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The paper is devoted to the study of issues of greening urban construction and environmental standardization of housing facilities. Based on a comparative review of foreign and Russian practice in the development and application of environmental standards, the scale of the spread and regulation of sustainable (green) construction in Russia and abroad was determined; the shortcomings of the regulatory and legal framework for urban environmental construction were revealed using the example of the Rostov region; the problems of the slow development of green construction in Russia were highlighted. As a result of the study, development factors have been identified and methods have been proposed to achieve an accelerated increase in the volume of green building in the Russian Federation. Green construction is one of the most pressing global trends that have come to the architectural and construction industry over the past decade. Today, construction is one of the main activities that have a detrimental effect on the environment, and it is necessary to talk about the urgent need for scientific substantiation and practical implementation of environmental solutions during construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the problems of forming a comfortable urban environment, taking into account the achievements and great successes in science and technology, as well as technologies used by people. It is shown that they are still quite far from the "waste-free" processes of nature, in which energy or matter passes from one state to another and find their place in ecological systems. Research in this area does not raise doubts. Environmental pollution, irrational use of natural goods and components leave their detrimental imprint on human health and life, society and the ecosystem as a whole. The study showed that the formation of a comfortable urban environment is a set of measures aimed at preventing the occurrence and development of environmentally hazardous situations and eliminating their consequences, as well as protecting the life, health of the population and society as a whole. At the same time, its goal is to create a favorable and comfortable environment for human life, as an integral element of the ecosystem, to ensure the protection of biological diversity and natural resources from various kinds of threats, including natural, man-made, anthropogenic and others. In the field of ensuring a comfortable urban environment and rational use of natural resources in Russia, specific subjects of the state have other equally important issues that need to be resolved, which are often not paid attention to in a timely manner. The materials presented in the study show that ensuring the formation of a comfortable urban environment and rational use of natural resources needs a certain reform, which would make it possible, in the legislative and organizational terms, to finally stabilize the activity of this system, as well as to determine its role as a tool for protecting the population, society, natural resources and the environment in the new socio-economic conditions for the long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Railway crossing has always been a source of increased danger for vehicles and pedestrians crossing it. Every year in Russia, several hundred-road accidents occur at railway crossings, dozens of people die. To increase the safety of traffic at railway crossings, automatic systems for detection of objects in the immediate danger zone can be used. These are sensors of optical (cameras, lidars) and radio ranges. The main disadvantage of optical devices is their limited functionality in insufficient visibility conditions: snowfall, rain, fog. Note that the radar is devoid of this disadvantage and retains its specified detection characteristics under any weather conditions. The paper deals with the analysis of the approach to form the directivity characteristics of the phased antenna array for 24 GHz FMCW radar used in the system of automatic control at the railway crossings. The feature of the proposed technique is applying of two widely spaced incoherent omnidirectional in azimuthal plane transmitters that provide the interferometric structure of transmit pattern. The important requirement for radar systems of detecting objects at a railway crossing are a wide field of view (up to 90 degrees) and, at the same time, high accuracy in determining coordinates. The last requirement assumes a relatively high resolution in angular coordinates (several degrees). The proposed structure of the transmitting antenna array allows the improvement of the angular resolution in comparison with the conventional array with the same aperture. The receiving antenna array should provide a low level of the sidelobes and a given beamwidth of the radar directivity pattern. The rotation of the beam of the receiving phased antenna array is carried out in the digital signal processing (DSP) system, since separated phase shifters are also not used in receivers. Optimization was carried out on the level of the side lobes and the resulting width of the radar beam. To reduce the side lobe level, a sidelobe compensation method is used. It is known, zero is formed in DP of the compensation channel in the direction of the maximum of DP of the main channel. In the presented work, the central six channels of the receiver are used to form the main beam. In the case of a compensation beam, the first six channels have the opposite phase to the rest to form a zero of DP. Theoretical justification is presented. The results of mathematical modeling are shown. To study the features of work in a real railway crossing, a prototype of 24 GHz radar was designed. Also, transmit and receive positions of FSR were used. The work of the prototype was studied in the conditions when objects of interest, including cars and pedestrians, were moving through the crossing. The results of the prototype testing are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As of today, the Russian Federation puts a special emphasis on the country's digital transformation in general and shows a particular interest towards big data, which is confirmed by a number of documents analyzed and the situation in the subject area. The research paper presented to your attention analyzes big data. One of their application areas is a public sector, in particular, the operation of federal regional bodies of the executive authority. The main value of big data from the governmental point of view consists in the possibility of work with heterogeneous information to improve the efficiency of management decision taking over a wide range of issues. The key research purpose is extrapolating the expertise in big data analysis used in the work of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Primorsky Territory. To do this, the authors suggest addressing to the theoretical assumptions of big data, learning the key chain of work on them and focusing on the national and foreign experience of data use in certain knowledge fields. The practical part of the research includes the description of the operation experience of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Prymorsky Territory directly relating to the region digital development and providing a certain list of works with heterogeneous data. As an example, the authors pay attention to the approved approach to the analysis of a large set of open data, characterizing the SME work and development in the Primorsky Territory, placed at the website of the Federal Tax Service of the Russian Federation. The conclusion highlights the point that the suggested approach on the data processing can be adapted to similar needs in other federal regional authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the reasons for the unsatisfactory results of using multidimensional analysis to determine composite quality indices of systems may be the specifics of the data used. Traditionally used as an initial transformation, data scaling does not eliminate the existing data properties. Logarithmic transformation is usually mentioned as possible, but recommendations for its use in the construction of composite indicators are not given. The paper proposes a criterion for the application of logarithmic transformation of variables. Logarithmic transformation is necessary exclusively for anomalous variables. An anomality criteria based on the signal-to-noise ratio of data in a proposed standard form is used. Visually abnormal variables can also be identified using heat maps. The proposed analytical method for detecting anomalous variables coincides with the results of heat map data analysis. The evaluation of the effectiveness of using logarithmic transformation in assessing the quality of poorly formalized systems is examined. Composite indexes of the quality of life for regions of the Russian Federation are calculated. The use of logarithmic correction for anomalous variables solves the problem with the negativity of the weighting coefficients as well as providing a more correct socio-economic interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies have shown that scientists can benefit from participation in scientific networks as they can receive more and better information in a timely manner and have communication between employees. This paper shows an approach based on the use of methods of analysis of social graphs and thematic modeling to study the community of scientists working on the topic of hematology oncology in Russia. The proposed approach makes it possible to effectively identify research teams, as well as understand what issues they are working on at the moment. The use of this approach allows bringing the strategic management of scientific research within the framework of a scientific or educational organization to a new level, since it allows making data-based decisions in terms of scientific collaboration and assessing the long-term consequences of such decisions. In the work under consideration, the data of 2140 scientific articles from the Scopus / WoS databases on the topic of hematology oncology for 2016-2020 were used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the formation and development of Vietnam's metallurgical industry and the recent crisis are presented. The cause of the underdevelopment is backward production technology and slow transformation to meet the increasing requirements of the market. The paper also clarifies the development of automatic control system (ACS) and the production execution system (MES) in metal production in the world and Russia can be applied in Vietnam; The current problem of Vietnam's metallurgical industry is that the production technology is still outdated, the output is low, the product quality is not high and consumes a lot of energy. The solution to solve the above problems is to improve technology based on applying automatic control systems and MES systems to the operation and production of enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rapid understanding of data features is the main advantage of visualization compared to other ways of presenting information. Moreover, the purpose of visualization is to identify the necessary data transformations and features of methods for further work with the data. The application of heatmaps to visualize a dataset characterizing the quality of a system provides an effective implementation of the objectives under consideration. The paper considers the use of heatmaps to identify the features of a dataset composed of parameters characterizing the quality of life and Russia's constituent entities and to determine the necessary data transformations. Composite indicators of quality of life of the population are determined based on statistical data for the period 2010-2017. The author's modification of principal component analysis is used, which takes into account the presence of unrecoverable errors in the initial data. Signs of calculated weighted coefficients are used as an estimate of the reliability of the calculated composite index. Obtaining negative weighted coefficients is the main obstacle to the widespread use of multidimensional analysis methods in building complex indices. Heatmaps allow identifying variables with abnormal behavior. The use of logarithmic data correction for such variables can eliminate negative weights and allows one to build a more reliable composite index of a system's quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existing schemes of low-voltage distribution networks for agricultural purposes do not correspond to the modern technical standards. They deteriorate the reliability of power supply, the electricity quality, and increase its losses. The paper analyses the existing power supply schemes for private households and agricultural consumers in Russia and other countries. In North America, private houses are sometimes connected to the scheme using the 120-240 V individual transformers. A similar concept can be used to modernize the Russian electrical grid. The basic principle of the 0.95 kV electricity distribution system is to organize networks of this voltage class, with partial use of the main elements of the existing low voltage (0.4 kV) networks. The transformer substations for voltage 6/0.95/0.4 kV or 6/0.95 kV and individual low-power (0.95 (0.55)/0.4 (0.23) kV) transformers are installed in close proximity to the consumer. The new concept for the construction of the 0.95 kV electrical grid will reduce technical losses of electricity by 5-10% or more and commercial losses by 30% of the actual value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents an analysis of the twenty years' results of restructuring (which is still ongoing) the electric power industry in Russia from the perspective of systems studies. It indicates that most of the reform goals focusing on significant enhancement of the industry efficiency based on market relations have not been achieved. This failure was due to the lack of a comprehensive rationale for adopted lines of the reform, the absence of systems analysis, and no assessment of the consequences of implementing the Western electricity market models in the context of Russia. Wholesale and retail markets for electricity and heat have been created but formally and without full-fledged competition. The inflow of investment in the energy sector was insufficient. The study shows that advanced technologies are currently adopted in Russia's power industry, but necessary measures to transform market relations are not undertaken. Based on the consideration of current challenges and trends, some directions for the wholesale and retail energy markets transformation in Russia have been proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study outlines a methodological approach to assessing the impact of greenhouse gas emission limits on the innovative development of TPPs. The proposed methodological approach is based on a dynamic optimization territory-specific (with a breakdown into aggregated regions) production model of the country's energy sector. The authors present a list of the tasks that are solved in the electric power and heating module of the energy sector model. The paper also describes the results of the assessment of the impact of limits on CO2 emissions from thermal power plants in Russia on their innovative development in the long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the construction of buildings and structures in the Rostov region, as in other territories of the Russian Federation, much attention is paid to the issue of deformation of load-bearing structures due to the influence of additive soils. Some ancient buildings are of architectural value or unique ones where the museums are located. A number of such buildings are currently in renovation. The reconstruction must be carried out while maintaining the external architectural value or building colour peculiarity. Each paper must have an abstract of 100-200 words. In each case, it is necessary to consider the application of the advanced construction methods and technologies. For welding building structures, specially developed welding modes are used, and make it possible to increase the metal melting at the beginning, which reduces the number of defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the global digital economy the discrepancy between the requirements of employers and vocational training in Russia has received considerable critical attention. Institutions of higher education play a key role in the information and communication competence development. This paper finds that a foreign language course at a non-linguistic university is an optimal tool for the development and improvement of these skills. The aim of this study was to clarify the foreign language teaching methods within a Master's course at the agrarian university, which can provide information and communication competence development. The system of the foreign language teaching methods for the development and improvement of digital literacy is presented. The authors conclude that the development efficiency depends on many factors, including the willingness of the teacher himself to use digital tools, and the pedagogical aspect of their development and implementation. Students' motivation is crucial as well. The questionnaire required students to give self-assessment of their digital skills after the foreign language course. 'Communication and collaboration', 'Information and data literacy' components are developed on the advanced level due to the youth involvement in communication through digital gadgets and apps. However, learning skills require special methods of development and improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study is urgent due the practical orientation of modern educational paradigm with data analysis applied as the main tool to obtain new scientific results in psychological and pedagogical experiments. This emphasizes the need for basic mathematical education of scientists. The study reveals the potential of statistical hypothesis testing toolkit without using special statistical data processing packages and preliminary mathematical training of scientists. The paper presents the results of a long-term pedagogical experiment on the development of pedagogical approaches in the traditional education of Evens school-age children by organizing a summer nomadic camp from 2002 to 2017 in.the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) of the Russian Federation. The paper describes in detail the methodology of applying the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, which makes it possible to determine the statistical significance of typical shifts in coherent samples. In this study the results of the Evens school-age children's achievements BEFORE and AFTER attending the nomadic camp were used as coherent samples. Despite the general and non-specific descriptions of the campers' achievements, the described algorithm for using the rank non-parametric criterion made it possible to quantify the main pedagogical results obtained during the pedagogical experiment to develop and test a new form of traditional education for children of indigenous small-numbered people inhabiting the North executed as a summer nomadic camp. The results thus obtained are of practical importance for the researchers in the field of data analysis in psychological and pedagogical sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the results of flattening tests of aluminum annular specimens subjected to deformation processing by a new method of channel angular pressing (CAP) of annular metal billets developed on the basis of inventions patented in the Russian Federation. Aluminum annular billets (99.4% Al) of 13.9 mm diameter, 1.9 mm wall thickness, and 8 mm height were subjected to CAP at room temperature with a device of D / d ≅ 1.14 outlet and inlet channels diameter ratio. The annular billets were loaded with a tubular punch by a hydraulic press. Load curves for flattening of aluminum annular specimens (99.4% Al) are given. The authors demonstrate the mechanical properties under flattening (radial compression) of aluminum annular specimens in the initial state and after CAP. Mechanical radial compression tests of aluminum annular specimens (99.4% Al) of 16 mm diameter, 1.35 mm wall thickness and 4.15 mm height were made with Instron-1195 testing machine at constant loading speed of ≍0.83 × 10−5 ms−1. An increase in the yield point of aluminum (99.4 % Al) resulted from CAP at room temperature has been found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is concerned with the problem of the development of renewable energy in the world. The paper presents the efficient potential of solar and geothermal energy in Russia. The advantages of using renewable energy technologies in buildings are presented. Examples of the introduction of renewable power plants into the building envelope are considered. A comparative analysis of the efficiency of solar facade power plants with thin-film panels is given on the example of a three-story residential building in two cities of Russia. The methods of regulation of state policy in relation to renewable energy in a number of countries are considered. The article provides comparable data on the percent of renewable energy sources in the total energy balance of European Union and Russia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The principle of diversity of land ownership forms should be linked to the principles of equivalent exchange, economic efficiency and social justice. In the work, with the help of analysis, synthesis and provisions presented in scientific papers, the theoretical aspects of the influence of land ownership forms on land use in agriculture are revealed. The study shows that the use of agricultural land under different forms of ownership gives the following results: private land ownership in the agricultural sector promotes interest in efficient agriculture, rational use of land; private group form of land ownership promotes economic efficiency, preservation of soil fertility and social efficiency through the distribution of land rent in society; state and municipal ownership of agricultural land can contribute to economic efficiency and promotes social efficiency. The authors see in the future the development of a variety of land ownership forms in agriculture of the Russian Federation, while there will be a tendency to increase the area of agricultural land owned by the municipality, legal entities and a reduction in the area of agricultural land owned by the state and citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A brief historical review of researches on downy mildew on sunflower conducted in V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops is presented. The purpose of the work is to characterize the main elements of testing technology of sunflower resistance to downy mildew pathogen used in V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops. In different periods (from the 1950s) institute's scientists developed a method of artificial inoculation of sunflower plants with a disease pathogen – Plasmopara halstedii (Farl.) Berl. et de Toni. Now, specialists of many countries modify these methods widely known all over the world. Races of the pathogen spread in the Krasnodar and other regions of the Russian Federation are named. There are some biotypes resistant to metalaxyl among the races 710, 730, and 734. The modern testing technology of sunflower resistance to downy mildew pathogen used in V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops provides for necessity to monitor constantly race structure of a pathogen population and to identify the most widespread races for correct estimation of sunflower breeding material resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the industrial and potentially industrial types of niobium deposits in Russia are characterized by high content of phosphorus. The use of such raw materials when enriching by known methods leads to additional costs and losses of niobium. In this regard, it becomes impossible to obtain standard grades of ferroniobium according to the existing technological schemes. The paper considers the possibility of obtaining complex ferroalloys from Russian niobium raw materials with an increased phosphorus content based on alloys of the Fe-Al-P and Fe-Si-Al-P systems at a variable concentration of aluminum (10-20%) and silicon (10-30%). The process of sublimation of phosphorus from melts is studied in the temperature range of 1400-1700 °C. It's shown that aluminum does not affect in the studied alloys, and silicon contributes to the sublimation of phosphorus. With a significant phosphorus content in the alloy (10-18%), the presence of 20% silicon in the Fe-Si-Al-P system leads to the sublimation of phosphorus up to 20%. It's also shown that an increase in temperature affects an increase in the activity of phosphorus and its sublimation. The intensity of phosphorus sublimation increases especially at temperatures ≥ 1600 ° C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses issues related to the development and operation of autonomous installations on photovoltaic cells. Typical structure of an autonomous power plant is described. The authors consider the methodology for assessing insolation on an inclined surface, insolation is assessed for the Kaliningrad region, Russia. The paper describes a developed computer model of an autonomous power plant and presents the results of its operation. A prototype of an autonomous power plant is described. Authors assess its operation during the year and make a conclusion of the use of this power plant in the conditions of the Kaliningrad region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study of the current state of the use of digital technologies in the agro-industrial complex. The development of the agro-industrial complex in the conditions of the digital economy involves the use of innovative, digital, cluster, information and computer technologies, as well as new managerial, economic, organizational methods, with fundamentally new properties, which are aimed at increasing the efficiency of production, management and implementation for all areas of the agro-industrial complex. Based on the analysis of foreign experience, the regulatory framework of the Russian Federation, digital standards, types of digital technologies, the paper considers the types of digital technologies in the agro-industrial complex and the possibility of their use for future development. The methodological basis of the study was the works of domestic scientists-economists on the development of innovations and digital technologies in the agro-industrial complex; general scientific research methods (abstract-logical, economic-statistical, etc.) were used, as well as open analytical materials on the development of digital technologies, the use of artificial intelligence and neural networks in the agro-industrial complex, etc. The article reveals that the range of digital technologies currently being created for the agro-industrial complex is diverse and it is aimed at solving a set of problems: growth of output and the efficiency of the agricultural enterprise, introduction of artificial intelligence; creation of insight based on images; determination of the optimal mixture for agronomic products; monitoring the state of crops; methods of automating irrigation and stimulating farmers, etc. As world best practices show, the use of digital technologies in agriculture makes it possible to achieve economic growth in the industry. However, the main problem of introducing digital technologies in agriculture is the high cost of their implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many countries, including Russia, are paying increasing attention to improving the quality of the urban environment, which is impossible without a corresponding improvement of infrastructure. This is related not only to the new sanitary requirements caused by the covid19 pandemic, but also in general to the development of cities and the strengthening of their role in socio-economic development. In Russia, web.rf is actively implementing a programme to support the development of a modern urban economy, focusing on the country's 100 largest cities. Development of urban infrastructure is always the responsibility of local authorities. Today, the investor is ready, within the framework of public-private partnership, to participate in joint implementation of infrastructure projects. The paper considers current trends in the development of urban infrastructure in Russian practice. The sectors in which "smart city" projects are implemented to the greatest extent are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of the analytical review and the practical experience of the authors in the preparation of construction organization projects (COP) and work production projects (WPP) indicate that the state of the issue regarding the completeness and quality of the development of these sections by the design organizations of the Samarkand region is not at the proper level. The reasons for this are some imperfections of certain provisions of the regulatory documents of the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as a number of other factors. The aim of the paper was to study the existing domestic and advanced foreign experience in order to develop appropriate proposals, recommendations and eliminate the existing shortcomings. The research consisted in comparing the provisions of regulatory documents of Uzbekistan and the Russian Federation, studying regulatory and legislative acts and decrees, instructional letters, scientific publications on organizational and technological design, studying the opinions of experts. Methods of comparative analysis, expert assessments, etc. were used. Based on the research results, a package of proposals was drawn up for adjusting and supplementing the provisions of the regulatory documents of Uzbekistan, which were presented in a number of the largest design and construction organizations, as well as the Engineering Company, where they found understanding, approval and support. The noted proposals have been submitted to the relevant authorities for consideration, and their practical implementation will contribute to an increase in the quality level of the developed project documentation, and, ultimately, to the practical implementation of construction projects in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the research and practical use of petroleum bitumens and bitumen-based modified binders in road construction in Russia compared to the advanced global research. It is shown that unmodified petroleum bitumens are used in the construction and repair of regional and local roads in Russia. Moreover, in Russia, oxidized bitumens are widely used, the quality of which is significantly inferior to the residual bitumens accepted for use in developed countries. The materials used for bitumen modification in Russia and abroad are considered, the most widely used thermoelastoplasts, thermoplastics, and natural and synthetic rubbers including. The issues of using sulfur and its derivatives as cross-linking agents are discussed. Reactive substances, as well as the functionalization of the modifiers themselves, i.e., the directed use of functional groups that provide missing bonds in the interaction are covered. The studies on nanoscale effect in the interaction of bitumen components with natural or synthesized nanomaterials are presented. Currently, an increasing number of researchers, both in Russia and abroad, are trying to find ways to improve the quality characteristics of modified bitumens using waste, while solving both environmental and economic problems. Although there has been marked progress in such developments, they are still difficult to compete with specially designed and manufactured modifiers. This progress is evident in the use of so-called hybrid or mixed modifiers, the components of which are selected for improving specific properties. There is considerable interest in the use of crumb rubber from worn-out tires as a potentially suitable component for making bitumen elastic and reducing the brittleness temperature. In Russia, there are noteworthy developments in this area that have been industrially tested. An interesting method is the high-temperature shear grinding of rubber crumbs on ultra-high-pressure devices, at which the specific surface area of the particles is disproportionately large, compared to the known methods. This provides an accelerated interaction of particles with bitumen forming mesh structures at the dry method of introducing crumb directly into bitumen-concrete mixture. The paper describes the main types of equipment for bitumen modification. Currently, the road industry in Russia is undergoing a conceptual transition to the new generation of standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes more important stages of introducing nonlinear soil model into design practice in Russia. Results of laboratory and in-situ verification studies are analyzed. Some examples of objects which geotechnical parts were designed using a physically and geometrically nonlinear soil model are given and discussed. Since the soil is a natural media, the values of its mechanical characteristics (parameters) should be determined from in-situ static tests, for example, using pressuremeter devices, that allows to ensure the necessary accuracy in about 25% of the design geotechnical output data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ESG concept in the modern world redefines the investment environment and stimulates the growth of investment strategies that meet the criteria of environmental, social and sustainable management. The real estate and construction sector has the potential to link the implementation of sustainable development initiatives with an increase in investment returns. The environment component of ESG has become a key focus in recent years, but for the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals, a comprehensive assessment and consideration of all parameters is necessary. According to the authors, the application of ESG principles for complex low-rise buildings, as well as the emergence of a methodology for assessing the compliance of projects with ESG criteria, will increase their competitiveness and serve as an accelerator for the development of the entire low-rise construction industry. Currently, there are already methods for evaluating investment and construction projects of low-rise housing construction, but they allow us to evaluate only individual components of ESG. To assess the compliance of existing methods of certification of projects of complex low-rise buildings with ESG criteria, this paper considers the LEED BD+C for Homes and Multifamily Lowrise, BREEAM, WELL Building Standard, Ecovillage certifications and the methodology for calculating the urban environment quality index approved by the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation. The authors propose criteria for evaluating Environment, Social, Government components for low-rise development projects, and also present a methodology for determining the integral ESG indicator of low-rise construction projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper outlines the important impact of the introduction of voluntary environmental management in urban environments on environmental protection. An important role in the implementation of projects is played by innovations and tools for promoting innovative solutions that improve the ecological condition of growing areas of human activity. An analysis of the methods of processing and disposal of waste in the Russian Federation and in foreign countries was made. The problems of the waste recycling process are grouped. The methods of innovative implementations for solving environmental problems are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mine water entering catchment areas of underground kimberlite mines contains a significant amount of solid particles of various sizes, which explains frequent siltation of these mine workings, as well as intense hydroabrasive wear of operating pumping equipment, in particular impellers with sealing rings and hydraulic heel assembly. As you know, in the event of siltation, water collectors lose their initial storage capacity, and mechanical wear of the pumps is accelerated due to clogging of mesh filters of their receiving devices, as a result of which an emergency situation can arise up to partial flooding of the mining object. Thus, it can be seen that the reservoirs necessarily need to be periodically cleaned from settled mud-sludge slurry. The cleaning frequency of catchment areas of underground kimberlite mines in the Russian Federation is relatively small. Practice shows that in the conditions of underground kimberlite mines in the Russian Federation, the pumping equipment of water-drainage stations has too excessive pressure, which leads to unproductive financial costs of electricity consumption. This paper describes and scientifically substantiates a technical solution aimed at increasing the efficiency of drainage units of underground kimberlite mines in the Russian Federation, whose pumping equipment has excess pressure, through its utilization to combat mechanical impurities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article formulates the key problems in personnel policy field with reference to Russian enterprises of the textile industry. Summing up the results of the study made at St Petersburg enterprises, the conclusion is made on flexible forms of employment as one of the most effective personnel policy approaches. The paper highlights the fact that the key objective of personnel policy for the Russian enterprises for the coming years is creating teams of professionals capable of ensuring the company's strategic development. It has been demonstrated that for increased efficiency of personnel policy it's useful to apply flexible forms of employment to form highly-professional labour teams as well as use a comprehensive approach aimed at increasing efficiency of personnel selection and their further development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work was carried out at the Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin. The paper investigates the bismuth behavior when it is introduced into a metal melt in the solid round blanks form of a given size. To implement the experiments, we were used a high-temperature setup with an X-ray television observation system. The work developed a mathematical model of thermophysical processes during the introduction of cold spherical low-melting samples such as bismuth into a steel melt. The model takes into account the temperature dependences of heat capacity, density, and thermal conductivity in the solid and liquid states, as well as the sample size dependence of the density. The simulation showed that taking into account the temperature dependences of thermophysical characteristics has a very significant effect on the results. So, in comparison with the model with constant heat capacity, density and thermal conductivity, heating of a bismuth sample in a steel melt occur four times faster. Using the developed model, we have studied the sample size influence on the rate of their melting. In this work, a formula is obtained for an approximate estimate of the complete melting time of alloying elements, using the example of bismuth in steel. The obtained mathematical model can be applied to low-melting, easily oxidizing, and volatile elements. Comparative analysis of quality shows good comparability of experimental and calculated data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present day, Russia's Far North with its extreme conditions is characterized by intensive destruction of native vegetation and its replacement by secondary communities, presumably able to exist in anthropogenically disturbed habitats. Therefore, it is highly relevant to study the development of artificially created phytocenoses (biosystems), most particularly producers being the system's foundation. When vegetation cover is disturbed, heat exchange between soils and atmosphere increase, permafrost thawing and degradation accelerate. Thus, there is a strong need for a better understanding of permafrost distribution, temporal evolution of the ground thermal regime and the preserving role of vegetation cover in these regions. When producers are used to restore the vegetation cover, it is commonly assumed that soil stabilization improves soil microclimate and hydrothermal conditions and makes it more sustainable, which helps to reduce permafrost thawing. Studying the patterns of phytocenosis development after biological reclamation, is undoubtedly one of the most important approaches to scientifically credible restoration of phytocenosis in Russia's Far North. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper contains a brief historical review of the vortex effect’s development in the Soviet Union and modern Russia. The main goal of the paper is to remind the readers about classical scholars and to tell briefly about their advances in the vortex effect theory. A brief theoretical description of the vortex effect suggested by Russian scientists is given in the paper. Modern studies of the vortex effect are directed to its application in different fields of the industry and science, rather than to develop new theoretical foundations. Some practical examples of the vortex effect applications are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a method for monitoring the main parameters of underground oil pipelines, taking into account changes in soil foundations, mainly in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The section of the oil pipeline is considered in terms of monitoring heat engineering processes and their influence on the reliability of the system. The main results of calculations of the oil pipeline section are described; changes in soil foundations are modeled. As an example for the calculations, a multilayer pipe with polyurethane foam insulation and coating was used. It showed the best performance as a result of modeling in comparison with the design one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most important industries in the modern world is the petroleum industry, which provides fuel, lubricants and other refined products for all areas of human activities. The production of high-quality and safe petrochemical products is the first priority of all refineries worldwide. For a long time, the petroleum industry in Russia has been dependent on imported catalysts and their quality. The import substitution policy requires the development of home produced oil refining catalysts. The paper considers the problem of introducing new test methods for the production of new types of catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sunflower is the main oil crop in Russia. Broomrape (Orobanche cumana) is a parasitic plant, feeding on sunflower roots. The main method to control broomrape is a development of resistant varieties or hybrids. But broomrape constantly evolves and produces new strains. Breeders have to test all the material for resistance to broomrape every time to search for new resistance genes and to select resistant plants from segregating populations. The aim of our work is to evaluate sunflower lines and breeding material by the different testing techniques. The same set of sunflower lines was evaluated in the field, lisimeters, climatic chamber and by the simple laboratory equipment. Broomrape seeds used in all the experiments were collected in the farmer's fields of Krasnodar and Rostov regions of Russia. The field evaluation was certainly the most adequate, but the most expensive, with high risk of soil being contaminated by broomrape seeds and time-consuming also. Lisimeters are useful and have no risk. Climatic chambers and greenhouses are the most popular for testing among the breeders. We try to use also Petri dishes, paper test and small vegetation pods to screen the sunflower material as fast as possible. As a result the most resistant lines (L-2018-1-1 and L-2018-1-2) were recognized. Susceptibility of lines VK 789 and VK 934 B to the new strains of broomrape were proved. Individual plants from segregating populations (L-2018-1A x VK 920 and L-2018-1A x VK930) were identified for the future breeding. Similar results were obtained from all the methods of evaluations, so we recommend using the short laboratory test for screening and lisimetric or field method for the final evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the energy strategy until 2035 of the Russian Federation, obsolete generation facilities are replaced with new promising combined-cycle power units with higher energy efficiency indicators. The difficulties of operating combined-cycle power units, particularly gas turbine units, are primarily related to the working fluid preparation quality. This article discusses the elaborate practice of the air supplied to the compressor, including its cooling and filtration. The paper presents an engineering solution for the technical re-equipment of an integrated air purifier by installing panels for the air's evaporative cooling. The porous structure of the panel material also allows for air filtration. The article presents the dependence of the power of a gas turbine installation on the temperature of the outdoor air in the climatic conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan (Russia). The economic effect of introducing the proposed technology is calculated, which is associated with eliminating lost profits from the under-development of electric energy and the quality of preparation of the working fluid for a gas turbine installation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the importance of the development of the Russian agro-industrial sector, disclosing the export potential of the grain complex of the Russian Federation by improving the logistics infrastructure of the grain market, substantiates the need to create a multifunctional transport and logistics center, a logistics terminal / park (hub), which is a nodal multimodal center at the intersection of federal chains supplies, international trade flows on the example of the international airport "Gagarin" (Saratov). The paper gives an example of the structure of a large logistics center, the infrastructure of which is distinguished by the complexity and variety of facilities and includes not only warehouses, but also production facilities, cargo terminals for handling and temporary storage of goods, service facilities, repair shops for freight vehicles, railway or river cargo terminal, customs, container terminal complex and other elements necessary for the organization of uninterrupted cargo flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results of the analysis of the main trends in the development of the fortified and functional food market. The reasons for the development of alimentary diseases in the world and in Russia are considered. The trend of progressive spread of celiac disease is shown. Possible ways to prevent celiac disease are considered. The recipe for gluten-free breads with added nutritional value has been scientifically substantiated, in which gluten-free raw materials - quinoa and lentil flour are used as the main recipe ingredients, and oilseeds - as sources of essential fat-soluble components. Analysis of nutritional value and content of functional ingredients, as well as preclinical studies on laboratory animals have confirmed the high functional effectiveness of the new type of gluten-free product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article studies the topic of oil-containing wastes generated in oil production and refining and having a significant negative impact on the environment. The problem is that only a small amount of oil-containing wastes is currently processed with the help of technologies. To prevent environmental pollution and threats to public health, enterprises need to take measures to neutralize and reduce the hazard class of oily waste for oil storage facilities and distribution depots. The paper presents the case of terminal sludge collectors in Arkhangelsk, situated in the northern part of the Russian Federation. The authors give the rationale for reducing the hazard class of oil-containing wastes, slurry cards stored for long periods at the Arkhangelsk oil transshipment complex. A technology for lowering the hazardous class of oily waste is suggested. It includes several stages and implies the division of oil sludge into layers and splitting the treatment process into phases. The waste disposal treatment consists of dosage, heating, mixing of the solid phase of the waste with organic substances, preparation and heat treatment of mixtures. The application of the method allows for the neutralization and cure of oil-contaminated materials with optimal energy consumption and the use of domestic commercially available equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the issue of development of single-industry towns remains relevant. Due to their location and specialization, single-industry settlements are an integral part of the national and regional economies. The situation in many single-industry towns remains tense: there are no new jobs, ecological and tourist infrastructure facilities. In addition, it is necessary to diversify the economy of single-industry towns. Following Order of the President of the Russian Federation (O-1818 of 12.09.2019), the State Development Corporation of the External Economic Bank of Russia has developed a project aimed at the integrated development of Baikalsk. Since September 2020, the strategic master plan for Baikalsk, including for the former industrial site of the Baikal Pulp and Paper Mill, has been developed. As a joint project of the External Economic Bank of Russia, Irkutsk Region and Baikalsk municipality, the document has been developed by all participants in the urban development (residents, government, businesses), taking into account their opinions and interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the calculation of the fuel temperatures, the fuel clading, and the reactor building will be studied within a time of 300 seconds when fractures of 25,50, 75 and 100 square centimeters occur in both the hot feet and the cold feet, and a comparison between them for the VVER1000 reactor. Since a break in the steam line mainly leads to a loss in the coolant, a break of 100 square centimeters leads to the accident of losing the coolant to a huge break, [ 1 ] which is responsible for many serious nuclear accidents. Simulation results are analyzed to distinguish deviations from normal operating values. The failure of the containment system due to any of these deviations can be verified to foretell any opportunity of contamination seeping into the environment by the radioactive elements. As well as using the correct methods to switch off the reactor and bypass the problem, if any.It is assumed that a fracture occurred at the beginning of the operating time i.e. after 0 seconds. in this study, This was set up to take advantage of the PCTRAN program to obtain the maximum generation of simulation data for accident scenarios to predict fuel temperatures and clading and prevent melting from the watery - watery reactor VVER1000, which is a series of several designs of pressurized water type reactors. It was developed by the Soviet Union, and now Russia by 0KB Gidropress. The generated electrical capacity ranges between 300 thousand megawatts and 1700 thousand megawatts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable development based on economic, social and technological points of view is especially relevant in the construction industry. In different countries there are environmental standards for assessing objects. In Russia, this standard is called Green Zoom. The article considers the issue of applying sustainable architecture technologies that can be used in the construction of campuses. The technologies used in the design of the building and infrastructure are highlighted. As building technologies, the modular layout of the building, the use of green roofing are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the issue of finding the optimal configuration of gas distribution networks. The text of the article considers the issue of the technical condition of gas distribution networks in the Russian Federation today. The relevance of the construction of new gas pipelines and reconstruction of gas pipelines with expiring service life is substantiated. The decision on the most rational network configuration is proposed to be carried out using a search technique. The text provides the basic mathematical mechanisms of the algorithm of the iterative search technique. A criterion is considered that allows us to characterize the reliability of the gas distribution network over a calculated period of time. Finding the required configuration of the gas distribution network is a time-consuming task. The data and methods of scientific analysis used in the text of this work allow us to conclude about the effectiveness of taking different values of the iteration step when searching for the optimal solution for obtaining network configurations. The solution of configuration search issues is possible only with a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach, taking into account the problems of non-fields of gas distribution science, urban planning, regulatory documents regulating construction. The result of this is a conclusion about the required value of the intermediate iteration step for the algorithm of the iterative search technique. The results of this work can be used in design work in terms of gas distribution using pipelines made of various materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change is a problem that has been studied in many researches over the past four decades. The study of climate change is a task that can rightly be called interdisciplinary, because it includes not only modeling these changes, but also assessing the impact of forecast climate changes on all spheres of life within individual branches of knowledge. A significant task is to assess the impact of climate change on areas of great socio-economic and household importance, as well as making a significant contribution to the development of the country. One of these areas is hydraulic engineering construction. In particular, one of the promising directions is the assessment of the impact of climate change on the operation mode of port hydraulic structures. This area of research is in demand in various countries of the world that have maritime borders, including Russia. The presented article analyzes the main consequences of climate change, which may affect the operation of port hydraulic structures in the Arctic region of the Russian Federation and in particular the Barents Sea. Of all the variety of changeable factors, this article considers the rise in global sea level as one of the most distinctive indicators of observed climate change, which can potentially affect the reliability of sea port hydraulic structures during their life cycle. The non-linearity of the trend of sea level change, which has been observed until now, and the values characteristic of various scenarios in forecast modeling are shown. The main scenarios of climate change and their evolution with the development of climatology and the accumulation of empirical data are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article addresses the study of the influence of political, economic, social events taking place in the world in recent years, on the change in the structure of information scientific and educational resources, reflected on the websites of agricultural universities. The purpose is to build a digital tool that adequately responds to the new demands of society and business related to the pandemic and total sanctions. A formalized representation of the effectiveness of the performance of a triune role by information scientific and educational resources is considered: the digitalization of science itself, the educational role, and their transfer to the economy. Based on this formalization, the results of monitoring the websites of educational organizations are analyzed to determine the quality and volume of scientific and educational resources to develop a methodology for assessing the effectiveness of their use. The indicators included in the survey questionnaire were chosen to be like those used to survey the status and volumes of these resources in previous surveys, to analyze them and compare them in dynamics, both in quantitative and qualitative terms. The obtained estimates of the effectiveness of using of scientific and educational resources based on the developed methodology served as the basis for calculating the ratings of universities, which are compared with the ratings obtained on the basis of self-examination reports, which, in particular, determine the strict conditions for the action of measures to stimulate the publication effectiveness of educational organizations by regulatory authorities. bodies represented by the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia. Studies have shown a sharp decline in the quality and quantity of information scientific and educational resources for the period 2016-2021, which, firstly, manifested itself in a slight connection between the ratings presented, and secondly, showed the absence of any reaction of universities to the country's requests in the resources under consideration, thirdly, they highlighted the weak methodological role of the Russian Ministry of Education and Science in the digitalization of the scientific and educational space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital economy transforms traditional relations in the educational market. The article is devoted to the main results of the EdTech market in Russia in 2021 and the prospects for 2022. Revenue data of the largest Russian EdTech market players are presented. The main growth of the online education segment occurred in 2020 under the influence of the COVID pandemic. The market is divided into several segments: for preschoolers, schoolchildren, students and adults. Among most popular courses are IT training, languages, wellness & lifestyle. EdTech market in Russia will continue its development in 2022. The way of this development will largely depend on how market participants adapt to technological and economic changes. Among the key negative factors, sanctions pressure, threats to cybersecurity, and a decrease in effective demand are highlighted. The positive trends include import substitution, opportunities for the implementation of collaborative educational projects between state universities and the largest digital educational platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The processes of modernization of the political, economic, cultural, and other spheres have an impact on the formation of a new public consciousness. A field of broad agreement between various social and scientific forces in Russia is the need for a transition to new industrialization, increasing investment in human potential. Gender is the social relations between men and women, the distribution and recognition of the social roles of the sexes and their different reactions to the rules, conditions, views on life that operate in society (politics, economics, traditions, customs, culture, etc.). There is no person outside of society. Information technologies are actively used in all spheres of life of the population, where women take an active position in their study and use, not yielding to the stronger sex. The specificity of information technologies, first of all, covers the sphere of intellectual labor, the activity in which is informally assigned to a man. The situation of gender confrontation lies in the fact that a man and a woman are in different positions, especially in the regions of the Caucasus, which reinforces the cult of a man (androcentrism). Social national mechanisms cannot actually provide equal chances for women and men, even if the parties are legally equal. Technological processes contribute to the formation of a new type of thinking in society, overcoming gender barriers that imply equal status, equal opportunities for rights and freedoms for men and women. Informatization of society leads to a transformation in the labor market; non-standard forms of employment appear; new tendencies to self-development are formed; the motivational component in the development of new knowledge, skills, and abilities in labor activity increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fleet of centrifugal compressors for the gas industry of the Russian Federation consists of more than 5,000 machines with a unit power of up to 32,000 kW and a service lifetime of 30 years or more. In 1990-2000 polytechnic scientists were involved in the gas-dynamic design of compressors and replaceable flow paths of a new generation as part of the Ural-Gazprom program. Having their own engineering method of optimal design and calculation, the polytechnics solved the problem by creating with industrial partners several dozen compressors and replaceable flow paths (RFP). Their power was in a range 10,000-25,000 kW and an efficiency of 3-4% higher than all analogues. A new stage of modernization is relevant now. Scientists-polytechnics by this time have realized for industrial partners more than 50 projects of the new compressors and RFPs, and also have accumulated a previous experience. The mathematical models of the Universal Modeling Method have been significantly developed and improved during last 20 years. At the expense of the Center for National Technological Initiative of SPbPU, the test rig was built the ECC-55 experimental rig for testing the most responsible and innovative projects. CFD-optimization techniques have confirmed their effectiveness in relation to stator elements of the flow path. The optimization of stator elements of an intermediate type stage with a vaneless diffuser is given as one of an example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper assesses the functionality of tourist and recreational clusters according to five main indicators of the strategic development of domestic tourism. These indicators include: increasing the share of federal budget funds, providing new jobs, increasing tourist flow, establishing infrastructure facilities, and raising business funds. All indicators are presented in a single system to be easily compared, and the value of each indicator was taken into account in relation to the development prospects of the region. This analysis makes it possible to systematize the current situation and outline the development prospects of the cluster approach in tourism. The authors study the conceptual method of clustering. It is compared with cooperation and an institutional economic approach. The benefits and problems associated with this phenomenon are highlighted. The study results present a ranked list of the functional efficiency of tourist and recreational clusters in the regions of Russia, highlighting the first three leaders and summarizing the successful experience of these projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Boundary layer control on a surface streamlined by high-velocity gas flows is an important task in modern technology. There is a wide range of active and passive flow control methods used to reduce frictional drag, heat transfer, turbulization, mainly in incompressible turbulent boundary layers. The development of science and technology does not stand still, and in modern conditions, given the need to improve the efficiency of equipment, reduce energy consumption in production and fulfill a number of tasks to modernize the energy complex, set by the Ministry of Energy, in the draft energy strategy of Russia for the period up to 2030, it is necessary to develop new and efficient ways of managing the boundary layer to create efficient and resource-saving energy. The paper proposes a method for mathematical modeling of turbulent transfer on a damping surface. The method allows one to study the effect of the damping surface on the exchange processes occurring in the boundary layer in the range of Re numbers from 1 · 105 to 4 · 107. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]