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Taking advantage of the potential of daylighting in the building helps to save energy used for artificial lighting. In Russia and other countries, where most of the energy is consumed for heating in winter, the increased window area leads to a reduction in the energy costs of artificial lighting but increases the heat loss through the windows blocks. Some studies contain criteria for assessing the feasibility of increasing the area of window, however, the influence of artificial light sources have not included. In this paper, the thermal balance of the room is considered, including the influence of artificial light sources, heat gain from solar radiation and transmission heat loss through window blocks. By calculating the difference in the thermal balance of the room after and before the increase in the window area, an expression of the criterion for evaluating the benefits of increasing the window area by energy indicators was obtained. Based on the cost of heat and electricity, the expression of the criterion for assessing the benefits of economic indicators was proposed. According to the presented criteria, the calculation for different function spaces: residential, office and school classes designed for Moscow was carried out. It is shown that, according to energy indicators, an increase in the window area is unprofitable or low profitable for residential and office premises, but beneficial for the school class. In conclusion, the paper shows the possibility of evaluating the energy efficiency of increasing the area of the window using the developed criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the moment the energy safety of the Kaliningrad region (KR) is largely dependent on the mutual electrical energy exchange through existing connections to Lithuania and further to Belarus and Russia. Taking into account the upcoming KR energy system disconnection from Lithuania, followed by isolated operation (starting from 2025) and wind energy potential of KR, the question of electrical production by the wind as an option for KR sustainable development should be considered. The paper aims to compare three different connection possibilities for onshore power plans (WPP) of different capacity (30 and 90 MW) based on preliminary system power flow calculations using an especially developed energy system model, which are: 1. connection of WPPs to the existing substations of the grid; 2. connection of WPPs to "Wind Grid" ("WG") – new lines and substations in energy system especially constructed for wind energy production; 3. simultaneous connection of WPPs to existing substations and to "WG". The conclusion of the paper is 1st the option is the cheapest, but not viable because WPPs create additional problems with voltage levels and lines overload. Some measures to overcome observed problems are proposed. The electrical system parameters, such as voltage levels, power flows, and power losses are very close for the 3rd and 2nd options. The 3rd option is more expensive, because of additional switching equipment, but most flexible and easy to handle for the system operator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need of improvement in the Russian Federation electronic industry enterprise competitiveness presents qualitatively new requirements to the instrumental means of economic analysis. To a certain extent, this applies to the problems of factor analysis. The paper suggests a method of using a Box-Jenkins model for possible production factor increment values forecasting. The paper contains interpretation of the results obtained. The proposed instrument of predictive factor analysis can be used in practice to support management decisions dealing with strategic development of industrial enterprises and increasing their economic efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relevance of improving inter-level cooperation in the management of rural areas in modern conditions, in view of the intersectoral and interterritorial affiliation of infrastructure systems, determined the goals and objectives of this paper. The purpose of the study is to determine the guidelines for organizing inter-level cooperation in managing the infrastructure of rural areas on the basis of studying scientific sources, analyzing statistical information, identifying patterns of modern development. The authors considered trends in the development of rural infrastructure on the example of the entities of the Ural macroregion of Russia. Among the results of the study, the role of infrastructure as a material basis is noted, which forms relationships and interactions in rural areas, leading to a qualitatively new integration of participants in reproductive processes associated in a specific location. To overcome negative trends and improve the quality of cooperation in infrastructure management, it is proposed to introduce the institute of agro-industrial territorial economic systems, which allows developing the logic of management processes while respecting the interests of business, population and management. The results of the study confirmed that inter-level cooperation is the most important element of management activities in achieving sustainable development of rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Car-sharing is a phenomenon, which is becoming increasingly widespread, first of all, in large cities. Since its inception in Russia, this phenomenon has become the object of scientific research by scientists from various branches of science, as well as the object of attention of journalists and practitioners. The benefits of car-sharing are obvious, its active use in megalopolises and large cities allows eliminating traffic jams, mitigating the problem of the lack of parking spaces, and reducing the amount of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. At the same time, there are many problematic aspects in the concept of car-sharing, primarily in the legal sphere, which are exacerbated as it spreads and increases in popularity. First of all, it is the problem of the safety of using carsharing for the driver and passengers. Moreover, it is necessary to ensure the adherence to the rights of car-sharing users, on the one hand, and the car-sharing company, on the other hand, which is possible only by detailed and effective legal regulation. The main legal problems of using car-sharing in Russia, including the issues of the security of this service are analysed in this paper. Based on the study conducted, the authors have developed recommendations for improving the legal regulation of the use of car-sharing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes the issues concerning the investigation of the deformation properties of the soft saturated clayey soils by means of static sounding and dynamic probing, as well as plate bearing test. It is indicated that with using static sounding and dynamic probing, the reliable deformation characteristics of soils can be obtained. The paper presents the static sounding and dynamic probing procedures that are currently used in Russia. The plate-bearing test utilizing various in size bearing plates is also described in the paper. The procedure for obtaining the necessary results is described, methods for evaluating the results are considered, and the main key points of these studies are given. The article draws conclusions. It is indicated, that on the basis of the numerous field investigations carried out during the time period of 1992-2020, it appeared impossible to establish a robust agreement between the deformation characteristics of soft saturated clay, determined using static sounding and dynamic probing tests, and those determined using the plate-bearing test performed with the bearing plates of 600, 3000 and 500 sq. cm, as well as deformation characteristics obtained from the laboratory tests results [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is devoted to new scientific approaches to the formation of the transport and logistics infrastructure in major cities of the country. The paper considers solving the problem of transport cost reducing, as a significant part of the production cost in an industrial sector of the economy and enterprises, by implementing a complex of logistics operations in the field of transport services. The purpose of the theoretical paper is a mathematical formalization of the solution of the particular problems of optimizing the traffic control on the basic network of transport highways with varying degrees of detail of municipal facilities. There is a set of mathematical models developed to adequately describe the temporal characteristics of developing the transport and logistics complexes of the cities with the possibility of their optimization at any time according to a given set of parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is devoted to the analysis of the main issues in reaching the modern level of cargo handle capacity for railroads of the Eastern Part of Russia. The main problems troubles of the current development strategy for Eastern polygon of the Russian Railways have been identified. Based on review of best practices of the overseas railroads in the bulk and intermodal cargo transportation, this paper proposed a direction for intensive railroad capacity development using the set of the key technologies for heavy-haul trains. The main idea of the paper is to take advantage of the distributed power for the heavy-haul trains to reduce longitudinal dynamics and lower rail track wear. It is necessary to dramatically revise the technical requirements for locomotives of next generation and make them more adopted to the operating model and conditions of the Eastern polygon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, heavy haul traffic on AC railways of Russia has caused an increase in electric currents flowing through the elements of the traction power supply system and track circuits, which significantly exceed the design values. Increased electrical loads complicate the operation of traction substations elements, contact networks, relay protection and automation devices, signaling, centralization and blocking system. A significant problem with increasing loads is a rail potential magnification, which violates electrical safety and can even lead to failures and interruptions in railway traffic. The paper investigates rail potential formation along the entire length of the intersubstation zone between traction substations by means of simulation model developing throw MathLAB Simulink software. Based on the findings, further research opportunities for a quantitative assessment of changes and early identification of rail potentials critical values at AC railways. The novelty in this paper lies in the identified and constructed graphics for rail potentials dependence on electrical resistances of different elements and circuit parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are the results of the electrical energy consumption research in a residential apartment building which is located in the Moscow region. Authors have given the information of the apartment electricity consumption with two people living. Research period is 2018 - 2022. Researchers have considered the main sources of electrical energy consumption in a typical apartment and in common property in this paper. It has been determinated the part of the considered apartment electrical energy consumption in the total consumption of electrical energy in an apartment building by authors of this paper. Researchers presented the information of the electric energy cost changes for the research period in the territory where were built considered building. It has been described the view and technical characteristics of the building by authors in this paper. There is the information of energy consumption in the cold, warm and transitional periods of the year. This work could be useful for companies which are in the field of managing common property, specialists from various areas of the municipal service complex, as well as developers who plan investments to residential construction in the Moscow region and other regions of the Russian Federation with similar climatic characteristics. This article is also could be used for the urban planning policy development in the field of providing electrical energy to settlements with a population less than 100 000 people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper addresses the transformation of systems properties of the coal industry in Russia, which are a result of changes in the economic conditions in the industry. The focus is on the factors influencing the national and regional coal industry development and their transformation. The study shows that these factors differ significantly for various regions of Russia. The toolkit (an information-model complex) developed with the participation of the authors for research on the prospects for the coal industry development is presented. Systems properties of the coal industry and factors that affect its development were factored in when developing the toolkit. The experience of research conducted using the tools presented in the paper has shown their sufficient flexibility and adaptability depending on changing conditions in the coal industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The identification and analysis of low-frequency oscillations (LFO) in the parameters of the electrical regime are significant for the efficient operation of power systems. The decision-making loop in most dispatching centers of large system operators includes LFO monitoring. It belongs to one of the most relevant areas of synchrophasor measurement data processing. There are several methods have for determining the source of forced oscillations. However, due to the scale and internal heterogeneity of the power systems, no one provides a final solution to the problem in practice. The paper proposes a combination of methods based on the analysis of the oscillation energy and the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the measuring signals. The paper considers the examples of the LFO analysis in actual cases in the power system of Russia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are the possible reasons for changes in hot water supply system's quality of Kirovsk. It has been investigated the most probable source of iron in hot water supply system by authors of this paper. Authors analyze the chemical composition of original water which has been used for cold and hot water supply system of several cities in Murmansk region. Researcher has pointed out the most significant indicators of original water's chemical composition which are affect to the determination of iron's increasing source. It has been determined the locations of sampling sites at a typical combined power plant with installed chemical water treatment and deaerator. Authors has proposed the various methods of water treatment at the Apatity power plant for cities heat supply system. Also, it has included pre-boiled water treatment. This work was performed by authors in project: "Clean water", Kirovsk. This project is a part of Federal Program "Clean water" which is in a structure of Russian water strategy until 2020. Funding and coordination of the program is by relevant ministries - the Russian Federation Ministry of Construction and Municipal Services, the Russian Federation Ministry of Economic Development and JSC "Institute of microeconomics". The total funding volume of Program is 331.8 billion rubles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The data on the apartment buildings technical condition are a huge digital array for making important management decisions both within the boundaries of individual territories of municipal formation, and for planning budget expenditures within the municipality, the subject of the federation and the country as a whole. In this paper the aspects of forming data on apartment buildings in various information systems are considered. Also, the basics of ensuring the reliability of the presented data are studied. The paper notes that for many years, during the transition from a planned economy to a market economy, the requirements of technical regulations and regulatory documents on the maintenance and operation of apartment buildings are not fully observed by operating organizations. The deadlines for replacing the systems and equipment that have worked out are not met. It is noted that the federal legislators and the Government of the Russian Federation have not defined a general procedure for monitoring the technical condition of apartment buildings and have not formed a common approach to assessing their technical condition, the owners' obligation to finance these works has not been defined, their frequency has not been determined. It is shown that the data obtained during the condition monitoring of apartment buildings combined in federal and regional information systems would be an objective marker in the formation of state and municipal programs in the field of reducing the unfit for living housing fund monitoring financing mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a study of the contemporary education system of African countries. It is noted that some African students prefer to obtain higher education abroad, including in the Russian Federation. Africa is progressing rapidly, and education has become an important factor of the continent's stable social, political and economic development. This pertains in particular to the Sustainable Development Goal 4: Quality Education. One of the main interests of almost all African countries is the formation of a higher education system that meets modern requirements. There is an urgent task of improving qualifications and employment of young people, whose numbers are rapidly increasing. The paper describes reforms that are being carried out in the system of training professional personnel. It is concluded that the development of education will not only help African countries "grow" own specialists in necessary fields, but also provide educational services at the continental and world level, thereby attracting additional capital to national economies. The author makes an attempt to highlight countries in Africa that are most actively raising the level of training of highly qualified personnel and becoming leaders in the field of higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper shows that the features of development of urban planning policy in Russia, in a historical context, are associated with the fact that large-scale urban planning until recently was not carried out in current conditions, while urban planning realities were based on the Soviet legacy created in other economic conditions, with the assumption of other economic, social and spiritual needs of the city people, both existing and potential. With the change in the economic formation, strategic urban planning, until recently, was not carried out on the required scale; the basic goal on the scale of urban development was to ensure the survival of the population, which also had a negative impact on the state of the space of post-Soviet Russian cities. It is concluded that at present it is necessary to rethink the principles of development of Russian cities, which differ significantly from the urban planning practice of other developed and developing countries. The results of the study indicate that it is necessary to rethink the functionality of the urban environment, its consistent and systematic planning. In conclusion, the paper shows that in order to solve the set tasks, it is necessary to rethink the heritage of several economic and cultural structures of society, considering the current socio-economic and cultural situation. Wherein, the data for the period since 2000 show that at present it is necessary to search for interaction between the various dominants of the city. In modern conditions, decisions in the field of urban planning policy adopted in previous historical periods do not correspond to the current situation; to a greater extent, it is determined by economic reasons or local social priorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper substantiates the systemic limitation of the application of the concept of a smart city in terms of duration of the planning horizon. It is shown that use of this method shall be based on the prerequisites for transforming the urban system itself in order to correspond to the current economic situation. In the analytical part of the paper, the assumption is substantiated that the method that makes it possible to assess and predict changes in the stage of the life cycle of the industrial system of a city are multidimensional classification algorithms that allow to separate objects in accordance with similar characteristics. The feature space of the problem of multidimensional classification will be an array of assessments of factors characterizing the state of the regional industrial system, such as: presence of markets for products to neighboring regions/countries, the availability of infrastructure for implementation of expanded production, and availability of raw materials and labor resources, the intensity of competition; availability of raw materials and local labor resources. As a result of approbation, research results were obtained with a sufficient level of statistical significance based on the estimates of these factors in the 50 largest cities of Russia. In conclusion, it was concluded that the regional industrial subsystems of the largest cities in Russia are at different stages of the life cycle, with the majority at the growth stage, which suggests that in these regions it is necessary to set the goal of long-term preservation of ecological landscapes, the load on which will continue grow in the coming decades. At the same time, in cities with industrial subsystems at the stage of maturity, it is necessary to plan for transition to a new type of arrangement of the regional economy, assuming that the next generation of residents will be mainly employed in the service sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper makes a comparative analysis of the chemical composition and baking qualities of flour of the main cereals: wheat, rye and triticale. The advantages and disadvantages of each crop are marked. The data collected by the authors provide a sufficiently detailed description of a popular and highly-demanded grain crop on the world market – triticale. Using the studies of domestic and foreign researchers-technologists of the baking industry, the authors conclu-sively prove the advantages of triticale grain flour. They mark therapeutic qualities of bakery products made with the use of this flour. The paper discusses various techniques for producing dough using triticale flour. We give a description of the useful properties of bread baked from dough of various kneading. Our article gives a good overview of the evaluation system of bread quality from triticale flour and a combination of triticale and wheat flour in various ratios. Moreover, it helps to get a ranking score for all indicators. The article's authors see the improvement of bread baking technology, the use of advanced additives that enhance the bakery products with triticale flour and give them therapeutic qualities. The article brings into sharp focus the importance of triticale in expanding the raw material base of the bakery industry. More-over, the world leaders in the production of triticale are named, as well as the leaders in the gross collections of triticale in the Russian Federation. The paper generalizes the practical experience of Russian bakers in the production of various types of bakery products with triticale flour. The authors mention the main varieties produced in different Russian regions. Also, they mark innovations of domestic baking industry. The article concludes with a review of promising directions for the triticale flour use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers a relatively new issue: the role analysis of Russian cross-border regions in food provision of the country and ensuring food security of the regions themselves. The methodological foundation of the analysis was the studies conducted by Russian scientists, legal documents of the government, distribution statistics of public investments in the cross-border regions. The authors amply demonstrate the inequality in distribution of federal funds to the fixed capital of the cross-border regions, highlight the leading regions and outsider regions. The article assesses the economic development level of groups of cross-border regions, isolated by geographical feature. It is quite convincingly remarked that the Russian Federation has not formed an effective policy regarding the border territories in general, and ensuring their food security, in particular. The cross-border regions occupy a significant part in federal investments. Nevertheless, priority regions that are in acute need of state support to ensure their accelerated development have not been determined. In depressed regions, the average per capita consumption of staple foods that meets the guidelines of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation from 2016 has not yet been provided. The authors have traced the underconsumption of such essential human health products as milk, dairy products and vegetables to low incomes of the population. The abandoned status of some territories is the cause of their plight. Today, the issues of these territories are under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Regional Development, which mainly solves the general problems of the regions. They do not consider the particularities of the cross-border territories and the significance of their development for ensuring food security in Russia. The paper concludes with the specific proposals for solving the topical issues of ensuring food security of the cross-border regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes the role of atomic energy in the energy balance and the nuclear industry development strategies of countries. The development problems of the Russian nuclear industry, which is the most important condition for ensuring energy independence and stable growth of the country's economy, have been identified. The paper describes the specifics of atomic energy, its strengths and weaknesses, as well as risks and opportunities. A brief overview of the theoretical fundamentals of the modern theory of clusters and various scientific approaches to the concept of a cluster is given, the domestic nuclear industry development specifics are shown, and the existence of the nuclear industry cluster in Russia, its effective functioning, and successful development is justified. The mechanism of state management and financial support of the nuclear industry cluster has been formulated, and the role of its research complex in the Russian nuclear industry development has been determined. The expediency of improving the mechanism for managing and funding the research complex of the nuclear industry cluster using the model of creating a state fund for supporting scientific, research, and innovative activities in the field of atomic energy has been justified, which, among other things, will improve the efficiency of budgetary expenditures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transition to low-carbon development, to reduce the negative impact on the environment, mainly affects the energy sector. Natural gas occupies a stable position of the demand of the Unified Energy System of Russia for 2021-2026 in fossil fuel. When natural gas is burned, thermal nitrogen oxides (hereinafter referred to as NOx) are predominantly formed in power-generating boiler of thermal power plants. This article presents the modeling and study of the natural gas combustion process with the organization of flue gas recirculation to the active burning zone on the example of a power-generating boiler of the TGMT-464 type, using the ANSYS Fluent software package. The paper presents a model and graphs of the temperature and NOx content distribution in the active burning zone with a change in the proportion of flue gas recirculation from 0 to 22%. The decrease in the emission of harmful substances is explained by the decrease in the peak flame temperature in the active burning zone, which is the main indicator of the formation of NOx. The decrease in temperature in the active burning zone is explained by an increase in the volume of gases in the combustion zone. The article is intended for postgraduate, candidate for a doctor's degree interested in the development of methods for suppressing the formation of NOx in the combustion products power-generating boiler at TPPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a bind of ways to improve indoor air conditions in the basement premises of the restored and reconstructed historical buildings. The features of the functional purpose of these basements are given and connected with religious architectural traditions of Russia. The measures are affecting the indoor air quality in the premises and building envelope conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An important task of improving the structural safety of buildings and structures is to improve the methodology for examining their technical condition. One of the significant stages of the building survey is a preliminary or visual survey, during which visible defects and damage are identified that affect the bearing capacity and performance of structures. Further, depending on the degree of damage to structures, the need for a detailed survey of the building with openings of building structures, testing of structural materials and verification calculations is determined. On large objects with a significant number of defects, a visual inspection with fixation of all defects and damages requires a highly qualified expert and a lot of labor. With frequent recurrence of defects, there is a possibility of skipping them and obtaining a biased examination result. A significant increase in the efficiency of detecting defects and damage at the stage of visual inspection can be facilitated by the use of neural network technologies using machine learning methods. Works in Russia and abroad in all fields of science and technology are currently devoted to the study of the operation of neural networks, which indicates the high promise of these technologies. In this paper, we studied a convolutional neural network model created in the Google Cloud Vision API, applied to detect cracks in reinforced concrete building structures. To train the neural network, images of cracks in a real survey object with a monolithic reinforced concrete frame were used. Based on the results of the work, the high efficiency of the constructed model is shown and the possibility of its application in the diagnosis of other types of defects encountered during the inspection of reinforced concrete structures of buildings is indicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking advantage of the potential of daylighting in the building helps to save energy used for artificial lighting. In Russia and other countries, where most of the energy is consumed for heating in winter, the increased window area leads to a reduction in the energy costs of artificial lighting but increases the heat loss through the windows blocks. Some studies contain criteria for assessing the feasibility of increasing the area of window, however, the influence of artificial light sources have not included. In this paper, the thermal balance of the room is considered, including the influence of artificial light sources, heat gain from solar radiation and transmission heat loss through window blocks. By calculating the difference in the thermal balance of the room after and before the increase in the window area, an expression of the criterion for evaluating the benefits of increasing the window area by energy indicators was obtained. Based on the cost of heat and electricity, the expression of the criterion for assessing the benefits of economic indicators was proposed. According to the presented criteria, the calculation for different function spaces: residential, office and school classes designed for Moscow was carried out. It is shown that, according to energy indicators, an increase in the window area is unprofitable or low profitable for residential and office premises, but beneficial for the school class. In conclusion, the paper shows the possibility of evaluating the energy efficiency of increasing the area of the window using the developed criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of our research is to show (by example of learning curve analysis) possibility of managing the educational process. The article presents experimental results of the construction and quantitative analysis of the learning curve by example of the elementary mathematical skill development. The experiment involved, 11th-grade students at the comprehensive school of the Russian Federation. The results obtained were divided into three groups, for each of which the learning curves were plotted. The paper outlines several dependencies on construction of learning curve approximation. Comparison of the results of the experimental learning curve approximation by various functions may lead to the conclusion that not all of them are satisfactory. The current findings showed that each student has a clearly traceable unique learning curve. It indicates the need for individual trajectory development for teaching every single student to improve the skills acquisition quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents identification and verification of a new version of the mathematical model of the Universal Modeling Method for calculating gas-dynamic characteristics of centrifugal compressors. To identify the loss model, we have tested the 20CE family of model stages designed by the Problem Laboratory of Compressor Engineering TU Saint-Petersburg, Russia. The identification involved the results of 70 model stages tests and the plant test results of the TKR-175E and TKR-140E turbocharger compressors. The identification result was the average error in calculating the efficiency inside 1.2% for all flow rates. To verify the new model, low flow rate model stages measured characteristic were successfully compared with calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the formation and development of Vietnam's metallurgical industry and the recent crisis are presented. The cause of the underdevelopment is backward production technology and slow transformation to meet the increasing requirements of the market. The paper also clarifies the development of automatic control system (ACS) and the production execution system (MES) in metal production in the world and Russia can be applied in Vietnam; The current problem of Vietnam's metallurgical industry is that the production technology is still outdated, the output is low, the product quality is not high and consumes a lot of energy. The solution to solve the above problems is to improve technology based on applying automatic control systems and MES systems to the operation and production of enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rapid understanding of data features is the main advantage of visualization compared to other ways of presenting information. Moreover, the purpose of visualization is to identify the necessary data transformations and features of methods for further work with the data. The application of heatmaps to visualize a dataset characterizing the quality of a system provides an effective implementation of the objectives under consideration. The paper considers the use of heatmaps to identify the features of a dataset composed of parameters characterizing the quality of life and Russia's constituent entities and to determine the necessary data transformations. Composite indicators of quality of life of the population are determined based on statistical data for the period 2010-2017. The author's modification of principal component analysis is used, which takes into account the presence of unrecoverable errors in the initial data. Signs of calculated weighted coefficients are used as an estimate of the reliability of the calculated composite index. Obtaining negative weighted coefficients is the main obstacle to the widespread use of multidimensional analysis methods in building complex indices. Heatmaps allow identifying variables with abnormal behavior. The use of logarithmic data correction for such variables can eliminate negative weights and allows one to build a more reliable composite index of a system's quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper contains a brief historical review of the vortex effect’s development in the Soviet Union and modern Russia. The main goal of the paper is to remind the readers about classical scholars and to tell briefly about their advances in the vortex effect theory. A brief theoretical description of the vortex effect suggested by Russian scientists is given in the paper. Modern studies of the vortex effect are directed to its application in different fields of the industry and science, rather than to develop new theoretical foundations. Some practical examples of the vortex effect applications are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper introduces an original permutation approach to assessment of the predictive ability of models based on artificial neural networks. Three models based on artificial neural networks (a multilayer perceptron, a network with the radial basis function, and a neural network with the generalized regression) were implemented to illustrate the permutation approach. Data on the spatial distribution of copper in the upper soil layer of Novy Urengoy (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia) were used for modeling. To evaluate the performance of the models, three different methods were used: error indices estimation, a graphical approach (the Taylor diagram), and a randomization estimation of the probability of obtaining the divergence between the observed and predicted series under assumption that both these datasets are taken from the same population. In the permutation approach, two statistics were used: the difference in means and the correlation coefficient. The permutation approach proved to be productive, as it allowed assessing the significance of the divergence between the observed and predicted datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problematic of scientific research is the absence in domestic practice of systemic approaches to justified digital transformation in science-intensive organizations. This paper evaluates the implementation of a digitalization strategy using the example of science-intensive enterprises in strategic industries, substantiates the need for a sustainable digital transformation program in a science-intensive company. The level of digitalization of companies in Russia and the world is analyzed, synergistic effects from the implementation of digital initiatives and the advantages of their mutual aggregate interaction are revealed. Conclusions were made about the impact of the implementation of digital solutions on the competitiveness of knowledge-intensive industries, about the effects and effectiveness of the implementation of innovative digital projects. They also noted the risks, difficulties and problems arising in the implementation of digital solutions in enterprises. Strategic sectors of the economy were selected as the basis for the analysis: traditional sectors of the fuel and energy complex in terms of their contribution to the economy (PJSC Lukoil, PJSC Tatneft, State Corporation Rosatom) and in terms of development prospects (State Corporation Roskosmos). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a brief overview of the current state of heat energy markets in countries with developed district heating systems (the Nordic countries, China and Russia). Changes to the organizational structure of the market are identified, in the context of generational change in district heating systems (1-5 generations). Special emphasis is placed on providing end-users of thermal energy with new options using renewable energy sources, heat pumps as stated in the new fourth energy package adopted in the European Union in 2019. Generalized block diagram of the automation system for active prosumer developed. It is concluded that it is necessary to develop wireless sensor control systems for district heating systems that keep pace with the market changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is devoted to the review of problematic and controversial issues of the development of railway transport in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. When finding out the reasons for the disruption of railway transportation during World War I from 1914, which became even more aggravated during the 1917 revolution in Russia, some railway engineers, including revolutionary-minded, considered the operation of technical inspection and state control institutions in the industry adverse for the development of railways. From the point of view of some railway engineers, the normal functioning and development of the railways were possible only in the presence of specific conditions, i.e. its organization in all major details strictly corresponding to the nature of the business; complete stickiness to the plan of its course and full coordination of the operation of all parts of its complex mechanism without exception; properly trained and specially selected personnel set in conditions that ensure the best possible use of its business qualities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Russian market of transport and logistics infrastructure developed rather slowly in 2019. By the way, there was nowhere to expect breakthrough indicators – the growth of the world economy is slowing down, and therefore the decline trends are inherent in many industries around the world. Delivery volumes gradually gained momentum, but in early 2020 there was a crisis – the COVID-19 pandemic, which swept the whole world and changed the lives of not only millions of people, but also the situation in the international and regional markets. The closure of borders between countries and the introduction of a self-isolation regime has led to a significant reduction in the volume of production capacities. The COVID-19 pandemic, having disrupted the established ties between producers and consumers around the world, has made serious adjustments to the business processes of transport and logistics organizations. The paper analyzes the features of the formation and functioning of logistics chains for Russia and the world. Global trends in the development of transport and logistics infrastructure in the modern conditions of transformation of economic relations were identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the issues of response to abnormal and emergency situations, including threats of and acts of unlawful interference on vehicles and transport infrastructure facilities of the railways of the Russian Federation. The response process is considered in terms of the regulations of interaction between the units in charge of the response and transfer of information about an accident. Based on the results of the analysis of regulatory documents, the data on the response processes in the event of threats, acts of unlawful interference and other abnormal and emergency situations were structured. An algorithmic model of the response process of the structural units of the railway, forces and units responsible for transport safety on the transport infrastructure facilities and vehicles and other safety authorities under threats, acts of unlawful interference and other abnormal and emergency situations have been developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the research and practical use of petroleum bitumens and bitumen-based modified binders in road construction in Russia compared to the advanced global research. It is shown that unmodified petroleum bitumens are used in the construction and repair of regional and local roads in Russia. Moreover, in Russia, oxidized bitumens are widely used, the quality of which is significantly inferior to the residual bitumens accepted for use in developed countries. The materials used for bitumen modification in Russia and abroad are considered, the most widely used thermoelastoplasts, thermoplastics, and natural and synthetic rubbers including. The issues of using sulfur and its derivatives as cross-linking agents are discussed. Reactive substances, as well as the functionalization of the modifiers themselves, i.e., the directed use of functional groups that provide missing bonds in the interaction are covered. The studies on nanoscale effect in the interaction of bitumen components with natural or synthesized nanomaterials are presented. Currently, an increasing number of researchers, both in Russia and abroad, are trying to find ways to improve the quality characteristics of modified bitumens using waste, while solving both environmental and economic problems. Although there has been marked progress in such developments, they are still difficult to compete with specially designed and manufactured modifiers. This progress is evident in the use of so-called hybrid or mixed modifiers, the components of which are selected for improving specific properties. There is considerable interest in the use of crumb rubber from worn-out tires as a potentially suitable component for making bitumen elastic and reducing the brittleness temperature. In Russia, there are noteworthy developments in this area that have been industrially tested. An interesting method is the high-temperature shear grinding of rubber crumbs on ultra-high-pressure devices, at which the specific surface area of the particles is disproportionately large, compared to the known methods. This provides an accelerated interaction of particles with bitumen forming mesh structures at the dry method of introducing crumb directly into bitumen-concrete mixture. The paper describes the main types of equipment for bitumen modification. Currently, the road industry in Russia is undergoing a conceptual transition to the new generation of standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the concepts and organizational foundations of ensuring the information security of an organization in the context of the digitalization of the economy. The relevance of the study of the problem posed has been proved, since in modern realities there is a widespread introduction of information and software technologies. It is shown that the digital economy is one of the main directions of the strategic development of Russia - the digital transformation of various spheres of human life requires the most careful measures to ensure cybersecurity and protect the confidentiality of information resources. The role of the latest technologies for processing "big data", the implementation of high-tech solutions in order to ensure reliable, timely, long-term and safe storage of databases is clarified. It is shown that the modern information environment is unprecedented in terms of the presence of threats and risks that can manifest themselves in various forms; in this regard, it was proved that it is extremely important to timely and constantly identify and analyze emerging threats and risks, as well as ongoing changes in the information infrastructure. It was also proved that only with this in mind, it is possible to design and build an effective information security system based on the formation of an extensive information infrastructure that allows to provide timely and secure access to information that organizations need. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author of the paper shows that an important factor in the location of the production of building materials is the availability of sufficient raw materials in the region. The northern regions of the Russian Federation in general and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in particular have rich reserves of raw materials for the production of building materials. In addition, the author draws attention to the fact that despite the presence in Yakutia of its own mineral resource base, at present there are factors that contribute to the delay in the development of this industry: the use of technologies that are outdated and energy-intensive, the uneven distribution of production capacities for the production of building materials on the territory of Yakutia. This contributes to an increase in the cost of construction, arising from high tariffs for transport services. The need of Yakutia in large volumes of building materials is due to the expansion of the housing stock, industry and road network. In this connection, the production of building materials on its own in the harsh northern conditions will allow the republic to reduce the cost of their importation from other subjects of the Russian Federation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to substantiate the development of geometric shapes for the improvement and further development of hybrid wind generators, in which wind turbines and structures are combined with solar cells to convert wind and solar energy into electrical energy. The paper also analyzes and finds out how relevant it is to improve the appearance of combined-type wind power turbines, taking into account the external conditions of the impact of wind load and the choice of promising geometric shapes for the development of the energy network of the Russian Federation in the first place, including taking into account the economic feasibility of the decisions taken. An analysis was carried out on many well-known design solutions, which showed that in order to create a successful sample of a wind generators with solar cells, it is necessary to solve many researches and tasks, using knowledge in many branches of science and technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the present stage of market relations, the construction industry is relevant and widespread. The construction industry cannot be singled out as a special form of industry, since it has scales of only internal significance. The construction industry is quite heterogeneous. It may include large-scale forms of construction, where teams of workers build public and shopping centers, residential multi-storey buildings, construction complexes for the aerospace industry, etc. Shopping and entertainment centers are large construction projects. Such facilities require constant construction supervision, which includes fire supervision, in order to ensure fire safety in them. The paper analyzes fires in the Russian Federation, including in shopping and entertainment centers. Objects with a mass stay of people are investigated on the example of the shopping entertainment center Passage in Voronezh, the analysis was performed based on the assumed situation of fire growth and carrying out emergency rescue operations. Simulation of two scenarios of fire growth with the most dangerous fire zones has been carried out. According to the first scenario the fire breaks out in the premises of the "Perekrestok" store located on the 1st floor. In the event of a fire in the store, the greatest amount of manpower and resources will be required, since this facility has the highest fire hazard because of a large amount of goods stored there. According to the second scenario, a fire breaks out in a retail space located on the second floor of the Passage shopping and entertainment center. For the considered shopping entertainment center, recommendations have been developed for organizing rescue operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issues of increasing the socio-economic efficiency of industrial real estate reproduction based on the industrial parks construction as a top-priority segment of the national industrial construction market responsible for the sustainable development of the Russian economy based on the priority implementation of the eco-industrial development concept are investigated. The relevance of this field of research is determined by the significant demand for improved use of global trends in sustainable development, green construction and environmental development applied to modern forms of industrial construction i.e., the industrial parks, in the course of construction, reconstruction or modernization of competitive industrial real estate. The purpose of the study is to elaborate methodological approaches and practical recommendations for structuring efficient industrial eco-development models as investment and construction systems for efficient management of multi-format industrial real estate facilities' reproduction in the course of industrial parks construction within the framework of public-private partnership models. The study focus is on industrial construction systems as industrial eco-development structures responsible for investment projects management in industrial parks at all stages of the life cycle of operation. The scientific results given in this paper: the peculiarities of the industrial parks' market formation and growth in Russia and abroad, as well as the analysis of organizational impact methods related to the state priorities of the national formation and development of industrial parks; the experience of global and domestic implementation of the sustainable development, green construction and eco-development concepts in relation to the industrial parks' construction; the author's functional and structural modeling of industrial and construction systems as institutions of industrial ecodevelopment of industrial parks, as well as the determination of the life cycle sustainability integral indicators in these ecodevelopment models; graphical interpretation of the predicted ecodevelopment sustainability indicators as the economic reliability of the life cycle functioning of industrial construction in relation to the industrial park "Severny Almaz" in the East Siberian region at the early stages of its planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relevance and purpose of work: The problem of environmental pollution during the operation of municipal solid waste disposal facilities (hereinafter referred to as MSW) is acute for all Russian regions. At the same time, the world experience of environmentally safe development of post reclamation MSW landfills territories is not sufficiently implemented in Russia. Therefore, the actual purpose of this paper is to study the international and Russian experience in the implementation of development projects on the territories of MSW landfills, to consider the current situation with MSW landfills on the territory of Moscow and the Moscow region, to analyze negative implementation experience of the post-reclamation territory use concept in the MSW landfill "Salarievo" case. A comprehensive analysis of the Russian regulatory framework and methodological developments on the design and improvement of public areas in reclaimed areas of MSW landfills, as well as the best foreign practices compared to Russian ones. The research object is landfills of MSW. The research subject is the principal approaches to the implementation of development projects in the territories after the reclamation of landfills of MSW. The received results: the foreign and Russian methodology and practice of rational post reclamation use of the MSW landfills territory practically don't differ. However, at present there is no regulatory framework in Russia allowing to stipulate in the reclamation project further use of such a territory. The former MSW "Salarievo" landfill case gives grounds to formulate the principle that the improvement of the landfill territory is secondary compared to the possible reduction of the sanitary protection zone, which allows significant compacting of the adjacent residential complex "Salarievo Park" (to increase the number of storeys, the buildings density and the final investment attractiveness of the development project). In order to implement the national project "Ecology" and the Clean Country program as part of it, it is essential to develop a regulatory framework for the design of reclamation and elimination of MSW landfills, which allows to obtain Roskomnadzor's permission to use such territories for the investment-attractive development of multi-functional purposes in demand by the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is devoted to the study of issues of greening urban construction and environmental standardization of housing facilities. Based on a comparative review of foreign and Russian practice in the development and application of environmental standards, the scale of the spread and regulation of sustainable (green) construction in Russia and abroad was determined; the shortcomings of the regulatory and legal framework for urban environmental construction were revealed using the example of the Rostov region; the problems of the slow development of green construction in Russia were highlighted. As a result of the study, development factors have been identified and methods have been proposed to achieve an accelerated increase in the volume of green building in the Russian Federation. Green construction is one of the most pressing global trends that have come to the architectural and construction industry over the past decade. Today, construction is one of the main activities that have a detrimental effect on the environment, and it is necessary to talk about the urgent need for scientific substantiation and practical implementation of environmental solutions during construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the problems of forming a comfortable urban environment, taking into account the achievements and great successes in science and technology, as well as technologies used by people. It is shown that they are still quite far from the "waste-free" processes of nature, in which energy or matter passes from one state to another and find their place in ecological systems. Research in this area does not raise doubts. Environmental pollution, irrational use of natural goods and components leave their detrimental imprint on human health and life, society and the ecosystem as a whole. The study showed that the formation of a comfortable urban environment is a set of measures aimed at preventing the occurrence and development of environmentally hazardous situations and eliminating their consequences, as well as protecting the life, health of the population and society as a whole. At the same time, its goal is to create a favorable and comfortable environment for human life, as an integral element of the ecosystem, to ensure the protection of biological diversity and natural resources from various kinds of threats, including natural, man-made, anthropogenic and others. In the field of ensuring a comfortable urban environment and rational use of natural resources in Russia, specific subjects of the state have other equally important issues that need to be resolved, which are often not paid attention to in a timely manner. The materials presented in the study show that ensuring the formation of a comfortable urban environment and rational use of natural resources needs a certain reform, which would make it possible, in the legislative and organizational terms, to finally stabilize the activity of this system, as well as to determine its role as a tool for protecting the population, society, natural resources and the environment in the new socio-economic conditions for the long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Railway crossing has always been a source of increased danger for vehicles and pedestrians crossing it. Every year in Russia, several hundred-road accidents occur at railway crossings, dozens of people die. To increase the safety of traffic at railway crossings, automatic systems for detection of objects in the immediate danger zone can be used. These are sensors of optical (cameras, lidars) and radio ranges. The main disadvantage of optical devices is their limited functionality in insufficient visibility conditions: snowfall, rain, fog. Note that the radar is devoid of this disadvantage and retains its specified detection characteristics under any weather conditions. The paper deals with the analysis of the approach to form the directivity characteristics of the phased antenna array for 24 GHz FMCW radar used in the system of automatic control at the railway crossings. The feature of the proposed technique is applying of two widely spaced incoherent omnidirectional in azimuthal plane transmitters that provide the interferometric structure of transmit pattern. The important requirement for radar systems of detecting objects at a railway crossing are a wide field of view (up to 90 degrees) and, at the same time, high accuracy in determining coordinates. The last requirement assumes a relatively high resolution in angular coordinates (several degrees). The proposed structure of the transmitting antenna array allows the improvement of the angular resolution in comparison with the conventional array with the same aperture. The receiving antenna array should provide a low level of the sidelobes and a given beamwidth of the radar directivity pattern. The rotation of the beam of the receiving phased antenna array is carried out in the digital signal processing (DSP) system, since separated phase shifters are also not used in receivers. Optimization was carried out on the level of the side lobes and the resulting width of the radar beam. To reduce the side lobe level, a sidelobe compensation method is used. It is known, zero is formed in DP of the compensation channel in the direction of the maximum of DP of the main channel. In the presented work, the central six channels of the receiver are used to form the main beam. In the case of a compensation beam, the first six channels have the opposite phase to the rest to form a zero of DP. Theoretical justification is presented. The results of mathematical modeling are shown. To study the features of work in a real railway crossing, a prototype of 24 GHz radar was designed. Also, transmit and receive positions of FSR were used. The work of the prototype was studied in the conditions when objects of interest, including cars and pedestrians, were moving through the crossing. The results of the prototype testing are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies have shown that scientists can benefit from participation in scientific networks as they can receive more and better information in a timely manner and have communication between employees. This paper shows an approach based on the use of methods of analysis of social graphs and thematic modeling to study the community of scientists working on the topic of hematology oncology in Russia. The proposed approach makes it possible to effectively identify research teams, as well as understand what issues they are working on at the moment. The use of this approach allows bringing the strategic management of scientific research within the framework of a scientific or educational organization to a new level, since it allows making data-based decisions in terms of scientific collaboration and assessing the long-term consequences of such decisions. In the work under consideration, the data of 2140 scientific articles from the Scopus / WoS databases on the topic of hematology oncology for 2016-2020 were used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is devoted to the unique role of the educational system in the life of the modern digital society, which focuses on the basic provisions, values and principles that are inherent in the post-industrial era. The efficiency and quality of the work of the education system directly depends on human potential, the ability of people to overcome not only natural, but also cultural challenges. The difficult modern conditions in which Russia found itself require a qualitative transformation of the entire national educational system. The object of research in the article is the digital culture inherent in modern Russian society, in the development of its impact on the transformation of the educational environment. The analysis of digitalization in the system of higher education carried out by the authors shows that at the moment it is a form of administrative-compulsory imposition in higher educational institutions in the form of distance learning technologies, for example, in the form of online courses, while the practical experience of many leading foreign institutions shows that they have an extremely low degree of integration into the higher education system. The purpose of the study conducted in the article is to study various possible directions for the development of digital culture based on the analysis and subsequent assessment of the degree of its interaction with modern values of education. The authors propose a conceptual scheme for creating a metauniversity in the form of a technological platform operating in the digital economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper assesses wood as a valuable raw material for the production of building, finishing, insulating materials and fuel. An analysis was made of the production activities of one of the timber enterprises of the Angara-Yenisei region and the portfolio of marketable products produced by it for the period from 2017 to 2021. An assessment is made of the dynamics of changes in production volumes and the cost of fibreboard, lumber and pellets over 5 years. The influence of the average distance of cargo transportation, the pace of housing construction in Russia, the volume of production in the furniture industry, the growth of the global economy, restrictions on the export of products to the European market caused by both the spread of coronavirus infection and the foreign political situation in the world on the production volumes of wood processing enterprises, its cost is described. and demand. In order to improve the timber industry enterprise, the need to ensure an optimal balance of production and consumption of wood biomass by means of improving the portfolio of manufactured products is substantiated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existing schemes of low-voltage distribution networks for agricultural purposes do not correspond to the modern technical standards. They deteriorate the reliability of power supply, the electricity quality, and increase its losses. The paper analyses the existing power supply schemes for private households and agricultural consumers in Russia and other countries. In North America, private houses are sometimes connected to the scheme using the 120-240 V individual transformers. A similar concept can be used to modernize the Russian electrical grid. The basic principle of the 0.95 kV electricity distribution system is to organize networks of this voltage class, with partial use of the main elements of the existing low voltage (0.4 kV) networks. The transformer substations for voltage 6/0.95/0.4 kV or 6/0.95 kV and individual low-power (0.95 (0.55)/0.4 (0.23) kV) transformers are installed in close proximity to the consumer. The new concept for the construction of the 0.95 kV electrical grid will reduce technical losses of electricity by 5-10% or more and commercial losses by 30% of the actual value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents an analysis of the twenty years' results of restructuring (which is still ongoing) the electric power industry in Russia from the perspective of systems studies. It indicates that most of the reform goals focusing on significant enhancement of the industry efficiency based on market relations have not been achieved. This failure was due to the lack of a comprehensive rationale for adopted lines of the reform, the absence of systems analysis, and no assessment of the consequences of implementing the Western electricity market models in the context of Russia. Wholesale and retail markets for electricity and heat have been created but formally and without full-fledged competition. The inflow of investment in the energy sector was insufficient. The study shows that advanced technologies are currently adopted in Russia's power industry, but necessary measures to transform market relations are not undertaken. Based on the consideration of current challenges and trends, some directions for the wholesale and retail energy markets transformation in Russia have been proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]