paper's air permeability, and perforation row number, the content of nicotine, tar and COin the mainstream smoke of cigarette decreased. According to actual needs, the filter wrap's air permeability was 8000 CU, tipping paper's air permeability was 250 CU, and perforation row number was 3, which could reduce the content of nicotine, tar and CO in the cigarette smoke, and reduce the loss of smoke aroma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although Dietrich BonhocfYer’s Wider stand und Ergehung. Briefe und Aufzeichnungen aus der Haft (Letters and Papers from Prison) is fragmented, it is a popular pamphlet, both for nonacademic as well as academic readers. In this pamphlet, the author puts forward some very important concepts, such as "non-religious Christianity’, "this-worldliness of Christianity" and the "crucifixion of God". These concepts have a far-reaching impact on the entirety of Christian theology. The Chinese translations, both the Hong Kong version and the Mainland version, are translated from the English translation, instead of the original German version. Mis-translation stemming from this kind of translation will inevitably affect the acceptance of the original text. The purpose of this article is not to compare the differences between the original German text and the Chinese versions from the translation perspective, but is instead, stalling from the contrast between the original German text and the Chinese versions, to re-interpret BonhoefTer's thoughts, and to explore the ethical dimension of Bonhoeffer’s "non-religious Christianity”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to study the allelopathic effect of alfalfa extract on seed germination of perennial ryegrass. The effect of five extracts (0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 g/L) from roots, stems and leaves of alfalfa wl-963-HQ on seed germination and seedling growth of perennial ryegrass were determined by Petri dish filter paper method. The results showed that the germination rate, germination potential, germination index and vigor index of the seeds decreased obviously with the increase of the concentration of the extracts from the roots, stems and leaves of alfalfa. The root and leaf extracts of alfalfa had a stronger inhibitory effect on the germination of perennial ryegrass seeds. When the concentration was 20.0 g/L, perennial ryegrass seeds could not germinate normally. Alfalfa extract had no inhibitory effect on root length and seedling height of perennial ryegrass seedlings, but had significant effect on seedling weight. The extracts from the roots, stems and leaves of alfalfa significantly decreased the chlorophyll content of perennial ryegrass seedlings (P<0.05), and the POD activity was significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, CAT activity of perennial ryegrass seedlings was significantly increased when the stem extract of alfalfa was 10.0 and 20.0 g/L (P<0.05). The study indicates that alfalfa extract has obvious allelopathy on perennial ryegrass, and reasonable row spacing was needed to reduce allelopathy when the two herbage are mixed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the slip zone is the weak zone in the landslide, it is the key part to control the stability of the landslide. The study on the change of unsaturated mechanical properties of the sliding zone soil during the drying-wetting cycle is of great significance to understand the change of shear strength of the sliding zone soil with periodic fluctuation of reservoir water and the resulting landslide deformation and even instability process. The sliding zone soil of a talus landslide in Three Gorges reservoir area was used as the research target. Through the simulation of 0-5 drying-wetting cycles, the direct shear and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tests were carried out on the remolded samples of the sliding zone soil, and the matric suction of the samples after shear was measured by filter paper method. Further, the variation characteristics of pore structure, matric suction, soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) and shear strength of unsaturated sliding zone soil during drying-wetting cycle were analyzed, and the prediction model of unsaturated shear strength under drying-wetting cycle was established based on the test results. The results show that the connection between particles in the soil is constantly damaged and destroyed by the drying-wetting cycle, causing the continuous development and expansion of small pores in the sample to evolve into large pores, and the overall porosity increases because the number of pores in the soil increases; meanwhile, the air intake value and the residual water content of soil gradually decreases with the increase of drying-wetting cycles, which means that the water is easier to penetrate and overflow into the soil pores, and the water holding capacity of soil gradually decreases; besides, the degradation of shear strength of slip zone soil is very obvious under drying-wetting cycle; the cohesion and internal friction angle of slip zone soil decrease gradually with the number of drying-wetting cycles, and the degree of weakening of the cohesion by drying-wetting cycle is greater than that of internal friction angle. Finally, the prediction model of unsaturated shear strength of slip zone soil based on direct shear test and matric suction measurement by filter paper method provides a useful reference for the prediction of shear strength of slip zone soil under drying-wetting cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the unique users of scholars' social networks, this paper proposed a collaborative association model of paper and project data based on scholars' social networks. Firstly, the proposed model used the two-step feature selection method to preprocess the data, removed the irrelevant and redundant features and obtained the effective features that affected the association between the paper and the project. Then it would adopt TVSM to calculate the text similarity between the paper and the project, then formed recommendation sets for different papers/projects. Through the social network (SCHOLAT) data for researchers, the model was implemented and applied to SCHOLAT. The online application situation and user feedback show that the model has good accuracy and practicability. Furthermore, it can more fully explore the potential relationship between the paper and the project, provide users with better academic research management services, and propose a novel research method for analyzing the academic big data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering is a highly sensitive and non-invasive analytical technique. This technique can be widely used for the identification and quantitative analysis of materials. In this paper, a simple method for preparing SERS substrates was proposed. First, graphene oxide (GO) was absorbed on the filter paper by leaching-lifting, followed by homogeneous deposition of noble metal nanoparticles by plasma sputtering on the filters. The surface-enhanced Raman scattering properties of the substrate were analyzed with a concentration of 10-5 mol/L rhodamine 6G (R6G). The results show that GO had a good fluorescence quenching effett in Raman detection. The gold and silver nanoparticles with an absorption peak of 532 nm greatly enhanced the Raman scattering signal of R6G via localized surface plasmon resonance (TSPR). In addition, the fiber structure of the filters was able to capture more R6G molecules. Hence, the substrate exhibited excellent SERS characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the problem of fuzziness of rating and tag in traditional collaborative filtering algorithms,this paper used trapezoidal fuzzy number to describe the mapping relationship between rating and satisfaction.The algorithm considered the impact of sparseness of the rating,constructed a new trapezoidal fuzzy rating model to determine the similarity based on fuzzy rating,analyzed the degree of membership between the tag and the item,and constructed a fuzzy item-tag matrix to measure the similarity based on the degree of tag membership.Finally,it used the improved scoring prediction strategy to estimate the score.The experimental results on the MovieLens dataset show that the proposed algorithm improves the prediction accuracy while suppressing the cold start of the project,alleviating the problems of fuzziness and sparseness,which indicates the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the core equipment in power grid, the reliability of transformers directly effects the safe and stable operation of the system. And the moisture content is a significant indicator need to be monitored in running of transformers, which have great influence on operating state of them. In order to study its influence on the breakdown characteristics of oil-paper insulation, the pressboard samples with different moisture content were prepared in laboratory. The changing rules of dielectric characteristics with moisture content were tested, its functional rules of electric field distribution were analyzed by simulation as well. Moreover, the influence of above factors on the breakdown characteristics was verified by experimental method. The measuring results show that the conductivity and relative permittivity rise with the increase of moisture content, which causes the transference of electric field distribution into oil in oil-paper insulation system, and finally leading the decrease of breakdown strength of oil-paper insulation system with high moisture content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the quality and the influence of Journal of Natural Resources (JNR), the authors searched papers published in JNR during 1986-2015 in CNKI as the source data and analyzed the characteristics of zero-cited papers. Changes in the number of published papers and the rate of zero-cited papers, the average download frequency and other related information, such as authors, subjects, funds and paper characteristics, were all taken into consideration. The results are as follows: 1) From quarterly journal to bimonthly and monthly journal, the number of published papers in JNR increased, but the rate of zero-cited papers did not increase. 2) These zero-cited papers were still downloaded, which means they have the possibility of being cited in the future. 3) As far as the information the first authors of the zero-cited papers were concerned, doctoral students take the most proportion, followed by master students, assistant professors and associate professors, and professors take the least proportion, and the authors from colleges/universities and scientific institutes are more than the authors from local departments. Most zero-cited papers were written by single author or authors from single institute. 4) Whether a paper was cited or not had little relation with the number and the type of funds. 5) The subjects of most zero-cited papers are pedology, geoscience, meteorology and environmental biology. Finally, several suggestions are given to reduce the rate of zero-cited papers through the cooperative control of authors, peer reviewers and journal editors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A ship will bear large vertical and lateral overloads when dropped into water，which imposes adverse effects on the structural strength and stability of the ship. The overloads can be reduced by controlling the pitching angle of the ship. In order to study the influence of the pitching angle on overload reducing, LSDYNA is used to simulate the landing process at different angles. The acceleration curves of landing process under different working conditions are obtained，and the simulation results are verified by the fall-down test. The results show that the reasonable entry angle can effectively reduce the ship’s water overloads. The work in this paper can provide the basis for the landing load reduction of the sea airdrop system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2022, Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CASISD), the National Science Library, CAS, and Clarivate Analytics released their joint report Research Fronts 2022. The report utilized the Essential Science Indicators (ESI) database to do co-citation analysis. The 2022 report started from 12 610 research fronts in ESI and identified a total of 165 research fronts, including hot and emerging specialties spanning 11 broad research areas in sciences and social sciences. With the 165 research fronts and the related core papers and citing papers as the basis for analysis, this study summarized 8 development trends in science and technology, and recent trends and key research questions in 11 broad research areas, aiming to provide reference for studying and forecasting the major development trends in science and technology, summarizing important research issues and then making systematic deployment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conductive silver paste is a key functional material for the preparation of electronic components. Conductive silver paste with silver and starch used as conductive fillers was prepared by redox method with molar ratio of starch to silver nitrate of 2: 1, 1 : 1, 1 : 2 and 1 : 3. The effect of physical factors, such as heating and sintering, ultraviolet light irradiation, soaking water, and ultrasonic wave, on the conductivity of the conductive silver paste was studied by measuring resistance, and the morphology of the conductive silver paste was observed with a microscope. The results showed that when the starch/silver nitrate was 1 : 3, the uniform conductive particles with starch as core and silver particles as shell were formed. When the ratio was 1 : 2 and 1 : 3, the resistivity decreased to 60% to 70% of the initial value during the low-temperature heating and sintering. The resulting silver paste was resistant to UV light, blisters and ultrasound. Among them, the conductivity for the sample prepared with the molar ratio of 1 : 3 was the best. Finally, a silver paste with a starch/silver nitrate ratio of 1 : 3 was mixed with 30%, 45%, or 60% of the ink, coated with paper, and subjected to low-temperature thermal sintering, and the resulting electronic paper had a resistivity of 10 mΩ/cm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a kind of renewable fiber, tencel fiber has the characteristics of multiple fibril structure. Tencel fiber prepared by fibrillation treatment can be widely used in materials such as supercapacitors and battery separators. In this paper, the highly fibrillated tencel fiber was selected, and the influence of the structure of tencel fiber paper on its dielectric constant and breakdown voltage was discussed. The results show that the measured values of the relative dielectric constant of the tencel fiber paper were in good agreement with the empirical calculations based on the volumetric empirical formula. Using 40 g/m2 electrolytic capacitor paper prepared with tencel fiber, the dielectric strength after calendering could reach 18.27 kV/mm. Considering the composite dielectric series capacitance model, the breakdown voltage of the double-layer tencel fiber paper could be calculated according to the parameters of single-layer paper, thereby guiding the structural formula design of the doublelayer capacitor separator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mil-101(Cr), a metal framework compound with high specific surface area and excellent thermal stability, was synthesized by solvent thermal method. MIL-101(Cr)/PI fiber paper-based composites were made of polyimide fibers and para-aramid fibers as raw material and introducing presynthesized MIL-101(Cr)via modern wet-forming papermaking technique. The influence of content of MIL-101(Cr)on filtration performance of paper for hot gas was analyzed. The results showed that the filtration performance of paper-based composites with MIL-101(Cr)increased remarkably, the quality factor enhanced by 152. 69% and 558. 22% at room temperature and 260°C respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biodegradable composite material was prepared by injection molding with PHBV as matrix and microcrystalline cellulose and waste paper fiber as reinforcements. The iffects of MCC with different mass fraction and waste paper fiber with different mass fraction on the mechanica properties, water absorption and interfacial properties of the composites were investigated. The results show that the mechanical properties of the composites after adding MCC have been improved and the mechanical properties of the composites are the best when the mass fraction of MCC is 3%. And the composite material after blending and filling has the best combination mechanical properties when the mass fraction of waste paper is 10%. The water absorbency of composites increases with the increase of fiber content in waste paper. Scanning electron microscopy analysis shows that the compatibility of MCC with P-HBV interface is better and the interfacial properties of blended waste paper fibers decrease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electro-acoustic (frequency response) characteristics of the loudspeaker usually be affected by the mechanical properties of the paper diaphragm. The mechanical properties of the diaphragm were improved by modifying the natural fiber. In this work, the structure of Manila hemp fiber and the mechanical properties, electro-acoustic performance of paper diaphragm were discussed on the effects of alkali concentration and treatment time. The surface morphology, crystal structure and chemical composition of Manila hemp fiber treated before and after were characterized by SEM, XRD, FT-IR, TGA. The results showed that the fiber surface roughness increased, and the crystallinity of the fiber increased and then decreased as the alkali concentration or the treatment time increased. The lignin and hemicellulose on the fiber surface were decreased. The thermo-stability of cellulose improved the same time lignin’s decreased. When the alkali concentration was too large or the treatment time was too long, the cellulose will be degraded, the mechanical strength of the diaphragm was affected. The fiber diaphragm has the best mechanical properties and electro-acoustic performance with 5 wt% of the alkali concentration, 3 h of the treatment time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glass fiber paper is a kind of excellent non-flammable, heat and sound insulation, filterable materials, which is widely used in high-speed rail, aerospace and marine areas. This paper mainly explored pore diameter distribution, air permeability, heat and sound insulation property of glass fiber paper prepared of beating by wet process with different diameter fiber . The results show that with the increase of content of fine glass fiber of paper, the average pore diameter and air permeability decrease firstly and then increase ,the thermal conductivity of paper decrease firstly and increase subsequently, the sound transmission loss of paper increase firstly and decrease subsequently. With the ratio of 50% crude fiber and 50% fine fiber, the glass fiber paper had the best heat and sound insulation properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the utilization of apple pomace resources, verify the antibacterial activity and antiseptic properties of the ethanol extract of apple pomace, the antibacterial activity of extract from apple pomace were determined by the inhibition zone test. In addition, the antibacterial effect of the extract under different pH and salt concentration had been studied. At the same time, the ethanol extract of apple pomace was applied to the preservation of Passiflora edulia, using sensory scores and various physical and chemical indicators(Vc, soluble solids, total acid, solid acid ratio)as the basis to investigate the antiseptic effect of the extract. The results were as follows:(1)The ethanol extract of apple pomace had no obvious inhibitory effect on yeasts(diameter of inhibition zone <1 mm), but it had obvious inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli(diameter of inhibition zone was 6-9 mm).(2)The best inhibitory concentration for these strains was 4.0 g·L-1. In addition, when the antibacterial effect of the extract was optimal, the pH was 6-7 and the salt concentration was 5.0 g·L-1.(3)The optimal concentration for Passiflora edulia was 0.2%, and the rot rate after storage at this concentration was only 6.7%(control group was 67%), and the weight loss rate was 5.5%(control group was 36.3%). The soluble solids and total acid content were not significantly different from those before storage(P>0.05)(control group P<0.05). And most of the fruits were plump, firm, bright and shiny, moderately sweet and sour. The antibacterial extract of apple pomace has antibacterial activity and significant antiseptic effect, and provides a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of apple pomace resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to improve the utilization rate of abandoned corn bracts, while decreasing the production cost of the bag of fruit cultivating in sustainable agriculture. Five representative bags of fruit cultivating were collected in the market as the controlled samples, including the plastic film bag A, special bag B for grape, one-, two- and three-layered bag C, D, and E. The basic structural characteristics of controlled samples were firstly analyzed. Then, alkali cooking was used to degum the corn bracts for the extraction of fibers. Subsequently, the corn bract fibers were cut into (5±0.5) mm long, thereby mixing evenly with the waste paper scraps in a ratio of 1.5:1. The wet mesh forming was adopted to prepare the fruit-cultivating bag material F. The mechanical properties of material F were tested after fabrication. The experimental results showed that the prepared material F behaved a strong tensile resistance, where the tensile loads for the dry and wet material F were up to 20.02 N and 13.79 N, respectively. Moreover, the retention rate reached 68.9% for the tensile load of wet material F. Furthermore, an excellent extension performance was achieved for the high requirements of mechanical properties in the fruit bagging. A scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) was adopted to observe the microstructure of the prepared materials F and the controlled samples in the market, further to analyze the distribution of holes in the matrix. The bagging properties were also measured, including air permeability, heat-insulating property, shading property, and water management ability. The experimental data demonstrated that the fruit-cultivating bag material F presented an excellent air permeability. Specifically, the air-flow rate and permeability of material were 73.5 mm/s and 173.7 L/m2 •s, respectively. In contrast to the controlled samples, the maximum air-flow rate and permeability were only 2.5 mm/s and 0.3 L/m2 •s, respectively. In addition, the heat loss of boiling water was about 265 kJ, when the prepared material was used to keep the boiling water for 60 min. The transmittance of the material F was about 0.4 % in the visible light range, and 0.09 % in the ultraviolet light range. The shielding properties showed that the prepared material ensured the photosynthesis of fruits during the growth process. Meanwhile, material F was expected to protect the fruit from ultraviolet light burning. Excellent ability of water conductivity was also achieved, where the core suction height reached 31 mm within 30 min. As such, the water in the fruit-cultivating bag during rainy days discharged quickly to enhance the quality of fruit products. Low wet evaporation indicated that the water retention performance was obviously better than that of the special bag B for the grape in the market. Most significantly, the thermal insulation performance of the new fabricated material was better than that of the controlled samples in the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the effects of different atmospheres ( nitrogen and air) and temperature ranges (300 ~ 500 °C, 300 ~ 700 °C and 300 ~ 900 °C ) on the composition and amount of pyrolysis products in paper-making reconstituted tobacco substrates, solid phase microextraction, adsorption-desorption and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry methods were used for analysis. The results showed that under the nitrogen and air atmospheres, the pyrolysis products of substrates at the range of 300 ~ 700 °C and 300 ~ 900 °C obviously increased when compared with those at the range of 300 ~500 °C . A large number of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and olefins were produced in these two temperature ranges. Nicotine was only found in the pyrolysis products of substrates at the range of 300 ~ 500 °C. The contents of furfural and phytadiene were higher at these three temperature ranges. In the same temperature range,under the air atmosphere,the release amount of important cleavage products such as crotonaldehyde, 2-methyl-furan and furfural with relatively low molecular weight was higher than that under nitrogen atmosphere. The relative release of alcohols increased, and the presence of oxygen in air promoted the full combustion of substrates, thereby resulting in the reduction of total pyrolysis products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposed an electronic voting scheme based on one-time ring signature and blockchain to solve the problems of the current e-voting system in terms of anonymity, transparency and open vote-counting. This paper introduced one-time ring signature, blockchain and stealth address technology. The one-time ring signature technology solved the problem of voter anonymity, repeated voting and public verification. The blockchain technology could ensure the openness and transparency of the e-voting system. The one-time ring signature technology could ensure no one or institution could obtain the voting intermediate result before the voting ends. In order to improve the efficiency of vote-counting,it used the method of key sharing to improve the vote-counting algorithm. Through security and performance analysis, the scheme conforms to the basic security standards of an electronic voting system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A green starch-based bio-latex was prepared and used as a coating adhesive for par tially replacing styrene butadiene latex, which have been successfully applied in the coated Art Paper. In the study,different proportion of starch-based bio-latex(0% ,10% .20% .30% 40%) was used to replace the styrene-butadiene latex in the coating formulation, and then the coating experiment was carried out on the base paper. Through testing and analyzing the performance of the coating color and coated paper, the best coating color formulation has been determined. And the results indicated that the biological latex could partially replace the SBR latex as an adhesive in the coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of different types of combustion supporting agent in cigarette paper on the overall sensory quality of cigarettes were analyzed by sensory evaluation. Variation analysis on the difference of weight difference between the sensory indexes which affect the weight of cigarette smoke was carried out by principal component analysis technique. The results showed that: the overall sensory quality of cigarette with potassium citrate as combustion supporting agent was better, while the overall sensory quality of cigarette with potassium lactate as combustion supporting agent was poor, the order of the effect of the types of combustion supporting agent on seven main indexes of sensory quality was aftertaste > ordor > coordination > aroma > state > drying > stimulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The DJI MG1-P electric four-rotor plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle was used for spraying in the mid-growth-cotton. And the effects of spray parameters and adjuvant type on the deposition and distribution of pesticide mist droplets on cotton plant leaves were discussed. 22% flonicamidonitrile SC and three kinds of spray adjuvants (Beidatong, ND-800, G-2801) were used as test agents, which were sprayed under different spray parameters and different aerial spray adjuvants. As a tracer of pesticide deposition, allura red was employed to detect the distribution of droplet deposition using water sensitive paper and filter paper. The absorbance value of the filter paper elution solution was measured by a spectrophotometer. The absorbance value of the filter paper elution solution is measured by a spectrophotometer in order to calculate the amount of drug solution deposited per unit area, and the droplet density was analyzed by DepositScan software. The test results showed that the flight speed of unmanned aerial vehicle had the greatest influence on the droplet deposition distribution, and the flight height had no significant effect on the experiments using the middle of cotton growth. The adjuvant had a significant effect on the spray deposition distribution. After adding the spray adjuvants, the droplet densities on the upper, middle and lower parts of the cotton canopy were all significantly improved. After adding ND-800 adjuvant, the droplet density on the back of the upper, middle and lower leaves of the cotton canopy increased by 688.9%, 590.9% and 327.5%, respectively. However, the addition of G-2801 and Bidatong adjuvant had no significant effect on the droplet density on the back of cotton leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to get high efficient cellase-producing bacteria and determine the taxonomy. [Method] Sodium carboxymethylcellulose was selected as the sole carbon source to isolate cellulose-producing microorganism. A total of 51 bacteria and actinomyces were isolated from natural fermentation material of tobacco straw.Nine isolates possessed high cellulase activities in congo dye experiment. The phylogenetic relationships of cellulase producing bacteria and actinomyces were determined through the analyses of phylogenetic trees constructed using 16 S rRNA gene sequences. [Result] Luteibacter sp.L43 possessed the highest cellulase activities in enzyme activity tests. The effects of the single factor including pH, carbon and nitrogen concentration on filter paper enzyme, endo-β-1, 4-glucanases and exo-β-1, 4-glucanases for L43 were determined.Under the condition of pH6, sodium carboxymethylcellulose concentration 12.5 g/L and NaNO3 concentration 5 g/L, the highest cellulase activities of endo-β-1, 4-glucanases and exo-β-1, 4-glucanases of L43 were 16.9 and39.62 U/mL, respectively. [Conclusion] This study provided a good cellulose producing bacteria for tobacco straw fermentation and laid a foundation for the development and utilization L43. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Purpose/Significance] The National Preprint Publishing Platform of China had been put into operation by the end of 2022. In order to ensure the quality of papers posted on the Platform and encourage a large number of researchers to submit articles to the Platform, it is necessary to introduce a paper quality assurance mechanism into the Platform. There are deficiencies in existing quality assurance mechanism for a preprint publishing platform. Self-organizing peer review has gradually attracted attention in recent years. In order to achieve the performance expected by the management agency of the National Preprint Publishing Platform, it is necessary to study the optimization design of key parameters of self-organizing peer review. [Method/Process] Design-expert software has been used for Box Behnken experimental design. The number of papers submitted by authors within a year, the distribution of review time, and the parameters of article review time are randomly set. The total number of papers is calculated according to the parameters of Lotka's law, and is not included in the Box-Behnken experimental sampling. We selected four key parameters of rest time, rejection rate, number of researchers, and review qualification ratio as independent variables, took three levels for each variable, and used -1, 0, +1 for coding, representing three levels of low, medium, and high, respectively. The three dependent variables for self-organizing peer review performance evaluation are the completion rate of paper review (CR), the balance of reviewer task allocation (TBD), and the average review time of the paper (A_r_time). A Box-Behnken experiment table was designed separately for each Lotka's law parameter, three repeated experiments were conducted on each key parameter combination in the table, and the summary() function and mean() function in R language were used to calculate the average performance indicators of each key parameter combination. Then, the response surface analysis was carried out on the Box-Behnken sampling data, and the quantitative relationship expression between the dependent variable of performance evaluation and the independent variable of key parameters was obtained. [Results/Conclusions] The ratio of review qualifications and reviewer rest time have greater impact on the performance of self-organized peer review, especially the ratio of review qualifications is much more important than other three key parameters. By combining different values of key parameter independent variables, the National Preprint Publishing Platform can achieve the expected self-organized peer review performance, ensuring the average quality of papers published by the Platform. In addition, because of our limited knowledge of computational resources, there is still room for improvement in simulation accuracy. If equipped with more powerful computational resources, more precise simulation calculation can be carried out based on the methods and parameters proposed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the low efficiency caused by massive academic paper data, this paper proposed a recommendation algorithm method based on the hierarchical mixed model named WSVD ++. According to the structural features of academic papers, the model constructed a weighted bipartite graph model. Firstly, this method extracted the features of each paper and constructed the composite relation graph according to the ratio of different features. Secondly, it used an improved PPR algorithm on the graph to calculate the importance weight of each paper, and then weighed the relation between the user and the paper. Finally, it recommend on the weighted bipartite graph by using SVD + + graph algorithm. The result shows that the proposed algorithm improves the recommended accuracy. The whole process implemented in distributed graph calculation system, that means the method has good expansibility and is suitable for big data processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon fiber and its composites are widely used as structural materials due to their excellent mechanical properties. However, the chemical inertness of carbon fibers restricts their further application. In this paper, we implemented that the modification of carbon fiber via coating aramid nanofibers based on pre-treatment of carbon fiber surface by dopamine. At the same time, the effects of modified fibers on the properties of paper-based materials were investigated. It was found that pre-treatment of carbon fiber contributed to the cationization of the surface of carbon fiber, and further assisted the coating of aramid nanofiber by electrostatic adsorption. The surface morphology, chemical composition, hydrophilic property and mechanical properties of carbon fiber paper-based material were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), contact angle tester and tension tester. The results showed that the best coating effect on carbon fiber was achieved when the concentration of aramid nanofiber is 0.2% the best deposition effect when the 0.2% concentration of nano aramid fiber. The carbon fiber paper-based material modified by aramid nanofiber has good hydrophobic properties(CA=112.4°C) and mechanical properties(6.74 MPa). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digital trunking system has the characteristics that the calling mode is mainly group calling and the communication mode is mostly half duplex. For the problem that the traditional user classification method couldn't meet the classification requirements of digital cluster users, this paper proposed a digital cluster user classification method based on improved RFM model. Firstly, it introduced the average speech duration attribute to establish the recency vitality speak (RVS) model. Then, it used the analytic hierarchy process to determine the weight of each parameter in the model. Finally, it used the K-means + + clustering algorithm to classify digital cluster users. The simulation result shows that, by using the user classification method proposed in this paper, the accuracy of digital cluster user classification can reach more than 87. 9% . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The particle size, morphology, chemical structure, crystallization property and thermal stability of mica from two different producing areas were characterized and analyzed respectively. The aramid mica paper was then prepared by using them, and the effect of mica particle size on the mechanical and dielectric properties of the paper were studied. The results show that mica raw materials and their particle size in different producing areas have a great influence on the performance of aramid mica paper, The scale of mica is relatively pure, with high crystallinity, larger diameter and thickness, and complete shedding, which is helpful to improve the mechanical and dielectric properties of aramid mica paper, while compared with the scales of mica, different particle sizes of mica powder have lower purity, lower degree of shredding and serious fragmentation, which will reduce the properties of aramid mica paper. In addition, with the decrease of the particle size, the mica sheet structure is damaged and further fragmentation occurs. The massive fine particles increase, which impedes the binding between the fibers and impedes the bonding between the aramid fibers, resulting in a decrease in mechanical dielectric properties of the aramid mica paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon nanotubes as novel nanomaterials, which are widely used in biomedical field. Through the respiratory tract, digestive tract, and circulation, carbon nanotubes can come into contact with vascular endothelial cells and damage the endothelial cells. In this paper, the factors effecting the damage of carbon nanotubes to endothelial cells was reviewed, and the effects of carbon nanotubes on endothelial cell inflammation, monocyte adhesion, lipid accumulation, endothelial permeability, angiogenesis, and pro-coagulant ability were reviewed. Meanwhile, this paper reviewed that carbon nanotubes promote the formation of atherosclerotic plaques and the impairment of blood-brain barrier function by damaging endothelial cells in animal experiments, so as to provide a reference for decision-making on the application of carbon nanotubes in biomedical field [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existing change detection methods are difficult to balance local features and global features, and the boundary between change objects and backgrounds is blurred, so this paper proposed a remote sensing image building change detection method based on local-global feature coupling and boundary guidance. In the encoding stage, the method adopted parallel convolutional neural network and Transformer to extract the local features and global representation of remote sensing images, respectively. At different scales, the local-global feature coupling module fused local features and global feature representation to enhance the expression ability of image features. In addition, it introduced the boundary guidance branch to obtain the prior boundary information of the change objects, so that its guide change map can highlight the structural characteristics of the building and promote the accurate boundary location. This paper conducted experiments on the LEVIR-CD and WHU datasets, resulting in F1-score of 91.25% and 91.27%, IoU of 83.90% and 83.95%, respectively. The experimental results show that the method has a great improvement in the detection accuracy and good generalization ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the drawbacks of existing brain extraction network, i. e., complex network structure, large amounts of parameters and low inference speed, this paper proposed a novel network 3D UNeXt for fast and effective brain extraction. 3D UNeXt greatly reduced parameters and the number of floating point operators(FLOPs), and achieved promising results with the combination of 3D convolution, 3D MLP and multi-scale feature fusion. 3D UNeXt used U-Net as the basic architecture and employed 3D convolutional modules to obtain local features in encoding stage. Specifically, the proposed 3D MLP module at the bottleneck stage enhanced the extraction of global features and long-range dependencies among them. In decoding stage, this paper designed a lightweight multiscale feature fusion module to effectively fuse multiscale low-level features and high-level counterparts. In detail, the 3D MLP module performed linear shift operations in three different axes to obtain global receptive fields from different dimension features and establish long-range dependencies among them. This paper compared 3D UNeXt with other counterparts on three datasets: IBSR, NFBS, and HTU-BrainMask. Experimental results show that the 3D UNeXt is superior over other baselines in terms of network parameters, FLOPs, inference accuracy, and inference speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cooperative encryption and decryption is an important research direction in secure multi-party computation. It can achieve data protection and privacy protection safely and efficiently. To solve the problem of high computational complexity in the offline calculation phase of existing SM4 collaborative encryption and decryption schemes, this paper proposed a new SM4 collaborative encryption and decryption scheme based on oblivious polynomial evaluation. The scheme utilized pre-calculated polynomial sets and sets of polynomial values to complete S-box collaborative computation in the online stage, thereby improving the performance of the online calculation stage. This paper proved the correctness and security of the proposed scheme, and compared with four different schemes, the results show that the computational efficiency of the proposed scheme is significantly higher than that of other schemes. This shows that the proposed scheme can complete SM4 cooperative encryption and decryption safely and efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Federated learning is a kind of advanced distributed machine learning algorithm, which realizes multi-party cooperative training while ensuring the user's control over the data. However, the existing federated learning algorithms have many problems in dealing with Non-IID data, gradient information leakage and dynamic user offline. To solve these problems, this paper proposed a gradient hidden safe clustering and privacy-protecting federated learning based on quaternion, zero sharing and secret sharing techniques. Firstly, it used quaternion rotation technology to hide the first-round model gradient and achieve secure clustering stratification without altering the gradient feature distribution, so as to solve the performance degradation issue caused by Non-IID data. Secondly, this paper designed a chain zero sharing algorithm, using single strategy to protect the user model gradient mask. Then, it used the threshold secret sharing to improve the robustness against offline users. Multi-dimensional comparison with other existing algorithms shows that the accuracy of SCFL is improved by about 3.13%~16.03% under the Non-IID data distribution, and the overall running time is improved by about 3~6 times. Mean while, the security of information transmission is guaranteed at any stage, satisfying the design goals of accuracy, security and efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aimin at the copyright problem surrounding 3D models of neural radiation fields focused on implicit representation, this paper tackled this issue by considering the embedding and extraction of neural radiation field watermarks as inverse prob-lems of image transformations, and proposed a scheme for protecting the copyright of neural radiation fields using invertible neural network watermarking. This scheme utilized 2D image watermarking technology to safeguard 3D scenes. In the forward process of the invertible network, the watermark was embedded in the training image of the neural radiation field. In the re- verse process, the watermark was extracted from the image rendered by the neural radiation field. This ensured copyright protection for both the neural radiation field and the 3D scene. However, the rendering process of the neural radiation field may result in the loss of watermark information. To address this, the paper introduced an image quality enhancement module. This module utilized a neural network to recover the rendered image and subsequently extract the watermark. Simultaneously, the watermark was embedded in each training image to train the neural radiation field. This enabled the extraction of watermark in- formation from multiple viewpoints. Experimental results demonstrate that the watermarking scheme outlined in this paper effectively achieves copyright protection and highlights the feasibility of the proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the situation of imperfect spectrum sensing of cognitive radio in actual cognitive ultra-dense network sce- narios, this paper proposed a resource allocation scheme based on imperfect spectrum sensing. The target was to maximize the energy efficiency of secondary network in cognitive ultra-dense network with imperfect spectrum sensing while taking into ac- count cross-tier/co-tier interference constraints and ensuring users quality of service. And this paper constructed the energy efficiency optimization problem based on the network model, which was a mixed integer non-convex programming problem, then transformed it into an equivalent convex optimization problem by the time-sharing relaxation method and Dinkelbach me- thod, and finally used the Lagrangian dual method to get its optimal solution, thereby obtained the sub-channel and power allo- cation strategy for optimal energy efficiency. Based on this, this paper proposed an iterative sub-channel and power allocation algorithm. In order to trade off the computational complexity, this paper also proposed a practical sub-channel and power allo- cation algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms effectively improve energy efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-source energy supply is an effective way to increase the proportion of clean energy and assist manufacturing enterprises in green and low-carbon transformation. However, due to factors such as season and weather, renewable energy output fluctuates, affecting the stability of energy system supply. To address this problem, this paper constructed an uncertain integer programming model for the coupling optimization of enterprise production operation and energy planning, using interval numbers to describe the uncertain information of energy output. At the same time, it proposed a multi-objective hybrid whale swarm algorithm by designing multiple group fusion strategies and external file update strategies, which effectively utilized the optimization characteristics of each algorithm to improve overall performance and obtain a better Pareto solution set. Finally, it demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed model and solution method through comparative experiments on algorithm performance and energy strategies. At the same time, the advantages and competitiveness of the algorithm designed in this paper to solve uncertain optimization models and the multi-source energy supply mode can effectively help enterprises achieve energy conservation, emission reduction and sustainable production goals have been verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the widespread application of machine learning models, researchers have gradually recognized the limitations of such methods. Most of these models are black-box models, resulting in poor interpretability. To address this issue, this paper proposed a rule-based interpretable model and rule reduction method based on ensemble learning models, which included generating optimized random forest models, discovering and reducing redundant rules, and other steps. Firstly, this paper proposed an evaluation method for random forest models, and optimized the key parameters of random forest models based on the idea of reinforcement learning, resulting in a more interpretable random forest model. Secondly, the rule sets extracted from the random forest model were subjected to redundancy elimination, resulting in a more concise rule set. Experimental results on public datasets show that the generated rule sets perform well in terms of prediction accuracy and interpretability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]