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Professor Gennadiy V. Semenov has dedicated his career to freeze-drying technology since 1975, starting as an engineer in Russia and later leading advancements in the field. He has been instrumental in modernizing freeze-drying technologies, developing new equipment, and establishing freeze-drying enterprises in Russia. His current research interests include freeze-drying of food products, medicines, and dietary supplements, as well as collaboration with Chinese manufacturers and academic institutions. [Extracted from the article]

An outstanding surgeon and scientist, a talented teacher, one of the pioneers of world cardiac surgery, Honored Scientist of the RSFSR (1964), laureate of the USSR State Prize (1988), Colonel of the Medical Service, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Vasily Ivanovich Kolesov was born on September 24, 1904 in the village Martyanovskaya (now Ust-Kubinsky district) Vologda province. In 1931, he graduated from the 2nd Leningrad Medical Institute and worked as a therapist in the village of Chusovoy, Perm Region. From 1934 to 1938, he taught at the Department of Faculty Surgery of the Perm Medical Institute, where he prepared his Ph.D. thesis, which he defended at the Leningrad State Institute for Advanced Medical Training in 1938 and moved to Leningrad. In 1953–1955, V. I. Kolesov headed the Department of General Surgery, and in 1955–1976 – Department and Clinic of Faculty Surgery of the 1st Leningrad Medical Institute named after Academician I. P. Pavlov. On February 25, 1964, for the first time in the world, Vasily Ivanovich sewed the distal end of the transected mammary artery into the end of the circumflex artery of the heart in a seriously ill man without coronary artery perfusion. At the end of the 1960s, V. I. Kolesov began performing anastomoses using the ASC-4 vascular stapling device, as well as devices designed by his son, E. V. Kolesov (ASC-UV and ASC-VAK), which significantly reduced the time of formation of a vascular anastomosis on a beating heart. On February 5, 1968, V. I. Kolesov for the first time operated on a patient 7 hours after her ECG registered myocardial infarction, and on May 17 of the same year, he restored the blood supply to the heart of a patient with unstable angina, proving for the first time in the world the possibility of surgically preventing the development of myocardial infarction. V. I. Kolesov published about 200 scientific papers, including 8 monographs on general, thoracic and cardiac surgery. Vasily Ivanovich and Evgeny Vasilyevich Kolesov were the authors of more than ten global and domestic priorities. V. I. Kolesov was awarded two Orders of the Patriotic War, I and II degrees, the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, medals «For the Defense of Leningrad», «For Military Merit», «For Victory over Germany», as well as many honorary insignia. Professor Vasily Ivanovich Kolesov died on August 2, 1992 and was buried at the Bogoslovskoye cemetery in Saint Petersburg.

The article presents the results of studying the possibilities of an ecosystem approach to career planning by students at the State University of Management (hereinafter referred to as SUM). At first, the gap between the level of practical training of graduates of Russian universities and the requirements of employers has been actualised. Then, the need for joint efforts of all interested labour market participants to create conditions for students’ conscious planning of career growth at all stages of education is emphasised. The experience of intra-university cooperation using the STC (student team consulting) method between the marketing department and practical training department in 2022–2023 has showed that solving this problem involves integrating, on an ecosystem basis, activities for the study of professional academic disciplines, project-based learning, practical training, and employment. As an experiment, 6 student consulting teams have solved a set of interrelated tasks, including the creation and ongoing maintenance of the Career Centre page in the VK social network, advertising campaigns and interviews at “Career Day in Transport and Logistics”, surveys on the employment of graduates and assessment of student satisfaction with practical training, analytical review of the labour market in Russia in 2020–2023 with a report at the All-Russian scientific and practical conference, examination of 5 ideas for marketing research projects in the field of career planning by students of the SUM with testing in social networks and assessments of the influence of actors in its ecosystem. In conclusion, based on the results of the research, the directions for the ecosystem approach to career planning by students at the SUM are formulated.

An outstanding anatomist and surgeon, scientist and teacher, talented artist, Privy Councilor, Honored Professor and Academician of the Imperial Medical-Surgical Academy, Honorary Member of the Medical Council of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Academician of the Imperial Academy of Arts, Doctor of Medicine and Surgery, Professor Ilya Vasilyevich Buyalsky was born on July 26 (August 6, new style), 1789 in the village of Vorobyovka, Novgorod-Seversky district, Chernigov province, in a family of noble origin. After graduating from the Imperial Medical-Surgical Academy in 1814, I. V. Buyalsky received the position of prosector at the Department of Anatomy under the direction of Professor P. A. Zagorsky. In 1817, he was appointed associate Professor of Anatomy. In 1823, he presented a treatise «Some Circumstances Determining the Pathology and Therapy of Aneurysms» at the Academy conference and, after a public defense, he was awarded the academic degree of Doctor of Medicine. At the same time, the detailed description and corresponding report at the conference on 210 complex surgical interventions he performed served as the basis for receiving the degree of Doctor of Surgery. In 1825, I. V. Buyalsky was elected extraordinary, and in 1831, ordinary Professor of the department of Anatomy of the Imperial Medical-Surgical Academy (he headed the department from 1833 to 1844) and consultant of the Mariinsky Hospital (1831–1864). From 1833, he served as surgeon of the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, and from 1835 – chief doctor of all cadet corps. Since 1829, I. V. Buyalsky was the head of the St. Petersburg Surgical Instrumental Plant, which produced various instruments for doctors. In 1828, I. V. Buyalsky published an outstanding work «Anatomical and surgical tables explaining the operations of ligation of large arteries», which became the first domestic atlas on topographic anatomy and operative surgery, combining educational and practical manuals. Later, two more volumes of the atlas were published, devoted to other topics of topographic anatomy and surgery (1835 and 1852). I. V. Buyalsky stood at the origins of teaching plastic anatomy in our country. Having a natural inclination towards fine arts, Ilya Vasilyevich became a Professor of Anatomy at the Imperial Academy of Arts in 1831, and in 1842, he was the first Russian physician to be elected its Academician. In 1837, he published a lithographic manual «Anatomy for Painters and Sculptors». I. V. Buyalsky is one of the founders of forensic medicine. Professor Ilya Vasilyevich Buyalsky died on December 8 (20 according to the new style), 1866 and was buried at the Bolsheohtinskoe Cemetery in St. Petersburg.

Outstanding maxillofacial surgeon, scientist and teacher, one of the founders of the Russian dentistry and creator of the first large school of Soviet maxillofacial surgeons and dentists, corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences (1945), laureate of the USSR State (Stalin) Prize (1948), honored Scientist of the RSFSR (1963), Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Alexander Aleksandrovich Limberg was born on January 24 (February 6), 1894 in the family of the Limberg medical dynasty, famous in St. Petersburg – leading specialists in the field of dentistry and maxillofacial surgery. In 1916, A.A. Limberg graduated from the Vongle Dental School, and in 1919 – the Military Medical Academy and began to specialize in the field of maxillofacial surgery. In 1924, he was approved as head of the Department of Odontology (until 1936) of the State Institute of Medical Knowledge (2nd Leningrad Medical Institute (1930), Leningrad Sanitary and Hygienic Medical Institute (1947), since 1994 – St. Petersburg State Medical Academy named after I.I. Mechnikov). In January 1935, A. A. Limberg headed the first organized Department of Maxillofacial Surgery at the Leningrad Institute of Advanced Medical Training and directed it until the end of his life. From 1943 to 1945, he was the Professor at the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery at the Leningrad Pediatric Medical Institute, and from 1946 to 1956, he headed the Department of Surgical Dentistry at the Leningrad Medical Dental Institute. The name A. A. Limberg is closely connected with the organization and development of dentistry and maxillofacial surgery not only in Leningrad, but also in other regions of the USSR, in which, on the initiative of Alexander Alexandrovich, specialized departments and clinics were formed in medical institutes, as well as departments of maxillofacial surgery in regional hospitals. A. A. Limberg was the author and co-author of 150 scientific works, including 4 monographs, 2 textbooks on surgical dentistry, and individual chapters in 10 manuals. Under his leadership, 36 candidate and 9 doctoral dissertations were prepared. Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, Professor A. A. Limberg died in December 1974 and was buried in Leningrad at the Bolsheokhtinskoye cemetery. The name of A. A. Limberg was assigned to the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Surgical Dentistry of the North-Western State Medical University (now St. Petersburg State Medical Academy) named after. I. I. Mechnikov in St. Petersburg.

A prominent Soviet surgeon, a well-known specialist in the field of topographic anatomy, operative and military surgery, a talented scientist and teacher, academician (1963) and vice-president (1966) of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, honored scientist of the RSFSR (1965), laureate of the USSR State Prize, Rector of the 1st MMI named after I. M. Sechenov (1956–1966), Professor Vladimir Vasilievich Kovanov was born on March 13 (February 28, old style) 1909 in St. Petersburg into a working-class family. In 1931, V. V. Kovanov graduated from the 1st Moscow Medical Institute and continued his postgraduate studies at the Department of Pathological Anatomy under the guidance of Professor A. I. Abrikosova. For medical reasons, he changed his specialization and moved to the Department of Surgery, headed by Academician N. N. Burdenko. During the Great Patriotic War, he worked as a surgeon in a triage hospital in Yaroslavl, in an evacuation hospital in Kazan, then served as the head of the surgical department of the field mobile hospital of the 5th shock army, the chief surgeon of the 44th army and the chief surgeon of the 28th army, in whose ranks he reached to Berlin with the rank of lieutenant colonel in the medical service.In 1946, V. V. Kovanov defended his doctoral dissertation and in 1947, took the position of head of the department of operative surgery and topographic anatomy of the 1st Moscow Medical Institute named after I. M. Sechenov (1947–1988), from 1956 to 1966, was the rector of this institute, since 1988 – consulting professor. Vladimir Vasilievich was the author and co-author of more than 130 scientific works, including 7 monographs and manuals. His main works were devoted to the treatment of chest wounds, anaerobic infection, traumatic shock, the organization of surgical work in the military area, the anatomy of fascia and cellular spaces, surgery of the heart and blood vessels, organ and tissue transplantation.V. Kovanov was awarded two Orders of Lenin, the Order of the Red Star, the Order of the Red Banner, two Orders of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree, two Orders of the Patriotic War of the 2nd degree, the Order of the October Revolution, the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, six medals, and many badges of honor. Academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences V. V. Kovanov died on February 22, 1994 in Moscow and was buried at the Troekurovskoye cemetery.

Purpose of the study. To determine the influence of prognostic factors on survival rates in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) aged ≥ 75 years.Materials and methods. A retrospective study included 77 mRCC patients aged ≥ 75 years who received systemic therapy at the Municipal Oncologic Hospital No. 62 in Moscow and the Municipal Oncologic Dispensary in St. Petersburg from 2006 to 2019. Clinical data from medical records were obtained and analyzed retrospectively, all patients underwent clinical, laboratory, and pathomorphological examination. Patients' survival rates were evaluated using the statistical method of survival time analysis (Survival Analysis). Descriptive characteristics of survival time were calculated in the form of life tables, and Kaplan-Meier curves were constructed.Results. In the present study, a favorable prognosis according to International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium (IMDC)was noted in 20.8 % of patients with mRCC aged ≥ 75 years; 6.5 % had solitary metastases. The 3- and 5-year survival rates were 35.8 % and 21.2 %.In single-factor analysis in mRCC patients ≥ 75 years of age, it was found that ECOG status (p < 0.001), histological subtype (p = 0,01), Fuhrman grade of tumour differentiation (p = 0.003), type of metastases (p = 0.045), liver metastases (p < 0.001), IMDC prognosis (p = 0.042) and nephrectomy (p = 0.014).Conclusion. In a multivariate analysis, factors affecting survival in patients with mRCC aged ≥ 75 years included sex, histologic subtype, number of metastases, bone and lymph node metastases, IMDC prognosis, and radiation therapy and nephrectomy. Further studies are needed to identify additional personalized prognostic factors in elderly patients with mRCC.

Introduction. The traditional surveillance system for influenza and ARVI provides a general description of epidemics, but does not provide information on the age-related characteristics of the etiology and clinical peculiarities of severe acute respiratory diseases (SARI) in hospitalized patients. Aim. To monitor the etiology of SARI in hospitalized children and adults, assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on this process. Materials and methods. Standardized clinical and laboratory monitoring of SARI among 18,458 hospitalized patients was carried out in hospitals in three cities of Russia with weekly PCR detection of 11 types of pathogens. Results. According to the investigation of hospitalized patients with SARI for the period from 2018 to 2023, the viral etiology of respiratory diseases was deciphered in 58.3% of cases. Weekly monitoring showed a change in the etiological mosaic of SARI pathogens during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic with a sharp decrease in the frequency of detection of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) during the 2020–2021 season against the background of a significant increase of metapneumovirus and rhinovirus infections in children. During the 2022-2023 season an increase in the proportion of RSV infection in children under 6 years of age (up to 36.2%) was noted against the background of a significant decrease in the frequency of SARS-CoV-2. In the intensive care units (ICU), RSV infection was most often in children during the post-pandemic period (up to 30.1–53.6% of positive cases, p 0.001); in adults, SARS-CoV-2 was mostly detected (76,5–100% of cases, p 0.001). Conclusion. Hospital surveillance data significantly complements the epidemiological information obtained in the traditional surveillance system. Monitoring of infections has shown a continuously changing etiological infrastructure of SARI, with the disappearance of influenza and RSV during the COVID-19 pandemic and their return to circulation in the post-pandemic period.

The first search for the lepton number violating decay K+→π0π−μ+e+ and lepton flavour violating decays K+→π0π+μ−e+, K+→π0π+μ+e− has been performed using a dataset collected by the NA62 experiment at CERN in 2016–2018. Upper limits of 2.9×10−10, 3.1×10−10 and 5.0×10−10, respectively, are obtained at 90% CL for the branching ratios of the three decays on the assumption of uniform phase-space distributions.

Penetrating abdominal wounds occupy a significant place in the structure of gunshot injuries in peacetime and war. They are usually characterized by extensive multiorgan damage with the development of peritonitis, the course of which largely determines the outcome of treatment. Therefore, the main task in providing specialized surgical care for victims with gunshot abdominal wounds is to relieve peritonitis in order to prevent the generalization of the septic process. One of the modern trends in solving this problem is vacuum-assisted laparostomy. However, data on its use are presented in rare publications and are usually based on small samples of patients with secondary peritonitis. At the same time, we did not find any information in the available sources about the effectiveness of the most promising modification of this technique – vacuum-instillation laparostomy for gunshot abdominal wounds. This article demonstrates the first experience of the successful use of vacuum-instillation laparostomy in a patient with gunshot abdominal wound complicated by abdominal sepsis. The obtained results indicate the high potential of using this technique in this difficult category of patients.

Outstanding orthopedic surgeon, scientist, teacher and public figure, founder of Russian orthopedics and creator of the largest orthopedic school, organizer and head of the first department and clinic of orthopedics in Russia at the Military Medical Academy, founder of the first Society of Orthopedic Surgeons (1926), actual state councilor , Honored Scientist of the RSFSR (1927), professor (1895) Henry Ivanovich Turner was born in St. Petersburg on September 29, 1858 in a family of British subjects. In 1881, he graduated from the Imperial Military Medical Academy with a doctor’s diploma with honors. In 1892, he defended his doctoral dissertation “On the anatomy of the cecum and vermiform appendix in relation to the pathology of perityphlitis”. In 1895, H. I. Turner was appointed extraordinary professor, and in 1900, he was elected ordinary professor of the department of desmurgy and mechanurgy of the Military Medical Academy. At his request in 1900, the department was transformed into the first department of orthopedics in Russia with a clinical hospital under the leadership of Henry Ivanovich. He took an active part in educational work among the population on the prevention of diseases and injuries and in practical training in first aid techniques for victims. He made a huge contribution to organizing the provision of orthopedic and social assistance to disabled children. As the director of an orthopedic clinic, he performed free operations on children with congenital and acquired pathologies of the musculoskeletal system. H. I. Turner published more than 179 scientific papers on orthopedics and traumatology and actually laid the foundations of a new medical specialty in Russia. Henry Ivanovich was an honorary member of the Pirogov Surgical Society in St. Petersburg and Leningrad, Moscow and other surgical societies, an honorary member of the American and British Orthopedic Associations, a corresponding member of the American Academy of Surgeons, and a member of the International Society for Aid to Crippled Children. Professor H.I. Turner died on July 20, 1941 and was buried in Leningrad at the Bolsheokhtinsky cemetery. Currently, the department and clinic of military traumatology and orthopedics of the S. M. Kirov Military Medical Academy and the National Medical Research Center for Pediatric Traumatology and Orthopedics in St. Petersburg bear the name of H. I. Turner.

The effective functioning of modern production systems is impossible without using of methods for processing and analyzing data continuously generated during operation. Limitations imposed on the speed and precision of determining the required indicators lead to the need of optimizing the algorithms used. Multisensor systems, as a rule, have an excessive number of cross-sensitive sensors, and their signals can be used to determine various indicators of a similar physical nature. The purpose of the study is to improve the algorithm for processing multidimensional data from multisensor systems. Principal component analysis was applied as part of the developed algorithm for the formation of informative features. Partial least squares regression was used to build regression models. The data set for approbation of proposed approach was obtained through potentiometric measurements using a digital mV-meter. An experiment is described using a multisensor system called “electronic tongue”, consisting of 12 cross-sensitive potentiometric sensors. In the experiment, real samples of vegetable oils acted as analyzed objects. Regression models were built to determine three quality indicators of vegetable oils: peroxide value, para-anisidine value and total tocopherol concentrations. The results of the study were compared with known scientific works. A comparative analysis allowed us to conclude that using of the most informative sources selected according to the proposed algorithm can significantly reduce the root mean square error of prediction. The results obtained can be used both in systems for identifying deviations in production processes in “Industry 4.0” enterprises, and for expressly identifying counterfeit products.

The incidence of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is 4–5 cases per 100,000 population per year, and the prevalence is about 20–50 cases per 100,000 population. According to the modern classification, the following types of TN are distinguished: classical, symptomatic and idiopathic. The cause of classical TN is a neurovascular conflict, of symptomatic TN – neoplasms in the petroclival area, vascular anomalies, multiple sclerosis, etc. In the absence of a reliable etiological factor, TN is considered idiopathic. TN pathogenesis remains one of the most challenging topics in neuroscience. Today, there are many theories and hypotheses regarding the peripheral and central mechanisms of trigeminal neuralgia. The most popular theory is the neurovascular conflict that occurs between the trigeminal nerve and the cerebral vessels, but this theory is not the only one. It is known that even after microvascular decompression, patients may continue to experience facial pain. Therefore, other pathogenetic mechanisms are discussed: short circuit theory, multineuronal mechanism, allergic and immune hypothesis, gate theory, bioresonance hypothesis, trigeminal convergence projection theory, “ignition” hypothesis and ion channel pathology. TN is a clinical diagnosis, and its establishing requires certain criteria proposed by the International Headache Society. Using instrumental research methods, namely magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, is necessary for the differential diagnosis of classical and symptomatic TN, and imaging results should always be interpreted in combination with clinical data to make correct decisions on further treatment tactics.

Outstanding Soviet surgeon, scientist, teacher, health care organizer and public figure, founder of the largest scien tific and practical school of surgeons, Minister of Health of the USSR (1965–1980), Hero of Socialist Labor (1968), academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences (1966) and the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences (1957) (RAS and RAMS since 1991), laureate of the Lenin Prize (1960) and the State Prize of the USSR (1971), Honored Scientist of the RSFSR (1957), Professor Boris Vasilyevich Petrovsky was born on June 14 (27 according to the new style), 1908 in the CITy of Essentuki in the family of a doctor. In 1926, he entered the medical faculty of Moscow State University, in 1930, he received a medical diploma and worked as a surgeon in a regional hospital in the Moscow region, and in 1932, he was appointed to the position of the researcher at the Moscow Oncology Institute under the leadership of Professor P.A. Herzen. During the Soviet-Finnish and the Great Patriotic Wars, he served as a surgeon in various hospitals. In 1947, he defended his doctoral dissertation «Surgical treatment of gunshot wounds of blood vessels at the front line». In 1951, B. V. Petrovsky was elected the head of the department of faculty surgery of the pediatric faculty of the 2nd MMI named after N. I. Pirogov, and in 1956 – the head of the department of hospital surgery of the 1st MMI named after I. M. Sechenov. In 1963, the All-Union Scientific center for Surgery of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences was created in Moscow, the organizer and director of which (1963–1988) was Boris Vasilievich (since 1989 – honorary director of the All-Union Scientific center for Surgery). At the same time, from 1965 to 1980, he headed the USSR Ministry of Health. Academician B. V. Petrovsky created the largest scientific and practical surgical school in the history of our country, which included more than 150 doctors of medical sciences. He was the author and co-author of about 700 scientific papers, including 45 monographs and manuals devoted to vari ous problems of cardiovascular, thoracic, abdominal, and military field surgery. Boris Vasilievich was the member of 34 international societies, associations, academies and colleges, as well as the honorary member of 14 foreign surgical societies. Academician B. V. Petrovsky died on May 4, 2004 and was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow.

Outstanding pediatric surgeon, scientist, teacher and health care organizer, founder of a large school of pediatric surgeons, Honored Scientist of the RSFSR (1973), academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences (1975) and the Russian Academy of Sciences (2013), vice-president of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (1989–2001), laureate of two State USSR Prizes (1979, 1985) and the State Prize of the Russian Federation (1999), Chief Pediatric Surgeon of the USSR Ministry of Health (1966–1981) and the Russian Ministry of Health (1992–2005), Deputy Minister of Health of the USSR (1981–1987), Professor Yuri Fedorovich Isakov was born on June28, 1923 in Kovrov, Vladimir region. In 1966, he was elected head of the department of surgical diseases of childhood at the 2nd Moscow Medical Institute named after N. I. Pirogov and led it for 40 years. The surgical and scientific activities of Yuri Fedorovich were distinguished by a very wide range of areas. On the problems of thoracic surgery, extensive experience has been accumulated in the treatment of children with diseases and malformations of the neck, chest, lungs, mediastinum, and esophagus. Many diverse research works have been carried out on topical issues of abdominal surgery. Yu. F. Isakov made a very large contribution to the development of endovideosurgery in children. The clinic became one of the first in the country to create a specialized endovideosurgical service. Under the leadership of Yuri Fedorovich and with his direct participation, pediatric nephrurology and vascular surgery quickly developed, scientific research was conducted on topical issues of combined trauma of the musculoskeletal system, an anesthesiology, resuscitation and intensive care service was organized in the clinic, fundamental research was carried out on the problem of pain management in children surgery. Yu. F. Isakov was the author and co-author of more than 500 scientific works, including 23 monographs and manuals, 7 textbooks and teaching aids. At the department headed by Yuri Fedorovich, 390 dissertations were defended, including 67 doctoral dissertations. Academician Yuri Fedorovich Isakov died on August 4, 2016 and was buried at the Troekurovskoye cemetery in Moscow.

INTRODUCTION. The relevance of treating patients with hernias of the anterior abdominal wall is beyond doubt, since the incidence of the disease is on average 5 people per 1000, and hernioplasty itself is one of the most common operations in a general surgical hospital. However, the relapse rate remains quite high. There remains a debate about the choice of surgical option; the issues of prevention and treatment of pain syndrome, as well as tactics for managing patients with a complicated postoperative period, remain unresolved.The OBJECTIVE was to evaluate the effectiveness of the modern concept of treating patients with ventral hernias and to substantiate the principles for choosing a hernioplasty technique.METHODS AND MATERIALS. The study is based on the results of treatment of 1938 patients operated on at the Faculty Surgery Clinic named after S.P. Fedorov Military Medical Academy in the period from 2015 to 2022. Both open and endovideosurgical options for surgical interventions were performed for isolated umbilical hernias or in combination with diastasis of the rectus muscles, hernias of the white line of the abdomen, inguinal and postoperative hernias, including reduction of the volume of the abdominal cavity.RESULTS. During the study, an algorithm for the treatment of patients with ventral hernias was developed, various options for perioperative pain relief were proposed, and the tactics for treating infectious and purulent complications were substantiated.CONCLUSION. A specialized surgical hospital must perform all possible options for both traditional and endovideosurgical hernioplasty, use innovative options for pain relief in the perioperative period, and apply modern methods for diagnosing and treating postoperative complications in order to provide personalized medical care.

Production of freeze-dried juice semi-finished products is a promising direction in the technology of processing blueberries. This direction allows complex problem solving regarding seasonality of berry processing with optimization of logistics costs, extension of the geography of sources of raw material supply while preserving high sensory properties of a freeze-dried product. The main advantages of such a product are characteristics determining properties of fresh berries, including taste, color, aroma, nutritional and biological value. The aim of the study was the development of technological solutions to produce freeze-dried blueberry juice from enzymatically processed blueberry pulp, as well as determination of its biochemical characteristics. Chemical (titrimetric and gravimetric) methods and modern physico-chemical methods (HPLC, atomic absorption spectrometry, potentiometric and spectrophotometric methods) were used in the work. As a result of the performed investigations, parameters have been determined for the process of freeze-drying of native blueberry juice: freeze-drying temperature of –23 ±2 °С and pressure of 70–80 Pa, secondary drying at a temperature of 38–40 °С. Duration of the freeze-drying process was 16 hours until reaching the final moisture of 4%. It is shown that freeze-dried juice preserves all quality attributes of the native juice: taste, color and aroma. The native and freeze-dried blueberry juice was characterized by the chemical composition. The profile of flavonoids, anthocyans, phenolic and organic acids, composition of sugars, vitamins and minerals were studied. It has been established that the chosen parameters of freeze-drying ensure preservation of biologically active and minor substances at a level of no less than 77% of the initial content in the native juice. High preservation was demonstrated for quercetin and resveratrol. Losses were 9.6% for epicatechin, 13.7–23.0% for phenolic acids, and 14–22% for vitamins. As a result of juice processing by freeze-drying, an increase was noticed for the content of delphinidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-arabinoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside by 20–35%. The proportion of cyanidin-3-galactoside + delphinidin-3-arabinoside decreased by 65% and that of delphinidin-3-galactoside by 2.85 times. A decrease in the content of macro-elements (up to 6.0%) was established in the freeze-dried juice; more noticeable losses were recorded for micro-elements (up to 14.8%). The results obtained show prospects of using the technology and chosen regimes of freeze-drying in production of freezedried blueberry juice. This technology combines a possibility of producing a manufacturable berry ingredient with maximum preservation of natural biologically active and minor components of berries for using in products of healthy nutrition.

The summarized data on the content of organic carbon (Corg) in the subtypes of gray forest soils occurring on the territory of Russia was presented. It was shown that the humus horizons of virgin light-gray, typical-gray, and dark-gray forest soils contain, on average, 2.16 ± 0.67, 2.42 ± 0.61, and 3.58 ± 0.95% Сorg, respectively, while the plowing layers of arable soils contain 1.36 ± 0.40, 1.71 ± 0.40, and 2.84 ± 0.86%, respectively. Structural (particulate organic matter 0.05–2 mm in size, CPOM, and mineral-associated organic matter

Relevance. Prisoners have a high risk of contracting hemocontact viral infections (including HIV, viral hepatitis B and C, etc.), which creates an additional infectious burden on the entire population living in the territory. Aims. To study the level of immune protection to viral hepatitis B in risk groups (age, HIV status, and injection drug use) of persons held in places of detention to identify those in need of vaccine prophylaxis. Materials & Methods. 343 blood serum samples obtained in 2021 from males with negative HBsAg status were studied. Anti-HBs antibodies to HBsAg were determined using a set of reagents “VectoHBsAg-antibodies” (Vector-Best, Russia). Results and discussion. The protective titer of anti-HBs antibodies was detected in 44.0% (n = 151) of cases, and was absent in 56.0% of the subjects. At the same time, anti-HBs was significantly more often detected in people living with HIV/AIDS (p = 0.038), injecting drug users (p = 0.002), as well as young people born after 1984 (p = 0.019). Conclusion. The lack of a significant level of collective immunity among prisoners, primarily the older age group before 1984, their risky behaviors (sexual, injection) indicate the need for active identification of seronegative persons serving sentences in places of detention and specific immunoprophylaxis.

Cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) and metastasectomy are justified in patients with oligometastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Objective: to evaluate the impact of cytoreductive surgery on survival rates in patients with oligometastatic RCС. Material and Methods. We retrospectively analyzed the data of 342 patients with oligometastatic RCC, who underwent systemic therapy and different types of cytoreductive surgeries at the Municipal Oncology Hospital No. 62 in Moscow and the Municipal Oncoloy Center in Saint Petersburg from 2006 to 2022. Cytoreductive nephrectomy was performed in 332 (97.1 %) patients, metastasectomy in 103 (30.1 %) patients. The survival rates of patients in treatment groups were evaluated using the Survival Analysis by calculating descriptive characteristics of survival time by means of a life-table and Kaplan–Meier curves. The results were considered statistically significant at p

Background. Due to the wide coverage with antiretroviral therapy, the life expectancy of HIV infected people has significantly increased. Against the background of a decrease in mortality from HIV infection, HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders, which develop even during effective treatment, are of high importance. The overall prevalence of this pathology among HIV-infected people reaches 42.6%. The objective of the study was to research the genetic features and phylogenetic position of HIV-1 persisting in the central nervous system. Materials and methods. The clinical study group consisted of 38 patients with severe neurocognitive disorders against the background of HIV infection in stage 4B. The viral load of HIV-1 in blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was measured using the "AmpliSens HIV Monitor-FRT" reagents kit. Sanger sequencing was performed using the AmpliSens HIV-Resist-Seq assay kit on an Applied Biosystems 3500 analyzer. Phylogenetic analysis of the pol gene fragments of HIV-1 strains (the site encoding the viral protease and part of the reverse transcriptase) was carried out using maximum likelihood method with the GTR+G nucleotide substitution model. Comparisons of the tertiary structure of viral proteins were performed according to three-dimensional models of the protease and p51 and p66 reverse transcriptase subunits obtained by homologous reconstruction using the SWISS-MODEL tools. Results. The viral load in the sample of patients with severe CNS lesions in blood plasma was 6.27 times higher than in CSF and amounted to 4.67 and 3.87 lg copies/ml respectively by median (p = 0,004). Phylogenetic analysis with the use of all available HIV-1 genomes from GenBank, which differed from the studied ones by less than 5% showed close genetic relations of viruses circulating in Chelyabinsk region, apart from strains circulating in Russian Federation, with viruses circulating in neighboring countries, in most abundance — from Ukraine and Kyrgyzstan, slightly less — from Belarus, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan and Armenia and also with strains from certain foreign countries: Poland and Germany. Phylogenetic analysis of 38 HIV-1 genomes revealed significant genetic distances between HIV isolates from blood plasma and CSF in 5 patients, 4 of whom were PWID, which may indicate an event of superinfection. The amount of independent amino acid substitutions in protease in isolates from blood plasma ranged from 1 to 3, in isolates from CSF — from 1 to 2. An amount of such substitutions in a fragment of reverse transcriptase in isolates from blood plasma ranged from 1 to 6, while in isolates from CSF, it ranged from 1 to 7. HIV isolates from blood plasma and CSF from 5 patients had differences in the tertiary structure of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase p51 subunit in amino acid positions 16–20 and 210–235. Isolates from 3 other patients differed in the tertiary structure only in amino acid positons 210–235. Isolates from 3 patients differed in the structure of HIV-1 RT p66 subunit in a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor binding pocket (NNRTI) region. Fixed differences in the tertiary structure of p51 subunit required at minimum only 1 amino acid substitution to emerge. Alterations in the tertiary structure of p66 subunit required at least 3 amino acid substitutions. Conclusion. Microevolution of HIV-1 proceeds in parallel within the same patient, in different compartments, which is reflected in the accumulation of amino acid substitutions different from another compartment in the conserved pol gene. There is a weak correlation between the viral load level in plasma and in CSF. The genetic heterogeneity of HIV strains from patients of the Chelyabinsk region indicates a high frequency of reintroduction of HIV infection in the region from other countries. Differences in the tertiary structure of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase between blood plasma and CSF isolates are regularly fixed in certain domens, which also confirms the presence of parallel HIV microevolution during virus persistence in tissues separated by the blood-brain barrier which allows a better understanding of the fixation trends of individual amino acid substitutions during HIV-induced damage to central nervous system.

Outstanding traumatologist-orthopedist, scientist, teacher and health care organizer, founder of a large school of traumatologists and pediatric orthopedists, academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences and the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, vice-president of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, chief traumatologist and chairman of the Academic Council of the USSR Ministry of Health, Honored Scientist of the RSFSR, laureate of the USSR State Prize, Professor Mstislav Vasilievich Volkov was born on June 1, 1923 in Vladivostok. In 1940, he entered the 2nd Moscow Medical Institute, at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, he joined the people’s militia, served as a signalman, and after demobilization in 1945, he continued his studies at the Institute, after which he studied in a clinical residency, and then in graduate school at the Department of Pediatric Surgery and Orthopedics under the direction of Professor S. D. Ternovsky. In 1952, he defended his candidate’s thesis «Peculiarities of amputation limb stump in children», and in 1961 – his doctoral thesis «Tumors and dysplasia of bones in children». From 1961 to 1984, M. V. Volkov headed the Central Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics named after N. N. Priorov and at the same time headed the Clinic of pediatric bone pathology and adolescent orthopedics of this Institute. Mstislav Vasilievich made a huge contribution to the development of traumatology and orthopedics. Under his leadership, 48 doctoral and 50 candidate dissertations were prepared, in which the most pressing problems and numerous specific issues of traumatology, adult and pediatric orthopedics were studied. The results of these studies have become widespread in the practical activities of specialized hospitals in the Soviet Union. M. V. Volkov was the author and co-author of 33 inventions. The Volkov-Oganesyan repositioning-compression and hinge-distraction devices have received the greatest popularity and widespread implementation in practice. For 18 years, Mstislav Vasilievich was the chief traumatologist-orthopedist of the USSR Ministry of Health. He has published over 350 scientific papers, 17 monographs and manuals, many of which have been translated into English, French and German. Academician M. V. Volkov died on December 11, 2001 and was buried at the Vostryakovskoye cemetery in Moscow.

Relevance. Human Noroviruses (HuNoV) are highly contagious pathogens responsible of acute human norovirus infection. HuNoV is the cause of every fifth case of acute non-bacterial gastroenteritis, annually causing about 699 million cases of the disease and more than 200 thousand deaths worldwide. Controlled expression of the HBGA antigens by the FUT2 gene causes resistance to human norovirus. Polymorphisms of the FUT family genes contribute to partial or complete immunity to certain genogroups/ genotypes of norovirus.Aims. To characterize the effect of FUT2 gene polymorphisms on susceptibility to HuNoV.Results. Nonsensemutations of G428A in two homologous alleles contribute to the formation of a secretory-negative phenotype (se), which is a factor determining immunity to noroviruses. Some missense-mutations in the nucleotide positions se385,571 form partial resistance against certain genotypes. People with a secretory-negative phenotype are immune to infection by the GII.4 genotype and its genovariants.Conclusions. The expression of HLA antigens by the functionally inactive FUT2 gene plays a key role in the resistance of the human population to HuNoV. Susceptibility to HuNoV largely depends on the prevalence of HBGA phenotypic diversity among ethnic populations around the world. Targeted screening aimed at identifying polymorphisms of the FUT family will allow identifying risk groups more susceptible to HuNoV.

It has been well established that during the late Quaternary, the Khvalynian transgression of the Caspian Sea occurred, when the sea level rose tens of meters above the present level. Here, we evaluate the physical feasibility of the hypothesis that the maximum phase of this extraordinary event (known as the “Early Khvalynian transgression”) could be initiated and maintained for several thousand years solely by hydroclimatic factors. The hypothesis is based on recent studies dating the highest sea level stage (well above +10 m a.s.l.) to the final period of deglaciation, 17–13 kyr BP, and studies estimating the contribution of the glacial waters in the sea level rise for this period as negligible. To evaluate the hypothesis put forward, we first applied the coupled ocean and sea-ice general circulation model driven by the climate model and estimated the equilibrium water inflow (irrespective of its origin) sufficient to maintain the sea level at the well-dated marks of the Early Khvalynian transgression as 400–470 km3 yr−1. Secondly, we conducted an extensive radiocarbon dating of the large paleochannels (signs of high flow of atmospheric origin) located in the Volga basin and found that the period of their origin (17.5–14 ka BP) is almost identical to the recent dating of the main phase of the Early Khvalynian transgression. Water flow that could form these paleochannels was earlier estimated for the ancient Volga River as 420 km3 yr−1, i.e., close to the equilibrium runoff we determined. Thirdly, we applied a hydrological model forced by paleoclimate data to reveal physically consistent mechanisms of an extraordinarily high water inflow into the Caspian Sea in the absence of a visible glacial meltwater effect. We found that the inflow could be caused by the spread of post-glacial permafrost in the Volga paleocatchment. The numerical experiments demonstrated that the permafrost resulted in a sharp drop in infiltration into the frozen ground and reduced evaporation, which all together generated the Volga runoff during the Oldest Dryas, 17–14.8 kyr BP, up to 360 km3 yr−1 (i.e., the total inflow into the Caspian Sea could reach 450 km3 yr−1). The closeness of the estimates of river inflow into the sea, obtained by three independent methods, in combination with the previously obtained results, gave us reason to conclude that the hypothesis put forward is physically consistent.

Outstanding surgeon, scientist, teacher and organizer of healthcare, founder of a large surgical school, Hero of Socialist Labor (1988), academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences (1974), RAMS (1991) and RAS (1997), laureate of the USSR State Prize (1975), the State Prize of the Russian Federation (1992), Demidov Prize (2002) and the A. N. Bakulev Prize (2002), Professor Viktor Sergeevich Savelyev was born on February 24, 1928 in the village of Pakhotny Ugol of the Bondarsky district of the Tambov region in the family of Sergei Dmitrievich Savelyev, a wood sawmill worker, and Olga Kuzminichna, a housewife. In 1945, Viktor Sergeevich entered the 2nd Moscow Medical Institute (now the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University). After graduating in 1951, he studied in residency at the Department of Faculty Surgery, which was headed by the academician A. N. Bakulev, and was stayed at the department as an assistant. After defending his PhD thesis in 1955, he was appointed a teacher. In 1959, V. S. Savelyev successfully defended his doctoral dissertation, in 1961, he passed the academic title of Professor, in 1967, he was elected the head of the Department of Faculty Surgery. Viktor Sergeevich fully became the successor of A. N. Bakuleva and made the very great contribution to the development of domestic cardiac surgery. The works of V. S. Savelyev played a huge role in the formation and rapid development of vascular surgery. The clinic he headed has accumulated the world’s largest experience in the treatment of acute thrombosis and embolism of the main arteries. Viktor Sergeevich is rightfully one of the founders of modern Russian phlebology. He also made a significant contribution to the development of surgery of the stomach, intestines, bile ducts and pancreas. He was one of the first in the country to use organ-preserving operations on the stomach for complicated duodenal ulcer. Many of Viktor Sergeevich’s works were devoted to various aspects of postoperative management of patients, infusion therapy and parenteral nutrition, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of sepsis. V. S. Savelyev and his students made a significant contribution to the development of abdominal endoscopy. V. S. Savelyev was a major organizer of domestic healthcare, for 34 years he held the post of the chief surgeon of the Ministry of Health of Russia. He was the Chairman of the Scientific Society of Surgeons of Russia (ROH), founder and president of the Russian Association of Phlebologists, editor-in-chief of journals «Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery» and «Phlebolymphology». Under his leadership and with his participation as the scientific consultant, 70 doctoral and 180 candidate dissertations were defended. He was the author and co-author of more than 500 scientific papers, including 24 monographs and manuals. The academician Viktor Sergeevich Savelyev died on December 25, 2013 and was buried in Moscow at the Troyekurovo Cemetery.

The paper is devoted to the definition of an analytical expression for estimating the burnup depth of nuclear fuel depending on its enrichment level, the periodicity of refueling, thermal stressthermal stress and the duration of the time period between refueling (reactor campaign) in a wide range of changes in key parameters for different types of thermal neutron reactors. The analytical expressions obtained in the work for the burnup depth are compared with numerous neutron physics calculations and experimental data from different authors for uranium fuel enrichment up to 9%. Calculations of the fuel share of the cost of electricity of nuclear power plants with PWR type reactors were performed and its sensitivity to changes in burnup depth and enrichment of fuel, the refueling periodicity, as well as to market prices for natural uranium, conversion, enrichment, fabrication of fuel assemblies and SNF handling were determined.

Objective. Study of the viral etiology of severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) in children hospitalized in a hospital in Yekaterinburg during the epidemic season of 2022—2023. Materials and methods. 267 clinical samples (nasopharyngeal swab) obtained from children hospitalized with symptoms of acute respiratory disease were studied. The etiology of the disease was deciphered by RT-PCR, using standard sets of reagents. The material was examined for the presence of influenza A and B viruses, as well as for viruses of non-influenza etiology. 267 individual patient records were analyzed. Results. As a result, it was found that cases of SARI were more often registered among younger children, the structure of SARI of influenza etiology was represented by influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus — 29.9% and influenza B virus — 20.7%, while it was found that most children were not vaccinated against influenza. The proportion of viruses of non-influenza etiology was represented by RS viruses (23.0%), rhinoviruses (9.2%) and bokaviruses (6.3%).

Abstract Measurement of the ultra-rare K + → π + ν ν ¯ $$ {K}^{+}\to {\pi}^{+}\nu \overline{\nu} $$ decay at the NA62 experiment at CERN requires high-performance particle identification to distinguish muons from pions. Calorimetric identification currently in use, based on a boosted decision tree algorithm, achieves a muon misidentification probability of 1.2 × 10 −5 for a pion identification efficiency of 75% in the momentum range of 15–40 GeV/c. In this work, calorimetric identification performance is improved by developing an algorithm based on a convolutional neural network classifier augmented by a filter. Muon misidentification probability is reduced by a factor of six with respect to the current value for a fixed pion-identification efficiency of 75%. Alternatively, pion identification efficiency is improved from 72% to 91% for a fixed muon misidentification probability of 10 −5.

An outstanding surgeon, scientist, teacher and organizer of healthcare, academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences (1945), Honored Scientist of the RSFSR (1934), founder of the largest surgical school in Siberia, Professor Vladimir Mikhailovich Mysh was born on January 4 (16), 1873 in St. Petersburg in the family of a lawyer. He received his secondary education in a classical gymnasium and entered the Imperial Military Medical Academy, which he graduated in 1895 with honors and was left for three years to improve at the Department of Surgery under the guidance of Professor N. A. Velyaminov. In 1898, V. M. Mysh defended his doctoral dissertation on the topic: «Herniae vaginales ingvinales in childhood» and was assigned to Kaluga, where he worked as the head of the Surgical Department in a Military hospital. In 1901, he was elected by competition to the position of professor of the Department of General Surgery with Desmurgy and the study of dislocations and fractures at the Medical Faculty of Tomsk University. In 1909, V. M. Mysh became the head of the Department of Faculty Surgery of Tomsk University, which he headed until 1931, and in 1922, he concurrently headed the Department of Urology created by him. He was the first in Russia and the third in the world to perform radical surgery for alveolar echinococcosis of the liver. In 1931, Vladimir Mikhailovich together with the staff of Tomsk State Medical University moved to Novosibirsk, where he continued to head the Department of Surgery, and in 1935, took an active part in the opening of Novosibirsk Medical Institute and the creation of the Department of Faculty Surgery in it. V. M. Mysh initiated the introduction of specialized urological care in Siberia and made a very great contribution to the development of neurosurgery. Academician V. M. Mysh created the largest surgical school in Siberia, from which famous professors came out: V. S. Levit, G. M. Mukhadze, M. S. Rabinovich, S. L. Schneider, B. I. Fuchs, K. N. Cherepnin, A. G. Savinykh, V. M. Galkin. Vladimir Mikhailovich was the author and co-author of 136 scientific papers, including 11 monographs and manuals on abdominal and thoracic surgery, oncology, urology, neurosurgery, diseases of bones and joints, general and plastic surgery. He was awarded two Orders of Lenin, the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, medals «For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945», «For Labor Valor». Academician V. M. Mysh died on December 31, 1947 and was buried at the Zaeltsovsky Cemetery in Novosibirsk. The surgical clinic of the State Institute for Advanced Training of Doctors and the Department of Faculty Surgery of NSMU were named after V. M. Mysh. He was listed in the gallery of Honorary Professors of the Novosibirsk State Medical Academy.

The objectives of the study are to reveal the influence of multistage fuel-oxidation chemistry, thermal radiation of soot during the combustion of a small (submillimeter size) fuel droplet, and real gas effects on the operation process of compression ignition engines. The use of the multistage oxidation chemistry of iso-octane in the zero-dimensional approximation reveals the appearance of different combinations of cool, blue, and hot flames at different compression ratios and provides a kinetic interpretation of these phenomena that affect the heat release function. Cool flames are caused by the decomposition of alkyl hydroperoxide, during which a very reactive radical, OH, is formed. Blue flames are caused by the decomposition of H2O2 with the formation of OH. Hot flames are caused by the chain branching reaction between atomic hydrogen and molecular oxygen with the formation of OH and O. So-called “double” cool flames correspond to the sequential appearance of a separated cool flame and a low-intensity blue flame rather than two successive cool flames. The use of a one-dimensional model of fuel droplet heating, evaporation, autoignition, and combustion at temperatures and pressures relevant to compression ignition engines shows that the thermal radiation of soot during the combustion of small (submillimeter size) droplets is insignificant and can be neglected. The use of real gas caloric and thermal equations of state of the matter in a three-dimensional simulation of the operation process in a diesel engine demonstrates the significant effect of real gas properties on the engine pressure diagram and on the NO and soot emissions: real gas effects reduce the maximum pressure and mass-averaged temperature in the combustion chamber by about 6 and 9%, respectively, increases the autoignition delay time by a 1.6 crank angle degree, increase the maximum heat release rate by 20%, and reduce the yields of NO and soot by a factor of 2 and 4, respectively.

The aim of the work was to estimate the prevalence of HIV, HBV and HCV markers among pregnant women and their male partners in the Republic of Guinea.Materials and methods. The material of the study was blood plasma samples from 140 pregnant women living in Kindia prefecture and N’Zerekore prefecture, as well as 60 male partners who reported sexual contact with HIV-infected persons. The samples were examined for the presence of serological (HBsAg, HBeAg, antibodies anti-HBs IgG, anti-HBcore IgG, anti-HBe IgG, anti-HCV IgG, Ag/Ab-HIV) and molecular (HBV DNA, HCV RNA, HIV RNA) markers.Results and discussion. The age of the examined pregnant women ranged from 13 to 55 years and was on average (26.29±9.67) years. The age of men varied from 15 to 60 years, on average – (29.05±11.99) years. When assessing the prevalence of serological markers, antibodies to HCV were detected in 2.14 % cases in women and in 3.33 % cases in men. Antibodies to HIV were found in 6.43 % and 6.67 % women and men, respectively. Serological markers associated with HBV were detected in 80.71 % (HBsAg – 13.57 %) of women and 81.67 % (15 %) of men. In the pregnant women, HCV RNA was not detected, HIV RNA was revealed in 1 case, HBV DNA was identified in 26 cases (18.57 %), including 5 % HBsAg-negative hepatitis B cases. In the men group, HCV RNA and HIV RNA were detected in 3.33 % and 6.67 % cases, respectively. HBV DNA was determined in 16.67 % of men, including latent hepatitis B in one person. A significantly higher incidence of HIV in men compared to women is shown (χ2=3.907 at p

From the very onset of SARS‑CoV‑2 spreading, active involvement in the COVID‑19 epidemic process made the healthcare professionals (HCPs) a vulnerable group with higher risks of contracting the disease, severe course and fatal outcome.The aim. We aimed at studying the impact of specific and non-specific preventive measures on the risk of SARS‑CoV‑2 infection among the HCPs in a large industrial region settings during the COVID‑19 pandemic.Materials and methods. We analyzed the data obtained using 1 905 questionnaires for the personnel of infectious hospitals for treatment of COVID‑19 patients and non-core healthcare facilities in a large industrial region during the COVID‑19 pandemic, 100 questionnaires on adherence of the employees to hand hygiene and antiseptics, the results of the tests for specific IgG to the SARS‑CoV‑2 nucleocapsid (2 200 samples), as well as the results of assessment of viral and bacterial contamination of the outer surface of the personal protective equipment for infectious hospital staff (108 specimens).Results and discussion. In the course of the study, an effect of failure in the implementation of some specific and non-specific preventive measures on an increase in the incidence of COVID‑19 in various healthcare professionals has been identified. The COVID‑19 pandemic once again emphasized the need to save lives and health of the HCPs as socially significant category of citizens under the spread of pathogens with high epidemic potential, applying a complex of specific and non-specific measures that are not mutually exclusive.

A complex of interconnected strategic, technological, and organisational problems in the development of scientific periodicals in Russia has been identified. The necessity of delineating an independent direction for policy-making and management of the system of periodic scientific publications, as a unified object of management within the strategic documents defining the scientific and technological policy and in the structure of state governance of the scientific and technological sphere, has been substantiated. Measures are proposed and justified to harmonise the national network of scientific journals with the forefront of ongoing scientific research in the country; to strike a balance between global and national languages of science while maintaining the visibility of Russian publications and authors at a global level; to promote self-organisation within science and reinstate the leading role of editorial boards and collegial forms of work; to subordinate infrastructure, the editorial-publishing process, and peer review to editorial boards.

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have high cardiovascular risk (CVR), which is often underestimated by conventional tools. The coronary artery calcium score (CACS) significantly improves CVR stratification by conventional tools, but it is often not available in low-resources settings. Aldosterone may be a cheaper alternative to CACS for CVR assessment in CKD patients. The aim was to assess the ability of serum aldosterone level to predict CACS in patients with CKD in comparison to standard predictors. This single-center study included 57 patients aged 40 to 67 years with CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] ≥45 ml/min) and arterial hypertension. Serum aldosterone, sex, age, body mass index, blood pressure, total cholesterol, eGFR, and proteinuria were used for prediction of CACS>0 Agatston units (AU) and CACS>100 AU. The area under the curve (AUC) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and the mean Brier scores were examined for predictors of CACS. Aldosterone predicted a CACS>100 AU (AUC = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.56–0.88), but not a CACS>0 AU. Age predicted a CACS>100 AU (AUC = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.67–0.93) and a CACS>0 AU (AUC = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.62–0.89). The addition of aldosterone to age for prediction of a CACS>100 AU improved the mean Brier score, compared to the model with age alone, from 0.16 to 0.14, but not the AUC (0.83, 95% CI: 0.70–0.95). Aldosterone was a significant predictor of a CACS>100 AU in patients with CKD, but aldosterone was not a better predictor than age alone.

Introduction. Human Noroviruses (HuNoV) are highly contagious pathogens responsible of acute human norovirus infection (HuNoVI). GII.4 is the prevailing norovirus genotype in the incidence of gastroenteritis worldwide. Currently there are no studies on the molecular monitoring and phylogenetic analysis of HuNoV in the territory of the Sverdlovsk region, therefore it is not possible to objectively assess their genetic diversity. The aim of the study is to carry out genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of HNoVI in municipalities of the Sverdlovsk region: Ekaterinburg, Nizhny Tagil, Kamensk-Uralsky in 2022. Materials and methods. Fecal samples were collected from children suffering from HuNoVI in the municipalities of the Sverdlovsk region. Viral RNA was extracted from stool samples followed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction with degenerate primers flanking the ORF1/ORF2 junction. The amplified samples were genotyped by Sanger sequencing. Multiple sequence alignments were carried out and phylogenetic trees were constructed. Results. The total number of studied samples was 220. According to sequencing results, 73 positive sequences of HuNoV were typed, which represents 33% of the total volume of the studied samples. The largest share of genotypes is occupied by noroviruses GII (58%), noroviruses GI (42%). Noroviruses GII.17, GI.3 were the dominant genotypes. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrates that the identified sequences on the territory of the Sverdlovsk region have the smallest genetic distance, which gives grounds for their unification into a common cluster. Conclusion. For the first time, a genetic analysis of HuNoV was carried out in the territory of the Sverdlovsk region. The norovirus genotyping system based on the amplification of the ORF1/ORF2 region makes it possible to successfully identify various genotypes of noroviruses from the Sverdlovsk region. It has been confirmed that GII noroviruses remain the dominant genetic group. The results of phylogenetic analysis demonstrate the greatest homology in the formed clusters between isolates from Ekaterinburg, Nizhny Tagil, Kamensk-Uralsky.

Abstract A sample of 1.3 × 105 K + → π 0 e + νγ candidates with less than 1% background was collected by the NA62 experiment at the CERN SPS in 2017–2018. Branching fraction measurements are obtained at percent relative precision in three restricted kinematic regions, improving on existing results by a factor larger than two. An asymmetry, possibly related to T-violation, is investigated with no evidence observed within the achieved precision.

Chicken manure and composts derived from it are valuable organic fertilizers that have a positive impact on soil fertility and significantly enhance crop yields. However, the application of fresh manure can lead to excessive concentrations of nitrogen and other nutrients in the soil, as well as contamination of the soil with microorganisms that are pathogenic to humans and animals. Therefore, it is recommended to compost chicken manure prior to its use in agriculture. This review examines the composition and properties of chicken manure, the techniques involved in its composting, and its influence on the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil. The utilization of composted manure results in increased levels of organic carbon (on average by 1–1.5%), nitrogen (by 0.1–0.2%), and other biophilic elements. Moreover, it improves various physical properties of the soil, such as porosity, aeration, and density. Levels of pH increase (by 0.2–0.4), as well as electrical conductivity (by 2–2.5 times), and the quantity of water-resistant aggregates (by 5–10%). The application of these fertilizers also promotes biological activity, microbial diversity, microbial biomass carbon (by 25–75%), and soil enzymatic activity (phosphatase and catalase increase by 5–7 times, and urease by 3–5 times). When chicken manure is incorporated into the soil, a significant (2–4 times) increase in the population of bacteria from the phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria is observed. The necessity of investigating the effects of compost derived from chicken manure on the chemical composition and storage of soil organic matter, pore space, and the ecotrophic structure of the soil microbiome is also discussed.

An outstanding orthopedic traumatologist and military field surgeon, scientist and teacher, one of the founders of orthopedics in Russia, founder and long-term director of the St. Petersburg Orthopedic Institute (1906–1924), organizer of the first Department of Pediatric Surgery in Russia (1933) and creator of a large scientific school of orthopedic traumatologists, Professor Roman Romanovich Vreden was born on March 9 (21), 1867 in St. Petersburg in the family of a well-known otorhinolaryngologist, Professor Robert Robertovich Vreden. From childhood, Roman chose the profession of a doctor for himself, and after graduating with a gold medal from the First Classical Gymnasium in St. Petersburg in 1885, he entered the Imperial Military Medical Academy. After graduating from the academy in 1890, he passed the competition and left for further development of the specialty as an adjunct at the Department and Clinic of Hospital Surgery founded by N. I. Pirogov and led by Professor V. A. Ratimov. In 1893, R. R. Vreden successfully defended his dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Medicine on the topic: «On the etiology of cystitis», after which he was sent to Kiev, where from 1893 to 1896, he worked as a resident at the Kiev Military Hospital, headed the Surgical and Ear Departments there. In 1896, Roman Romanovich returned to the Military Medical Academy and received the position of senior assistant in the Hospital Surgical Clinic of V. A. Ratimov. In 1898, R. R. Vreden was awarded the academic title of Privatdozent. In 1902, in connection with the retirement due to illness of V. A. Ratimov, a competition was held to fill the position of the head of the Department of Hospital Surgery, but R. R. Vreden lost to S. P. Fedorov in it, after which he left the Department. In 1902–1904, he was a leading surgeon and director of the French Hospital in St. Petersburg and a surgical consultant at the Nikolaev Military Hospital. In 1903, R. R. Vreden was appointed an official for special assignments at the Main Military Medical Directorate. In February 1904, the Russo-Japanese War began and R. R. Vreden was sent to the Far East. In March 1905, Roman Romanovich returned to St. Petersburg, until 1906, served as head of the faculty surgical clinic of the Women’s Medical Institute. In July 1906, Roman Romanovich was appointed the first director of the first Russian Orthopedic Institute in St. Petersburg. R. R. Vreden can rightfully be considered the founder of operative orthopedics in our country. Such surgical interventions as arthrotomy, arthroplasty, arthrodesis, bone and joint resections, tendon and bone plasty, osteotomy, open reduction of dislocations and others were widely performed at the Institute. In 1911, Roman Romanovich was elected a professor at the Psychoneurological Institute and created the Department of Orthopedics on the basis of his Institute. In 1912, he organized training in orthopedics for doctors at the Clinical Institute of the Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna, and in 1918, he created and headed the Department of Orthopedics at the First Petrograd Medical Institute. In 1925, the «Practical Guide to Orthopedics» was published, which summed up the 18-year activity of R. R. Vreden in this field of medicine. Roman Romanovich created one of the first and largest scientific schools of orthopedic surgeons in our country. Professor Roman Romanovich Vreden died in Leningrad on February 7, 1934 and was buried at the Smolensk Lutheran cemetery. In 1967, the Leningrad Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics was named after R. R. Vreden.

Introduction. Most patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) who received systemic therapy are classified into as intermediate risk group according to the International mRCC Database Consortium (IMDC) assessment. However, survival differs in patients with one and two unfavourable prognostic risk factors.Objective. To analyze the impact of possible clinical and laboratory parameters on survival in mRCC patients with intermediate prognosis according to IMDC in the presence of one or two unfavourable prognostic risk factors.Materials & methods. A retrospective analysis of data from 316 mRCC patients with intermediate prognosis receiving systemic therapy was carried out. The presence and effect on survival of the following laboratory parameters were compared: hemoglobin, neutrophil count, LDH, platelet count, alkaline phosphatase, serum calcium level, ESR, and emphasis was also placed on the time of metastases appearance. Overall survival (OS), post-progression survival (PPS), and 3- and 5-year survival were evaluated.Results. The overall 3- and 5-year survival rate for subgroups with one and two unfavourable prognostic risk factors were 85.2% ± 1.8% and 58.1 ± 1.6%; 79.1% ± 1.7% and 35.6  1.6%, respectively (p < 0.001). Three- and 5-year PPS for both subgroups amounted to 66.1% ± 1.6% and 21.8% ± 1.4%; 45.2% ± 1.5% and 12.2% ± 1.3%, respectively (p < 0.001). Median for OS was 61 and 51 months and PPS was 50 and 32 months respectively (p

A sample of 3984 candidates of the K+→π+γγ decay, with an estimated background of 291±14 events, was collected by the NA62 experiment at CERN during 2017–2018. In order to describe the observed di-photon mass spectrum, the next-to-leading order contribution in chiral perturbation theory was found to be necessary. The decay branching ratio in the full kinematic range is measured to be (9.61±0.17)×10−7. The first search for production and prompt decay of an axion-like particle with gluon coupling in the process K+→π+a, a→γγ is also reported.

Fresh fermented milk products have a limited shelf life that can be extended by vacuum freeze-drying. Cryoprotectants are used to increase the survival of lactic acid microorganisms during freeze-drying. The most effective cryoprotectants are those of natural origin. Literature offers little information on the cryoprotective effects of fruit and vegetable purees. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of fruit and vegetable purees in increasing the survival of lactic acid microorganisms during the freeze-drying and storage of fermented milk products. We studied bioyogurt samples containing pumpkin, fig, and banana purees. Rational modes of freezing and freeze-drying were established on the basis of thermal analysis. The cryoscopic temperature was determined by differential scanning calorimetry. The proportion of frozen moisture was calculated using the Nagaoka formula. Standard methods were employed to evaluate the sensory characteristics of bioyogurts and determine their protein, fat, and non-fat milk solids contents, as well as titratable acidity and microbiological indicators. The addition of pumpkin puree increased the cryoscopic temperature and reduced the freeze-drying stage and the total drying time by 13 h, depending on the amount of puree. However, the addition of sweet fig and banana purees decreased the cryoscopic temperature and increased the freeze-drying stage and the total drying time by 0.5–1.5 and 1.5–3 h, respectively. Based on the sensory evaluation of the freeze-dried bioyogurts, we selected the formulations with 15% of pumpkin and fig purees and 10% of banana puree. We found that the freeze-dried bioyogurts with puree had higher counts of lactic acid bacteria compared to the control. In the freeze-dried samples, the counts were higher at a storage temperature of 4 ± 2°C than at 20 ± 2°C. Pumpkin puree provided the best survival of lactic acid microorganisms during freeze-drying and storage.

The treatment of localized oncological process requires a reconstructive intervention in the vast majority of cases. Thus, the problem of reconstructive plastic material is acute. There is no standard material for reconstruction, due to the variability of defects in length, composition and localization of the tumor process. Both cover tissues and fragments of the gastrointestinal tract can be used as the autologous graft. The presented clinical case describes the esophageal reconstruction with the radial forearm flap. The radial flap is easy to cut out, survives well, and its use excludes the presence of complications from the donor area, in comparison with the techniques of using fragments of the gastrointestinal tract. The ability to perform simultaneous tumor removal and reconstruction allows for full restoration of vital functions – eating, breathing, speech, achievement of good aesthetic and functional results, including long-term ones, and a satisfactory quality of life.

Anatoly Alekseevich Kurygin was born on September 10, 1932 in the village of Zaborye, Solotchinsky District (now Ryazansky District), Ryazan Region, into a peasant family. In 1950, Anatoly Kurygin graduated from the Solotchinsk complete secondary school with excellent and good marks and applied for admission to the Ryazan Medical Institute. A. Kurygin decided to become a surgeon already at the beginning of his studies at the Institute and persistently went to achieve this goal. After graduating from the 4th year, Anatoly Alekseevich, along with other most successful students, received an offer to continue the study at the Military Medical Faculty at the Kuibyshev Medical Institute named after D. I. Ulyanov, agreed and joined the ranks of the Soviet Army. In July 1956, having received a diploma with honors, lieutenant of the medical service A. A. Kurygin, together with his wife Lyudmila Nikiforovna, departed for the Belarusian Military District. In April 1961, having got the highest grades (five) in the entrance exams, Anatoly Alekseevich was enrolled in the postgraduate course at the Department of Faculty Surgery named after S. P. Fedorov. As a dissertation research, Anatoly Alekseevich was instructed to study the state of lavsan prostheses and a new vascular bed at different times after arterial alloplasty. Soon after defending his dissertation, V. M. Sitenko suggested Anatoly Alekseevich to take up the issue of chronic pancreatitis, which was little studied at that time. During the year, A. A. Kurygin studied the literature on this topic and came to the convincing conclusion that it was impossible as a doctoral dissertation. Anatoly Alekseevich reported his thoughts to the head of the department, substantiated the futility of this topic and expressed a desire to study the physiological and surgical aspects of vagotomy as a new and alternative method of gastric resection for the treatment of chronic duodenal ulcers and its complications. In June 1978, the deputy head of the department, associate professor A. A. Kurygin, successfully defended the first doctoral dissertation in the USSR on the treatment of duodenal ulcers by vagotomy in combination with pyloroplasty. Five years later, in November 1987, professors of the Military Medical Academy V. M. Sitenko, A. A. Kurygin and A. I. Nechay, as part of a group of surgeons from Moscow, Kyiv and Tallinn, were awarded the title of Laureate of the USSR State Prize «For the development and implementation of new methods of treatment of peptic ulcer». In 1985, Professor A. A. Kurygin was appointed head of the Department of Surgery № 2 (for advanced medical training) of the Military Medical Academy. Anatoly Alekseevich was the author and co-author of more than 300 scientific papers, including 39 monographs and manuals, more than 25 teaching aids, 14 inventions, as well as the editor of the Abdominal Surgery section of the Small Medical Encyclopedia. Also, A.A. Kurygin published three collections of poetry. On November 12, 2011, after a severe and prolonged illness, the doctor Anatoly Alekseevich Kurygin was no longer with us. Major-General of the Medical Service A. A. Kurygin was buried on November 15 at the Serafimovsky cemetery in St. Petersburg.

The article describes social and economic aspects of the treatment of patients with medium and large postoperative ventral hernias. The study was based on the results of treatment of 181 patients operated by endovideosurgical and open methods for postoperative ventral hernias. The stratification of patients was carried out on the basis of the mod ern classification of postoperative hernias of the EHS approved in the national clinical guidelines. The first main group of patients who underwent laparoscopic hernioplasty using the IPOM+ technique (intraperitoneal onlay mesh) consisted of 47 people. The second main group included 12 patients operated using the preperitoneal eTEP technique (extended total extraperitoneal plasty). The control group consisted of 122 patients with postoperative ventral hernias who underwent traditional (open) hernioplasty: using the techniques of onlay – 35 patients, inlay – 12, sublay– 75. Preoperative examination before planned minimally invasive hernioplasty included routine laboratory and instrumental examinations. The exceptions were patients with stage II and III obesity, as well as large postoperative ventral hernias, patients who underwent computed tomography with abdominometry. The economic efficiency of the treated patients was calculated using standardized formulas. It has been established that the complete e- TEP operation statistically reliably allows to get a significant economic effect compared to the laparoscopic IPOM surgery. IPOM endovideohernioplasty can be used in patients with a combined surgical disease of the abdominal organs in the case of simultaneous intervention. Traditional hernioplasty in patients with large and giant hernias with reduction of abdominal volume are the operations of choice and significantly increase the economic efficiency of the medical hospital. A modern surgical hospital should be able to perform any variants of both traditional and endovideosurgical hernioplasty in order to provide effective medical care and achieve optimal economic performance in any of the existing health insurance systems.